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Tosca MA, Varricchio A, Schiavetti I, Naso M, Damiani V, Ciprandi G. Managing children with frequent respiratory infections and associated wheezing: a preliminary randomized study with a new multicomponent nasal spray. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2024; 52:22-30. [PMID: 38721952 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v52i3.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preschoolers frequently have respiratory infections (RIs), which may cause wheezing in some subjects. Type 2 polarization may favor increased susceptibility to RIs and associated wheezing. Non-pharmacological remedies are garnering increasing interest as possible add-on therapies. The present preliminary study investigated the efficacy and safety of a new multi-component nasal spray in preschoolers with frequent RIs and associated wheezing. METHODS Some preschoolers with these characteristics randomly took this product, containing lactoferrin, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, carboxymethyl-beta-glucan, and vitamins C and D3 (Saflovir), two sprays per nostril twice daily for 3 months. Other children were randomly treated only with standard therapy. Outcomes included the number of RIs and wheezing episodes, use of medications, and severity of clinical manifestations. RESULTS Preschoolers treated add-on with this multicomponent product experienced fewer RIs and used fewer beta-2 agonists than untreated children (P = 0.01 and 0.029, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study demonstrated that a multicomponent product, administered add-on as a nasal spray, could reduce the incidence of RIs and use of symptomatic drugs for relieving wheezing in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matteo Naso
- Allergy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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DE Leo V, Lazzeri E, Governini L, Cuppone AM, Colombini L, Teodori L, Ciprandi G, Iannelli F, Pozzi G. Vaginal colonization of women after oral administration of Lactobacillus crispatus strain NTCVAG04 from the human microbiota. Minerva Obstet Gynecol 2023; 75:432-439. [PMID: 35686637 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-606x.22.05087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genomic approach has deeply changed the microbiology perspective, mainly concerning the microbioma identification. In this regard, some microbes colonize the healthy vagina. Vaginitis is a common gynecological ailment and includes bacterial vaginosis (BV), usually caused by local dysbiosis, such as a microbiota imbalance. Lactobacilli are the most prevalent bacteria colonizing the healthy vagina, so guaranteeing local eubiosis. In particular, vaginal colonization by L. crispatus is associated with low susceptibility to BV. Therefore, probiotics, such as life bacteria providing health advantages, are a current strategy in the prevention or treatment of vaginitis, including BV. However, there is a low level of evidence that probiotics after ingestion could really colonize the vagina. In particular, no study evidenced that L. crispatus after ingestion can colonize vagina. Therefore, the current study explored the capacity of Biovaginil® (NTC, Milan, Italy) dietary supplement containing Lactobacillus crispatus NTCVAG04 and vitamin A to colonize the gut and vagina in women with a history of vaginitis/vaginosis. METHODS Twenty fertile females (mean age 34.0 years) were enrolled in the study. Rectal and vaginal swabs were collected at baseline and after the first and second cycle of Biovaginil®. Each cycle lasted 14 days within two consecutive menstrual periods. RESULTS Seven women were excluded from the analysis because the samples were technically not evaluable. One woman dropped out because of mild adverse event. At the end of the study, nine women (75%) had positive rectal swab for L. crispatus NTCVAG04, and 8 of them also had positive vaginal swab. CONCLUSIONS The current study provided the first evidence that L. crispatus NTCVAG04, administered by two Biovaginil® courses, colonized both the gut and vagina. Moreover, the L. crispatus NTCVAG04 strain could be considered the archetype of a new class of oral probiotics that actively colonize the vagina, and that could be called "colpobiotics."
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo DE Leo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elisa Lazzeri
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (LAMMB), Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Governini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna M Cuppone
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (LAMMB), Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Colombini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (LAMMB), Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lucia Teodori
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (LAMMB), Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ciprandi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Casa di Cura Villa Montallegro, Genoa, Italy -
| | - Francesco Iannelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (LAMMB), Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gianni Pozzi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (LAMMB), Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Ciprandi G, Varriccchio A. Sobrerol: New Perspectives to Manage Patients with Frequent Respiratory Infections. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1210. [PMID: 37508708 PMCID: PMC10378669 DOI: 10.3390/children10071210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are usually characterized by mucus hypersecretion. This condition may worsen and prolong symptoms and signs. For this reason, reducing mucus production and improving mucus removal represent relevant aspects of managing patients with RTIs. In this regard, mucoactive drugs may be effective. Mucoactive agents constitute a large class of compounds characterized by different mechanisms of action. Sobrerol is a monoterpene able to fluidify mucus, increase mucociliary clearance, and exert antioxidant activity. Sobrerol is available in various formulations (granules, syrup, nebulized, and suppository). Sobrerol has been on the market for over 50 years. Therefore, the present article revised the evidence concerning this compound and proposed new possible strategies. The literature analysis showed that several studies investigated the efficacy and safety of sobrerol in acute and chronic RTIs characterized by mucus hyperproduction. Seven pediatric studies have been conducted with favorable outcomes. However, the regulatory agencies recently reduced the treatment duration to three days. Therefore, a future study will test the hypothesis that a combination of oral and topical sobrerol could benefit children and adults with frequent respiratory tract infections. The rationale of this new approach is based on the concept that mucus accumulation could be a risk factor for increased susceptibility to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Ciprandi
- Allergy Center, Casa di Cura Villa Montallegro, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Attilio Varriccchio
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
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Trincianti C, Tosca MA, Ciprandi G. Updates in the diagnosis and practical management of allergic rhinitis. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2023; 16:669-676. [PMID: 37314373 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2023.2225770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a widespread disease that can be associated with other conditions, including conjunctivitis, rhinosinusitis, asthma, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis. Diagnosis is based on the history and documentation of sensitization, such as the production of allergen-specific IgE, preferably using molecular diagnostics. Treatments are based on patient education, non-pharmacological and pharmacological remedies, allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), and surgery. Symptomatic treatments mainly concern intranasal/oral antihistamines and/or nasal corticosteroids. AREAS COVERED This review discusses current and emerging management strategies for AR, covering pharmacological and non-pharmacological remedies, AIT, and biologics in selected cases with associated severe asthma. However, AIT presently remains the unique causal treatment for AR. EXPERT OPINION The management of allergic rhinitis could include new strategies. In this regard, particular interest should be considered in the fixed association between intranasal antihistamines and corticosteroids, probiotics and other natural substances, and new formulations (tablets) of AIT.
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Varricchio A, Brunese F, La Mantia I, Ascione E, Ciprandi G. Choosing nasal devices: a dilemma in clinical practice. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2023; 94:e2023034. [PMID: 36786256 PMCID: PMC9987488 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v94i1.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Upper airway diseases are frequent and recognize different etiopathogenetic mechanisms, including infection, inflammation, and allergy. Therefore, topical treatments are preferable in comparison with systemic medications. Several delivery devices are available on the market, including nasal drops, syringes, sprays, nebulizers, and douches. However, it is clinically relevant to know the better way to use it. METHODS The present experience compared five different devices that were tested: i) a nasal dropper, ii) a standard nasal spray device, iii) a mucosal atomization device with a nozzle tip, iv) a nebulizer device, and v) a nasal douche. Saline solution with methylene blue was the marker to evaluate the intranasal distribution. RESULTS The findings showed an apparent difference in area distribution among these delivery devices. Conclusion The present experience showed that doctors should choose the most appropriate device for the current disease in clinical practice.
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A Brief Review of Local Bacteriotherapy for Preventing Respiratory Infections. ALLERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/allergies2040013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory infections (RRIs) account for relevant economic and social implications and significantly affect family life. Local Bacteriotherapy (LB) represents an innovative option in preventing RRIs. Local bacteriotherapy consists of administering “good” and safe bacteria (probiotics) by nasal or oral route. In particular, two strains (Streptococcus salivarius 24SMB and Streptococcus oralis 89a) are commonly used. The present article presents and discusses the literature concerning LB. Infections of airways include the upper and lower respiratory tract. A series of clinical trials investigated the preventive role of LB in preventing upper and lower RIs. These studies demonstrated that LB safely reduced the prevalence and severity of RIs, the use of antibiotics, and absences from school. Therefore, Local Bacteriotherapy may be considered an interesting therapeutic option in RRI prevention.
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Apaza Ticona L, Puerto Madorrán MJ, Hervás Povo B, Ortega Domenech M, Rumbero Sánchez A. Isolation and characterisation of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory compounds from Gnaphalium polycaulon. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114661. [PMID: 34555450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gnaphalium polycaulon commonly known as "cudweed" has been used throughout South America as an infusion to treat colds, bronchitis, fever or pneumonia. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to determine the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of Gnaphalium polycaulon and identify the related compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS A bio-guided isolation of the active compounds of Gnaphalium polycaulon was carried out, selecting the fractions depending on their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. The antibacterial effect was studied against Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae; and the anti-inflammatory study was performed by measuring the inhibition of NF-κB in BEAS-2B and IMR-90 cell cultures. RESULTS Three compounds were obtained and characterised by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. These compounds are 2-(4-(1-H-tetrazol-1-yl) phenyl)-2-aminopropanoic acid (1), N-phenyl-4-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl) piperazine-1-carboxamide (2) and N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-(2-methylimidazo-[1,2-α] pyridine-3-yl) thiazol-2-amine (3). All compounds showed antibacterial activity with MIC values of 44.80-44.85, 0.017-0.021 and 0.0077-0.0079 μM, respectively, in the Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae strains, while the positive control, Ofloxacin, had a MIC value of 27.64-27.67 μM. This was corroborated through a zone inhibition assay, where compound 3 (11.36-11.67 mm) was much more active than the positive control (Ofloxacin, 23.41-24.12 mm), while compounds 2 (26.47-27.64 mm) and 1 (28.39-29.76 mm) displayed similar antibacterial potential to the positive control. Finally, all the compounds presented NF-κB inhibitory activity, compounds 3 (IC50 = 0.0071-0.0073 μM) and 2 (IC50 = 0.016-0.019 μM) being the most promising. Compound 1 (IC50 = 44.24-44.26 μM) had less anti-inflammatory potential, being also the closest to the values displayed by the positive control (Celastrol, IC50 = 7.41 μM). CONCLUSION In the present study, three compounds were isolated for the first time from the aqueous extract of Gnaphalium polycaulon. Their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory potential was tested and showcased.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Apaza Ticona
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Plza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M J Puerto Madorrán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Hervás Povo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A Rumbero Sánchez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Zhang L, Wang X, Wang D, Guo Y, Zhou X, Yu H. Adjuvant treatment with yupingfeng granules for recurrent respiratory tract infections in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1005745. [PMID: 36619520 PMCID: PMC9811950 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1005745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yupingfeng granules (YPFG) contribute to various chronic respiratory infections. Several clinical studies have evaluated its efficacy and safety in treating recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs) in children. However, the evidence for its use has not been conclusively proven. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of YPFG in the adjuvant treatment of RRTIs in children. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, Sinomad, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of YPFG adjuvant therapy for children with RRTIs as of September 1, 2022. We screened the literature for inclusion and exclusion criteria, assessed the quality of each included literature, and then extracted data from each study for this systematic review and meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 17 RCTs were included. Data analysis showed that the total clinical response rate in the YPFG group was significantly higher than that in the control group [risk ratio (RR) = 1.18, 95%CI (1.12, 1.24), I 2 = 39%, P < 0.00001]. Compared with the control group, three serum immunoglobulin levels were significantly increased in the YPFG group: IgA level [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.23, 95%CI (0.68, 1.78), I 2 = 95%, P < 0.0001]; IgM level [SMD = 0.85, 95%CI (0.35, 1.35), I 2 = 93%, P = 0.0009]; IgG level [SMD = 1.06, 95%CI (0.65, 1.47), I 2 = 91%, P < 0.00001]. The TNF-α level was significantly lower in the YPFG group [SMD = -1.03, 95%CI (-1.55, -0.51), I 2 = 84%, P = 0.0001] compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS In summary, adjuvant YPFG therapy improves clinical efficacy and immunity in children with RRTIs. However, the effectiveness and safety of YPFG remain to be further verified. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION [https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-3-0150/], identifier [INPLASY202230150].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuqiong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinling Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinying Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Caffarelli C, Santamaria F, Procaccianti M, Piro E, delle Cave V, Borrelli M, Santoro A, Grassi F, Bernasconi S, Corsello G. Developments in pediatrics in 2020: choices in allergy, autoinflammatory disorders, critical care, endocrinology, genetics, infectious diseases, microbiota, neonatology, neurology, nutrition, ortopedics, respiratory tract illnesses and rheumatology. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:232. [PMID: 34876198 PMCID: PMC8650733 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we describe the advances in the field of pediatrics that have been published in the Italian Journal of Pediatrics in 2020. We report progresses in understanding allergy, autoinflammatory disorders, critical care, endocrinology, genetics, infectious diseases, microbiota, neonatology, neurology, nutrition, orthopedics, respiratory tract illnesses, rheumatology in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Caffarelli
- Clinica Pediatrica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Santamaria
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Procaccianti
- Clinica Pediatrica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14 Parma, Italy
| | - Ettore Piro
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care ‘’G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria delle Cave
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Melissa Borrelli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelica Santoro
- Clinica Pediatrica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14 Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Grassi
- Clinica Pediatrica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care ‘’G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Ricciardolo FLM, Sprio AE, Baroso A, Gallo F, Riccardi E, Bertolini F, Carriero V, Arrigo E, Ciprandi G. Characterization of T2-Low and T2-High Asthma Phenotypes in Real-Life. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111684. [PMID: 34829913 PMCID: PMC8615363 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous and complex condition characterized by chronic airway inflammation, which may be clinically stratified into three main phenotypes: type 2 (T2) low, T2-high allergic, and T2-high non-allergic asthma. This real-world study investigated whether phenotyping patients with asthma using non-invasive parameters could be feasible to characterize the T2-low and T2-high asthma phenotypes in clinical practice. This cross-sectional observational study involved asthmatic outpatients (n = 503) referring to the Severe Asthma Centre of the San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital. Participants were stratified according to the patterns of T2 inflammation and atopic sensitization. Among outpatients, 98 (19.5%) patients had T2-low asthma, 127 (25.2%) T2-high non-allergic, and 278 (55.3%) had T2-high allergic phenotype. In comparison to T2-low, allergic patients were younger (OR 0.945, p < 0.001) and thinner (OR 0.913, p < 0.001), had lower smoke exposure (OR 0.975, p < 0.001) and RV/TLC% (OR 0.950, p < 0.001), higher prevalence of asthma severity grade 5 (OR 2.236, p < 0.05), more frequent rhinitis (OR 3.491, p < 0.001) and chronic rhinosinusitis with (OR 2.650, p < 0.001) or without (OR 1.919, p < 0.05) nasal polyps, but less common arterial hypertension (OR 0.331, p < 0.001). T2-high non-allergic patients had intermediate characteristics. Non-invasive phenotyping of asthmatic patients is possible in clinical practice. Identifying characteristics in the three main asthma phenotypes could pave the way for further investigations on useful biomarkers for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Luigi Massimo Ricciardolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (A.E.S.); (A.B.); (E.R.); (F.B.); (V.C.); (E.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Elio Sprio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (A.E.S.); (A.B.); (E.R.); (F.B.); (V.C.); (E.A.)
- Department of Research, ASOMI College of Sciences, 19112 Marsa, Malta
| | - Andrea Baroso
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (A.E.S.); (A.B.); (E.R.); (F.B.); (V.C.); (E.A.)
| | - Fabio Gallo
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Elisa Riccardi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (A.E.S.); (A.B.); (E.R.); (F.B.); (V.C.); (E.A.)
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (A.E.S.); (A.B.); (E.R.); (F.B.); (V.C.); (E.A.)
| | - Vitina Carriero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (A.E.S.); (A.B.); (E.R.); (F.B.); (V.C.); (E.A.)
| | - Elisa Arrigo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (A.E.S.); (A.B.); (E.R.); (F.B.); (V.C.); (E.A.)
| | - Giorgio Ciprandi
- Allergy Clinic, Casa di Cura Villa Montallegro, 16145 Genoa, Italy;
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Shao T, Verma HK, Pande B, Costanzo V, Ye W, Cai Y, Bhaskar LVKS. Physical Activity and Nutritional Influence on Immune Function: An Important Strategy to Improve Immunity and Health Status. Front Physiol 2021; 12:751374. [PMID: 34690818 PMCID: PMC8531728 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.751374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and nutrition are the essential components of a healthy lifestyle, as they can influence energy balance, promote functional ability of various systems and improve immunity. Infections and their associated symptoms are the common and frequent challenges to human health that are causing severe economic and social consequences around the world. During aging, human immune system undergoes dramatic aging-related changes/dysfunctions known as immunosenescence. Clinically, immunosenescence refers to the gradual deterioration of immune system that increases exposure to infections, and reduces vaccine efficacy. Such phenomenon is linked to impaired immune responses that lead to dysfunction of multiple organs, while lack of physical activity, progressive loss of muscle mass, and concomitant decline in muscle strength facilitate immunosenescence and inflammation. In the present review, we have discussed the role of nutrition and PA, which can boost the immune system alone and synergistically. Evidence suggests that long-term PA is beneficial in improving immune system and preventing various infections. We have further discussed several nutritional strategies for improving the immune system. Unfortunately, the available evidence shows conflicting results. In terms of interaction with food intake, PA does not tend to increase energy intake during a short time course. However, overcoming nutritional deficiencies appears to be the most practical recommendation. Through the balanced nutritious diet intake one can fulfill the bodily requirement of optimal nutrition that significantly impacts the immune system. Supplementation of a single nutrient as food is generally not advisable. Rather incorporating various fruits and vegetables, whole grains, proteins and probiotics may ensure adequate nutrient intake. Therefore, multi-nutrient supplements may benefit people having deficiency in spite of sufficient diet. Along with PA, supplementation of probiotics, bovine colostrum, plant-derived products and functional foods may provide additional benefits in improving the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Shao
- College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Department of Immunopathology, Institute of lungs Biology and Disease, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Babita Pande
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Raipur, India
| | - Vincenzo Costanzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Weibing Ye
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yuyan Cai
- Department of Physical Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - L V K S Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
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Timalsina D, Pokhrel KP, Bhusal D. Pharmacologic Activities of Plant-Derived Natural Products on Respiratory Diseases and Inflammations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1636816. [PMID: 34646882 PMCID: PMC8505070 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1636816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory inflammation is caused by an air-mediated disease induced by polluted air, smoke, bacteria, and viruses. The COVID-19 pandemic is also a kind of respiratory disease, induced by a virus causing a serious effect on the lungs, bronchioles, and pharynges that results in oxygen deficiency. Extensive research has been conducted to find out the potent natural products that help to prevent, treat, and manage respiratory diseases. Traditionally, wider floras were reported to be used, such as Morus alba, Artemisia indica, Azadirachta indica, Calotropis gigantea, but only some of the potent compounds from some of the plants have been scientifically validated. Plant-derived natural products such as colchicine, zingerone, forsythiaside A, mangiferin, glycyrrhizin, curcumin, and many other compounds are found to have a promising effect on treating and managing respiratory inflammation. In this review, current clinically approved drugs along with the efficacy and side effects have been studied. The study also focuses on the traditional uses of medicinal plants on reducing respiratory complications and their bioactive phytoconstituents. The pharmacological evidence of lowering respiratory complications by plant-derived natural products has been critically studied with detailed mechanism and action. However, the scientific validation of such compounds requires clinical study and evidence on animal and human models to replace modern commercial medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Timalsina
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
| | | | - Deepti Bhusal
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
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Kua KP, Lee DSWH. Home environmental interventions for prevention of respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2021; 36:297-307. [PMID: 33544536 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Poor housing conditions have been associated with increased risks of respiratory infections. This review aims to determine whether modifying the physical environment of the home has benefits in reducing respiratory infections. CONTENT We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of home environmental interventions for preventing respiratory tract infections. Ten electronic databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials published from inception to July 31, 2020. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to assess the study outcomes. Our search identified 14 eligible studies across 12 countries, which comprised 87,428 households in total. The type of interventions on home environment included kitchen appliance and design, water supply and sanitation, house insulation, and home heating. Meta-analysis indicated a potential benefit of home environmental interventions in preventing overall respiratory tract infections (Absolute RR=0.89, 95% CI=0.78-1.01, p=0.07; Pooled adjusted RR=0.72, 95% CI=0.63-0.84, p<0.0001). Subgroup analyses depicted that home environmental interventions had no significant impact on lower respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, and severe pneumonia. A protective effect against respiratory infections was observed in high income country setting (RR=0.82, 95% CI=0.78-0.87, p<0.00001). SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK Home environmental interventions have the potential to reduce morbidity of respiratory tract infections. The lack of significant impact from stand-alone housing interventions suggests that multicomponent interventions should be implemented in tandem with high-quality health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Pim Kua
- Puchong Health Clinic, Petaling District Health Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Petaling, Malaysia
| | - Dr Shaun Wen Huey Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Asian Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Population, Implementation, and Clinical Outcomes (PICO), Health and Well-being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) Platform, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Gerontechnology Laboratory, Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) Platform, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ciprandi G, La Mantia I, Damiani V, Passali D. Local Bacteriotherapy - a promising preventive tool in recurrent respiratory infections. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 16:1047-1052. [PMID: 33022191 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1833720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children with recurrent respiratory infections (RRI) represent a social issue for the economic burden and the negative family impact. Local Bacteriotherapy is an attractive therapeutic strategy that could be potentially effective in preventing infections. The current article remarks on the existing evidence of preventing RRI by Local Bacteriotherapy. AREAS COVERED The literature search methodology was based on the articles cited by PubMed from 1980 to 2020. Respiratory infections include rhino-pharyngitis, otitis media, rhinosinusitis, pharyngo-tracheitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Several studies were performed to investigate the effects of Local Bacteriotherapy in children with RRI. Both intranasal and oral Local Bacteriotherapy were evaluated. The findings showed that Local Bacteriotherapy significantly reduced the number of RI episodes, their severity, the use of antibiotics, and school absences. EXPERT OPINION Local Bacteriotherapy is a promising approach to RRI prevention and could be a profitable strategy to contrast infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valerio Damiani
- Medical Department, Drugs Minerals and Generics , Pomezia, Italy
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