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Zhao K, Wu C, Li X, Niu M, Wu D, Cui X, Zhao H. From mechanism to therapy: the journey of CD24 in cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1401528. [PMID: 38881902 PMCID: PMC11176514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1401528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
CD24 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein that is expressed in a wide range of tissues and cell types. It is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis. Additionally, CD24 has been studied extensively in the context of cancer, where it has been found to play a role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. In recent years, there has been growing interest in CD24 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. This review summarizes the current knowledge of CD24, including its structure, function, and its role in cancer. Finally, we provide insights into potential clinical application of CD24 and discuss possible approaches for the development of targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Caifeng Wu
- Department of Hand and Foot, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengchao Niu
- Department of Operation Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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2
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Perelmuter VM, Grigoryeva ES, Savelieva OE, Alifanov VV, Andruhova ES, Zavyalova MV, Bragina OD, Garbukov EY, Menyailo ME, Khozyainova AA, Denisov EV, Cherdyntseva NV, Tashireva LA. EpCAM-CD24+ circulating cells associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12245. [PMID: 38806508 PMCID: PMC11133449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Following the discovery of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood of cancer patients, CTCs were initially postulated to hold promise as a valuable prognostic tool through liquid biopsy. However, a decade and a half of accumulated data have revealed significant complexities in the investigation of CTCs. A challenging aspect lies in the reduced expression or complete loss of key epithelial markers during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This likely hampers the identification of a pathogenetically significant subset of CTCs. Nevertheless, there is a growing body of evidence regarding the prognostic value of such molecules as CD24 expressing in the primary breast tumor. Herewith, the exact relevance of CD24 expression on CTCs remains unclear. We used two epithelial markers (EpCAM and cytokeratin 7/8) to assess the count of CTCs in 57 breast cancer patients, both with (M0mts) and without metastasis (M0) during the follow-up period, as well as in M1 breast cancer patients. However, the investigation of these epithelial markers proved ineffective in identifying cell population expressing different combinations of EpCAM and cytokeratin 7/8 with prognostic significance for breast cancer metastases. Surprisingly, we found CD24+ circulating cells (CCs) in peripheral blood of breast cancer patients which have no epithelial markers (EpCAM and cytokeratin 7/8) but was strongly associated with distant metastasis. Namely, the count of CD45-EpCAM-CK7/8-CD24+ N-cadherin-CCs was elevated in both groups of patients, those with existing metastasis and those who developed metastases during the follow-up period. Simultaneously, an elevation in these cell counts beyond the established threshold of 218.3 cells per 1 mL of blood in patients prior to any treatment predicted a 12-fold risk of metastases, along with a threefold decrease in distant metastasis-free survival over a 90-month follow-up period. The origin of CD45-EpCAM-CK7/8-CD24+ N-cadherin-CCs remains unclear. In our opinion their existence can be explained by two most probable hypotheses. These cells could exhibit a terminal EMT phenotype, or it might be immature cells originating from the bone marrow. Nonetheless, if this hypothesis holds true, it's worth noting that the mentioned CCs do not align with any of the recognized stages of monocyte or neutrophil maturation, primarily due to the presence of CD45 expression in the myeloid cells. The results suggest the presence in the peripheral blood of patients with metastasis (both during the follow-up period and prior to inclusion in the study) of a cell population with a currently unspecified origin, possibly arising from both myeloid and tumor sources, as confirmed by the presence of aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Perelmuter
- The Department of General and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E S Grigoryeva
- The Laboratory of Molecular Therapy of Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
- The Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - O E Savelieva
- The Department of General and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V V Alifanov
- The Department of General and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E S Andruhova
- The Department of General and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M V Zavyalova
- The Department of General and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - O D Bragina
- The Department of General Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E Yu Garbukov
- The Department of General Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M E Menyailo
- The Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A A Khozyainova
- The Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E V Denisov
- The Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N V Cherdyntseva
- The Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - L A Tashireva
- The Department of General and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- The Laboratory of Molecular Therapy of Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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Piwocka O, Musielak M, Ampuła K, Piotrowski I, Adamczyk B, Fundowicz M, Suchorska WM, Malicki J. Navigating challenges: optimising methods for primary cell culture isolation. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:28. [PMID: 38212739 PMCID: PMC10785493 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary cell lines are invaluable for exploring cancer biology and investigating novel treatments. Despite their numerous advantages, primary cultures are laborious to obtain and maintain in culture. Hence, established cell lines are still more common. This study aimed to evaluate a range of techniques for isolating primary breast cancer cultures, employing distinct enzymatic compositions, incubation durations, and mechanical approaches, including filtration. Out of several protocols, we opted for a highly effective method (Method 5) that gave rise to a primary cell culture (BC160). This method combines mechanical disaggregation and enzymatic digestion with hyaluronidase and collagenase. Moreover, the paper addresses common issues in isolating primary cultures, shedding light on the struggle against fibroblasts overgrowing cancer cell populations. To make primary cell lines a preferred model, it is essential to elaborate and categorise isolation methods, develop approaches to separate heterogeneous cultures and investigate factors influencing the establishment of primary cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Piwocka
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland.
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland.
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, 61- 866, Poland.
| | - Marika Musielak
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, 61- 866, Poland
| | - Karolina Ampuła
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, 61-614, Poland
| | - Igor Piotrowski
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, 61- 866, Poland
| | - Beata Adamczyk
- Breast Surgical Oncology Department, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, 61-866, Poland
| | | | - Wiktoria Maria Suchorska
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, 61- 866, Poland
| | - Julian Malicki
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
- Medical Physics Department, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, 61-866, Poland
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4
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Emerging phagocytosis checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:104. [PMID: 36882399 PMCID: PMC9990587 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, mainly including immune checkpoints-targeted therapy and the adoptive transfer of engineered immune cells, has revolutionized the oncology landscape as it utilizes patients' own immune systems in combating the cancer cells. Cancer cells escape immune surveillance by hijacking the corresponding inhibitory pathways via overexpressing checkpoint genes. Phagocytosis checkpoints, such as CD47, CD24, MHC-I, PD-L1, STC-1 and GD2, have emerged as essential checkpoints for cancer immunotherapy by functioning as "don't eat me" signals or interacting with "eat me" signals to suppress immune responses. Phagocytosis checkpoints link innate immunity and adaptive immunity in cancer immunotherapy. Genetic ablation of these phagocytosis checkpoints, as well as blockade of their signaling pathways, robustly augments phagocytosis and reduces tumor size. Among all phagocytosis checkpoints, CD47 is the most thoroughly studied and has emerged as a rising star among targets for cancer treatment. CD47-targeting antibodies and inhibitors have been investigated in various preclinical and clinical trials. However, anemia and thrombocytopenia appear to be formidable challenges since CD47 is ubiquitously expressed on erythrocytes. Here, we review the reported phagocytosis checkpoints by discussing their mechanisms and functions in cancer immunotherapy, highlight clinical progress in targeting these checkpoints and discuss challenges and potential solutions to smooth the way for combination immunotherapeutic strategies that involve both innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Vipparthi K, Hari K, Chakraborty P, Ghosh S, Patel AK, Ghosh A, Biswas NK, Sharan R, Arun P, Jolly MK, Singh S. Emergence of hybrid states of stem-like cancer cells correlates with poor prognosis in oral cancer. iScience 2022; 25:104317. [PMID: 35602941 PMCID: PMC9114525 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell state transitions emerged as powerful mechanisms responsible for drug tolerance and overall poor prognosis; however, evidences were largely missing in oral cancer. Here, by multiplexing phenotypic markers of stem-like cancer cells (SLCCs); CD44, CD24 and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), we characterized diversity among multiple oral tumor tissues and cell lines. Two distinct patterns of spontaneous transitions with stochastic bidirectional interconversions on ‘ALDH-axis’, and unidirectional non-interconvertible transitions on ‘CD24-axis’ were observed. Interestingly, plastic ‘ALDH-axis’ was harnessed by cells to adapt to a Cisplatin tolerant state. Furthermore, phenotype-specific RNA sequencing suggested the possible maintenance of intermediate hybrid cell states maintaining stemness within the differentiating subpopulations. Importantly, survival analysis with subpopulation-specific gene sets strongly suggested that cell-state transitions may drive non-genetic heterogeneity, resulting in poor prognosis. Therefore, we have described the phenotypic-composition of heterogeneous subpopulations critical for global tumor behavior in oral cancer; which may provide prerequisite knowledge for treatment strategies. Demonstrated population trajectory driven non-genetic heterogeneity in oral cancer Created transition maps for subpopulations using discrete time Markov chain model Demonstrated maintenance of stemness in cells undergoing differentiation Uniquely expressed genes of these subpopulations associated with disease prognosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Vipparthi
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Kishore Hari
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, India Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Priyanka Chakraborty
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, India Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Subhashis Ghosh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Patel
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Nidhan Kumar Biswas
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Rajeev Sharan
- Head and Neck Surgery, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, West Bengal 700160, India
| | - Pattatheyil Arun
- Head and Neck Surgery, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, West Bengal 700160, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, India Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
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Chen XX, Tao T, Gao S, Wang H, Zhou XM, Gao YY, Hang CH, Li W. Knock-Down of CD24 in Astrocytes Aggravates Oxyhemoglobin-Induced Hippocampal Neuron Impairment. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:590-600. [PMID: 34665391 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), as one of the most severe hemorrhagic strokes, is closely related to neuronal damage. Neurogenesis is a promising therapy, however, reliable targets are currently lacking. Increasing evidence has indicated that CD24 is associated with the growth of hippocampal neurons and the regulation of neural stem/precursor cell proliferation. To investigate the potential effect of CD24 in astrocytes on neuron growth in the hippocampus, we used a Transwell co-culture system of hippocampal astrocytes and neurons, and oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) was added to the culture medium to mimic SAH in vitro. A specific lentivirus was used to knock down CD24 expression in astrocytes, which was verified by western blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescent staining. Astrocyte activation, neurite elongation, neuronal apoptosis, and cell viability were also assessed. We first determined the augmented expression level of CD24 in hippocampal astrocytes after SAH. A similar result was observed in cultured astrocytes exposed to OxyHb, and a corresponding change in SHP2/ERK was also noticed. CD24 in astrocytes was then downregulated by the lentivirus, which led to the impairment of axons and dendrites on the co-cultured neurons. Aggravated neuronal apoptosis was induced by the CD24 downregulation in astrocytes, which might be a result of a lower level of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In conclusion, the knock-down of CD24 in astrocytes suppressed hippocampal neuron growth, in which the SHP2-ERK signaling pathway and BNDF were possibly involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sen Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medicine University (Guangzhou), Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Yue Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Chun-Hua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Liang J, Zhao YJ, Li JQ, Lan L, Tao WJ, Wu JY. A pilot study on biological characteristics of human CD24(+) stem cells from the apical papilla. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:264-275. [PMID: 35028047 PMCID: PMC8739277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose CD24 is a specific cell surface marker for undifferentiated dental stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) seen only during root development, before the tooth emerges through gum. But the comprehensive role of CD24 in the SCAPs is unclear. This study aims to clarify the exact roles of CD24 in SCAPs. Materials and methods SCAPs were divided into CD24 (+)-SCAPs (high percentage CD24) and CD24 (-)-SCAPs (low percentage CD24) via flow cytometry. The proliferation, migration and osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation of the two groups were detected, RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of osteogenic/adipogenic related genes and thegene expression were analyzed. Results The proliferative and migratory ability of CD24 (-)-SCAPs were significantly stronger than that of CD24 (+)-SCAPs. Although, the mineralization process and the osteogenic genes expression were not significantly difference in the two groups. Both CD24 (+)-SCAPs and CD24 (-)-SCAPs differentiated into adipocytes. The adipogenic differentiation in CD24 (+)-SCAPs was better than that in CD24 (-)-SCAPs, after 3 weeks of adipogenic induction. However, the expression of adipogenic related gene, PPAR γ2 mRNA in CD24 (+)-SCAPs was lower than that in CD24 (-)-SCAPs after 1 week of adipogenic induction. But the trend changed for the opposite after 3 weeks. Conclusion The study proposes that CD24 has a regulatory effect on the adipogenic differentiation of SCAPs, and this may be attained by targeting the PPAR γ2 mRNA. Concurrently, it was found that CD24 plays an inhibitory role in the proliferation and migration of SCAPs, which may minimize the manifestation of diseases caused by an abnormal cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, PR China.,Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research of Higher Education Institution of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, PR China
| | - Ya-Jin Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, PR China.,Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research of Higher Education Institution of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, PR China
| | - Jun-Qing Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, PR China.,Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research of Higher Education Institution of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, PR China
| | - Lan Lan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, PR China.,Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research of Higher Education Institution of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, PR China
| | - Wen-Jing Tao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, PR China.,Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research of Higher Education Institution of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, PR China
| | - Jia-Yuan Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, PR China.,Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research of Higher Education Institution of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, PR China
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TMEM176B Regulates AKT/mTOR Signaling and Tumor Growth in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123430. [PMID: 34943938 PMCID: PMC8700203 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TMEM176B is a member of the membrane spanning 4-domains (MS4) family of transmembrane proteins, and a putative ion channel that is expressed in immune cells and certain cancers. We aimed to understand the role of TMEM176B in cancer cell signaling, gene expression, cell proliferation, and migration in vitro, as well as tumor growth in vivo. We generated breast cancer cell lines with overexpressed and silenced TMEM176B, and a therapeutic antibody targeting TMEM176B. Proliferation and migration assays were performed in vitro, and tumor growth was evaluated in vivo. We performed gene expression and Western blot analyses to identify the most differentially regulated genes and signaling pathways in cells with TMEM176B overexpression and silencing. Silencing TMEM176B or inhibiting it with a therapeutic antibody impaired cell proliferation, while overexpression increased proliferation in vitro. Syngeneic and xenograft tumor studies revealed the attenuated growth of tumors with TMEM176B gene silencing compared with controls. We found that the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was activated or repressed in cells overexpressing or silenced for TMEM176B, respectively. Overall, our results suggest that TMEM176B expression in breast cancer cells regulates key signaling pathways and genes that contribute to cancer cell growth and progression, and is a potential target for therapeutic antibodies.
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Predictors of the CD24/CD11b Biomarker among Healthy Subjects. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11090939. [PMID: 34575716 PMCID: PMC8471999 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The CD24 gene has raised considerable interest in tumor biology as a new prognostic factor and a biomarker for the early detection of cancer. There are currently no studies that assess predictors of CD24 in blood tests among healthy individuals. Our aims were (1) to evaluate predictors of the CD24/CD11b biomarker among healthy subjects and (2) to assess CD24/CD11b levels of participants with and without benign tumors. Our cohort included 1640 healthy subjects, aged 20-85, recruited at the Health Promotion and Integrated Cancer Prevention Center (ICPC) in the Tel Aviv Medical Center. Eligible subjects completed a detailed questionnaire on medical history and other epidemiologic information. CD24/CD11b expression in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) obtained from blood samples of participants was analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results showed that the average levels of CD24/CD11b in healthy patients (22.8 ± 9.3) was statistically significant lower compared to subjects with benign cancers (26.1 ± 10.5, p < 0.001). Our multivariable analysis demonstrated that elevated levels of CRP (coefficient β: 1.98, p = 0.011) were significantly associated with high levels of CD24/CD11b expression among healthy participants. Other risk factors of cancer were not associated with elevated CD24 levels among healthy subjects. In conclusion, our findings may assist in further development and optimization of the CD24/CD11b biomarker to serve as a cancer screening test for early detection of cancer among the healthy population.
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10
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Ni YH, Zhao X, Wang W. CD24, A Review of its Role in Tumor Diagnosis, Progression and Therapy. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 20:109-126. [PMID: 32576128 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220666200623170738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CD24, is a mucin-like GPI-anchored molecules. By immunohistochemistry, it is widely detected in many solid tumors, such as breast cancers, genital system cancers, digestive system cancers, neural system cancers and so on. The functional roles of CD24 are either fulfilled by combination with ligands or participate in signal transduction, which mediate the initiation and progression of neoplasms. However, the character of CD24 remains to be intriguing because there are still opposite voices about the impact of CD24 on tumors. In preclinical studies, CD24 target therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, target silencing by RNA interference and immunotherapy, have shown us brighten futures on the anti-tumor application. Nevertheless, evidences based on clinical studies are urgently needed. Here, with expectancy to spark new ideas, we summarize the relevant studies about CD24 from a tumor perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hong Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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Wu H, Liu J, Wang Z, Yuan W, Chen L. Prospects of antibodies targeting CD47 or CD24 in the treatment of glioblastoma. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:1105-1117. [PMID: 34363319 PMCID: PMC8446212 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a malignant tumor with the highest incidence among all brain tumors (about 46% of intracranial tumors) and is the most common primary intracranial tumor. Among them, glioblastoma (GBM) is highly malignant and is one of the three refractory tumors with the highest mortality rate in the world. The survival time from glioblastoma diagnosis to death is only 14–16 months for patients with standard treatment such as surgery plus radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Due to its high malignancy and poor prognosis, in‐depth studies have been conducted to explore effective therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma. In addition to the conventional surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the glioblastoma treatments also include targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and electric field treatment. However, current treatment methods provide limited benefits because of the heterogeneity of glioblastoma and the complexity of the immune microenvironment within a tumor. Therefore, seeking an effective treatment plan is imperative. In particular, developing an active immunotherapy for glioblastoma has become an essential objective in the field. This article reviews the feasibility of CD47/CD24 antibody treatment, either individually or in combination, to target the tumor stem cells and the antitumor immunity in glioblastoma. The potential mechanisms underlying the antitumor effects of CD47/CD24 antibodies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Chinese PLA Institute of Neurosurgery, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Chinese PLA Institute of Neurosurgery, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifei Wang
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Chinese PLA Institute of Neurosurgery, Beijing, China
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12
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Mohseni-Dargah M, Akbari-Birgani S, Madadi Z, Saghatchi F, Kaboudin B. Carbon nanotube-delivered iC9 suicide gene therapy for killing breast cancer cells in vitro. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:1033-1047. [PMID: 30925115 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To induce a safe death to MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line through gene therapy based on iC9 suicide gene. MATERIALS & METHODS To induce apoptosis to MCF-7 cell line, iC9 gene was transfected using pyridine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Then, to enhance chemotherapy, iC9 suicide gene therapy was performed alongside. RESULTS The results show that the MCF-7 cells were efficiently eliminated in a high percentage by this approach. Furthermore, the suicide gene by itself/in combination with the chemotherapeutic drugs managed to pass the cell cycle arrests. CONCLUSION We introduced an in vitro treatment approach based on suicide gene therapy and the first step was taken toward the enhancement of chemotherapy, although more investigation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Mohseni-Dargah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Shiva Akbari-Birgani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran.,Center for Research in Basic Sciences, & Contemporary Technologies (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Madadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Saghatchi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Babak Kaboudin
- Center for Research in Basic Sciences, & Contemporary Technologies (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
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13
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Huang S, Yuan N, Wang G, Wu F, Feng L, Luo M, Li M, Luo A, Zhao X, Zhang L. Cellular communication promotes mammosphere growth and collective invasion through microtubule‑like structures and angiogenesis. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:3297-3312. [PMID: 30542711 PMCID: PMC6196647 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Networks of nanotubes and microtubules are highly valued in cellular communication, and collective cancer movement has been revealed to be associated with cell information exchange. In the present study, cellular communication was demonstrated to participate in mammosphere growth, differentiation and collective invasion. By promoting differentiation, networks of cells and microtubule-like structures were verified. Analyses of cell cycle progression, stemness markers and gene expression indicated that mammospheres had collective characteristics of stemness and differentiation. Invasion assays revealed that networks of microtubule-like structures promoted collective invasion. Conversely, using anti-angiogenic intervention, the growth of stem-like mammospheres and cellular communication links were effectively inhibited. In vivo experiments revealed that cellular communication promoted tumor growth and metastasis through the formation of nodular fusion, cluttered microtubule-like structures and cancer stem cells, as well as vascular niches. In conclusion, the present results demonstrated that a network of cells and structures were largely present in mammosphere cellular communication in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, blocking cellular communication may prove beneficial in halting the progression of mammary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangke Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Na Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Guanying Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Minna Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Anqi Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xinhan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Lingxiao Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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14
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Tarhriz V, Bandehpour M, Dastmalchi S, Ouladsahebmadarek E, Zarredar H, Eyvazi S. Overview of CD24 as a new molecular marker in ovarian cancer. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2134-2142. [PMID: 30317611 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death among women. The high mortality rate is due to lack of early symptoms, late diagnosis, limited treatment options, and also emerging of drug resistance. Todays, molecular markers have become promising in tumor-targeted therapy. Several molecular markers have been known in OC immunotherapy. Identification of the specific molecular markers with prognostic significance is interested. CD24 is a small sialoglycoprotein which is localized in lipid rafts through its glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. It has been reported that CD24 is overexpressed in many cancers including OC. Also, CD24 is identified as a cancer stem cell marker in OC. The CD24 expression is associated with the development, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. The exact role of CD24 in cancer cells is not clearly understood. Recently, CD24 has been identified as an independent prognostic marker of survival in patients with OC. In this study, we reviewed the molecular targets in OC immune-targeted therapy and also presented an overview of the new molecular marker CD24 and its association with the OC by reviewing the recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Tarhriz
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Bandehpour
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Elaheh Ouladsahebmadarek
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Clinical Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Habib Zarredar
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Clinical Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shirin Eyvazi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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15
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Huang S, Feng L, An G, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Han R, Lei F, Zhang Y, Luo A, Jing X, Zhao L, Gu S, Zhao X, Zhang L. Ribosome display and selection of single-chain variable fragments effectively inhibit growth and progression of microspheres in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1503-1512. [PMID: 29575477 PMCID: PMC5980252 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinguishing the surface markers of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is a useful method for early diagnosis and treatment of tumors, as CSCs may participate in tumorigenesis and metastasis by migrating into the circulatory system. However, the potential targets of CSCs are expressed at low levels in the natural state and are always changing. Thus, dynamic screening has been reported to be an effective measure for exploring CSC markers. In recent years, diverse single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) have been widely used in immunotherapy. In this study, we determined that the scFvs, screened using RD, had a high affinity to microspheres and could inhibit their progression. We also observed that the selected scFvs underwent evolution in vitro, and antitumor-associated proteins were successfully expressed. Combined with chemotherapy, the scFvs had a synergistic effect on the inhibition of the microspheres' progression in vitro and in vivo, which could be ascribed to their high affinity for stem-like cells and the inhibition of the microspheres' collective behaviors. In addition, proteins inhibiting CD44+ /CD24+ and MAPK were involved. Our data indicated that dynamic screening of the scFvs in a natural state was of great significance in the inhibition of the microspheres in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangke Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gaili An
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Department of The Medical School of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Zixuan Zhao
- Elite Property Management Ltd., Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fuxi Lei
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Anqi Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Jing
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shanzhi Gu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinhan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lingxiao Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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16
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Reduced mannosidase MAN1A1 expression leads to aberrant N-glycosylation and impaired survival in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:847-856. [PMID: 29381688 PMCID: PMC5877434 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in protein glycosylation have been related to malignant transformation and tumour progression. We recently showed that low mRNA levels of Golgi alpha-mannosidase MAN1A1 correlate with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. METHODS We analysed the role of MAN1A1 on a protein level using western blot analysis (n=105) and studied the impact of MAN1A1-related glycosylation on the prognostic relevance of adhesion molecules involved in breast cancer using microarray data (n=194). Functional consequences of mannosidase inhibition using the inhibitor kifunensine or MAN1A1 silencing were investigated in breast cancer cells in vitro. RESULTS Patients with low/moderate MAN1A1 expression in tumours showed significantly shorter disease-free intervals than those with high MAN1A1 levels (P=0.005). Moreover, low MAN1A1 expression correlated significantly with nodal status, grading and brain metastasis. At an mRNA level, membrane proteins ALCAM and CD24 were only significantly prognostic in tumours with high MAN1A1 expression. In vitro, reduced MAN1A1 expression or mannosidase inhibition led to a significantly increased adhesion of breast cancer cells to endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the prognostic role of MAN1A1 in breast cancer by affecting the adhesive properties of tumour cells and the strong influence of this glycosylation enzyme on the prognostic impact of some adhesion proteins.
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17
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Tokar T, Pastrello C, Ramnarine VR, Zhu CQ, Craddock KJ, Pikor LA, Vucic EA, Vary S, Shepherd FA, Tsao MS, Lam WL, Jurisica I. Differentially expressed microRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma invert effects of copy number aberrations of prognostic genes. Oncotarget 2018; 9:9137-9155. [PMID: 29507679 PMCID: PMC5823624 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In many cancers, significantly down- or upregulated genes are found within chromosomal regions with DNA copy number alteration opposite to the expression changes. Generally, this paradox has been overlooked as noise, but can potentially be a consequence of interference of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, including microRNA-mediated control of mRNA levels. To explore potential associations between microRNAs and paradoxes in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) we curated and analyzed lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) data, comprising gene expressions, copy number aberrations (CNAs) and microRNA expressions. We integrated data from 1,062 tumor samples and 241 normal lung samples, including newly-generated array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) data from 63 LUAD samples. We identified 85 “paradoxical” genes whose differential expression consistently contrasted with aberrations of their copy numbers. Paradoxical status of 70 out of 85 genes was validated on sample-wise basis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) LUAD data. Of these, 41 genes are prognostic and form a clinically relevant signature, which we validated on three independent datasets. By meta-analysis of results from 9 LUAD microRNA expression studies we identified 24 consistently-deregulated microRNAs. Using TCGA-LUAD data we showed that deregulation of 19 of these microRNAs explains differential expression of the paradoxical genes. Our results show that deregulation of paradoxical genes is crucial in LUAD and their expression pattern is maintained epigenetically, defying gene copy number status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Tokar
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chiara Pastrello
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Varune R Ramnarine
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chang-Qi Zhu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kenneth J Craddock
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Larrisa A Pikor
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Emily A Vucic
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Simon Vary
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Frances A Shepherd
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wan L Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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18
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Ben-Shmuel S, Rashed R, Rostoker R, Isakov E, Shen-Orr Z, LeRoith D. Activating Transcription Factor-5 Knockdown Reduces Aggressiveness of Mammary Tumor Cells and Attenuates Mammary Tumor Growth. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:173. [PMID: 28785242 PMCID: PMC5519529 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor-5 (ATF5) is an anti-apoptotic factor and has been implicated in enhancing the survival of cancer cells under stress and in regulating the autophagy process. Targeting ATF5 in anticancer therapy may be particularly attractive because of its differential role in cancer cells than in non-transformed cells, thus allowing specificity of the treatment. Using the delivery of short hairpin RNA vectors into the Mvt1 and Met1 cell lines, we tested the role of ATF5 in the development of mammary tumors in vivo and in regulating proliferation and migration of these cells in vitro. In this study, we demonstrate that knockdown of ATF5 (ATF5-KD) in both cell lines results in a decreased tumor volume and weight, as well as in a reduced proliferation rate and migratory potential of the cells. In addition, ATF5-KD led to an increased autophagy flux and a shift in the sub-populations comprising Mvt1 cells from the aggressive CD24-positive cells toward less aggressive CD24-negative cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that ATF5 plays an important role in enhancing mammary tumor cells overall aggressiveness and in promoting mammary tumor growth and emphasize the possible benefit of anti-ATF5 therapy in breast cancer patients, particularly, against tumors characterized with the positive expression of cell surface CD24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Ben-Shmuel
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rola Rashed
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ran Rostoker
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elina Isakov
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zila Shen-Orr
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Derek LeRoith,
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19
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The CD24 surface antigen in neural development and disease. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 99:133-144. [PMID: 27993646 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A cell's surface molecular signature enables its reciprocal interactions with the associated microenvironments in development, tissue homeostasis and pathological processes. The CD24 surface antigen (heat-stable antigen, nectadrin; small cell lung cancer antigen cluster-4) represents a prime example of a neural surface molecule that has long been known, but whose diverse molecular functions in intercellular communication we have only begun to unravel. Here, we briefly summarize the molecular fundamentals of CD24 structure and provide a comprehensive review of CD24 expression and functional studies in mammalian neural developmental systems and disease models (rodent, human). Striving for an integrated view of the intracellular signaling processes involved, we discuss the most pertinent routes of CD24-mediated signaling pathways and functional networks in neurobiology (neural migration, neurite extension, neurogenesis) and pathology (tumorigenesis, multiple sclerosis).
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20
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Skoda J, Hermanova M, Loja T, Nemec P, Neradil J, Karasek P, Veselska R. Co-Expression of Cancer Stem Cell Markers Corresponds to a Pro-Tumorigenic Expression Profile in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159255. [PMID: 27414409 PMCID: PMC4945008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies. Its dismal prognosis is often attributed to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that have been identified in PDAC using various markers. However, the co-expression of all of these markers has not yet been evaluated. Furthermore, studies that compare the expression levels of CSC markers in PDAC tumor samples and in cell lines derived directly from those tumors are lacking. Here, we analyzed the expression of putative CSC markers—CD24, CD44, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), CD133, and nestin—by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and quantitative PCR in 3 PDAC-derived cell lines and by immunohistochemistry in 3 corresponding tumor samples. We showed high expression of the examined CSC markers among all of the cell lines and tumor samples, with the exception of CD24 and CD44, which were enriched under in vitro conditions compared with tumor tissues. The proportions of cells positive for the remaining markers were comparable to those detected in the corresponding tumors. Co-expression analysis using flow cytometry revealed that CD24+/CD44+/EpCAM+/CD133+ cells represented a significant population of the cells (range, 43 to 72%) among the cell lines. The highest proportion of CD24+/CD44+/EpCAM+/CD133+ cells was detected in the cell line derived from the tumor of a patient with the shortest survival. Using gene expression profiling, we further identified the specific pro-tumorigenic expression profile of this cell line compared with the profiles of the other two cell lines. Together, CD24+/CD44+/EpCAM+/CD133+ cells are present in PDAC cell lines derived from primary tumors, and their increased proportion corresponds with a pro-tumorigenic gene expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Skoda
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Hermanova
- 1st Department of Pathological Anatomy, St. Anne’s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Loja
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Nemec
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Neradil
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Karasek
- Department of Complex Oncology Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Veselska
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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21
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Rostoker R, Ben-Shmuel S, Rashed R, Shen Orr Z, LeRoith D. CD24 cell surface expression in Mvt1 mammary cancer cells serves as a biomarker for sensitivity to anti-IGF1R therapy. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:51. [PMID: 27179633 PMCID: PMC4867988 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pro-tumorigenic effects of the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) are well described. IGF1R promotes cancer cell survival and proliferation and prevents apoptosis, and, additionally it was shown that IGF1R levels are significantly elevated in most common human malignancies including breast cancer. However, results from phase 3 clinical trials in unselected patients demonstrated lack of efficacy for anti-IGF1R therapy. These findings suggest that predictive biomarkers are greatly warranted in order to identify patients that will benefit from anti-IGF1R therapeutic strategies. Methods Using the delivery of shRNA vectors into the Mvt1 cell line, we tested the role of the IGF1R in the development of mammary tumors. Based on CD24 cell surface expression, control and IGF1R-knockdown (IGF1R-KD) cells were FACS sorted into CD24− and CD24+ subsets and further characterized in vitro. The tumorigenic capacity of each was determined following orthotopic inoculation into the mammary fat pad of female mice. Tumor cells were FACS characterized upon sacrifice to determine IGF1R effect on the plasticity of this cell’s phenotype. Metastatic capacity of the cells was assessed using the tail vein assay. Results In this study we demonstrate that downregulation of the IGF1R specifically in cancer cells expressing CD24 on the cell surface membrane affect both their morphology (from mesenchymal-like into epithelial-like morphology) and phenotype in vitro. Moreover, we demonstrate that IGF1R-KD abolished both CD24+ cells capacity to form mammary tumors and lung metastatic lesions. We found in both cells and tumors a marked upregulation in CTFG and a significant reduction of SLP1 expression in the CD24+/IGF1R-KD; tumor-suppressor and tumor-promoting genes respectively. Moreover, we demonstrate here that the IGF1R is essential for the maintenance of stem/progenitor-like cancer cells and we further demonstrate that IGF1R-KD induces in vivo differentiation of the CD24+ cells toward the CD24- phenotype. This further supports the antitumorigenic effects of IGF1R-KD, as we recently published that these differentiated cells demonstrate significantly lower tumorigenic capacity compared with their CD24+ counterparts. Conclusions Taken together these findings suggest that CD24 cell surface expression may serve as a valuable biomarker in order to identify mammary tumors that will positively respond to targeted IGF1R therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-016-0711-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Rostoker
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sarit Ben-Shmuel
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rola Rashed
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zila Shen Orr
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel. .,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York City, NY, USA.
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22
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Majores M, Schindler A, Fuchs A, Stein J, Heukamp L, Altevogt P, Kristiansen G. Membranous CD24 expression as detected by the monoclonal antibody SWA11 is a prognostic marker in non-small cell lung cancer patients. BMC Clin Pathol 2015; 15:19. [PMID: 26578846 PMCID: PMC4647809 DOI: 10.1186/s12907-015-0019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms worldwide and has a high mortality rate. To enable individualized therapy regimens, a better understanding of the molecular tumor biology has still to be elucidated. The expression of the cell surface protein CD24 has already been claimed to be associated with shorter patient survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however, the prognostic value and applicability of CD24 immunostaining in paraffin embedded tissue specimens has been questioned due to the recent acknowledgement of restricted epitope specificity of the commonly used antibody SN3b. METHODS A cohort of 137 primary NSCLC cases was immunostained with a novel CD24 antibody (clone SWA11), which specifically recognizes the CD24 protein core and the resulting expression data were compared with expression profiles based on the monoclonal antibody SN3b. Furthermore, expression data were correlated to clinico-pathological parameters. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were conducted with Kaplan Meier estimates and Cox regression, respectively. RESULTS CD24 positivity was found in 34 % resp. 21 % (SN3b) of NSCLC with a membranous and/or cytoplasmic staining pattern. Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that membranous, but not cytoplasmic CD24 expression (clone SWA11) was associated with lympho-nodular spread and shorter overall survival times (both p < 0.05). CD24 expression established by SN3b antibodies did not reveal significant clinicopathological correlations with overall survival, neither for cytoplasmic nor membranous CD24 staining. CONCLUSIONS Membranous CD24 immunoreactivity, as detected with antibody clone SWA11 may serve as a prognostic factor for lymphonodular spread and poorer overall survival. Furthermore, these results corroborate the importance of a careful distinction between membranous and cytoplasmic localisation, if CD24 is to be considered as a potential prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Majores
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Schindler
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Angela Fuchs
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Stein
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Peter Altevogt
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
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Rostoker R, Jayaprakash AD, Sachidanandam R, LeRoith D. Deep sequencing of mRNA in CD24(-) and CD24(+) mammary carcinoma Mvt1 cell line. GENOMICS DATA 2015; 5:399-401. [PMID: 26484297 PMCID: PMC4583690 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CD24 is an anchored cell surface marker that is highly expressed in cancer cells (Lee et al., 2009) and its expression is associated with poorer outcome of cancer patients (Kristiansen et al., 2003). Phenotype comparison between two subpopulations derived from the Mvt1 cell line, CD24(-) cells (with no CD24 cell surface expression) and the CD24(+) cells, identified high tumorigenic capacity for the CD24(+) cells. In order to reveal the transcripts that support the CD24(+) aggressive and invasive phenotype we compared the gene profiles of these two subpopulations. mRNA profiles of CD24(-) and CD24(+) cells were generated by deep sequencing, in triplicate, using an Illumina HiSeq 2500. Here we provide a detailed description of the mRNA-seq analysis from our recent study (Rostoker et al., 2015). The mRNA-seq data have been deposited in the NCBI GEO database (accession number GSE68746).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Rostoker
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Haifa 31096, Israel ; Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | | | - Ravi Sachidanandam
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, United States
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Departments of Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, United States
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