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Carpenter-Clawson C, Watson M, Pope A, Lynch K, Miles T, Bell D, Talbot M, Varadi A. Competencies of the UK nursing and midwifery workforce to mainstream genomics in the National Health Service: the ongoing gap between perceived importance and confidence in genomics. Front Genet 2023; 14:1125599. [PMID: 37396047 PMCID: PMC10312078 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1125599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The United Kingdom is recognised worldwide as a leader in genomics. The use of genomic technologies in the National Health Service (NHS) is expected to deliver faster and more accurate diagnoses, supporting personalized treatments to improve patient outcomes. The ambition of embedding genomic medicine in the diagnostic pathway requires involvement of the front-line clinical workforce, known as 'mainstreaming'. Nurses and midwives are the largest professionally qualified workforce in the National Health Service thus, it is anticipated that they will play key roles in mainstreaming. This study investigated the level of competence/confidence of practicing nurses and midwives to support mainstreaming and their perception of the importance of genomics in delivery of patient care. A literature review of genetics/genomics competency frameworks, semi structured interviews of lead nurses and stakeholders were conducted to identify relevant competencies needed for mainstreaming. These were then used to survey four cohorts of nurses (n = 153) across England in four consecutive years (2019-22). The confidence level of these professionals in all aspects of genomics was 2.07 ± 0.47 measured on a 5-point Likert scale (1"Low confidence"; 5 "High confidence"). Intriguingly, these professionals all appreciated the importance of genomics for their patient care (4.01 ± 0.06). Whilst the importance scores increased, the confidence scores declined at the time when major genomic transformation took place in the NHS (e.g.: launch of the Genomic Medicine Service, the National Genomic Test Directory). To bridge this gap, relevant genomic education can play key roles. However, nurses and midwives were found to be grossly underrepresented in formal genomic education courses offered by Health Education England Genomics Education Programme since 2014. This may result from the lack of direct applicability of the currently offered courses for their practice and role. Thematic analysis revealed that nurses and midwives wish to support their patients by providing more information on their condition, inheritance, and treatment options in combination with the use of relevant genetic counselling skills. This study identified easy to follow competencies for embedding genomics into routine clinical care. We propose a training programme that addresses the gap that nurses and midwives currently have, to enable them to harness genomic opportunities for patients and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Carpenter-Clawson
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Watson
- South West Genomic Laboratory Hub, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Pope
- Genomics Education Programme, Health Education England, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen Lynch
- Genomics Education Programme, Health Education England, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tracie Miles
- NHS Southwest Genomic Medicine Service Alliance, Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Dany Bell
- Macmillan Cancer Support, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aniko Varadi
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Villegas-Ruíz V, Medina-Vera I, Arellano-Perdomo P, Castillo-Villanueva A, Galván-Diaz CA, Paredes-Aguilera R, Rivera-Luna R, Juárez-Méndez S. Low Expression of BRCA1 as a Potential Relapse Predictor in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2023; 45:e167-e173. [PMID: 36730467 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common childhood hematological malignancy worldwide. Treatment outcomes have improved dramatically in recent years; despite this, relapse is still a problem, and the potential molecular explanation for this remains an important field of study. We performed microarray and single-cell RNA-Seq data mining, and we selected significant data with a P -value<0.05. We validated BRCA1 gene expression by means of quantitative (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.) We performed statistical analysis and considered a P -value<0.05 significant. We identified the overexpression of breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1; P -value=2.52 -134 ), by means of microarray analysis. Moreover, the normal distribution of BRCA1 expression in healthy bone marrow. In addition, we confirmed the increases in BRCA1 expression using real-time (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and determined that it was significantly reduced in patients with relapse ( P -values=0.026). Finally, we identified that the expression of the BRCA1 gene could predict early relapse ( P -values=0.01). We determined that low expression of BRCA1 was associated with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapse and could be a potential molecular prognostic marker.
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Imyanitov EN, Kuligina ES, Sokolenko AP, Suspitsin EN, Yanus GA, Iyevleva AG, Ivantsov AO, Aleksakhina SN. Hereditary cancer syndromes. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:40-68. [PMID: 36908677 PMCID: PMC9993141 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i2.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cancer syndromes (HCSs) are arguably the most frequent category of Mendelian genetic diseases, as at least 2% of presumably healthy subjects carry highly-penetrant tumor-predisposing pathogenic variants (PVs). Hereditary breast-ovarian cancer and Lynch syndrome make the highest contribution to cancer morbidity; in addition, there are several dozen less frequent types of familial tumors. The development of the majority albeit not all hereditary malignancies involves two-hit mechanism, i.e. the somatic inactivation of the remaining copy of the affected gene. Earlier studies on cancer families suggested nearly fatal penetrance for the majority of HCS genes; however, population-based investigations and especially large-scale next-generation sequencing data sets demonstrate that the presence of some highly-penetrant PVs is often compatible with healthy status. Hereditary cancer research initially focused mainly on cancer detection and prevention. Recent studies identified multiple HCS-specific drug vulnerabilities, which translated into the development of highly efficient therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny N Imyanitov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S Kuligina
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Anna P Sokolenko
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Suspitsin
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Grigoriy A Yanus
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Aglaya G Iyevleva
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Alexandr O Ivantsov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Svetlana N Aleksakhina
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
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Imyanitov EN, Iyevleva AG. Molecular tests for prediction of tumor sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs. Cancer Lett 2022; 526:41-52. [PMID: 34808283 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy constitutes the backbone of cancer treatment. Several predictive assays assist personalized administration of cytotoxic drugs and are recommended for use in a clinical setting. The deficiency of DNA repair by homologous recombination (HRD), which is caused by inactivation of BRCA1/2 genes or other genetic events, is associated with high tumor responsiveness to platinum compounds, bifunctional alkylating agents and topoisomerase II poisons. Low activity of MGMT predicts the efficacy of nitrosoureas and tetrazines. Some clinically established pharmacogenetic tests allow for the adjustment of drug dosage, for example, the analysis of DPYD allelic variants for administration of fluoropyrimidines and UGT1A1 genotyping for the use of irinotecan. While there are promising molecular predictors of tumor sensitivity to pemetrexed, gemcitabine and taxanes, they remain in the investigational stage and require additional validation. Comprehensive molecular analysis of tumors obtained from drug responders and non-responders is likely to reveal new clinically useful predictive markers for cytotoxic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny N Imyanitov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, 197758, Russia; Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg, 194100, Russia; Department of Oncology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St.-Petersburg, 191015, Russia.
| | - Aglaya G Iyevleva
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, 197758, Russia; Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg, 194100, Russia
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5
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Aleksakhina SN, Imyanitov EN. Cancer Therapy Guided by Mutation Tests: Current Status and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010931. [PMID: 34681592 PMCID: PMC8536080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of many cancer drugs is tailored to genetic tests. Some genomic events, e.g., alterations of EGFR or BRAF oncogenes, result in the conformational change of the corresponding proteins and call for the use of mutation-specific compounds. Other genetic perturbations, e.g., HER2 amplifications, ALK translocations or MET exon 14 skipping mutations, cause overproduction of the entire protein or its kinase domain. There are multilocus assays that provide integrative characteristics of the tumor genome, such as the analysis of tumor mutation burden or deficiency of DNA repair. Treatment planning for non-small cell lung cancer requires testing for EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, MET, RET and KRAS gene alterations. Colorectal cancer patients need to undergo KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, HER2 and microsatellite instability analysis. The genomic examination of breast cancer includes testing for HER2 amplification and PIK3CA activation. Melanomas are currently subjected to BRAF and, in some instances, KIT genetic analysis. Predictive DNA assays have also been developed for thyroid cancers, cholangiocarcinomas and urinary bladder tumors. There is an increasing utilization of agnostic testing which involves the analysis of all potentially actionable genes across all tumor types. The invention of genomically tailored treatment has resulted in a spectacular improvement in disease outcomes for a significant portion of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N. Aleksakhina
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, 194100 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny N. Imyanitov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, 194100 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-812-439-95-28
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Imyanitov EN. Cytotoxic and targeted therapy for BRCA1/2-driven cancers. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2021; 19:36. [PMID: 34454564 PMCID: PMC8399736 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-021-00193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors arising in BRCA1/2 germline mutation carriers usually demonstrate somatic loss of the remaining BRCA1/2 allele and increased sensitivity to platinum compounds, anthracyclines, mitomycin C and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). Exposure to conventional platinum-based therapy or PARPi results in the restoration of BRCA1/2 function and development of resistance to systemic therapy, therefore, there is a need for other treatment options. Some studies suggested that the use of specific drug combinations or administration of high-dose chemotherapy may result in pronounced tumor responses. BRCA1/2-driven tumors are characterized by increased immunogenicity; promising efficacy of immune therapy has been demonstrated in a number of preclinical and clinical investigations. There are outstanding issues, which require further consideration. Platinum compounds and PARPi have very similar mode of antitumor action and are likely to render cross-resistance to each other, so their optimal position in cancer treatment schemes may be a subject of additional studies. Sporadic tumors with somatically acquired inactivation of BRCA1/2 or related genes resemble hereditary neoplasms with regard to the spectrum of drug sensitivity; the development of user-friendly BRCAness tests presents a challenge. Many therapeutic decisions are now based on the BRCA1/2 status, so the significant reduction of the turn-around time for predictive laboratory assays is of particular importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny N Imyanitov
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Pesochny, Saint-Petersburg, 197758, Russia. .,St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, 194100, Russia. .,I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St.-Petersburg, 191015, Russia.
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7
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Imyanitov E, Sokolenko A. Mechanisms of acquired resistance of BRCA1/2-driven tumors to platinum compounds and PARP inhibitors. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:544-556. [PMID: 34367927 PMCID: PMC8317650 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i7.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular pathogenesis of tumors arising in BRCA1/2 germ-line mutation carriers usually includes somatic inactivation of the remaining allele of the involved gene. Consequently, BRCA1/2-driven cancers are sensitive to platinum-based therapy and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). Long-term exposure to these drugs may result in the emergence of secondary BRCA1/2 mutations, which restore the open-reading frame of the affected allele. This platinum/PARPi cross-resistance mechanism applies both for BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes and has been repeatedly validated in various laboratory models and multiple clinical studies. There are some other routes associated with the partial rescue of BRCA1/2 function or the development of BRCA1/2-independent pathways for genomic maintenance; however, their actual clinical relevance remains to be established. In addition, studies on the short-term neoadjuvant therapy for ovarian cancer revealed that even chemonaive BRCA1-driven tumors contain a small proportion of BRCA1-proficient cells. These pre-existing cells with retained BRCA1 heterozygosity rapidly repopulate the tumor mass during platinum exposure, but become outcompeted by BRCA1-deficient cells during therapy holidays. Understanding of the platinum/PARPi resistance pathways has led to the development of novel therapeutic approaches, which aim to improve the management of BRCA1/2-related cancers and are currently undergoing preclinical and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Imyanitov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 194100, Russia
- Department of Oncology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 191015, Russia
| | - Anna Sokolenko
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 194100, Russia
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Sokolenko AP, Gorodnova TV, Bizin IV, Kuligina ES, Kotiv KB, Romanko AA, Ermachenkova TI, Ivantsov AO, Preobrazhenskaya EV, Sokolova TN, Broyde RV, Imyanitov EN. Molecular predictors of the outcome of paclitaxel plus carboplatin neoadjuvant therapy in high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 88:439-450. [PMID: 34080040 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) are usually treated with paclitaxel and carboplatin; however, predictive markers for this drug combination are unknown. METHODS Tumor samples from 71 consecutive HGSOC patients, who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin, were subjected to molecular analysis. RESULTS BRCA1/2 germline mutation carriers (n = 22) had longer treatment-free interval (TFI) than non-carriers (n = 49) (9.5 months vs. 3.8 months; P = 0.007). Fifty-one HGSOCs had sufficient quality of tumor DNA for the next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis by the SeqCap EZ CNV/LOH Backbone Design panel. All 13 tumors obtained from BRCA1/2 germline mutation carriers and 12 sporadic HGSOCs showed a high number of evenly spread chromosomal breaks, which was defined as a BRCAness phenotype; median TFI for this combined group approached 9.5 months. The remaining 26 HGSOCs had similarly high global LOH score (above 20%); however, in contrast to BRCAness tumors, LOH involved large chromosomal segments; these patients had significantly lower TFI (3.7 months; P = 0.006). All patients with CCNE1 amplification (n = 7), TP53 R175H substitution (n = 6), and RB1 mutation (n = 4) had poor response to paclitaxel plus carboplatin. CONCLUSION This study describes a cost-efficient method of detecting the BRCAness phenotype, which is compatible with the laboratory-scale NGS equipment. Some molecular predictors allow the identification of potential non-responders to paclitaxel plus carboplatin, who may need to be considered for other treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Sokolenko
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, 197758, Russia. .,Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, 194100, Russia.
| | - Tatiana V Gorodnova
- Department of Oncogynecology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Ilya V Bizin
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Sh Kuligina
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Khristina B Kotiv
- Department of Oncogynecology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Alexandr A Romanko
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Tatiana I Ermachenkova
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Alexandr O Ivantsov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Elena V Preobrazhenskaya
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Sokolova
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | | | - Evgeny N Imyanitov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, 197758, Russia.,Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, 194100, Russia.,Department of Oncology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, 191015, Russia
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9
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Gorodnova TV, Sokolenko AP, Kotiv KB, Sokolova TN, Ivantsov AO, Guseynov KD, Nekrasova EA, Smirnova OA, Berlev IV, Imyanitov EN. Neoadjuvant therapy of BRCA1-driven ovarian cancer by combination of cisplatin, mitomycin C and doxorubicin. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2021; 19:14. [PMID: 33536037 PMCID: PMC7860626 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-021-00173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin, mitomycin C and anthracyclines demonstrate high activity in BRCA1-deficient tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the triplet combination of these drugs in BRCA1-driven high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOCs). METHODS Ten HGSOC patients with germ-line BRCA1 mutation received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) consisting of mitomycin C 10 mg/m2 (day 1), doxorubicin 30 mg/m2 (days 1 and 8) and cisplatin 80 mg/m2 (day 1), given every 4 weeks (MAP regimen). The comparator group included 16 women, who received standard NACT combination of paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 and carboplatin (6 AUC), given every 3 weeks (TCbP scheme). RESULTS None of the patients treated by the MAP scheme demonstrated complete pathologic response in ovaries, while 4 women showed absence of tumor cells in surgically excised omental specimens. When chemotherapy response scores (CRS) were considered, poor responsiveness (CRS 1) was not observed in the MAP group, but was common for the TCbP regimen (6/16 (38 %) for ovaries and 5/16 (31 %) for omentum; p = 0.05 and 0.12, respectively). Median treatment-free interval (TFI) was not reached in women treated by the MAP, but was 9.5 months for the TCbP scheme (p = 0.1). The rate of the recurrence within 1 year after the completion of the treatment was 4/10 (40 %) for the MAP and 10/13 (77 %) for the TCbP (p = 0.1). CONCLUSIONS The attempt to intensify NACT by administering combination of 3 drugs did not result in high rate of complete pathologic responses. However, there was a trend towards higher efficacy of the MAP regimen versus conventional TCbP scheme with regard to CRS and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna P Sokolenko
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, 194100, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Alexandr O Ivantsov
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, 194100, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Olga A Smirnova
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor V Berlev
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, 195067, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Imyanitov
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758, Saint-Petersburg, Russia. .,St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, 194100, Saint-Petersburg, Russia. .,I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, 195067, St.-Petersburg, Russia.
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Bu L, Hameed NUF, Luo C, Hong P, Zhou X, Wang S, Wu S. Germline ALK variations are associated with a poor prognosis in glioma and IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2021; 152:27-36. [PMID: 33486679 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03676-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor. Clear classification is crucial for accurate diagnosis and individualized treatment. Histopathological characteristics and genetic alterations have shown to be related to prognosis and treatment response. Germline variants are important components of genetic alterations. However, the distribution of germline variations in glioma patients and their association with survival remain unknown. METHODS We carried out whole-exome sequencing on 99 cases to explore germline variants in glioma. We also analyzed the association of germline variants with clinicopathological features and other prognostic indicators. RESULTS All the glioma cases harbored rare germline variants. Germline ALK variants (gALK-Mut) were identified in 12/99 (12.12%) patients. The gALK-Mut patients had significantly shorter overall survival than germline ALK wildtype (gALK-WT) patients in the all glioma group (99 cases) and the subset of patients with IDH-wildtype glioblastoma (IDH-WT-GBM, 39 cases) (P = 0.013 and 0.027, respectively). The gALK-Mut patients also had higher frequency of BIRC5, PIK3CA and RPN1 somatic mutations than the gALK-WT patients in IDH-WT-GBM. Other confounding factors appeared to contribute to patient survival. The subgroup of patients in IDH-WT-GBM with gALK-Mut/TP53-Mut had worse prognosis than the gALK-WT/TP53-Mut subgroup (P = 0.031); The gALK-Mut/TERT-WT and gALK-Mut/TERT-Mut subgroups both had a worse prognosis than the gALK-WT/TERT-Mut subgroup (P = 0.031 and 0.018, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed ALK variation was an independent indicator of poor prognosis in glioma and IDH-WT-GBM. It could be a promising biomarker and tractable therapeutic target for this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Bu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - N U Farrukh Hameed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengjie Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- GenomiCare Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.,, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengzhou Wang
- GenomiCare Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.,, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
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Ponomarev IV, Andrusenko YN, Topchiy S, Shakina L. Treatment of palpebral melanocytic nevi with a dual-wavelengths copper vapor laser. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2020. [DOI: 10.25208/vdv1138-2020-96-5-47-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired melanocytic nevi in aesthetically significant areas, especially palpebral nevi (PN), are becoming a frequent reason for patients to seek dermatologists. Surgical methods for removal of PN are reported to be associated with the risk of such side effects as scars and loss of eyelashes.
Aim of the study. To evaluate the efficacy of the removal of PN on the eyelid area with dual-wavelength radiation of a copper vapor laser (CVL).
Patients and methods. Laser removal of medium and large-sized PN (up to 10 mm) was performed in three fair-skin female patients. The procedures were carried out at an average CVL radiation power of 0.60.8 W, at a 3:2 ratio of radiation powers at wavelengths of 511 nm and 578 nm, exposure duration 0.3 s, light spot diameter 1 mm. The treatment was carried out during one session.
Results. Removal of PN with dual-wavelength CVL radiation allowed achieving a significant lightening and reduction of the involved area, without scars. The skin healing after the procedure lasted 2 weeks.
Conclusion. The high efficacy of the PN removing in the eyelid area using the dual-wavelength CVL radiation allows the introduction of this approach into dermatologists and cosmetologists clinical practice.
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12
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Ponomarev IV, Andrusenko YN, Topchiy S, Shakina L. Treatment of palpebral melanocytic nevi with a dual-wavelengths copper vapor laser. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2020. [DOI: 10.25208/vdv1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired melanocytic nevi in aesthetically significant areas, especially palpebral nevi (PN), are becoming a frequent reason for patients to seek dermatologists. Surgical methods for removal of PN are reported to be associated with the risk of such side effects as scars and loss of eyelashes.
Aim of the study. To evaluate the efficacy of the removal of PN on the eyelid area with dual-wavelength radiation of a copper vapor laser (CVL).
Patients and methods. Laser removal of medium and large-sized PN (up to 10 mm) was performed in three fair-skin female patients. The procedures were carried out at an average CVL radiation power of 0.60.8 W, at a 3:2 ratio of radiation powers at wavelengths of 511 nm and 578 nm, exposure duration 0.3 s, light spot diameter 1 mm. The treatment was carried out during one session.
Results. Removal of PN with dual-wavelength CVL radiation allowed achieving a significant lightening and reduction of the involved area, without scars. The skin healing after the procedure lasted 2 weeks.
Conclusion. The high efficacy of the PN removing in the eyelid area using the dual-wavelength CVL radiation allows the introduction of this approach into dermatologists and cosmetologists clinical practice.
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Avanesyan AA, Sokolenko AP, Ivantsov AO, Kleshchev MA, Maydin MA, Bizin IV, Raskin GA, Shelekhova KV, Gorodnova TV, Bessonov AA, Anisimova EI, Volynshchikova OA, Romanko AA, Ni VI, Broyde RV, Tkachenko OB, Whitehead AJ, Scherbakov AM, Imyanitov EN. Gastric Cancer in BRCA1 Germline Mutation Carriers: Results of Endoscopic Screening and Molecular Analysis of Tumor Tissues. Pathobiology 2020; 87:367-374. [PMID: 33161400 DOI: 10.1159/000511323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is some evidence suggesting a link between BRCA1/2 germline mutations and increased risk of gastric cancer. METHODS Endoscopic screening for stomach malignancies was performed in 120 BRCA1 mutation carriers in order to evaluate the probability of detecting the tumor disease. RESULTS No instances of gastric cancer were revealed at the first visit. The analysis of atrophic changes performed by OLGA (Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment) criteria revealed that OLGA stages I-IV alterations were observed in 26 of 41 (63%) subjects aged >50 years as compared to 29 of 79 (37%) in younger subjects (p = 0.007, χ2 test). One BRCA1 mutation carrier developed gastric cancer 4 years after the first visit for endoscopic examination. We performed next-generation sequencing analysis for this tumor and additional 4 archival gastric cancers obtained from BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Somatic loss of the remaining BRCA1/2 allele was observed in 3 out of 5 tumors analyzed; all of these carcinomas, but none of the malignancies with the retained BRCA1/2 copy, showed chromosomal instability. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data justify further studies on the relationships between the BRCA1/2 and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albina A Avanesyan
- Department of Endoscopy, City Cancer Center, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Department of Endoscopy, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Anna P Sokolenko
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, .,Department of Medical Genetics, St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation,
| | - Alexandr O Ivantsov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim A Kleshchev
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A Maydin
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya V Bizin
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Grigory A Raskin
- A.M. Granov Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ksenia V Shelekhova
- Department of Pathology, City Cancer Center, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana V Gorodnova
- Department of Oncogynecology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandr A Bessonov
- Department of Mammology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena I Anisimova
- Leningrad Regional Oncology Hospital, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A Volynshchikova
- Department of Clinical Management and Control, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandr A Romanko
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Valeria I Ni
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Robert V Broyde
- Department of Endoscopy, City Cancer Center, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg B Tkachenko
- Department of Endoscopy, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Aldon J Whitehead
- Medicine Internal Medicine Residency Program, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexandr M Scherbakov
- Department of Endoscopy, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny N Imyanitov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Department of Medical Genetics, St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Department of Oncology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
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14
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Preobrazhenskaya EV, Shleykina AU, Gorustovich OA, Martianov AS, Bizin IV, Anisimova EI, Sokolova TN, Chuinyshena SA, Kuligina ES, Togo AV, Belyaev AM, Ivantsov AO, Sokolenko AP, Imyanitov EN. Frequency and molecular characteristics of PALB2-associated cancers in Russian patients. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:203-210. [PMID: 32997802 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PALB2 is а high-penetrance gene for hereditary breast cancer (BC). Our study aimed to investigate the spectrum of PALB2 mutations in Russian cancer patients. PALB2 sequencing revealed pathogenic variants in 3/190 (1.6%) young-onset and/or familial and/or bilateral BC cases but none in 96 ovarian cancer (OC) or 172 pancreatic cancer patients. Subsequently, seven recurrent PALB2 pathogenic alleles were selected from this and previous Slavic studies and tested in an extended patient series. PALB2 pathogenic variants were detected in 5/585 (0.9%) "high-risk" BC, 10/1508 (0.7%) consecutive BC and 5/1802 (0.3%) OC cases. Haplotyping suggested that subjects with Slavic alleles c.509-510delGA (n = 10) and c.172-175delTTGT (n = 4) as well as carriers of Finnish c.1592delT mutation (n = 4) originated from a single founder each, while PALB2 p.R414X allele (n = 4) had at least two independent founders. Somatic loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was revealed in 5/10 chemonaive BCs and in 0/2 BC samples obtained after neoadjuvant therapy. Multigene sequencing identified somatic PALB2 inactivating point mutation in one out of two tumors without PALB2 LOH but in none of four BCs with PALB2 LOH. Genomic instability, as determined by NGS, was observed in four out of five tumors with biallelic PALB2 inactivation but not in the BC sample with the preserved wild-type PALB2 allele. PALB2 germ-line mutations contribute to a small fraction of cancer cases in Russia. The majority although not all PALB2-driven BCs have somatic inactivation of the remaining PALB2 allele and therefore potential sensitivity to platinum compounds and PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Preobrazhenskaya
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia.,St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical and Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Ilya V Bizin
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Tatjana N Sokolova
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical and Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ekatherina Sh Kuligina
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia.,St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandr V Togo
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia.,St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical and Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey M Belyaev
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia.,I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandr O Ivantsov
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia.,St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna P Sokolenko
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia.,St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Imyanitov
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia.,St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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15
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Sokolenko AP, Sokolova TN, Ni VI, Preobrazhenskaya EV, Iyevleva AG, Aleksakhina SN, Romanko AA, Bessonov AA, Gorodnova TV, Anisimova EI, Savonevich EL, Bizin IV, Stepanov IA, Krivorotko PV, Berlev IV, Belyaev AM, Togo AV, Imyanitov EN. Frequency and spectrum of founder and non-founder BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in a large series of Russian breast cancer and ovarian cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 184:229-235. [PMID: 32776218 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spectrum of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in Slavic countries is characterized by a high prevalence of founder alleles. METHODS We analyzed a large data set of Russian breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) patients, who were subjected to founder mutation tests or full-length BRCA1 and BRCA2 analysis. RESULTS The most commonly applied test, which included four founder mutations (BRCA1: 5382insC, 4153delA, 185delAG; BRCA2: 6174delT), identified BRCA1 or BRCA2 heterozygosity in 399/8533 (4.7%) consecutive BC patients, 230/2317 (9.9%) OC patients, and 30/118 (25.4%) women with a combination of BC and OC. The addition of another four recurrent BRCA1 mutations to the test (BRCA1 C61G, 2080delA, 3819del5, 3875del4) resulted in evident increase in the number of identified mutation carriers (BC: 16/993 (1.6%); OC: 34/1289 (2.6%); BC + OC: 2/39 (5.1%)). Full-length sequencing of the entire BRCA1 and BRCA2 coding region was applied to 785 women, very most of whom demonstrated clinical signs of BRCA-driven disease, but turned out negative for all described above founder alleles. This analysis revealed additional BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers in 54/282 (19.1%) BC, 50/472 (10.6%) OC, and 13/31 (42%) BC + OC patients. The analysis of frequencies of founder and "rare" BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic alleles across various clinical subgroups (BC vs. OC vs. BC + OC; family history positive vs. negative; young vs. late-onset; none vs. single vs. multiple clinical indicators of BRCA1- or BRCA2-associated disease) revealed that comprehensive BRCA1 and BRCA2 analysis increased more than twice the number of identified mutation carriers in all categories of the examined women. CONCLUSION Full-length BRCA1 and BRCA2 sequencing is strongly advised to Slavic subjects, who have medical indications for BRCA1 and BRCA2 testing but are negative for recurrent BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Sokolenko
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia. .,Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Tatiana N Sokolova
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical and Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria I Ni
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena V Preobrazhenskaya
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical and Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aglaya G Iyevleva
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical and Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana N Aleksakhina
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical and Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr A Romanko
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandr A Bessonov
- Department of Mammology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Gorodnova
- Department of Oncogynecology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Elena L Savonevich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
| | - Ilya V Bizin
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya A Stepanov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Petr V Krivorotko
- Department of Mammology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor V Berlev
- Department of Oncogynecology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey M Belyaev
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Oncology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandr V Togo
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical and Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Imyanitov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Oncology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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16
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Chin XW, Ang ZLT, Tan RYC, Courtney E, Shaw T, Chen Y, Li S, Ngeow JYY. Use of telephone intake for family history taking at a cancer genetics service in Asia. J Genet Couns 2020; 29:1192-1199. [DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei Chin
- Cancer Genetics Service Division of Medical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore City Singapore
| | - Zoe L. T. Ang
- Cancer Genetics Service Division of Medical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore City Singapore
| | - Ryan Y. C. Tan
- Cancer Genetics Service Division of Medical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore City Singapore
| | - Eliza Courtney
- Cancer Genetics Service Division of Medical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore City Singapore
| | - Tarryn Shaw
- Cancer Genetics Service Division of Medical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore City Singapore
| | - Yanni Chen
- Cancer Genetics Service Division of Medical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore City Singapore
| | - Shao‐Tzu Li
- Cancer Genetics Service Division of Medical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore City Singapore
| | - Joanne Yuen Yie Ngeow
- Cancer Genetics Service Division of Medical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore City Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
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17
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Lara-Chacón B, Guerrero-Rodríguez SL, Ramírez-Hernández KJ, Robledo-Rivera AY, Velazquez MAV, Sánchez-Olea R, Calera MR. Gpn3 Is Essential for Cell Proliferation of Breast Cancer Cells Independent of Their Malignancy Degree. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 18:1533033819870823. [PMID: 31431135 PMCID: PMC6704425 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819870823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful therapies for patients with breast cancer often lose their initial effectiveness. Thus, identifying new molecular targets is a constant goal in the fight against breast cancer. Gpn3 is a protein required for RNA polymerase II nuclear targeting in both yeast and human cells. We investigated here the effect of suppressing Gpn3 expression on cell proliferation in a progression series of isogenic cell lines derived from the nontumorigenic MCF-10A breast cells that recapitulate different stages of breast carcinogenesis. Gpn3 protein levels were comparable in all malignant derivatives of the nontumorigenic MCF-10A cells. shRNA-mediated inhibition of Gpn3 expression markedly decreased cell proliferation in all MCF-10A sublines. A fraction of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit Rpb1 was retained in the cytoplasm, but most Rpb1 remained nuclear after suppressing Gpn3 in all cell lines studied. Long-term proliferation experiments in cells with suppressed Gpn3 expression resulted in the eventual loss of all isogenic cell lines but MCF-10CA1d.cl1. In MCF-10CA1d.cl1 cells, Gpn3 knockdown reduced the proliferation of breast cancer stem cells as evaluated by mammosphere assays. After the identification that Gpn3 plays a key role in cell proliferation in mammary epithelial cells independent of the degree of transformation, we also analyzed the importance of Gpn3 in other human breast cancer cell lines from different subtypes. Gpn3 was also required for cell proliferation and nuclear translocation of RNA polymerase II in such cellular models. Altogether, our results show that Gpn3 is essential for breast cancer cell proliferation regardless of the transformation level, indicating that Gpn3 could be considered a molecular target for the development of new antiproliferative therapies. Importantly, our analysis of public data revealed that Gpn3 overexpression was associated with a significant decrease in overall survival in patients with estrogen receptor-positive and Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2+) breast cancer, supporting our proposal that targeting Gpn3 could potentially benefit patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Lara-Chacón
- 1 Instituto de Fisica Manuel Sandoval Vallarta, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potos, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | | | - Karla J Ramírez-Hernández
- 1 Instituto de Fisica Manuel Sandoval Vallarta, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potos, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | | | - Marco Antonio Velasco Velazquez
- 2 Departamento de Farmacología y Unidad Periférica de Investigación en Biomedicina Traslacional, México city, México.,3 Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Sánchez-Olea
- 1 Instituto de Fisica Manuel Sandoval Vallarta, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potos, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Mónica Raquel Calera
- 1 Instituto de Fisica Manuel Sandoval Vallarta, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potos, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
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18
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Imyanitov EN, Kuligina ES. Systemic investigations into the molecular features of bilateral breast cancer for diagnostic purposes. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 20:41-47. [PMID: 31835926 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1705157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Many breast cancer (BC) patients develop the disease bilaterally. The emergence of two tumors in the same host is unlikely to be a random co-incidence: bilateral BC (biBC) patients are enriched by women who are susceptible to this disease due to genetic or non-genetic factors.Areas covered: Data on molecular pathogenesis and translational aspects of biBC research are summarized.Expert opinion: Studies on concordant and discordant molecular events occurring in paired tumors resemble twin studies, as they help to reveal core components of BC pathogenesis and to analyze interactions between host factors and tumor phenotype. Mutation profiling of biBC pairs suggested that most biBCs are clonally independent malignancies, although some instances of presumably contralateral metastatic spread were shown as well. Many biBCs, especially synchronous ones, demonstrate the similarity of essential tumor characteristics, which can be explained by sharing of genetic background, hormonal milieu, metabolic environment, and external exposures. biBC is strongly associated with BC-predisposing germline mutations; therefore, clinical management of biBC patients must include comprehensive genetic testing. Some contralateral metachronous BCs demonstrate high-level microsatellite instability (MSI-H). MSI-H is sometimes observed in radiation- and chemotherapy-induced tumors; therefore, it is possible that some second BCs are causally related to the therapy applied for the first cancer. MSI-H tumors are responsive to immune checkpoint blockade; hence, MSI-H analysis is advisable for biBC molecular testing. Systematic cataloging of biBC molecular portraits is likely to provide valuable information on fundamental aspects of cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny N Imyanitov
- Department of Tumour Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Oncology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekatherina Sh Kuligina
- Department of Tumour Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russia
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19
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Sokolenko AP, Bizin IV, Preobrazhenskaya EV, Gorodnova TV, Ivantsov AO, Iyevleva AG, Savonevich EL, Kotiv KB, Kuligina ES, Imyanitov EN. Molecular profiles of BRCA1-associated ovarian cancer treated by platinum-based therapy: Analysis of primary, residual and relapsed tumors. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:1879-1888. [PMID: 31693165 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our study aimed to analyze the evolution of molecular portraits of BRCA1-driven ovarian cancer (OC) during treatment. BRCA1 loss-of-heterozygosity status (LOH) and exome profiles were investigated in serial OC samples from 13 patients, which included primary tumors (n = 11) obtained before neoadjuvant therapy (NACT) or at primary debulking surgery, residual post-NACT cancer tissues (n = 13) and tumor relapses (16 samples from 13 patients). Loss of the wild-type BRCA1 allele was detected in 11/11 (100%) primary tumors, 6/13 (46%) residual post-NACT OC samples and 15/16 (94%) OC relapses. Full tumor triplets were available for four patients undergoing NACT; whereas primary carcinomas from these patients demonstrated BRCA1 LOH, the retention of the wild-type allele was detected in all four post-NACT residual tumors. These four women provided to the study 5 recurrent OC samples; 4 out of 5 tumor relapses had BRCA1 LOH thus resembling BRCA1 status observed in primary but not residual OC tissues. TP53 mutation was detected in 12 out of 13 patients and was retained across all serial samples. OC relapses tended to acquire additional intragenic mutations in genes involved in cell migration, adhesion and cell junction assembly. BRCA1-driven OCs demonstrate the plasticity of BRCA1 status during the treatment course. NACT results in rapid selection of pre-existing BRCA1-proficient cells. However, BRCA1 proficiency appears to be disadvantageous in the absence of platinum exposure, as tumor relapses usually re-acquire BRCA1 LOH during therapy holidays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Sokolenko
- Department of Tumour Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya V Bizin
- Department of Tumour Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena V Preobrazhenskaya
- Department of Tumour Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Gorodnova
- Department of Tumour Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander O Ivantsov
- Department of Tumour Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aglaya G Iyevleva
- Department of Tumour Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena L Savonevich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
| | - Khristina B Kotiv
- Department of Tumour Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Sh Kuligina
- Department of Tumour Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Imyanitov
- Department of Tumour Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russia
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20
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Aleksakhina SN, Kashyap A, Imyanitov EN. Mechanisms of acquired tumor drug resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:188310. [PMID: 31442474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.188310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemic therapy often results in the reduction of tumor size but rarely succeeds in eradicating all cancer cells. Drug efflux, persistence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and down-regulation of apoptosis are the most known general causes of therapy failure. Tumor escape from targeted compounds often involves pathway-specific mechanisms, which result in the restoration of the affected signaling cascade. The acquisition of drug resistance is mediated by mutations, changes in gene expression, alternative splicing, post-translational protein modifications, etc. Development of resistance to therapy may not necessary involve the emergence of new tumor clones: multiple studies demonstrate that even chemonaive neoplasms already have a small population of cells, which are capable of surviving therapeutic pressure and facilitating the disease progression. Use of combinations of cancer drugs, sequential therapy, adaptive therapy and topical ablation of drug-resistant malignant lumps may help to prolong the time to treatment failure. Many studies on mechanisms of drug resistance rely on the use of cell cultures and animal models. The development of approaches that allow efficient monitoring of the evolution of tumor phenotype in clinical setting presents a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N Aleksakhina
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Aniruddh Kashyap
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Imyanitov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia; Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia; Department of Oncology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St.-Petersburg 195067, Russia.
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21
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Park R, Winnicki M, Liu E, Chu WM. Immune checkpoints and cancer in the immunogenomics era. Brief Funct Genomics 2019; 18:133-139. [PMID: 30137232 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/ely027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints have been the subject of a wave of new studies. Among these checkpoints are tytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, checkpoints programmed death-1 and programmed death-ligand 1; their blockades have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for therapy of melanoma and other types of cancers. Immunogenomics, which combines the latest nucleic acid sequencing strategy with immunotherapy, provides precise information about genomic alterations (e.g. mutations) and enables a paradigm shift of immune checkpoint therapy from tumor types to molecular signatures. Studying these critical checkpoints in relation to genomic mutations and neoantigens has produced groundbreaking results. This article examines these studies and delves into the relationships between immune checkpoint blockade and tumors harboring certain genomic mutations. Moreover, this article reviews recent studies on resistance to immune checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Park
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center. He is an expert in the innate immunity and chronic inflammation-associated cancer fields
| | - Mary Winnicki
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center and studies the mechanisms of chronic inflammation-associated cancer
| | - Evan Liu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center and studies the mechanisms of chronic inflammation-associated cancer
| | - Wen-Ming Chu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center and studies the mechanisms of chronic inflammation-associated cancer
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22
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Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Therapy With Cisplatin Plus Mitomycin C in BRCA1-Mutated Ovarian Cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2019; 28:1498-1506. [PMID: 30247247 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000001352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cisplatin and mitomycin C exert high activity towards BRCA1-deficient cells. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a combination of these drugs in hereditary BRCA1-associated ovarian cancer (OC). METHODS Twelve OC patients, who could not be treated by primary debulking surgery owing to extensive tumor spread, were given neoadjuvant cisplatin (100 mg/m) and mitomycin C (10 mg/m) every 4 weeks for 3 (n = 9), 2 (n = 2), or 4 (n = 1) cycles. RESULTS The decrease of tumor burden and complete surgical cytoreduction were achieved in all patients. Pathologic complete response, defined as the absence of tumor cells in surgically removed tissues, was observed in 2 (17%) of 12 cases. Retrospective analysis of 62 OC in BRCA1 mutation carriers subjected to conventional neoadjuvant chemotherapy schemes revealed 36 objective tumor responses (58%) and 37 instances (60%) of complete cytoreductive surgery; however, none of these patients demonstrated pathologic complete response. CONCLUSIONS The combination of cisplatin plus mitomycin C showed promising results in BRCA1-driven OC and therefore deserves further clinical evaluation.
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23
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Scherbakov AM, Shestakova EA, Galeeva KE, Bogush TA. BRCA1 and Estrogen Receptor α Expression Regulation in Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319030166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Gorodnova T, Sokolenko A, Ni V, Ivantsov A, Kotiv K, Petrik S, Amelina I, Berlev I, Imyanitov E. BRCA1-associated and sporadic ovarian carcinomas: outcomes of primary cytoreductive surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2019; 29:779-786. [PMID: 30839285 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2018-000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tumors arising in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers are characterized by increased platinum sensitivity; however, it is unknown whether this feature should be considered while choosing between primary surgical versus systemic treatment. This study aimed to compare outcomes of ovarian cancer patients undergoing either primary surgery or interval cytoreduction based on BRCA1/2 status. METHODS The study included consecutive ovarian cancer patients, who were treated at the N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology (St Petersburg, Russia) from 2000 to 2013 and who underwent complete or optimal cytoreductive surgery. A comparison of disease outcomes was performed for the total group of ovarian cancer patients as well as for 69 BRCA1-mutated and 151 sporadic high-grade serous advanced-stage ovarian carcinomas. Frequency comparisons were performed by Chi-square test or Fisher exact test. Disease-free interval and overall survival were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U-test and Kaplan-Meier method. Hazard ratios were calculated by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS The analysis included 283 consecutive patients who underwent optimal cytoreduction (size of residual tumor <1 cm (n=156)) or complete tumor excision (n=127) on primary surgery (n=168) or after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n=115). 84 patients carried germline mutation in BRCA1 (n=77) or BRCA2 (n=7) genes, while 199 ovarian cancer patients were classified as sporadic. High-grade serous ovarian cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a lower disease-free interval compared with those undergoing primary surgery followed by adjuvant therapy (7.8 vs 14.2 months, p<0.001). This difference was attributed mainly to sporadic cases (5.1 vs 12.2 months, p<0.001), while BRCA1-associated cancers had a similar disease-free interval regardless of the sequence of treatments (12.5 vs 15.8 months, p=0.53). When treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, BRCA1-mutated patients had improved overall survival as compared with sporadic cases (45.7 vs 25.3 months, p=0.007), while patients subjected to primary surgery showed similar overall survival irrespective of BRCA1 status (54.6 vs 53.9 months, p=0.56). A total of 29/61 (48%) BRCA1/2-associated patients relapsed as a single local tumor; this was lower in sporadic cancer patients (38/134 (28%); p=0.01). CONCLUSION In BRCA1 mutation carriers, the oncologic outcomes are similar when comparing primary surgery versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, BRCA1-mutation carriers often have a single site of disease when diagnosed with recurrent ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Gorodnova
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Sokolenko
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Valeria Ni
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandr Ivantsov
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Khristina Kotiv
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Petrik
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Inna Amelina
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Berlev
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny Imyanitov
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation .,St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,St.-Petersburg State University, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation
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25
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Thavaneswaran S, Rath E, Tucker K, Joshua AM, Hess D, Pinese M, Ballinger ML, Thomas DM. Therapeutic implications of germline genetic findings in cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2019; 16:386-396. [DOI: 10.1038/s41571-019-0179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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26
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Sokolenko AP, Imyanitov EN. Molecular Diagnostics in Clinical Oncology. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:76. [PMID: 30211169 PMCID: PMC6119963 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are multiple applications of molecular tests in clinical oncology. Mutation analysis is now routinely utilized for the diagnosis of hereditary cancer syndromes. Healthy carriers of cancer-predisposing mutations benefit from tight medical surveillance and various preventive interventions. Cancers caused by germ-line mutations often require significant modification of the treatment strategy. Personalized selection of cancer drugs based on the presence of actionable mutations has become an integral part of cancer therapy. Molecular tests underlie the administration of EGFR, BRAF, ALK, ROS1, PARP inhibitors as well as the use of some other cytotoxic and targeted drugs. Tumors almost always shed their fragments (single cells or their clusters, DNA, RNA, proteins) into various body fluids. So-called liquid biopsy, i.e., the analysis of circulating DNA or some other tumor-derived molecules, holds a great promise for non-invasive monitoring of cancer disease, analysis of drug-sensitizing mutations and early cancer detection. Some tumor- or tissue-specific mutations and expression markers can be efficiently utilized for the diagnosis of cancers of unknown primary origin (CUPs). Systematic cataloging of tumor molecular portraits is likely to uncover a multitude of novel medically relevant DNA- and RNA-based markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Sokolenko
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Medical Genetics, St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Imyanitov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Medical Genetics, St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Oncology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Oncology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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27
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Kadan Y, Raviv O, Segev Y, Lavie O, Bruchim I, Fishman A, Michaelson R, Beller U, Helpman L. Impact of BRCA mutations on outcomes among patients with serous endometrial cancer. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2018; 142:91-96. [PMID: 29572834 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the outcome of patients with uterine papillary serous cancer (UPSC) carrying a BRCA mutation with that of patients with UPSC who are BRCA wild-type. METHODS The present retrospective, multicenter cohort study included women with UPSC who were diagnosed between January 1, 1993, and December 31, 2014, and were tested for the BRCA mutation at three Israeli medical centers. Data were collected from the medical records, and patient and tumor characteristics and disease outcomes were compared between BRCA mutation carriers and noncarriers. The primary outcome was overall survival. RESULTS In total, 14 BRCA mutation carriers and 50 noncarriers were included. Both groups had similar treatment modalities (P=0.530). A non-significant trend toward BRCA mutation carriers being diagnosed more frequently at an advanced stage compared with noncarriers was observed (P=0.090). Median overall survival (25 vs 37 months; P=0.442), progression-free survival (37 vs 29 months; P=0.536), and disease-specific survival (60 vs 39 months; P=0.316) were similar between the carrier and noncarrier groups. CONCLUSIONS Although not significant, BRCA mutation carriers tended to have more advanced disease at diagnosis. However, the survival was similar irrespective of the BRCA status in this small group. Further research is needed to confirm these findings in a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yfat Kadan
- Gynecologic Oncology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kefar Sava, Israel
| | - Oshrat Raviv
- Gynecologic Oncology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kefar Sava, Israel
| | - Yakir Segev
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology Service, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofer Lavie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology Service, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ilan Bruchim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Ami Fishman
- Gynecologic Oncology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kefar Sava, Israel
| | - Rachel Michaelson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Genetics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Uzi Beller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Limor Helpman
- Gynecologic Oncology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kefar Sava, Israel.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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28
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Moiseyenko VM, Chubenko VA, Moiseyenko FV, Zagorskaya LA, Zaytseva YA, Gesha NE, Zykov EN, Ni VI, Preobrazhenskaya EV, Sokolenko AP, Imyanitov EN. "Lazarus Response" to Olaparib in a Virtually Chemonaive Breast Cancer Patient Carrying Gross BRCA2 Gene Deletion. Cureus 2018; 10:e2150. [PMID: 29651367 PMCID: PMC5890964 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes an estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patient, who relapsed at two and a half years after the completion of adjuvant chemotherapy while being on the aromatase inhibition. Based on the clinical evidence for potential sensitivity of the tumor to hormone ablation, everolimus was added to continuing exemestane treatment. Oral chemotherapy was administered at further disease progression, however, it lasted only for 10 days due to rapidly deteriorating condition of the patient. BRCA test was performed just before the failure of endocrine therapy and revealed a gross deletion within BRCA2 gene. Since the patient already developed contraindications to the standard chemotherapy, olaparib (300 mg twice a day) was given as a last hope option. The patient demonstrated a “Lazarus response”: the performance status and the results of the biochemical tests went back to the norm within first two weeks of treatment. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) was performed at one month after the start of olaparib therapy, and revealed complete metabolic response for all multiple metastatic lesions located in the liver, bones, small pelvis, lungs, mediastinum, retroperitoneum, etc. Cytotoxic therapy and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are known to have virtually identical mechanisms of tumor escape from the treatment, which are confined to the restoration of BRCA proficiency within cancer cells. The pronounced tumor response to the treatment in this patient can be attributed to the lack of recent exposure to standard cytotoxic treatment as well as to the inability of tumors with gross BRCA rearrangements to restore BRCA function via secondary mutation. This observation calls for comprehensive evaluation of PARP inhibitors in chemonaive patients with hereditary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nataliya E Gesha
- Department of Chemotherapy, City Cancer Center, Saint Petersburg
| | - Evgeny N Zykov
- Laboratory of Nuclear Diagnostics, City Cancer Center, Saint Petersburg
| | - Valeriya I Ni
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint Petersburg
| | | | - Anna P Sokolenko
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint Petersburg
| | - Evgeny N Imyanitov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint Petersburg
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29
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Preobrazhenskaya EV, Bizin IV, Kuligina ES, Shleykina AY, Suspitsin EN, Zaytseva OA, Anisimova EI, Laptiev SA, Gorodnova TV, Belyaev AM, Imyanitov EN, Sokolenko AP. Detection of BRCA1 gross rearrangements by droplet digital PCR. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 165:765-770. [PMID: 28656489 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Large genomic rearrangements (LGRs) constitute a significant share of pathogenic BRCA1 mutations. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) is a leading method for LGR detection; however, it is entirely based on the use of commercial kits, includes relatively time-consuming hybridization step, and is not convenient for large-scale screening of recurrent LGRs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed and validated the droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay, which covers the entire coding region of BRCA1 gene and is capable to precisely quantitate the copy number for each exon. RESULTS 141 breast cancer (BC) patients, who demonstrated evident clinical features of hereditary BC but turned out to be negative for founder BRCA1/2 mutations, were subjected to the LGR analysis. Four patients with LGR were identified, with three cases of exon 8 deletion and one women carrying the deletion of exons 5-7. Excellent concordance with MLPA test was observed. Exon 8 copy number was tested in additional 720 BC and 184 ovarian cancer (OC) high-risk patients, and another four cases with the deletion were revealed; MLPA re-analysis demonstrated that exon 8 loss was a part of a larger genetic alteration in two cases, while the remaining two patients had isolated defect of exon 8. Long-range PCR and next generation sequencing of DNA samples carrying exon 8 deletion revealed two types of recurrent LGRs. CONCLUSION Droplet digital PCR is a reliable tool for the detection of large genomic rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilya V Bizin
- Peter the Great St.-Petersburg Polytechnic University, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Evgeny N Suspitsin
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russia.,St.-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Sergey A Laptiev
- Pavlov First St.-Petersburg State Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Evgeny N Imyanitov
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russia.,St.-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russia.,Pavlov First St.-Petersburg State Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russia.,I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna P Sokolenko
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russia. .,St.-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russia. .,Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Pesochny-2, St.-Petersburg, Russia, 197758.
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30
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Manshian BB, Jiménez J, Himmelreich U, Soenen SJ. Personalized medicine and follow-up of therapeutic delivery through exploitation of quantum dot toxicity. Biomaterials 2017; 127:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Sokolenko AP, Savonevich EL, Ivantsov AO, Raskin GA, Kuligina ES, Gorodnova TV, Preobrazhenskaya EV, Kleshchov MA, Tiurin VI, Mukhina MS, Kotiv KB, Shulga AV, Kuznetsov SG, Berlev IV, Imyanitov EN. Rapid selection of BRCA1-proficient tumor cells during neoadjuvant therapy for ovarian cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers. Cancer Lett 2017; 397:127-132. [PMID: 28377179 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinomas (OC) often demonstrate rapid tumor shrinkage upon neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). However, complete pathologic responses are very rare and the mechanisms underlying the emergence of residual tumor disease remain elusive. We hypothesized that the change of somatic BRCA1 status may contribute to this process. The loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) at the BRCA1 locus was determined for 23 paired tumor samples obtained from BRCA1 germ-line mutation carriers before and after NACT. We observed a somatic loss of the wild-type BRCA1 allele in 74% (17/23) of OCs before NACT. However, a retention of the wild-type BRCA1 copy resulting in a reversion of LOH status was detected in 65% (11/17) of those patients after NACT. Furthermore, we tested 3 of these reversion samples for LOH at intragenic BRCA1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and confirmed a complete restoration of the SNP heterozygosity in all instances. The neoadjuvant chemotherapy for BRCA1-associated OC is accompanied by a rapid expansion of pre-existing BRCA1-proficient tumor clones suggesting that continuation of the same therapy after NACT and surgery may not be justified even in patients initially experiencing a rapid tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Sokolenko
- Department of Tumor Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia; Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Elena L Savonevich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Grodno State Medical University, Grodno 230023, Belarus
| | - Alexandr O Ivantsov
- Department of Tumor Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Grigory A Raskin
- Department of Pathology, Russian Research Centre for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, St. Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Ekatherina S Kuligina
- Department of Tumor Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Gorodnova
- Department of Tumor Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | | | - Maxim A Kleshchov
- Department of Tumor Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Vladislav I Tiurin
- Department of Tumor Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Marina S Mukhina
- Department of Pathology, Russian Research Centre for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, St. Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Khristina B Kotiv
- Department of Tumor Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Andrey V Shulga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Grodno State Medical University, Grodno 230023, Belarus
| | - Sergey G Kuznetsov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Igor V Berlev
- Department of Tumor Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Imyanitov
- Department of Tumor Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia; Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia; Department of Medical Genetics, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St.-Petersburg 191015, Russia; Department of Oncology, St.-Petersburg State University, St.-Petersburg 199034, Russia.
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