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Chen M, Kang X, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Trained immunity: A link between risk factors and cardiovascular disease. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38824960 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are significant contributors to human mortality, closely associated with inflammation. With the changing living conditions and the extension of human lifespan, greater attention has been directed towards understanding the impact of early, long-term events on the development of cardiovascular events. Lifestyle factors such as stress, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Interestingly, even if the risk factors are addressed later, their influence may persist. Recently, the concept of trained innate immunity (TRIM), defined as sustained alterations in the function of innate immunocyte that promote a more robust response to downstream stimuli, has been proposed to be involved in cardiovascular diseases. It is hypothesized that TRIM may serve as a mediator bridging the impacts of aforementioned risk factors. This review aims to elucidate the role of TRIM in cardiovascular diseases and highlight its significance in uncovering new mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuya Kang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yahan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Benjaskulluecha S, Boonmee A, Pattarakankul T, Wongprom B, Klomsing J, Palaga T. Screening of compounds to identify novel epigenetic regulatory factors that affect innate immune memory in macrophages. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1912. [PMID: 35115604 PMCID: PMC8814160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trained immunity and tolerance are part of the innate immune memory that allow innate immune cells to differentially respond to a second encounter with stimuli by enhancing or suppressing responses. In trained immunity, treatment of macrophages with β-glucan (BG) facilitates the production of proinflammatory cytokines upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. For the tolerance response, LPS stimulation leads to suppressed inflammatory responses during subsequent LPS exposure. Epigenetic reprogramming plays crucial roles in both phenomena, which are tightly associated with metabolic flux. In this study, we performed a screening of an epigenetics compound library that affects trained immunity or LPS tolerance in macrophages using TNFα as a readout. Among the 181 compounds tested, one compound showed suppressive effects, while 2 compounds showed promoting effects on BG-trained TNFα production. In contrast, various inhibitors targeting Aurora kinase, histone methyltransferase, histone demethylase, histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase showed inhibitory activity against LPS tolerance. Several proteins previously unknown to be involved in innate immune memory, such as MGMT, Aurora kinase, LSD1 and PRMT5, were revealed. Protein network analysis revealed that the trained immunity targets are linked via Trp53, while LPS tolerance targets form three clusters of histone-modifying enzymes, cell division and base-excision repair. In trained immunity, the histone lysine methyltransferase SETD7 was identified, and its expression was increased during BG treatment. Level of the histone lysine demethylase, LSD1, increased during LPS priming and siRNA-mediated reduction resulted in increased expression of Il1b in LPS tolerance. Taken together, this screening approach confirmed the importance of epigenetic modifications in innate immune memory and provided potential novel targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salisa Benjaskulluecha
- Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Atsadang Boonmee
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thitiporn Pattarakankul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials and Bio-Interfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Benjawan Wongprom
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jeerameth Klomsing
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Laudanski K. Persistence of Lipoproteins and Cholesterol Alterations after Sepsis: Implication for Atherosclerosis Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910517. [PMID: 34638860 PMCID: PMC8508791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Sepsis is one of the most common critical care illnesses with increasing survivorship. The quality of life in sepsis survivors is adversely affected by several co-morbidities, including increased incidence of dementia, stroke, cardiac disease and at least temporary deterioration in cognitive dysfunction. One of the potential explanations for their progression is the persistence of lipid profile abnormalities induced during acute sepsis into recovery, resulting in acceleration of atherosclerosis. (2) Methods: This is a targeted review of the abnormalities in the long-term lipid profile abnormalities after sepsis; (3) Results: There is a well-established body of evidence demonstrating acute alteration in lipid profile (HDL-c ↓↓, LDL-C -c ↓↓). In contrast, a limited number of studies demonstrated depression of HDL-c levels with a concomitant increase in LDL-C -c in the wake of sepsis. VLDL-C -c and Lp(a) remained unaltered in few studies as well. Apolipoprotein A1 was altered in survivors suggesting abnormalities in lipoprotein metabolism concomitant to overall lipoprotein abnormalities. However, most of the studies were limited to a four-month follow-up and patient groups were relatively small. Only one study looked at the atherosclerosis progression in sepsis survivors using clinical correlates, demonstrating an acceleration of plaque formation in the aorta, and a large metanalysis suggested an increase in the risk of stroke or acute coronary event between 3% to 9% in sepsis survivors. (4) Conclusions: The limited evidence suggests an emergence and persistence of the proatherogenic lipid profile in sepsis survivors that potentially contributes, along with other factors, to the clinical sequel of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; ; Tel.: +1-215-662-8200
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Healthcare Economics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Moerings BGJ, de Graaff P, Furber M, Witkamp RF, Debets R, Mes JJ, van Bergenhenegouwen J, Govers C. Continuous Exposure to Non-Soluble β-Glucans Induces Trained Immunity in M-CSF-Differentiated Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:672796. [PMID: 34149707 PMCID: PMC8208035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-glucans enable functional reprogramming of innate immune cells, a process defined as "trained immunity", which results in enhanced host responsiveness against primary (training) and/or secondary infections (resilience). Trained immunity holds great promise for promoting immune responses in groups that are at risk (e.g. elderly and patients). In this study, we modified an existing in vitro model for trained immunity by actively inducing monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation using M-CSF and applying continuous exposure. This model reflects mucosal exposure to β-glucans and was used to study the training effects of a variety of soluble or non-soluble β-glucans derived from different sources including oat, mushrooms and yeast. In addition, trained immunity effects were related to pattern recognition receptor usage, to which end, we analyzed β-glucan-mediated Dectin-1 activation. We demonstrated that β-glucans, with different sources and solubilities, induced training and/or resilience effects. Notably, trained immunity significantly correlated with Dectin-1 receptor activation, yet Dectin-1 receptor activation did not perform as a sole predictor for β-glucan-mediated trained immunity. The model, as validated in this study, adds on to the existing in vitro model by specifically investigating macrophage responses and can be applied to select non-digestible dietary polysaccharides and other components for their potential to induce trained immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart G J Moerings
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Nutritional Biology Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Priscilla de Graaff
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC)-Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Renger F Witkamp
- Nutritional Biology Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Reno Debets
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC)-Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan J Mes
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Coen Govers
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Rethinking animal models of sepsis - working towards improved clinical translation whilst integrating the 3Rs. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:1715-1734. [PMID: 32648582 PMCID: PMC7352061 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a major worldwide healthcare issue with unmet clinical need. Despite extensive animal research in this area, successful clinical translation has been largely unsuccessful. We propose one reason for this is that, sometimes, the experimental question is misdirected or unrealistic expectations are being made of the animal model. As sepsis models can lead to a rapid and substantial suffering – it is essential that we continually review experimental approaches and undertake a full harm:benefit impact assessment for each study. In some instances, this may require refinement of existing sepsis models. In other cases, it may be replacement to a different experimental system altogether, answering a mechanistic question whilst aligning with the principles of reduction, refinement and replacement (3Rs). We discuss making better use of patient data to identify potentially useful therapeutic targets which can subsequently be validated in preclinical systems. This may be achieved through greater use of construct validity models, from which mechanistic conclusions are drawn. We argue that such models could provide equally useful scientific data as face validity models, but with an improved 3Rs impact. Indeed, construct validity models may not require sepsis to be modelled, per se. We propose that approaches that could support and refine clinical translation of research findings, whilst reducing the overall welfare burden on research animals.
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Mata P, Alonso R, Pérez de Isla L. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk assessment in familial hypercholesterolemia: does one size fit all? Curr Opin Lipidol 2018; 29:445-452. [PMID: 30382952 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Familial hypercholesterolemia is a frequent genetic disease associated with lifelong elevation of LDL-cholesterol and premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Statins are the cornerstone of treatment. However, with the introduction of novel LDL-cholesterol-lowering therapies, it is necessary to identify familial hypercholesterolemia patients presenting a significantly high residual ASCVD risk. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the recent literature concerning cardiovascular risk stratification including the role of coronary imaging. RECENT FINDINGS Several factors have shown to be independent predictors of ASCVD in familial hypercholesterolemia. These include clinical scores with cardiovascular risk factors, coronary imaging and novel protein biomarkers. However, the recent introduction of the SAFEHEART risk-equation (SAFEHEART-RE) could allow a more accurate ASCVD risk prediction in familial hypercholesterolemia. SUMMARY This article highlights the SAFEHEART-RE as a model to predict incident ASCVD in familial hypercholesterolemia. This equation is a simple and widely applicable tool for use in every clinical setting. Furthermore, coronary atherosclerosis assessed by coronary computed-tomographic angiography (coronary-CTA) is independently associated to the cardiovascular risk estimated according to the SAFEHEART-RE. This equation, as well as coronary-CTA and new biomarkers, could increase individual ASCVD risk stratification and could improve the efficiency and the use of new lipid-lowering therapies in familial hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mata
- Fundación Hipercolesterolemia Familiar, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Alonso
- Fundación Hipercolesterolemia Familiar, Madrid, Spain
- Nutrition Department, Clínica las Condes, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Leopoldo Pérez de Isla
- Fundación Hipercolesterolemia Familiar, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Escate R, Mata P, Cepeda JM, Padró T, Badimon L. miR-505-3p controls chemokine receptor up-regulation in macrophages: role in familial hypercholesterolemia. FASEB J 2018; 32:601-612. [PMID: 29457550 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700476rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) conveys a high risk of premature atherosclerosis as a result of lifelong exposure to high LDL cholesterol levels that are not fully reduced by standard-of-care lipid-lowering treatment. Inflammatory mediators have played a role in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Here, we investigated whether innate immunity cells in patients with FH have a specific proinflammatory phenotype that is distinct from that of cells in normal participants. To this end, miR-505-3p-a microRNA related to chronic inflammation-and its target genes were investigated in monocyte-derived macrophages (MACs) of patients with FH (FH-MACs) and non-FH controls (co-MACs). On the basis of the profiler PCR array analysis of agomiR-505-3p-transfected MACs, we identified the chemokine receptors, CCR3, CCR4, and CXCR1, as genes that are regulated by miR-505-3p via the transcription factor, RUNX1. miR-505-3p was significantly down-regulated, whereas CCR3, CCR4, CXCR, and RUNX1 were increased in FH-MAC compared with co-MAC, with the increase being more evident in the proinflammatory M1-like FH-MAC. Chemokine receptor levels were unrelated to LDL plasma levels at entry, but correlated with age in patients with FH, not in controls. In summary, we demonstrate for first time to our knowledge that MACs from FH-MACs have an inflammatory phenotype that is characterized by the up-regulation of CCR3, CCR4, and CXCR1 under the control of miR-505-3p. These results suggest a chronic inflammatory condition in FH innate immunity cells that is not reverted by standard lipid-lowering treatment.-Escate, R., Mata, P., Cepeda, J. M., Padró, T., Badimon, L. miR-505-3p controls chemokine receptor up-regulation in macrophages: role in familial hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Escate
- Catalan Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICCC), Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Mata
- Fundación Hipercolesterolemia Familiar, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Maria Cepeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Vega Baja, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Teresa Padró
- Catalan Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICCC), Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Catalan Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICCC), Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Escate R, Mata P, Cepeda JM, Padreó T, Badimon L. miR-505-3p controls chemokine receptor up-regulation in macrophages: role in familial hypercholesterolemia. FASEB J 2017; 32:601-612. [PMID: 32172543 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700476r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) conveys a high risk of premature atherosclerosis as a result of lifelong exposure to high LDL cholesterol levels that are not fully reduced by standard-of-care lipid-lowering treatment. Inflammatory mediators have played a role in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Here, we investigated whether innate immunity cells in patients with FH have a specific proinflammatory phenotype that is distinct from that of cells in normal participants. To this end, miR-505-3p-a microRNA related to chronic inflammation-and its target genes were investigated in monocyte-derived macrophages (MACs) of patients with FH (FH-MACs) and non-FH controls (co-MACs). On the basis of the profiler PCR array analysis of agomiR-505-3p-transfected MACs, we identified the chemokine receptors, CCR3, CCR4, and CXCR1, as genes that are regulated by miR-505-3p via the transcription factor, RUNX1. miR-505-3p was significantly down-regulated, whereas CCR3, CCR4, CXCR, and RUNX1 were increased in FH-MAC compared with co-MAC, with the increase being more evident in the proinflammatory M1-like FH-MAC. Chemokine receptor levels were unrelated to LDL plasma levels at entry, but correlated with age in patients with FH, not in controls. In summary, we demonstrate for first time to our knowledge that MACs from FH-MACs have an inflammatory phenotype that is characterized by the up-regulation of CCR3, CCR4, and CXCR1 under the control of miR-505-3p. These results suggest a chronic inflammatory condition in FH innate immunity cells that is not reverted by standard lipid-lowering treatment.-Escate, R., Mata, P., Cepeda, J.M., Padró, T., Badimon, L. miR-505-3p controls chemokine receptor up-regulation in macrophages: role in familial hypercholesterolemia. FASEB J. 32, 601-612 (2018). www.fasebj.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Escate
- Catalan Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICCC), Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Mata
- Fundacion Hipercolesterolemia Familiar, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Maria Cepeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Vega Baja, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Teresa Padreó
- Catalan Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICCC), Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Catalan Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICCC), Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Netea MG, Joosten LAB, van der Meer JWM, Kullberg BJ, van de Veerdonk FL. Immune defence against Candida fungal infections. Nat Rev Immunol 2015; 15:630-42. [DOI: 10.1038/nri3897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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