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Zheng C, Allen KO, Liu T, Solodin NM, Meyer MB, Salem K, Tsourkas PK, McIlwain SJ, Vera JM, Cromwell ER, Ozers MS, Fowler AM, Alarid ET. Elevated GRHL2 Imparts Plasticity in ER-Positive Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2906. [PMID: 39199676 PMCID: PMC11353109 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16162906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer is characterized by late recurrences following initial treatment. The epithelial cell fate transcription factor Grainyhead-like protein 2 (GRHL2) is overexpressed in ER-positive breast cancers and is linked to poorer prognosis as compared to ER-negative breast cancers. To understand how GRHL2 contributes to progression, GRHL2 was overexpressed in ER-positive cells. We demonstrated that elevated GRHL2 imparts plasticity with stem cell- and dormancy-associated traits. RNA sequencing and immunocytochemistry revealed that high GRHL2 not only strengthens the epithelial identity but supports a hybrid epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Proliferation and tumor studies exhibited a decrease in growth and an upregulation of dormancy markers, such as NR2F1 and CDKN1B. Mammosphere assays and flow cytometry revealed enrichment of stem cell markers CD44 and ALDH1, and increased self-renewal capacity. Cistrome analyses revealed a change in transcription factor motifs near GRHL2 sites from developmental factors to those associated with disease progression. Together, these data support the idea that the plasticity and properties induced by elevated GRHL2 may provide a selective advantage to explain the association between GRHL2 and breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Zheng
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kaelyn O. Allen
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Tianrui Liu
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Natalia M. Solodin
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Mark B. Meyer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kelley Salem
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Phillipos K. Tsourkas
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Sean J. McIlwain
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jessica M. Vera
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Erika R. Cromwell
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Mary Szatkowski Ozers
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Proteovista LLC, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Amy M. Fowler
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Elaine T. Alarid
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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2
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Wang Y, Cheng S, Fleishman JS, Chen J, Tang H, Chen ZS, Chen W, Ding M. Targeting anoikis resistance as a strategy for cancer therapy. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 75:101099. [PMID: 38850692 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Anoikis, known as matrix detachment-induced apoptosis or detachment-induced cell death, is crucial for tissue development and homeostasis. Cancer cells develop means to evade anoikis, e.g. anoikis resistance, thereby allowing for cells to survive under anchorage-independent conditions. Uncovering the mechanisms of anoikis resistance will provide details about cancer metastasis, and potential strategies against cancer cell dissemination and metastasis. Here, we summarize the principal elements and core molecular mechanisms of anoikis and anoikis resistance. We discuss the latest progress of how anoikis and anoikis resistance are regulated in cancers. Furthermore, we summarize emerging data on selective compounds and nanomedicines, explaining how inhibiting anoikis resistance can serve as a meaningful treatment modality against cancers. Finally, we discuss the key limitations of this therapeutic paradigm and possible strategies to overcome them. In this review, we suggest that pharmacological modulation of anoikis and anoikis resistance by bioactive compounds could surmount anoikis resistance, highlighting a promising therapeutic regimen that could be used to overcome anoikis resistance in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sihang Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Joshua S Fleishman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Wenkuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mingchao Ding
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Intervention, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100049, China.
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3
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Razavipour SF, Yoon H, Jang K, Kim M, Nawara HM, Bagheri A, Huang WC, Shin M, Zhao D, Zhou Z, Van Boven D, Briegel K, Morey L, Ince TA, Johnson M, Slingerland JM. C-terminally phosphorylated p27 activates self-renewal driver genes to program cancer stem cell expansion, mammary hyperplasia and cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5152. [PMID: 38886396 PMCID: PMC11183067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In many cancers, a stem-like cell subpopulation mediates tumor initiation, dissemination and drug resistance. Here, we report that cancer stem cell (CSC) abundance is transcriptionally regulated by C-terminally phosphorylated p27 (p27pT157pT198). Mechanistically, this arises through p27 co-recruitment with STAT3/CBP to gene regulators of CSC self-renewal including MYC, the Notch ligand JAG1, and ANGPTL4. p27pTpT/STAT3 also recruits a SIN3A/HDAC1 complex to co-repress the Pyk2 inhibitor, PTPN12. Pyk2, in turn, activates STAT3, creating a feed-forward loop increasing stem-like properties in vitro and tumor-initiating stem cells in vivo. The p27-activated gene profile is over-represented in STAT3 activated human breast cancers. Furthermore, mammary transgenic expression of phosphomimetic, cyclin-CDK-binding defective p27 (p27CK-DD) increases mammary duct branching morphogenesis, yielding hyperplasia and microinvasive cancers that can metastasize to liver, further supporting a role for p27pTpT in CSC expansion. Thus, p27pTpT interacts with STAT3, driving transcriptional programs governing stem cell expansion or maintenance in normal and cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Fatemeh Razavipour
- Cancer Host Interactions Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Hyunho Yoon
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, South Korea
| | - Kibeom Jang
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Minsoon Kim
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Hend M Nawara
- Cancer Host Interactions Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Amir Bagheri
- Cancer Host Interactions Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Wei-Chi Huang
- Cancer Host Interactions Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Miyoung Shin
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dekuang Zhao
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Zhiqun Zhou
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Derek Van Boven
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Karoline Briegel
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Lluis Morey
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tan A Ince
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Johnson
- Cancer Host Interactions Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Joyce M Slingerland
- Cancer Host Interactions Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA.
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA.
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4
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Zhao R, Lu Y, Wan Z, Qiao P, Yang L, Zhang Y, Huang S, Chen X. Identification and validation of an anoikis-related genes signature for prognostic implication in papillary thyroid cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:7405-7425. [PMID: 38663918 PMCID: PMC11087102 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer, notably papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), is a global health concern with increasing incidence. Anoikis, a regulator of programmed cell death, is pivotal in normal physiology and, when dysregulated, can drive cancer progression and metastasis. This study explored the impact of anoikis on PTC prognosis. Analyzing data from GEO, TCGA, and GeneCards, we identified a prognostic signature consisting of six anoikis-related genes (ARGs): EZH2, PRKCQ, CD36, INHBB, TDGF1, and MMP9. This signature independently predicted patient outcomes, with high-risk scores associated with worse prognoses. A robust predictive ability was confirmed via ROC analysis, and a nomogram achieved a C-index of 0.712. Differences in immune infiltration levels were observed between high- and low-risk groups. Importantly, the high-risk group displayed reduced drug sensitivity and poor responses to immunotherapy. This research provides insights into anoikis in PTC, offering a novel ARG signature for predicting patient prognosis and guiding personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyu Zhao
- Postgraduate Training Base at Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhihan Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Peipei Qiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Liyun Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Shuixian Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China
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5
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Yuan W, Fang W, Zhang R, Lyu H, Xiao S, Guo D, Ali DW, Michalak M, Chen XZ, Zhou C, Tang J. Therapeutic strategies targeting AMPK-dependent autophagy in cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119537. [PMID: 37463638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a health-modifying process of engulfing misfolded or aggregated proteins or damaged organelles, coating these proteins or organelles into vesicles, fusion of vesicles with lysosomes to form autophagic lysosomes, and degradation of the encapsulated contents. It is also a self-rescue strategy in response to harsh environments and plays an essential role in cancer cells. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the central pathway that regulates autophagy initiation and autophagosome formation by phosphorylating targets such as mTORC1 and unc-51 like activating kinase 1 (ULK1). AMPK is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine protein kinase that acts as an energy sensor in cells and regulates various metabolic processes, including those involved in cancer. The regulatory network of AMPK is complicated and can be regulated by multiple upstream factors, such as LKB1, AKT, PPAR, SIRT1, or noncoding RNAs. Currently, AMPK is being investigated as a novel target for anticancer therapies based on its role in macroautophagy regulation. Herein, we review the effects of AMPK-dependent autophagy on tumor cell survival and treatment strategies targeting AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Yuan
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanyi Fang
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rui Zhang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Lyu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Xiao
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Declan William Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Cefan Zhou
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
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6
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Dai Y, Zhang X, Ou Y, Zou L, Zhang D, Yang Q, Qin Y, Du X, Li W, Yuan Z, Xiao Z, Wen Q. Anoikis resistance--protagonists of breast cancer cells survive and metastasize after ECM detachment. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:190. [PMID: 37537585 PMCID: PMC10399053 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer exhibits the highest global incidence among all tumor types. Regardless of the type of breast cancer, metastasis is a crucial cause of poor prognosis. Anoikis, a form of apoptosis initiated by cell detachment from the native environment, is an outside-in process commencing with the disruption of cytosolic connectors such as integrin-ECM and cadherin-cell. This disruption subsequently leads to intracellular cytoskeletal and signaling pathway alterations, ultimately activating caspases and initiating programmed cell death. Development of an anoikis-resistant phenotype is a critical initial step in tumor metastasis. Breast cancer employs a series of stromal alterations to suppress anoikis in cancer cells. Comprehensive investigation of anoikis resistance mechanisms can inform strategies for preventing and regressing metastatic breast cancer. The present review first outlines the physiological mechanisms of anoikis, elucidating the alterations in signaling pathways, cytoskeleton, and protein targets that transpire from the outside in upon adhesion loss in normal breast cells. The specific anoikis resistance mechanisms induced by pathological changes in various spatial structures during breast cancer development are also discussed. Additionally, the genetic loci of targets altered in the development of anoikis resistance in breast cancer, are summarized. Finally, the micro-RNAs and targeted drugs reported in the literature concerning anoikis are compiled, with keratocin being the most functionally comprehensive. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Dai
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Kangding, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingjun Ou
- Clinical Medicine School, Southwest Medicial Univercity, Luzhou, China
- Orthopaedics, Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Kangding, China
| | - Linglin Zou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Duoli Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qingfan Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiuju Du
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | | | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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7
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Warrier S, Srinivasan S, Chedere A, Rangarajan A. Inhibition of protein translation under matrix-deprivation stress in breast cancer cells. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1124514. [PMID: 37425300 PMCID: PMC10324034 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1124514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix-deprivation stress leads to cell-death by anoikis, whereas overcoming anoikis is critical for cancer metastasis. Work from our lab and others has identified a crucial role for the cellular energy sensor AMPK in anoikis-resistance, highlighting a key role for metabolic reprogramming in stress survival. Protein synthesis is a major energy-consuming process that is tightly regulated under stress. Although an increase in protein synthesis in AMPK-depleted experimentally-transformed MEFs has been associated with anoikis, the status and regulation of protein translation in epithelial-origin cancer cells facing matrix-detachment remains largely unknown. Our study shows that protein translation is mechanistically abrogated at both initiation and elongation stages by the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway and inactivation of elongation factor eEF2, respectively. Additionally, we show inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway known for regulation of canonical protein synthesis. We further functionally assay this inhibition using SUnSET assay, which demonstrates repression of global protein synthesis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 breast cancer cells when subjected to matrix-deprivation. In order to gauge the translational status of matrix-deprived cancer cells, we undertook polysome profiling. Our data revealed reduced but continuous mRNA translation under matrix-deprivation stress. An integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data further identifies novel targets that may aid cellular adaptations to matrix-deprivation stress and can be explored for therapeutic intervention.
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Novel Anti-Cancer Products Targeting AMPK: Natural Herbal Medicine against Breast Cancer. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020740. [PMID: 36677797 PMCID: PMC9863744 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common cancer in women worldwide. The existing clinical treatment strategies have been able to limit the progression of breast cancer and cancer metastasis, but abnormal metabolism, immunosuppression, and multidrug resistance involving multiple regulators remain the major challenges for the treatment of breast cancer. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) can regulate metabolic reprogramming and reverse the "Warburg effect" via multiple metabolic signaling pathways in breast cancer. Previous studies suggest that the activation of AMPK suppresses the growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells, as well as stimulating the responses of immune cells. However, some other reports claim that the development and poor prognosis of breast cancer are related to the overexpression and aberrant activation of AMPK. Thus, the role of AMPK in the progression of breast cancer is still controversial. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of AMPK, particularly the comprehensive bidirectional functions of AMPK in cancer progression; discuss the pharmacological activators of AMPK and some specific molecules, including the natural products (including berberine, curcumin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, ginsenosides, and paclitaxel) that influence the efficacy of these activators in cancer therapy; and elaborate the role of AMPK as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Penugurti V, Mishra YG, Manavathi B. AMPK: An odyssey of a metabolic regulator, a tumor suppressor, and now a contextual oncogene. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188785. [PMID: 36031088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a unique but complex biochemical adaptation that allows solid tumors to tolerate various stresses that challenge cancer cells for survival. Under conditions of metabolic stress, mammalian cells employ adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to regulate energy homeostasis by controlling cellular metabolism. AMPK has been described as a cellular energy sensor that communicates with various metabolic pathways and networks to maintain energy balance. Earlier studies characterized AMPK as a tumor suppressor in the context of cancer. Later, a paradigm shift occurred in support of the oncogenic nature of AMPK, considering it a contextual oncogene. In support of this, various cellular and mouse models of tumorigenesis and clinicopathological studies demonstrated increased AMPK activity in various cancers. This review will describe AMPK's pro-tumorigenic activity in various malignancies and explain the rationale and context for using AMPK inhibitors in combination with anti-metabolite drugs to treat AMPK-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudevarao Penugurti
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Yasaswi Gayatri Mishra
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Bramanandam Manavathi
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India.
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10
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Khan SU, Fatima K, Malik F. Understanding the cell survival mechanism of anoikis-resistant cancer cells during different steps of metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2022; 39:715-726. [PMID: 35829806 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-022-10172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anchorage-independent survival of cancer cells is associated with metastasis as it enables cells to travel to secondary target sites. Tissue integrity is generally maintained by detachment-induced cell death called 'anoikis', but cancer cells undergoing the multistep metastatic process show resistance to anoikis. Anoikis resistance enables these cells to survive through the extracellular matrix (ECM) deprived phase, which starts when cancer cells detach and move into the circulation till cells reach to the secondary target site. Comprehensive analysis of the molecular and functional biology of anoikis resistance in cancer cells will provide crucial details about cancer metastasis, enabling us to identify novel therapeutic targets against cancer cell dissemination and ultimately secondary tumor formation. This review broadly summarizes recent advances in the understanding of cellular and molecular events leading to anoikis and anoikis resistance. It further elaborates more about the signaling cross-talk in anoikis resistance and its regulation during metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Ullah Khan
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, 190005, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201002, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kaneez Fatima
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, 190005, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201002, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, 190005, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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11
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Ma S, Dong Z, Huang Y, Liu JY, Zhang JT. Translation initiation factor eIF3a regulates glucose metabolism and cell proliferation via promoting small GTPase Rheb synthesis and AMPK activation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102044. [PMID: 35595099 PMCID: PMC9207673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit A (eIF3a), the largest subunit of the eIF3 complex, has been shown to be overexpressed in malignant cancer cells, potentially making it a proto-oncogene. eIF3a overexpression can drive cancer cell proliferation but contributes to better prognosis. While its contribution to prognosis was previously shown to be due to its function in suppressing synthesis of DNA damage repair proteins, it remains unclear how eIF3a regulates cancer cell proliferation. In this study, we show using genetic approaches that eIF3a controls cell proliferation by regulating glucose metabolism via the phosphorylation and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) at Thr172 in its kinase activation loop. We demonstrate that eIF3a regulates AMPK activation mainly by controlling synthesis of the small GTPase Rheb, largely independent of the well-known AMPK upstream liver kinase B1 and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2, and also independent of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and glucose levels. Our findings suggest that glucose metabolism in and proliferation of cancer cells may be translationally regulated via a novel eIF3a–Rheb–AMPK signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Ma
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Zizheng Dong
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Yanfei Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jing-Yuan Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jian-Ting Zhang
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA.
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12
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Andugulapati SB, Sundararaman A, Lahiry M, Rangarajan A. AMP- activated protein kinase (AMPK) promotes breast cancer stemness and drug resistance. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:274505. [PMID: 35195687 PMCID: PMC9150117 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a major cause of therapy resistance and tumour progression. Currently, their regulation is not entirely understood. Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated a context-specific pro-tumorigenic role for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) under anchorage-deprivation and mammosphere formation, which are hallmarks of BCSCs. Therefore, we investigated the role of AMPK in the maintenance of BCSC state/function. AMPK depletion reduces serial sphere formation in vitro and tumour initiation in vivo. Intriguingly, tumour-derived cell analysis using stem cell markers and functional assays revealed that AMPK is required for the maintenance of BCSC populations in vivo. AMPK promotes the expression of stemness genes such as NANOG, SOX2 and BMI1 through the transcriptional upregulation of TWIST via promoter acetylation. Further, AMPK-driven stemness plays a critical role in doxorubicin resistance. Significantly, AMPK activity increased after chemotherapy in patient-derived tumour samples alongside an increase in stemness markers. Importantly, AMPK depletion sensitises mouse tumours to doxorubicin treatment. Our work indicates that targeting of AMPK in conjunction with regular chemotherapy is likely to reduce the stem cell pool and improve chemosensitivity in breast cancers. Summary: AMPK inhibition in conjunction with regular chemotherapy is likely to reduce the stem cell pool and improve chemosensitivity and therapeutic outcomes in breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Balaji Andugulapati
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics; Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ananthalakshmy Sundararaman
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics; Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Mohini Lahiry
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics; Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics; Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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13
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Saha M, Deshpande N, Dubey A, Pal D, Atreya HS, Rangarajan A. Sustained AMPK Activation and Proline Metabolism Play Critical Roles in the Survival of Matrix-Deprived Transformed Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:771366. [PMID: 34869367 PMCID: PMC8634847 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.771366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Attachment to the matrix is critical for the survival of adherent cells, whereas detachment triggers death by apoptosis. Therefore, solid tumors must acquire the ability to survive the stress of matrix-detachment to transit through circulation and seed metastases. Although a central role for energy metabolism in cancer progression is well established, what distinguishes its role in the cellular state of the matrix-deprived form compared to the matrix-attached form is not fully understood yet. Using an in vitro transformation model dependent on simian virus 40 (SV40) small t (ST) antigen for cellular survival and proliferation in matrix-deprived conditions, we demonstrate that 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity is elevated and sustained under matrix-deprived conditions in ST-expressing fibroblasts. Additionally, these cells display elevated energy (ATP) levels under matrix-deprived conditions in contrast to cells lacking ST expression. The elevated ATP levels are coupled to increased levels of proline in ST-expressing cells, as revealed by metabolomics studies. The AMPK-dependent upregulation of proline oxidase, an enzyme of proline degradation, is a key link for elevated ATP levels. This functional link is further established by proline supplementation concomitant with AMPK activation in matrix-deprived cells lacking ST antigen, yielding ATP and enhancing survival. Thus, our data establishes a key role for AMPK-dependent regulation of proline metabolism in mediating energy homeostasis and promoting survival of matrix-deprived cells. These findings identify key markers that distinguish the metabolic states of matrix-detached and matrix-attached transformed cells and have implications in developing novel therapeutic strategies for specifically targeting matrix-detached metastasizing cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manipa Saha
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Neha Deshpande
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Abhinav Dubey
- IISc Mathematics Initiative, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,NMR Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Debnath Pal
- IISc Mathematics Initiative, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Hanudatta S Atreya
- NMR Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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14
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Adeshakin FO, Adeshakin AO, Afolabi LO, Yan D, Zhang G, Wan X. Mechanisms for Modulating Anoikis Resistance in Cancer and the Relevance of Metabolic Reprogramming. Front Oncol 2021; 11:626577. [PMID: 33854965 PMCID: PMC8039382 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.626577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is the hallmark of structure–function stability and well-being. ECM detachment in localized tumors precedes abnormal dissemination of tumor cells culminating in metastasis. Programmed cell death (PCD) is activated during tumorigenesis to clear off ECM-detached cells through “anoikis.” However, cancer cells develop several mechanisms for abrogating anoikis, thus promoting their invasiveness and metastasis. Specific factors, such as growth proteins, pH, transcriptional signaling pathways, and oxidative stress, have been reported as drivers of anoikis resistance, thus enhancing cancer proliferation and metastasis. Recent studies highlighted the key contributions of metabolic pathways, enabling the cells to bypass anoikis. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms driving anoikis resistance could help to counteract tumor progression and prevent metastasis. This review elucidates the dynamics employed by cancer cells to impede anoikis, thus promoting proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In addition, the authors have discussed other metabolic intermediates (especially amino acids and nucleotides) that are less explored, which could be crucial for anoikis resistance and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funmilayo O Adeshakin
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Adeleye O Adeshakin
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lukman O Afolabi
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dehong Yan
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guizhong Zhang
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Todhunter ME, Miyano M, Moolamalla DS, Filippov A, Sayaman RW, LaBarge MA. Volume-constrained microcontainers enable myoepithelial functional differentiation in highly parallel mammary organoid culture. iScience 2021; 24:102253. [PMID: 33796842 PMCID: PMC7995530 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A long-standing constraint on organoid culture is the need to add exogenous substances to provide hydrogel matrix, which limits the study of fully human or fully native organoids. This paper introduces an approach to culture reconstituted mammary organoids without the impediment of exogenous matrix. We enclose organoids in nanoliter-scale, topologically enclosed, fluid compartments surrounded by agar. Organoids cultured in these “microcontainers” appear to secrete enough extracellular matrix to yield a self-sufficient microenvironment without exogenous supplements. In microcontainers, mammary organoids exhibit contractility and a high-level, physiological, myoepithelial (MEP) behavior that has not been previously reported in reconstituted organoids. The presence of contractility suggests that microcontainers elicit MEP functional differentiation, an important milestone. Microcontainers yield thousands of substantially identical and individually trackable organoids within a single culture vessel, enabling longitudinal studies and statistically powerful experiments, such as the evaluation of small effect sizes. Microcontainers open new doors for researchers who rely on organoid models. Microcontainers are volume-constrained microwells with hydrogel lids Microcontainers enable statistically robust experimental design with organoids Organoids produce their own extracellular matrix within microcontainers Myoepithelial cells in mammary organoids achieve fully functional differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Todhunter
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Masaru Miyano
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Divya S Moolamalla
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Aleksandr Filippov
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Rosalyn W Sayaman
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Mark A LaBarge
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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16
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Dutta N, Ghosh S, Nelson VK, Sareng HR, Majumder C, Mandal SC, Pal M. Andrographolide upregulates protein quality control mechanisms in cell and mouse through upregulation of mTORC1 function. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129885. [PMID: 33639218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock response (HSR), a component of cellular protein quality control mechanisms, is defective in different neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Forced upregulation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), an HSR master regulator, showed therapeutic promise in PD models. Many of the reported small-molecule HSF1 activators have limited functions. Therefore, identification and understanding the molecular bases of action of new HSF1 activating molecules is necessary. METHOD We used a cell-based reporter system to screen Andrographis paniculata leaf extract to isolate andrographolide as an inducer of HSF1 activity. The andrographolide activity was characterized by analyzing its role in different protein quality control mechanisms. RESULT We find that besides ameliorating the PD in MPTP-treated mice, andrographolide upregulated different machineries controlled by HSF1 and NRF2 in both cell and mouse brain. Andrographolide achieves these functions through mTORC1 activated via p38 MAPK and ERK pathways. NRF2 activation is reflected in the upregulation of proteasome as well as autophagy pathways. We further show that NRF2 activation is mediated through mTORC1 driven phosphorylation of p62/sequestosome 1. Studies with different cell types suggested that andrographolide-mediated induction of ROS level underlies all these activities in agreement with the upregulation of mTORC1 and NRF2-antioxidant pathway in mice. CONCLUSION Andrographolide through upregulating HSF1 activity ameliorates protein aggregation induced cellular toxicity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results provide a reasonable basis for use of andrographolide in the therapy regimen for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naibedya Dutta
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Suvranil Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Vinod K Nelson
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Hossainoor R Sareng
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Chirantan Majumder
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Subhash C Mandal
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Mahadeb Pal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India.
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17
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Exploiting the metabolic dependencies of the broad amino acid transporter SLC6A14. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4490-4503. [PMID: 33400734 PMCID: PMC7721610 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells typically enhance their metabolic capacity to sustain their higher rate of growth and proliferation. One way to elevate the nutrient intake into cancer cells is to increase the expression of genes encoding amino acid transporters, which may represent targetable vulnerabilities. Here, we study the regulation and function of the broad amino acid transporter SLC6A14 in combination with metabolic stress, providing insights into an uncharacterized aspect of the transporter activity. We analyze the pattern of transcriptional changes in a panel of breast cancer cell lines upon metabolic stress and found that SLC6A14 expression levels are increased in the absence of methionine. Methionine deprivation, which can be achieved via modulation of dietary methionine intake in tumor cells, in turn leads to a heightened activation of the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) in SLC6A14-deficient cells. While SLC6A14 genetic deficiency does not have a major impact on cell proliferation, combined depletion of AMPK and SLC6A14 leads to an increase in apoptosis upon methionine starvation, suggesting that combined targeting of SLC6A14 and AMPK can be exploited as a therapeutic approach to starve tumor cells.
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18
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Hosoki A, Ogawa M, Nishimura Y, Nishimura M, Daino K, Kakinuma S, Shimada Y, Imaoka T. The effect of radiation on the ability of rat mammary cells to form mammospheres. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:711-721. [PMID: 32996008 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00869-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As classical transplantation repopulation assays for studying the radiobiology of rat mammary stem/progenitor cells are extremely time-consuming, this study aimed to characterize the radiobiological properties of mammospheres, spherical clumps of mammary cells formed under non-adherent culture conditions, which are a simple and widely used technique for assessing progenitor cell activity. Rat mammary cells were dissociated and used in transplantation repopulation assays and for the formation of mammospheres. Immunofluorescence for cytokeratin 14 and 18 was used to identify basal and luminal mammary epithelial cells, respectively. Incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine was used to evaluate cell proliferation. The repopulating activity of the transplanted primary rat mammary cells demonstrated their radiosensitivity, reproducing previous data, with a significant reduction in repopulating activity at ≥ 2 Gy. Cells constituting rat mammospheres were positive for either cytokeratin 14 or 18, with occasional double-positive cells. Both proliferation and aggregation contributed to sphere formation. Cells obtained from the spheres showed lower repopulating activity after transplantation than primary cells. When primary cells were irradiated and then used for sphere formation, the efficiency of sphere formation was significantly decreased at 8 Gy but not at ≤ 6 Gy, indicating radioresistance of the formation process. Irradiation at 8 Gy reduced the proliferation of cells during sphere formation, whereas the cellular composition of the resulting spheres was unaffectes. Thus, mammosphere formation assays may measure a property of putative mammary progenitors that is different from what is measured in the classic transplantation repopulation assay in radiobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Hosoki
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), Chiba, Japan
- Healios KK Kobe Research Institute, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mari Ogawa
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, NIRS, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, NIRS, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Aomori, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, NIRS, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Daino
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, NIRS, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, NIRS, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Shimada
- Executive Board, QST, Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, NIRS, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
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19
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Ranganathan S, Kumar S, Mohanty SS, Jolly MK, Rangarajan A. Cellular Plasticity in Matrix-attached and -Detached Cells: Implications in Metastasis. J Indian Inst Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-020-00179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Luo Y, Fang C, Jin L, Ding H, Lyu Y, Ni G. The microRNA212 regulated PEA15 promotes ovarian cancer progression by inhibiting of apoptosis. J Cancer 2020; 11:1424-1435. [PMID: 32047549 PMCID: PMC6995389 DOI: 10.7150/jca.32886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PEA15 (Proliferation And Apoptosis Adaptor) is a 15kDa multifunctional phosphoprotein involved in various essential biological processes such as proliferation and apoptosis of cancer cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that PEA15 can promote the progression of many malignancies. In the present study, the expression of PEA15 in ovarian cancer and normal tissues analyzed in several databases and PEA15 was found to be significantly up-regulated in OC tissues compared to normal tissues. Immunochemical assays performed using 171 OC tissue specimens proved that the expression of PEA15 was remarkably positively correlated with the FIGO stage and associated with histologic subgroups of ovarian cancer. IHC assay for the two phosphorylation sites of PEA15 S116 and S104 was also performed. PEA15 high expression predicted a poor prognosis in OC patients analysed from K-M plot dataset. In addition, we proved knockdown of PEA15 inhibits OC cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis by Bcl2 downregulation and Bax and cleaved Caspase-3 upregulation. Overexpression of PEA15 promotes the proliferative capacity of OC cells. Moreover, this study first discovered PEA15 expression in OC can be negatively regulated by microRNA212. Overexpression of miR-212 in ovarian cancer cells could cause downregulated the expression of PEA15 expression. Overexpression of miR-212 was found to exerted similar effects on the proliferation, and apoptosis of the ovarian cancer cells as that of PEA15 suppression. Additionally, overexpression of PEA15could at least partially abolished the effects of miR-212 on the proliferation, and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. In conclusion, our findings revealed PEA15 appears as a novel predictive biomarker, thus providing a valuable therapeutic target in OC treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, AnHui, 241001, P.R. China
| | | | - Lan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, AnHui, 241001, P.R. China
| | - Huafeng Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, AnHui, 241001, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Lyu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, AnHui, 241001, P.R. China
| | - Guantai Ni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, AnHui, 241001, P.R. China
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21
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MicroRNA-451 Inhibits Migration of Glioblastoma while Making It More Susceptible to Conventional Therapy. Noncoding RNA 2019; 5:ncrna5010025. [PMID: 30875963 PMCID: PMC6468936 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna5010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioblastoma (GBM, glioma) is the most common and aggressive primary adult brain tumor. The prognosis of GBM patients remains poor, despite surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. The major obstacles for successful remedy are invasiveness and therapy resistance of GBM cells. Invasive glioma cells leave primary tumor core and infiltrate surrounding normal brain leading to inevitable recurrence, even after surgical resection, radiation and chemotherapy. Therapy resistance allowing for selection of more aggressive and resistant sub-populations including GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) upon treatment is another serious impediment to successful treatment. Through their regulation of multiple genes, microRNAs can orchestrate complex programs of gene expression and act as master regulators of cellular processes. MicroRNA-based therapeutics could thus impact broad cellular programs, leading to inhibition of invasion and sensitization to radio/chemotherapy. Our data show that miR-451 attenuates glioma cell migration in vitro and invasion in vivo. In addition, we have found that miR-451 sensitizes glioma cells to conventional chemo- and radio-therapy. Our data also show that miR-451 is regulated in vivo by AMPK pathway and that AMPK/miR-451 loop has the ability to switch between proliferative and migratory pattern of glioma cells behavior. We therefore postulate that AMPK/miR-451 negative reciprocal feedback loop allows GBM cells/GSCs to adapt to tumor “ecosystem” by metabolic and behavioral flexibility, and that disruption of such a loop reduces invasiveness and diminishes therapy resistance.
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22
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Zhang H, Kuick R, Park SS, Peabody C, Yoon J, Fernández EC, Wang J, Thomas D, Viollet B, Inoki K, Camelo-Piragua S, Rual JF. Loss of AMPKα2 Impairs Hedgehog-Driven Medulloblastoma Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113287. [PMID: 30360486 PMCID: PMC6274763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy status that has a dual role in cancer, i.e., pro- or anti-tumorigenic, depending on the context. In medulloblastoma, the most frequent malignant pediatric brain tumor, several in vitro studies previously showed that AMPK suppresses tumor cell growth. The role of AMPK in this disease context remains to be tested in vivo. Here, we investigate loss of AMPKα2 in a genetically engineered mouse model of sonic hedgehog (SHH)-medulloblastoma. In contrast to previous reports, our study reveals that AMPKα2 KO impairs SHH medulloblastoma tumorigenesis. Moreover, we performed complementary molecular and genomic analyses that support the hypothesis of a pro-tumorigenic SHH/AMPK/CNBP axis in medulloblastoma. In conclusion, our observations further underline the context-dependent role of AMPK in cancer, and caution is warranted for the previously proposed hypothesis that AMPK agonists may have therapeutic benefits in medulloblastoma patients. Note: an abstract describing the project was previously submitted to the American Society for Investigative Pathology PISA 2018 conference and appears in The American Journal of Pathology (Volume 188, Issue 10, October 2018, Page 2433).
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglai Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Rork Kuick
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Claire Peabody
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Justin Yoon
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Ester Calvo Fernández
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Junying Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Dafydd Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France.
- CNRS, UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France.
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Ken Inoki
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Sandra Camelo-Piragua
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Jean-François Rual
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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23
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Andrieu GP, Shafran JS, Deeney JT, Bharadwaj KR, Rangarajan A, Denis GV. BET proteins in abnormal metabolism, inflammation, and the breast cancer microenvironment. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:265-274. [PMID: 29493812 PMCID: PMC6134394 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ri0917-380rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated pathology Type 2 diabetes are two chronic metabolic and inflammatory diseases that promote breast cancer progression, metastasis, and poor outcomes. Emerging critical opinion considers unresolved inflammation and abnormal metabolism separately from obesity; settings where they do not co-occur can inform disease mechanism. In breast cancer, the tumor microenvironment is often infiltrated with T effector and T regulatory cells programmed by metabolic signaling. The pathways by which tumor cells evade immune surveillance, immune therapies, and take advantage of antitumor immunity are poorly understood, but likely depend on metabolic inflammation in the microenvironment. Immune functions are abnormal in metabolic disease, and lessons learned from preclinical studies in lean and metabolically normal environments may not translate to patients with obesity and metabolic disease. This problem is made more urgent by the rising incidence of breast cancer among women who are not obese but who have metabolic disease and associated inflammation, a phenotype common in Asia. The somatic BET proteins, comprising BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4, are new critical regulators of metabolism, coactivate transcription of genes that encode proinflammatory cytokines in immune cell subsets infiltrating the microenvironment, and could be important targets in breast cancer immunotherapy. These transcriptional coregulators are well known to regulate tumor cell progression, but only recently identified as critical for metabolism, metastasis, and expression of immune checkpoint molecules. We consider interrelationships among metabolism, inflammation, and breast cancer aggressiveness relevant to the emerging threat of breast cancer among women with metabolic disease, but without obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan S. Shafran
- Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jude T. Deeney
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Obesity Research Center, Evans Biomedical Research Center; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kishan R. Bharadwaj
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Gerald V. Denis
- Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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24
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Saxena M, Balaji SA, Deshpande N, Ranganathan S, Pillai DM, Hindupur SK, Rangarajan A. AMP-activated protein kinase promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells through Twist1 upregulation. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.208314. [PMID: 29950484 PMCID: PMC6080604 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.208314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental programme of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), involving loss of epithelial and acquisition of mesenchymal properties, plays an important role in the invasion-metastasis cascade of cancer cells. In the present study, we show that activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) using A769662 led to a concomitant induction of EMT in multiple cancer cell types, as observed by enhanced expression of mesenchymal markers, decrease in epithelial markers, and increase in migration and invasion. In contrast, inhibition or depletion of AMPK led to a reversal of EMT. Importantly, AMPK activity was found to be necessary for the induction of EMT by physiological cues such as hypoxia and TGFβ treatment. Furthermore, AMPK activation increased the expression and nuclear localization of Twist1, an EMT transcription factor. Depletion of Twist1 impaired AMPK-induced EMT phenotypes, suggesting that AMPK might mediate its effects on EMT, at least in part, through Twist1 upregulation. Inhibition or depletion of AMPK also attenuated metastasis. Thus, our data underscore a central role for AMPK in the induction of EMT and in metastasis, suggesting that strategies targeting AMPK might provide novel approaches to curb cancer spread. Highlighted Article: Pharmacological and physiological activation of AMPK promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells through Twist1 upregulation and its increased nuclear localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Saxena
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Sai A Balaji
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Neha Deshpande
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Santhalakshmi Ranganathan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya Mohan Pillai
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Sravanth Kumar Hindupur
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
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25
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Zhou Y, Xu Z, Quan D, Zhang F, Zhang H, Xiao T, Hou S, Qiao H, Harismendy O, Wang JYJ, Suo G. Nuclear respiratory factor 1 promotes spheroid survival and mesenchymal transition in mammary epithelial cells. Oncogene 2018; 37:6152-6165. [PMID: 29995872 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells aggregate into spheroids when deprived of matrix, and the proclivity for spheroid formation and survival is a hallmark of normal and tumorigenic mammary stem cells. We show here that Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 (NRF1) is a spheroid promoter by in silico identification of this transcription factor as highly connected to top shRNA-hits deduced from re-iterative selections for shRNAs enriched in MCF10A spheroids. NRF1-promoted spheroid survival is linked to its stimulation of mitochondrial OXPHOS, cell migration, invasion, and mesenchymal transition. Conversely, NRF1 knockdown in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells reduced spheroids, migration, invasion, and mesenchymal marker expression. NRF1 knockdown also reduced tumor burden in mammary fat pads and lungs of orthotopic- or tail vein-transplanted mice. With the Luminal A subtype of breast cancer, higher NRF1 expression is associated with lower survival. These results show that NRF1, an activator of mitochondrial metabolism, supports mammary spheroid survival and tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshuai Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu, 215123, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhongjuan Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Daniel Quan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0820, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Hai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Tongqian Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu, 215123, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shulan Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Hong Qiao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Olivier Harismendy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0820, USA
| | - Jean Y J Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0820, USA
| | - Guangli Suo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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26
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Tang J, Wu W, Yang F, Liu L, Yang Z, Liu L, Tang W, Sun F, Lin H. Marine sponge-derived smenospongine preferentially eliminates breast cancer stem-like cells via p38/AMPKα pathways. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3965-3976. [PMID: 29982992 PMCID: PMC6089165 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been postulated as responsible for therapeutic failure of breast cancer. Novel agents effectively targeting breast CSCs are urging to be discovered to overcome cancer relapse and metastasis. We recently established a CSC‐like model through ectopic expression Nanog, a core pluripotency factor, in breast cancer cells and validated induced CSC‐like (MCF7‐Nanog) model acquired stem‐like properties. Using this model, we found that smenospongine (Sme), a natural sesquiterpene aminoquinone isolated from marine sponge Spongia pertusa Esper, preferentially inhibited the induced CSC‐like cells proliferation by inducing G0/G1 arrest and intrinsic apoptosis via increasing the phosphorylation level of p38 and AMPKα. Importantly, Sme exhibited the ability to abrogate CSC‐like cells associated with a downregulation of stem cell markers including Nanog, Sox2, and Bmi1. Functionally, Sme inhibited the ability of MCF7‐Nanog cells to form tumor sphere in vitro and develop tumor in vivo. Significant antitumor effects are observed in Sme‐treated mouse xenograft tumor models, with no apparent toxicity to mice. Taken together, our findings provide a CSC‐like model to identify novel CSC‐targeting drugs and identify Sme as a candidate natural agent for treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyun Liu
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Liu
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weizhuo Tang
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Houwen Lin
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Wang W, Kong P, Ma G, Li L, Zhu J, Xia T, Xie H, Zhou W, Wang S. Characterization of the release and biological significance of cell-free DNA from breast cancer cell lines. Oncotarget 2018; 8:43180-43191. [PMID: 28574818 PMCID: PMC5522137 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been proven to be a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. However, there have been few studies on the origin and biological significance of cfDNA. In this study, we assessed the release pattern of cfDNA from breast cancer cell lines under different culture conditions and investigated the biological significance of cfDNA. The cfDNA concentration increased rapidly (6 h) after passage, decreased gradually, and was then maintained at a relatively stable level after 24 h. In addition, the cfDNA concentration did not correlate with the amount of apoptotic and necrotic cells. Interestingly, if more cells were in the G1 phase, more cfDNA was detected (p < 0.01) and the cfDNA concentration correlated positively with the percent of cells in the G1 phase (p < 0.05). We observed that cells could release cfDNA actively, but not exclusively, via exosomes. Furthermore, we showed that cfDNA could stimulate hormone receptor-positive breast cancer cell proliferation by activating the TLR9-NF-κB-cyclin D1 pathway. In conclusion, cfDNA is released from breast cancer mainly by active secretion, and cfDNA could stimulate proliferation of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Peng Kong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ge Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tiansong Xia
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shui Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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28
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Saha M, Kumar S, Bukhari S, Balaji SA, Kumar P, Hindupur SK, Rangarajan A. AMPK-Akt Double-Negative Feedback Loop in Breast Cancer Cells Regulates Their Adaptation to Matrix Deprivation. Cancer Res 2018; 78:1497-1510. [PMID: 29339542 PMCID: PMC6033311 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell detachment from the extracellular matrix triggers anoikis. Disseminated tumor cells must adapt to survive matrix deprivation, while still retaining the ability to attach at secondary sites and reinitiate cell division. In this study, we elucidate mechanisms that enable reversible matrix attachment by breast cancer cells. Matrix deprival triggered AMPK activity and concomitantly inhibited AKT activity by upregulating the Akt phosphatase PHLPP2. The resultant pAMPKhigh/pAktlow state was critical for cell survival in suspension, as PHLPP2 silencing also increased anoikis while impairing autophagy and metastasis. In contrast, matrix reattachment led to Akt-mediated AMPK inactivation via PP2C-α-mediated restoration of the pAkthigh/pAMPKlow state. Clinical specimens of primary and metastatic breast cancer displayed an Akt-associated gene expression signature, whereas circulating breast tumor cells displayed an elevated AMPK-dependent gene expression signature. Our work establishes a double-negative feedback loop between Akt and AMPK to control the switch between matrix-attached and matrix-detached states needed to coordinate cell growth and survival during metastasis.Significance: These findings reveal a molecular switch that regulates cancer cell survival during metastatic dissemination, with the potential to identify targets to prevent metastasis in breast cancer. Cancer Res; 78(6); 1497-510. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manipa Saha
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Saurav Kumar
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Shoiab Bukhari
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sai A Balaji
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, India
| | - Sravanth K Hindupur
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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29
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A Functional Signature Ontology (FUSION) screen detects an AMPK inhibitor with selective toxicity toward human colon tumor cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3770. [PMID: 29491475 PMCID: PMC5830883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AMPK is a serine threonine kinase composed of a heterotrimer of a catalytic, kinase-containing α and regulatory β and γ subunits. Here we show that individual AMPK subunit expression and requirement for survival varies across colon cancer cell lines. While AMPKα1 expression is relatively consistent across colon cancer cell lines, AMPKα1 depletion does not induce cell death. Conversely, AMPKα2 is expressed at variable levels in colon cancer cells. In high expressing SW480 and moderate expressing HCT116 colon cancer cells, siRNA-mediated depletion induces cell death. These data suggest that AMPK kinase inhibition may be a useful component of future therapeutic strategies. We used Functional Signature Ontology (FUSION) to screen a natural product library to identify compounds that were inhibitors of AMPK to test its potential for detecting small molecules with preferential toxicity toward human colon tumor cells. FUSION identified 5′-hydroxy-staurosporine, which competitively inhibits AMPK. Human colon cancer cell lines are notably more sensitive to 5′-hydroxy-staurosporine than are non-transformed human colon epithelial cells. This study serves as proof-of-concept for unbiased FUSION-based detection of small molecule inhibitors of therapeutic targets and highlights its potential to identify novel compounds for cancer therapy development.
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30
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Jin L, Chun J, Pan C, Kumar A, Zhang G, Ha Y, Li D, Alesi GN, Kang Y, Zhou L, Yu WM, Magliocca KR, Khuri FR, Qu CK, Metallo C, Owonikoko TK, Kang S. The PLAG1-GDH1 Axis Promotes Anoikis Resistance and Tumor Metastasis through CamKK2-AMPK Signaling in LKB1-Deficient Lung Cancer. Mol Cell 2017; 69:87-99.e7. [PMID: 29249655 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Loss of LKB1 is associated with increased metastasis and poor prognosis in lung cancer, but the development of targeted agents is in its infancy. Here we report that a glutaminolytic enzyme, glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GDH1), upregulated upon detachment via pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1), provides anti-anoikis and pro-metastatic signals in LKB1-deficient lung cancer. Mechanistically, the GDH1 product α-KG activates CamKK2 by enhancing its substrate AMPK binding, which contributes to energy production that confers anoikis resistance. The effect of GDH1 on AMPK is evident in LKB1-deficient lung cancer, where AMPK activation predominantly depends on CamKK2. Targeting GDH1 with R162 attenuated tumor metastasis in patient-derived xenograft model and correlation studies in lung cancer patients further validated the clinical relevance of our finding. Our study provides insight into the molecular mechanism by which GDH1-mediated metabolic reprogramming of glutaminolysis mediates lung cancer metastasis and offers a therapeutic strategy for patients with LKB1-deficient lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingtao Jin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Jaemoo Chun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chaoyun Pan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Avi Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Guojing Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Youna Ha
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gina N Alesi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Lu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wen-Mei Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kelly R Magliocca
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Fadlo R Khuri
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Cheng-Kui Qu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Christian Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Taofeek K Owonikoko
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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31
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Quintavalle C, Hindupur SK, Quagliata L, Pallante P, Nigro C, Condorelli G, Andersen JB, Tagscherer KE, Roth W, Beguinot F, Heim MH, Ng CKY, Piscuoglio S, Matter MS. Phosphoprotein enriched in diabetes (PED/PEA15) promotes migration in hepatocellular carcinoma and confers resistance to sorafenib. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3138. [PMID: 29072691 PMCID: PMC5682677 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third-leading cause of cancer-related death with limited treatment options and frequent resistance to sorafenib, the only drug currently approved for first-line therapy. Therefore, better understanding of HCC tumor biology and its resistance to treatment is urgently needed. Here, we analyzed the role of phosphoprotein enriched in diabetes (PED) in HCC. PED has been shown to regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration in several types of cancer. However, its function in HCC has not been addressed yet. Our study revealed that both transcript and protein levels of PED were significantly high in HCC compared with non-tumoral tissue. Clinico-pathological correlation revealed that PEDhigh HCCs showed an enrichment of gene signatures associated with metastasis and poor prognosis. Further, we observed that PED overexpression elevated the migration potential and PED silencing the decreased migration potential in liver cancer cell lines without effecting cell proliferation. Interestingly, we found that PED expression was regulated by a hepatocyte specific nuclear factor, HNF4α. A reduction of HNF4α induced an increase in PED expression and consequently, promoted cell migration in vitro. Finally, PED reduced the antitumoral effect of sorafenib by inhibiting caspase-3/7 activity. In conclusion, our data suggest that PED has a prominent role in HCC biology. It acts particularly on promoting cell migration and confers resistance to sorafenib treatment. PED may be a novel target for HCC therapy and serve as a predictive marker for treatment response against sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luca Quagliata
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierlorenzo Pallante
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS), 'G. Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Nigro
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore', National Council of Research, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Gerolama Condorelli
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS), 'G. Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Jesper Bøje Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore', National Council of Research, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Markus Hermann Heim
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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32
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Integrins and Cell Metabolism: An Intimate Relationship Impacting Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010189. [PMID: 28106780 PMCID: PMC5297821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are important regulators of cell survival, proliferation, adhesion and migration. Once activated, integrins establish a regulated link between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. Integrins have well-established functions in cancer, such as in controlling cell survival by engagement of many specific intracellular signaling pathways and in facilitating metastasis. Integrins and associated proteins are regulated by control of transcription, membrane traffic, and degradation, as well as by a number of post-translational modifications including glycosylation, allowing integrin function to be modulated to conform to various cellular needs and environmental conditions. In this review, we examine the control of integrin function by cell metabolism, and the impact of this regulation in cancer. Within this context, nutrient sufficiency or deprivation is sensed by a number of metabolic signaling pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1, which collectively control integrin function by a number of mechanisms. Moreover, metabolic flux through specific pathways also controls integrins, such as by control of integrin glycosylation, thus impacting integrin-dependent cell adhesion and migration. Integrins also control various metabolic signals and pathways, establishing the reciprocity of this regulation. As cancer cells exhibit substantial changes in metabolism, such as a shift to aerobic glycolysis, enhanced glucose utilization and a heightened dependence on specific amino acids, the reciprocal regulation of integrins and metabolism may provide important clues for more effective treatment of various cancers.
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Iyer SV, Parrales A, Begani P, Narkar A, Adhikari AS, Martinez LA, Iwakuma T. Allele-specific silencing of mutant p53 attenuates dominant-negative and gain-of-function activities. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5401-15. [PMID: 26700961 PMCID: PMC4868694 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many p53 hotspot mutants not only lose the transcriptional activity, but also show dominant-negative (DN) and oncogenic gain-of-function (GOF) activities. Increasing evidence indicates that knockdown of mutant p53 (mutp53) in cancer cells reduces their aggressive properties, suggesting that survival and proliferation of cancer cells are, at least partially, dependent on the presence of mutp53. However, these p53 siRNAs can downregulate both wild-type p53 (wtp53) and mutp53, which limits their therapeutic applications. In order to specifically deplete mutp53, we have developed allele-specific siRNAs against p53 hotspot mutants and validated their biological effects in the absence or presence of wtp53. First, the mutp53-specific siRNAs selectively reduced protein levels of matched p53 mutants with minimal reduction in wtp53 levels. Second, downregulation of mutp53 in cancer cells expressing a mutp53 alone (p53mut) resulted in significantly decreased cell proliferation and migration. Third, transfection of mutp53-specific siRNAs in cancer cells expressing both wtp53 and mutp53 also reduced cell proliferation and migration with increased transcripts of p53 downstream target genes, which became further profound when cells were treated with an MDM2 inhibitor Nutlin-3a or a chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin. These results indicate that depletion of mutp53 by its specific siRNA restored endogenous wtp53 activity in cells expressing both wtp53 and mutp53. This is the first study demonstrating biological effects and therapeutic potential of allele-specific silencing of mutp53 by mutp53-specific siRNAs in cancer cells expressing both wtp53 and mutp53, thus providing a novel strategy towards targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi V Iyer
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Alejandro Parrales
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Priya Begani
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Akshay Narkar
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Amit S Adhikari
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Luis A Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Tomoo Iwakuma
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Iyer SV, Ranjan A, Elias HK, Parrales A, Sasaki H, Roy BC, Umar S, Tawfik OW, Iwakuma T. Genome-wide RNAi screening identifies TMIGD3 isoform1 as a suppressor of NF-κB and osteosarcoma progression. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13561. [PMID: 27886186 PMCID: PMC5133659 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of cancer cells to survive and grow in anchorage- and serum-independent conditions is well correlated with their aggressiveness. Here, using a human whole-genome shRNA library, we identify TMIGD3 isoform1 (i1) as a factor that suppresses this ability in osteosarcoma (OS) cells, mainly by inhibiting NF-κB activity. Knockdown of TMIGD3 increases proliferation, tumour formation and metastasis of OS cells. Overexpression of TMIGD3 isoform1 (i1), but not isoform3 (i3) which shares a common C-terminal region, suppresses these malignant properties. Adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR) having an identical N-terminal region shows similar biological profiles to TMIGD3 i1. Protein expression of TMIGD3 and A3AR is lower in human OS tissues than normal tissues. Mechanistically, TMIGD3 i1 and A3AR commonly inhibit the PKA−Akt−NF-κB axis. However, TMIGD3 i1 only partially rescues phenotypes induced by A3AR knockdown, suggesting the presence of distinct pathways. Our findings reveal an unappreciated role for TMIGD3 i1 as a suppressor of NF-κB activity and OS progression. The ability of cancer cells to survive in anchorage-independent conditions correlates with cancer aggressiveness. Here, by screening a human whole-genome shRNA library for the ability of osteosarcoma cells to form spheres in vitro, the authors identify a role for TMIGD3 isoform 1 in suppressing the metastatic potential of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi V Iyer
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Wahl East 2005, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Atul Ranjan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Wahl East 2005, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Harold K Elias
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai St Luke's-Roosevelt, New York 11575, USA
| | - Alejandro Parrales
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Wahl East 2005, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Hiromi Sasaki
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Wahl East 2005, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Badal C Roy
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Ossama W Tawfik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Tomoo Iwakuma
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Wahl East 2005, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
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The protein phosphatase 4 - PEA15 axis regulates the survival of breast cancer cells. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1389-1400. [PMID: 27317964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The control of breast cell survival is of critical importance for preventing breast cancer initiation and progression. The activity of many proteins which regulate cell survival is controlled by reversible phosphorylation, so that the relevant kinases and phosphatases play crucial roles in determining cell fate. Several protein kinases act as oncoproteins in breast cancer and changes in their activities contribute to the process of transformation. Through counteracting the activity of oncogenic kinases, the protein phosphatases are also likely to be important players in breast cancer development, but this class of molecules is relatively poorly understood. Here we have investigated the role of the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 4 in the control of cell survival of breast cancer cells. METHODS The breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, were transfected with expression vectors encoding the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 4 (PP4c) or with PP4c siRNAs. Culture viability, apoptosis, cell migration and cell cycle were assessed. The involvement of phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes 15kDa (PEA15) in PP4c action was investigated by immunoblotting approaches and by siRNA-mediated silencing of PEA15. RESULTS In this study we showed that PP4c over-expression inhibited cell proliferation, enhanced spontaneous apoptosis and decreased the migratory and colony forming abilities of breast cancer cells. Moreover, PP4c down-regulation produced complementary effects. PP4c is demonstrated to regulate the phosphorylation of PEA15, and PEA15 itself regulates the apoptosis of breast cancer cells. The inhibitory effects of PP4c on breast cancer cell survival and growth were lost in PEA15 knockdown cells, confirming that PP4c action is mediated, at least in part, through the de-phosphorylation of apoptosis regulator PEA15. CONCLUSION Our work shows that PP4 regulates breast cancer cell survival and identifies a novel PP4c-PEA15 signalling axis in the control of breast cancer cell survival. The dysfunction of this axis may be important in the development and progression of breast cancer.
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Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. AMPK and HIF signaling pathways regulate both longevity and cancer growth: the good news and the bad news about survival mechanisms. Biogerontology 2016; 17:655-80. [PMID: 27259535 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9655-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling pathways are evolutionarily-conserved survival mechanisms responding to two fundamental stresses, energy deficiency and/or oxygen deprivation. The AMPK and HIF pathways regulate the function of a survival network with several transcription factors, e.g. FOXO, NF-κB, NRF2, and p53, as well as with protein kinases and other factors, such as mTOR, ULK1, HDAC5, and SIRT1. Given that AMPK and HIF activation can enhance not only healthspan and lifespan but also cancer growth in a context-dependent manner; it seems that cancer cells can hijack certain survival factors to maintain their growth in harsh conditions. AMPK activation improves energy metabolism, stimulates autophagy, and inhibits inflammation, whereas HIF-1α increases angiogenesis and helps cells to adapt to severe conditions. First we will review how AMPK and HIF signaling mechanisms control the function of an integrated survival network which is able not only to improve the regulation of longevity but also support the progression of tumorigenesis. We will also describe distinct crossroads between the regulation of longevity and cancer, e.g. specific regulation through the AMPKα and HIF-α isoforms, the Warburg effect, mitochondrial dynamics, and cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029, KYS, Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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Anoikis-resistant cholangiocarcinoma cells display aggressive characteristics and increase STAT3 activation. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2016; 23:397-405. [DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Sundararaman A, Amirtham U, Rangarajan A. Calcium-Oxidant Signaling Network Regulates AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Activation upon Matrix Deprivation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14410-29. [PMID: 27226623 PMCID: PMC4938166 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.731257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has recently been implicated in anoikis resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms that activate AMPK upon matrix detachment remain unexplored. In this study, we show that AMPK activation is a rapid and sustained phenomenon upon matrix deprivation, whereas re-attachment to the matrix leads to its dephosphorylation and inactivation. Because matrix detachment leads to loss of integrin signaling, we investigated whether integrin signaling negatively regulates AMPK activation. However, modulation of focal adhesion kinase or Src, the major downstream components of integrin signaling, failed to cause a corresponding change in AMPK signaling. Further investigations revealed that the upstream AMPK kinases liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) contribute to AMPK activation upon detachment. In LKB1-deficient cells, we found AMPK activation to be predominantly dependent on CaMKKβ. We observed no change in ATP levels under detached conditions at early time points suggesting that rapid AMPK activation upon detachment was not triggered by energy stress. We demonstrate that matrix deprivation leads to a spike in intracellular calcium as well as oxidant signaling, and both these intracellular messengers contribute to rapid AMPK activation upon detachment. We further show that endoplasmic reticulum calcium release-induced store-operated calcium entry contributes to intracellular calcium increase, leading to reactive oxygen species production, and AMPK activation. We additionally show that the LKB1/CaMKK-AMPK axis and intracellular calcium levels play a critical role in anchorage-independent cancer sphere formation. Thus, the Ca2+/reactive oxygen species-triggered LKB1/CaMKK-AMPK signaling cascade may provide a quick, adaptable switch to promote survival of metastasizing cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananthalakshmy Sundararaman
- From the Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012 and
| | - Usha Amirtham
- the Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore-560030, India
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- From the Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012 and
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Abraham A, Natraj U, Karande AA, Gulati A, Murthy MRN, Murugesan S, Mukunda P, Savithri HS. Intracellular delivery of antibodies by chimeric Sesbania mosaic virus (SeMV) virus like particles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21803. [PMID: 26905902 PMCID: PMC4764859 DOI: 10.1038/srep21803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of antibodies has not been fully exploited as they fail to cross cell membrane. In this article, we have tested the possibility of using plant virus based nanoparticles for intracellular delivery of antibodies. For this purpose, Sesbania mosaic virus coat protein (CP) was genetically engineered with the B domain of Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SpA) at the βH-βI loop, to generate SeMV loop B (SLB), which self-assembled to virus like particles (VLPs) with 43 times higher affinity towards antibodies. CP and SLB could internalize into various types of mammalian cells and SLB could efficiently deliver three different monoclonal antibodies–D6F10 (targeting abrin), anti-α-tubulin (targeting intracellular tubulin) and Herclon (against HER2 receptor) inside the cells. Such a mode of delivery was much more effective than antibodies alone treatment. These results highlight the potential of SLB as a universal nanocarrier for intracellular delivery of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambily Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Karnataka, India
| | - Usha Natraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Karnataka, India
| | - Anjali A Karande
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashutosh Gulati
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Karnataka, India
| | - Mathur R N Murthy
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Karnataka, India
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Abstract
This chapter focuses on the role of AMPK as a stress-response molecule with an emphasis on its duplex implication in carcinogenesis and cancer drug resistance. AMPK is closely correlated to the tumor-suppressive functions of LKB1 and P53, consequently modulating the activity of cellular survival signaling such as mTOR and Akt, leading to cell growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest. On the contrary, AMPK is tightly involved in cancer drug resistance via interacting with multiple known mechanisms of chemoresistance such as ABCG2 expression, autophagy induction, and cancer stem cells enrichment. Targeting AMPK has become a novel strategy for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Santinon G, Pocaterra A, Dupont S. Control of YAP/TAZ Activity by Metabolic and Nutrient-Sensing Pathways. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 26:289-299. [PMID: 26750334 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism is a fundamental cellular function that can be reprogrammed by signaling pathways and oncogenes to meet cellular requirements. An emerging paradigm is that signaling and transcriptional networks can be in turn regulated by metabolism, allowing cells to coordinate their metabolism and behavior in an integrated manner. The activity of the YAP/TAZ transcriptional coactivators, downstream transducers of the Hippo cascade and powerful pro-oncogenic factors, was recently found to be regulated by metabolic pathways, such as aerobic glycolysis and mevalonate synthesis, and by the nutrient-sensing LKB1-AMPK and TSC-mTOR pathways. We discuss here current data linking YAP/TAZ to metabolism and suggest how this coupling might coordinate nutrient availability with genetic programs that sustain tissue growth, neoplastic cell proliferation, and tumor malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Santinon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Arianna Pocaterra
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Sirio Dupont
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy.
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Balachander GM, Balaji SA, Rangarajan A, Chatterjee K. Enhanced Metastatic Potential in a 3D Tissue Scaffold toward a Comprehensive in Vitro Model for Breast Cancer Metastasis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:27810-27822. [PMID: 26599258 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is clinically the most challenging and lethal aspect of breast cancer. While animal-based xenograft models are expensive and time-consuming, conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture systems fail to mimic in vivo signaling. In this study we have developed a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold system that better mimics the topography and mechanical properties of the breast tumor, thus recreating the tumor microenvironment in vitro to study breast cancer metastasis. Porous poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds of modulus 7.0 ± 0.5 kPa, comparable to that of breast tumor tissue were fabricated, on which MDA-MB-231 cells proliferated forming tumoroids. A comparative gene expression analysis revealed that cells growing in the scaffolds expressed increased levels of genes implicated in the three major events of metastasis, viz., initiation, progression, and the site-specific colonization compared to cells grown in conventional 2D tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) dishes. The cells cultured in scaffolds showed increased invasiveness and sphere formation efficiency in vitro and increased lung metastasis in vivo. A global gene expression analysis revealed a significant increase in the expression of genes involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and tissue remodeling, cancer inflammation, and the PI3K/Akt, Wnt, NF-kappaB, and HIF1 signaling pathways-all of which are implicated in metastasis. Thus, culturing breast cancer cells in 3D scaffolds that mimic the in vivo tumor-like microenvironment enhances their metastatic potential. This system could serve as a comprehensive in vitro model to investigate the manifold mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowri Manohari Balachander
- Center for Biosystems Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, and §Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sai A Balaji
- Center for Biosystems Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, and §Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Center for Biosystems Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, and §Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Center for Biosystems Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, and §Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
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Evaluation of MicroRNAs Regulating Anoikis Pathways and Its Therapeutic Potential. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:716816. [PMID: 26587543 PMCID: PMC4637442 DOI: 10.1155/2015/716816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been implicated in almost every known survival mechanisms utilized by cancer cells. One of such mechanisms, anoikis resistance, plays a pivotal role in enabling metastasis by allowing cancer cells to circumvent cell death induced by lack of attachment. Understanding how miRNAs regulate the various anoikis pathways has become the research question of increasing number of studies published in the past years. Through these studies, a growing list of miRNAs has been identified to be important players in promoting either anoikis or resistance to anoikis. In this review, we will be focusing on these miRNAs and how the findings from those studies can contribute to novel therapeutic strategies against cancer progression. We will be examining miRNAs that have been found to promote anoikis sensitivity in numerous cancer types followed by miRNAs that inhibit anoikis. In addition, we will also be taking a look at major signaling pathways involved in the action of the each of these miRNAs to gain a better understanding on how miRNAs regulate anoikis.
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On the Quest of Cellular Functions of PEA-15 and the Therapeutic Opportunities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2015; 8:455-73. [PMID: 26263999 PMCID: PMC4588177 DOI: 10.3390/ph8030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes, 15 KDa (PEA-15), a ubiquitously expressed small protein in all mammals, is known for decades for its potent interactions with various protein partners along distinct biological pathways. Most notable interacting partners of PEA-15 include extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, the Fas-associated death domain (FADD) protein involving in the formation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), and the phospholipase D1 (PLD1) affecting the insulin sensitivity. However, the actual cellular functions of PEA-15 are still mysterious, and the question why this protein is expressed in almost all cell and tissue types remains unanswered. Here we synthesize the most recent structural, biological, and clinical studies on PEA-15 with emphases on its anti-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammative properties, and propose a converged protective role of PEA-15 that maintains the balance of death and survival in different cell types. Under conditions that this delicate balance is unsustainable, PEA-15 may become pathological and lead to various diseases, including cancers and diabetes. Targeting PEA-15 interactions, or the use of PEA-15 protein as therapeutics, may provide a wider window of opportunities to treat these diseases.
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Is 5´-AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Both Jekyll and Hyde in Bladder Cancer? Int Neurourol J 2015; 19:55-66. [PMID: 26126434 PMCID: PMC4490316 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2015.19.2.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5´-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis in mammalian tissues. Metabolic adaptation is a critical step in ensuring cell survival during metabolic stress. Because of its critical role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism, AMPK is involved in many human diseases, including cancers. Although AMPK signaling was originally characterized as a tumor-suppressive signaling pathway, several lines of evidence suggest that AMPK plays a much broader role and cannot simply be defined as either an oncogenic regulator or tumor suppressor. Notably, several recent studies demonstrated that the antitumorigenic effects of many indirect AMPK activators, such as metformin, do not depend on AMPK. Conversely, activation of AMPK induces the progression of cancers, emphasizing its oncogenic effect. Bladder cancer can be divided into two groups: non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). The molecular mechanisms underlying these two types of cancer are distinct: NMIBC is associated with activation of the Ras pathway, whereas MIBC is characterized by loss of major tumor suppressors. Importantly, both pathways are connected to the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. In addition, our recent metabolomic findings suggest that β-oxidation of fatty acids is an important factor in the development of bladder cancer. Both mTOR and β-oxidation are tightly associated with the AMPK pathway. Here, I summarize and discuss the recent findings on the two distinct roles of AMPK in cancer, as well as the relationship between bladder cancer and AMPK.
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Carling D, Viollet B. Beyond energy homeostasis: the expanding role of AMP-activated protein kinase in regulating metabolism. Cell Metab 2015; 21:799-804. [PMID: 26039446 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The recent exciting advances in our understanding of the regulation of the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), together with renewed appreciation of its importance in maintaining cellular function, brought together leading scientists at a recent FASEB-sponsored meeting in September 2014. Here, we report some of the highlights of this conference.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France.
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Zadra G, Batista JL, Loda M. Dissecting the Dual Role of AMPK in Cancer: From Experimental to Human Studies. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1059-72. [PMID: 25956158 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The precise role of 5'AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) in cancer and its potential as a therapeutic target is controversial. Although it is well established that activation of this energy sensor inhibits the main anabolic processes that sustain cancer cell proliferation and growth, AMPK activation can confer on cancer cells the plasticity to survive under metabolic stress such as hypoxia and glucose deprivation, which are commonly observed in fast growing tumors. Thus, AMPK is referred to as both a "conditional" tumor suppressor and "contextual" oncogene. To add a further layer of complexity, AMPK activation in human cancer tissues and its correlation with tumor aggressiveness and progression appears to vary in different contexts. The current review discusses the different faces of this metabolic regulator, the therapeutic implications of its modulation, and provides an overview of the most relevant data available on AMPK activation and AMPK-activating drugs in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Zadra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie L Batista
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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The double-edged sword of AMPK signaling in cancer and its therapeutic implications. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:346-57. [PMID: 25575627 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0549-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a pivotal role in maintaining energy and redox homeostasis under various metabolic stress conditions. Metabolic adaptation, which can be triggered by the activation of AMPK during metabolic stress, is the critical process for cell survival through the maintenance of ATP and NADPH levels. The importance of such regulation of fundamental process poses the AMPK signaling pathway in one of the most attractive therapeutic targets in many pathologies such as diabetes and cancer. In cancer, however, accumulating data suggest that the role of AMPK would not be simply defined as anti- or pro-tumorigenic, but it seems to have two faces like a double-edged sword. Importantly, recent studies showed that the anti-tumorigenic effects of many 'indirect' AMPK activators such as anti-diabetic biguanides are not dependent on AMPK; rather the activation of AMPK induces the resistance to their cytotoxic effects, emphasizing the pro-tumorigenic effect of AMPK. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent findings suggesting the two faces of AMPK in cancer, and discuss how we can exploit this unique feature of AMPK for novel therapeutic intervention.
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