1
|
Sánchez-Ayllón F, Segura-Alba O, Dos Santos-Bezerril M, Rojo-Rojo A, Melendreras-Ruiz R, Alcázar-Artero M, José Pujalte-Jesús M, Luis Díaz-Agea J. Safety Assessment of Low-Flow Oxygenation Device: Quasi-Experimental Study. Clin Nurs Res 2022; 31:1431-1437. [PMID: 35996872 DOI: 10.1177/10547738221112745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to verify the feasibility of using an Oxygenation Device with Reservoir and Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (ODRPEEP; DORPEEP in Spanish) and to analyze its safety with respect to mask leaks and carbon dioxide retention measured upon expiration. A quasi-experimental pilot study was designed with eight volunteers in two experiments to determine the degree of leaks from the device, according to the observation of water vapor particle diffusion, on the one hand, and of thermal images on the other. The results from this study showed that the mask from the DORPEEP© device at is tightest fit provided an adequate seal, although not fully airtight. In the thermal images and in the experiment with water vapor in our study, dispersions were mainly observed in the lower area in individuals with a beard. The DORPEEP© device was shown to have only slight leaks.
Collapse
|
2
|
Demisse LB, Olani AB, Alemayehu M, Sultan M. Prehospital characteristics of COVID-19 patients transported by emergency medical service and the predictors of a prehospital sudden deterioration in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int J Emerg Med 2022; 15:60. [PMID: 36307770 PMCID: PMC9616613 DOI: 10.1186/s12245-022-00463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severally ill COVID-19 patients may require urgent transport to a specialized facility for advanced care. Prehospital transport is inherently risky; the patient’s health may deteriorate, and potentially fatal situations may arise. Hence, early detection of clinically worsening patients in a prehospital setting may enable selecting the best receiving facility, arranging for swift transportation, and providing the most accurate and timely therapies. The incidence and predictors of abrupt prehospital clinical deterioration among critically ill patients in Ethiopia are relatively limited. Study objectives This study was conducted to determine the incidence of sudden clinical deterioration during prehospital transportation and its predictors. Methods A prospective cohort study of 591 COVID-19 patients transported by a public EMS in Addis Ababa. For data entry, Epi data V4.2 and SPSS V 25 were used for analysis. To control the effect of confounders, the candidate variables for multivariable analysis were chosen using a p 0.25 inclusion threshold from the bivariate analysis. A statistically significant association was declared at adjusted relative risk (ARR) ≠ 1 with a 95 % confidence interval (CI) and a p value < 0.05 after adjusting for potential confounders. Results The incidence of prehospital sudden clinical deterioration in this study was 10.8%. The independent predictors of prehospital sudden clinical deterioration were total prehospital time [ARR 1.03 (95%; CI 1.00–1.06)], queuing delays [ARR 1.03 (95%; CI 1.00–1.06)], initial prehospital respiratory rate [ARR 1.07 (95% CI 1.01–1.13)], and diabetic mellitus [ARR 1.06 (95%; CI 1.01–1.11)]. Conclusion In the current study, one in every ten COVID-19 patients experienced a clinical deterioration while an EMS provider was present. The factors that determined rapid deterioration were total prehospital time, queueing delays, the initial respiratory rate, and diabetes mellitus. Queueing delays should be managed in order to find a way to decrease overall prehospital time. According to this finding, more research on prehospital intervention and indicators of prehospital clinical deterioration in Ethiopia is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lemlem Beza Demisse
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Ararso Baru Olani
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Arbaminch University, Po. Box: 2021, Arbaminch, Ethiopia
| | | | - Menbeu Sultan
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, St. Paul's hospital millennium medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Inhaled nitric oxide as temporary respiratory stabilization in patients with COVID-19 related respiratory failure (INOCOV): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268822. [PMID: 35622848 PMCID: PMC9140246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In March 2020, WHO announced the COVID-19 a pandemic and a major global public health emergency. Mortality from COVID-19 is rapidly increasing globally, with acute respiratory failure as the predominant cause of death. Many patients experience severe hypoxia and life-threatening respiratory failure often requiring mechanical ventilation. To increase safety margins during emergency anaesthesia and rapid sequence intubation (RSI), patients are preoxygenated with a closed facemask with high-flow oxygen and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Due to the high shunt fraction of deoxygenated blood through the lungs frequently described in COVID-19 however, these measures may be insufficient to avoid harmful hypoxemia. Preoxygenation with inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) potentially reduces the shunt fraction and may thus allow for the necessary margins of safety during RSI. Methods and design The INOCOV protocol describes a phase II pharmacological trial of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) as an adjunct to standard of care with medical oxygen in initial airway and ventilation management of patients with known or suspected COVID-19 in acute respiratory failure. The trial is parallel two-arm, randomized, controlled, blinded trial. The primary outcome measure is the change in oxygen saturation (SpO2), and the null hypothesis is that there is no difference in the change in SpO2 following initiation of iNO. Trial registration EudraCT number 2020-001656-18; WHO UTN: U1111-1250-1698. Protocol version: 2.0 (June 25th, 2021).
Collapse
|
4
|
Association between Prehospital Hypoxemia and Admission to Intensive Care Unit during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 57:medicina57121362. [PMID: 34946307 PMCID: PMC8707267 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57121362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the association between prehospital peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in confirmed or suspected coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients. Materials and Methods: We carried out a retrospective cohort study on patients requiring prehospital intervention between 11 March 2020 and 4 May 2020. All adult patients in whom a diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia was suspected by the prehospital physician were included. Patients who presented a prehospital confounding respiratory diagnosis and those who were not eligible for ICU admission were excluded. The main exposure was “Low SpO2” defined as a value < 90%. The primary outcome was 48-h ICU admission. Secondary outcomes were 48-h mortality and 30-day mortality. We analyzed the association between low SpO2 and ICU admission or mortality with univariable and multivariable regression models. Results: A total of 145 patients were included. A total of 41 (28.3%) patients had a low prehospital SpO2 and 21 (14.5%) patients were admitted to the ICU during the first 48 h. Low SpO2 was associated with an increase in ICU admission (OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.2–10.0), which remained significant after adjusting for sex and age (aOR = 5.2, 95% CI = 1.8–15.4). Mortality was higher in low SpO2 patients at 48 h (OR = 7.1 95% CI 1.3–38.3) and at 30 days (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 1.4–10.7). Conclusions: In our physician-staffed prehospital system, first low prehospital SpO2 values were associated with a higher risk of ICU admission during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
|
5
|
Duprez F, de Terwangne C, Bellemans V, Poncin W, Reychler G, Sorgente A, Cuvelier G, Mashayekhi S, Wittebole X. High-flow nasal cannula therapy, factors affecting effective inspired oxygen fraction: an experimental adult bench model. J Clin Monit Comput 2021; 36:1441-1448. [PMID: 34877626 PMCID: PMC8651462 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-021-00784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenation through High Flow Delivery Systems (HFO) is described as capable of delivering accurate FiO2. Meanwhile, peak inspiratory flow \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\dot{V}_{{\text{I}}}$$\end{document}V˙I ) of patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure can reach up to 120 L/min, largely exceeding HFO flow. Currently, very few data on the reliability of HFO devices at these high \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\dot{V}_{{\text{I}}}$$\end{document}V˙I are available. We sought to evaluate factors affecting oxygenation while using HFO systems at high \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\dot{V}_{{\text{I}}}$$\end{document}V˙I in a bench study. Spontaneous breathing was generated with a mechanical test lung connected to a mechanical ventilator Servo-i®, set to volume control mode. Gas flow from a HFO device was delivered to the test lung. The influence on effective inspired oxygen fraction of three parameters (FiO2 0.6, 0.8, and 1, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\dot{V}_{{\text{I}}}$$\end{document}V˙I from 28 to 98.1 L/min, and HFO Gas Flows from 40 to 60 L/min) were analyzed and are reported. The present bench study demonstrates that during HFO treatment, measured FiO2 in the lung does not equal set FiO2 on the device. The substance of this variation (ΔFiO2) is tightly correlated to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\dot{V}_{{\text{I}}}$$\end{document}V˙I (Pearson’s coefficient of 0.94, p-value < 0.001). Additionally, set FiO2 and Flow at HFO device appear to significatively affect ΔFiO2 as well (p-values < 0.001, adjusted to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\dot{V}_{{\text{I}}}$$\end{document}V˙I ). The result of multivariate linear regression indicates predictors (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\dot{V}_{{\text{I}}}$$\end{document}V˙I , Flow and set FiO2) to explain 92% of the variance of delta FiO2 through K-Fold Cross Validation. Moreover, adjunction of a dead space in the breathing circuit significantly decreased ΔFiO2 (p < 0.01). The present bench study did expose a weakness of HFO devices in reliability of delivering accurate FIO2 at high \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\dot{V}_{{\text{I}}}$$\end{document}V˙I as well as, to a lesser extent, at \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\dot{V}_{{\text{I}}}$$\end{document}V˙I below equivalent set HFO Flows. Moreover, set HFO flow and set FIO2 did influence the variability of effective inspired oxygen fraction. The adjunction of a dead space in the experimental set-up significantly amended this variability and should thus be further studied in order to improve success rate of HFO therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Duprez
- Department of Intensive Care, Centre Hospitalier Epicura, Hornu, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Condorcet School, Tournai, Belgium.
| | - C de Terwangne
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
- , Brussels, Belgium.
| | - V Bellemans
- Department of Intensive Care, Centre Hospitalier Epicura, Hornu, Belgium
| | - W Poncin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Reychler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Sorgente
- Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Epicura, Hornu, Belgium
| | - G Cuvelier
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Condorcet School, Tournai, Belgium
| | - S Mashayekhi
- Department of Intensive Care, Centre Hospitalier Epicura, Hornu, Belgium
| | - X Wittebole
- Département of Intensive Care, UCLouvain, Cliniques universitaires St. Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Häikiö K, Andersen JV, Bakkerud M, Christiansen CR, Rand K, Staff T. A retrospective survey study of paramedic students' exposure to SARS-CoV-2, participation in the COVID-19 pandemic response, and health-related quality of life. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2021; 29:153. [PMID: 34663422 PMCID: PMC8522862 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-021-00967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare workers have reported increased anxiety while working in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the role of healthcare students in a health crisis has been discussed among clinicians and researchers. The simultaneous international shortage of personal protection equipment (PPE) during the first wave of the pandemic potentially exposed healthcare workers and students to the virus during their work and clinical training. Our aim was therefore to evaluate the extent to which paramedic students in Oslo, Norway, were exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and were involved in voluntary and/or paid healthcare-related work. An evaluation was also made of the students’ COVID-19-related symptoms and of their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods Paramedic students (n = 155) at Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway, were invited to complete an online survey five months after the first cases of COVID-19 were detected. The university was situated in the epicenter of the pandemic in Norway. The responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, and linear regression analysis. Results Of the 109 respondents (70.3%), 40 worked in patient-related healthcare work. Of those, seven (17.5%) students experienced insufficient supplies of PPE, six (15.0%) participated in aerosol-generating procedures without adequate PPE, and nine (22.5%) experienced insufficient time to don PPE. Seventy-five (70.1%) students experienced no COVID-19-related symptoms, and no students tested positive for COVID-19. HRQoL was scored 0.92 (sd 0.12), which was significantly higher than for the general population before the pandemic (p = 0.002). Students continued with their education and participated in a variety of pandemic-related emergency tasks during the first wave of the pandemic. Conclusions Paramedic students were valuable contributors to the national pandemic response. Despite potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in unpredictable emergency settings with limited supplies of personal protection equipment, no students tested positive for COVID-19. Their health-related quality of life remained high. Students’ participation and utilization in similar health crises should be considered in future health crises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Häikiö
- Bachelor Program in Paramedic Science, Institute of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jeanette V Andersen
- Bachelor Program in Paramedic Science, Institute of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Bakkerud
- Bachelor Program in Paramedic Science, Institute of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carl R Christiansen
- Bachelor Program in Paramedic Science, Institute of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kim Rand
- HØKH - Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, P.O. Box 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Trine Staff
- Bachelor Program in Paramedic Science, Institute of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Joshi J, Payyappalimana U, Puthiyedath R. Potential for supportive Ayurvedic care in hypoxemic COVID-19 patients. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 13:100447. [PMID: 33976504 PMCID: PMC8103152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Joshi
- Joshi Panchakarma Clinic, Panvel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Unnikrishnan Payyappalimana
- Centre for Local Health Traditions & Policy, University of Transdisciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | | |
Collapse
|