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Talapko J, Juzbašić M, Meštrović T, Matijević T, Mesarić D, Katalinić D, Erić S, Milostić-Srb A, Flam J, Škrlec I. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: From the Oral Cavity to the Heart Valves. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1451. [PMID: 39065217 PMCID: PMC11279289 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetecomitans) is a Gram-negative bacterial species that is an essential component of the oral microbiota. Due to its aggregative properties, it plays a role in the pathogenesis of human diseases. The presence of the surface proteins Fim, Briae, and microvesicles enables the bacterium to adhere to the epithelial surface and the tooth's surface. The presence of leukotoxin A (LtxA), which plays an important role in the pathogenicity of the bacterium, has been associated with both periodontitis and the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A. actinomycetecomitans is also associated with several other systemic diseases and complications, such as endocarditis and different abscesses. In addition to leukotoxin A, A. actinomycetecomitans possesses several different virulence factors, including bacteriocins, chemotaxis inhibitory factors, cytotoxic factors, Fc-binding proteins, immunosuppressive factors, lipopolysaccharide collagenase, fibroblast inhibitory factors, antibiotic resistance determinants, adhesins, invasive factors and factors that inhibit the function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The ability of A. actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide to induce macrophages to secrete the interleukins IL-1, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is of considerable importance. The primary etiologic factor in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease is the oral biofilm colonized by anaerobic bacteria. Among these, A. actinomycetemcomitans occupies an important place as a facultative anaerobic bacterium. In addition, A. actinomycetemcomitans possesses many virulence factors that contribute to its potential to cause cancer. This article provides an overview of the virulence factors of A. actinomycetecomitans and its association with various systemic diseases, its oncogenic potential, and the treatment options for infections caused by A. actinomycetecomitans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Talapko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (D.K.)
| | - Martina Juzbašić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (D.K.)
| | - Tomislav Meštrović
- University Centre Varaždin, University North, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department for Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tatjana Matijević
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (D.K.)
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Clinical Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dora Mesarić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (D.K.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Darko Katalinić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (D.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Suzana Erić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (D.K.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Andrea Milostić-Srb
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (D.K.)
| | - Josipa Flam
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Škrlec
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (D.K.)
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Karila-Cohen J, Kerner S, Blondiaux E, Vimont S, Odièvre MH, Fournier B, Grimprel E, Lorrot M, Romain AS. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans infection in children: two case reports and a review of the literature. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:1487-1493. [PMID: 38780754 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), a Gram-negative coccobacillus commonly associated with endocarditis, poses a rare diagnostic challenge in pediatric cases. The presentation of two pediatric cases-myositis and chest mass-highlights novel aspects, including unusual symptom presentations in children which can be mistaken for malignancy. The limited sensitivity of standard blood tests complicates diagnosis, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Representative samples must be taken, especially if blood cultures are negative. Despite advances in detection methods, diagnosing Aa infection remains difficult due to its rarity in children and variable clinical presentation. In conclusion, a comprehensive understanding of Aa infection in children is essential for early and effective diagnostic and therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Karila-Cohen
- Department of General Pediatrics, Trousseau Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - S Kerner
- Dental Faculty, Rothschild Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Universite Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - E Blondiaux
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Trousseau Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - S Vimont
- Department of Bacteriology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - M H Odièvre
- Department of General Pediatrics, Trousseau Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - B Fournier
- Dental Faculty, Rothschild Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Universite Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - E Grimprel
- Department of General Pediatrics, Trousseau Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique (GPIP), 06200, Nice, France
| | - M Lorrot
- Department of General Pediatrics, Trousseau Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique (GPIP), 06200, Nice, France
| | - A S Romain
- Department of General Pediatrics, Trousseau Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique (GPIP), 06200, Nice, France
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Rams TE, Freedman IS, Chialastri SM, Slots J. Systemic ciprofloxacin treatment of multidrug-resistant Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in severe periodontitis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 108:116162. [PMID: 38113673 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
An adult periodontitis patient treated with mechanical/surgical therapy experienced gingival necrosis and granulomas post-treatment. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a tissue-invasive pathogen, was recovered and multidrug-resistant but susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Systemic ciprofloxacin eliminated A. actinomycetemcomitans with marked clinical improvement. Ciprofloxacin may be prescribed for A. actinomycetemcomitans periodontal infection unresponsive to the common amoxicillin-metronidazole treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Rams
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Ira S Freedman
- Department of Periodontics, Nova Southeastern University College of Dental Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Susan M Chialastri
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jørgen Slots
- Division of Periodontology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Southern California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Romero-Martínez R, Maher A, Àlvarez G, Figueiredo R, León R, Arredondo A. Whole Genome Sequencing and Phenotypic Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance in Filifactor alocis Isolates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1059. [PMID: 37370380 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is scarce knowledge regarding the antimicrobial resistance profile of F. alocis. Therefore, the objective of this research was to assess antimicrobial resistance in recently obtained F. alocis clinical isolates and to identify the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes. Isolates were obtained from patients with periodontal or peri-implant diseases and confirmed by sequencing their 16S rRNA gene. Confirmed isolates had their genome sequenced by whole genome sequencing and their phenotypical resistance to nine antibiotics (amoxicillin clavulanate, amoxicillin, azithromycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, minocycline, metronidazole, and tetracycline) tested by E-test strips. Antimicrobial resistance genes were detected in six of the eight isolates analyzed, of which five carried tet(32) and one erm(B). Overall, susceptibility to the nine antibiotics tested was high except for azithromycin in the isolate that carried erm(B). Moreover, susceptibility to tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline was lower in those isolates that carried tet(32). The genetic surroundings of the detected genes suggested their inclusion in mobile genetic elements that might be transferrable to other bacteria. These findings suggest that, despite showing high susceptibility to several antibiotics, F. alocis might obtain new antimicrobial resistance traits due to its acceptance of mobile genetic elements with antibiotic resistance genes in their genome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anushiravan Maher
- Oral Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Àlvarez
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rui Figueiredo
- Oral Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén León
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
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