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Gao H, Tong X, Hu W, Wang Y, Lee K, Xu X, Shi J, Pei Z, Lu W, Chen Y, Zhang R, Wang Z, Wang Z, Han C, Wang Y, Feng Y. Three-dimensional visualization of electroacupuncture-induced activation of brown adipose tissue via sympathetic innervation in PCOS rats. Chin Med 2022; 17:48. [PMID: 35436959 PMCID: PMC9016980 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00603-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-frequency electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to ameliorate obesity and reproductive dysfunctions in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and further explorations in PCOS-like rats showed that EA could affect white adipose tissue. However, the function and neuromodulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in PCOS and after EA treatment have remained unknown. The present study focused on the role of BAT in PCOS-like rats and its relationship with EA and characterized the three-dimensional (3D) innervation of BAT associated with activation molecules. Methods Female rats (21 days old) were implanted with dihydrotestosterone or fed with a high fat diet to establish PCOS-like and obesity models, respectively, and then EA treatment at “Guilai” (ST 29) and “Sanyinjiao” (SP 6) was carried out for 4 weeks. In the present study, morphological analysis, 3D imaging, molecular biology, and other experimental techniques were used to study the sympathetic nerves and activity of BAT. Results PCOS-like rats showed both obvious weight gain and reproductive dysfunction, similar to what was seen in obese rats except for the absence of reproductive dysfunction. The body weight gain was mainly caused by an increase in white adipose tissue, and there was an abnormal decrease in BAT. Because both the lipid metabolism and reproductive disorders could be improved with bilateral EA at “Guilai” (ST 29) and “Sanyinjiao” (SP 6), especially the restoration of BAT, we further investigated the neuromodulation and inflammation in BAT and identified the sympathetic marker tyrosine hydroxylase as one of the key factors of sympathetic nerves. Modified adipo-clearing technology and 3D high-resolution imaging showed that crooked or dispersed sympathetic nerves, but not the twisted vasculature, were reconstructed and associated with the activation of BAT and are likely to be the functional target for EA treatment. Conclusion Our study highlights the significant role of BAT and its sympathetic innervations in PCOS and in EA therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-022-00603-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yicong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kuinyu Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiemei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhenle Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenhan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruonan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zheyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chengzhi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Effects of Acupuncture on Endometrium and Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 28:736-742. [PMID: 35419725 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of acupuncture on endometrium and pregnancy outcomes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) infertility undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). METHODS Eighty-three patients were randomly assigned to observation group (40 cases) and control group (43 cases) according to the random numbers generated by SPSS software. The patients of the two groups received GnRH agonist long protocol as a routine treatment. In the observation group, acupuncture was given at two acupoint groups for 30 min once every other day. Group 1 included Guanyuan (CV 4), Qihai (CV 6), Zhongji (CV 3), bilateral acupoints Zigong (EX-CA1). Group 2 included Mingmen (GV 4), Yaoyangguan (GV 3), bilateral Shenshu (BL 23) and Ciliao (BL 32). The two groups of acupoints were used alternately. The whole needling process was performed at the time of ovulation induction until the transplantation day and consisted of 3 courses, while the control group did not receive acupuncture interventions. The Gn dosage and Gn stimulation time, endometrial thickness and type (A, B, and C), serum oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) levels on the day of injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), clinical pregnancy rate, as well as live birth rate were observed. Adverse reactions were also be recorded. All patients were followed up for the pregnant rate 14 days after IVF-ET and live birth rate after pregnancy. All adverse reactions (AEs) of acupuncture were recorded during the trial. RESULTS The Gn dosage and Gn stimulation time in the observation group were lower in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.01). The proportion of type A endometrium in the observation group were higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The serum E2 and P levels on the day of hCG injection was lower and the clinical pregnancy rate was higher in the observation group compared to those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no serious AEs during this trial. CONCLUSION Acupuncture can improve the proportion of type A endometrium, regulate the levels of serum E2 and P on the day of hCG injection, and improve the pregnancy rate in patients with PCOS infertility undergoing IVF-ET.
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Yang X, Wang T, Jiang Y, Ren F, Jiang H. Patients' Expectancies to Acupuncture: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2022; 28:202-217. [PMID: 35294303 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2021.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This systematic review aimed to document and describe how and when to assess patients' expectancies to acupuncture and the relationship between patients' expectancies and clinical effects. Materials and Methods: Three English databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and EMBASE, and four Chinese databases, including the Chinese Biomedicine Literature Database, Chinese Journal Full-text Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Full-text Database, and Wanfang Database, were searched up to February 2020. Studies involving patients' expectancies to acupuncture were included. Based on the detailed situations of patients' expectancies, we made a standardized data extraction table that included the basic information of articles, study design details, and measurement of expectations. Based on the data, a descriptive analysis was performed, covering the characteristics of studies, measuring methods of expectations and the relationship between patients' expectancies and clinical effects. Methodology quality assessment was also performed by the risk of bias and the standards for reporting interventions in controlled trials of acupuncture. Results: There were 61 randomized controlled trials included in our analysis. The number of articles increased gradually over time and grew significantly after 2008. About half of trials focused on pain alleviation. Expectancies were measured before the treatment (N = 43), after the treatment (N = 3), and both before and after the treatment (N = 10), and five studies did not mention it. The measurement of expectancies used self-made questionnaires or scales (N = 27), the Acupuncture Expectations Scale (N = 6), and other scales (N = 11), while 17 studies did not describe what scale they used. The used questionnaires or scales mostly tried to ascertain the strength of confidence that acupuncture would help. Patients' expectancies and clinical effects were relevant in 19 studies, irrelevant in 21 studies, and were not mentioned in 21 studies. Conclusions: Patients' expectations to acupuncture have received increasing attention in recent years, but there is still no recognized measurement time and methods. It is critical to develop questions and answers regarding patients' expectations with better discrimination and reliability to accurately assess expectations and to explore the relationship between patients' expectations and acupuncture outcomes in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Yang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tianlin Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Feihong Ren
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Honglin Jiang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Wen Q, Hu M, Lai M, Li J, Hu Z, Quan K, Liu J, Liu H, Meng Y, Wang S, Wen X, Yu C, Li S, Huang S, Zheng Y, Lin H, Liang X, Lu L, Mai Z, Zhang C, Wu T, Ng EHY, Stener-Victorin E, Ma H. Effect of acupuncture and metformin on insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance: a three-armed randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:542-552. [PMID: 34907435 PMCID: PMC8888993 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does acupuncture improve insulin sensitivity more effectively than metformin or sham acupuncture in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and insulin resistance (IR)? SUMMARY ANSWER Among women with PCOS and IR, acupuncture was not more effective than metformin or sham acupuncture in improving insulin sensitivity. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Uncontrolled trials have shown that acupuncture improved insulin sensitivity with fewer side effects compared with metformin in women with PCOS and IR. However, data from randomized trials between acupuncture and metformin or sham acupuncture are lacking. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This was a three-armed randomized controlled trial enrolling a total of 342 women with PCOS and IR from three hospitals between November 2015 and February 2018, with a 3-month follow-up until October 2018. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Women aged from 18 to 40 years with PCOS and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) ≥2.14 were randomly assigned (n = 114 per group) to receive true acupuncture plus placebo (true acupuncture), metformin plus sham acupuncture (metformin, 0.5 g three times daily) or sham acupuncture plus placebo (sham acupuncture) for 4 months, with an additional 3-month follow-up. True or sham acupuncture was given three times per week, and 0.5 g metformin or placebo was given three times daily. The primary outcome was change in HOMA-IR from baseline to 4 months after baseline visit. Secondary outcomes included changes in the glucose AUC during an oral glucose tolerance test, BMI and side effects at 4 months after baseline visit. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE After 4 months of treatment, the changes of HOMA-IR were -0.5 (decreased 14.7%) in the true acupuncture group, -1.0 (decreased 25.0%) in the metformin group and -0.3 (decreased 8.6%) in the sham acupuncture group, when compared with baseline. True acupuncture is not as effective as metformin in improving HOMA-IR at 4 months after baseline visit (difference, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.1-1.1). No significant difference was found in change in HOMA-IR between true and sham acupuncture groups at 4 months after baseline visit (difference, -0.2; 95% CI, -0.7 to 0.3). During the 4 months of treatment, gastrointestinal side effects were more frequent in the metformin group, including diarrhea, nausea, loss of appetite, fatigue, vomiting and stomach discomfort (31.6%, 13.2%, 11.4%, 8.8%, 14.0% and 8.8%, respectively). Bruising was more common in the true acupuncture group (14.9%). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study might have underestimated the sample size in the true acupuncture group with 4 months of treatment to enable detection of statistically significant changes in HOMA-IR with fixed acupuncture (i.e. a non-personalized protocol). Participants who withdrew because of pregnancy did not have further blood tests and this can introduce bias. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS True acupuncture did not improve insulin sensitivity as effectively as metformin in women with PCOS and IR, but it is better than metformin in improving glucose metabolism (which might reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes) and has less side effects. Metformin had a higher incidence of gastrointestinal adverse effects than acupuncture groups, and thus acupuncture might be a non-pharmacological treatment with low risk for women with PCOS. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of acupuncture combined with metformin on insulin sensitivity in these women. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by grants 2017A020213004 and 2014A020221060 from the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province. The authors have no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT02491333. TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE 8 July 2015. DATE OF FIRST PATIENT’S ENROLLMENT 11 November 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidan Wen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Maohua Lai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenxing Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kewei Quan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanbing Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Suling Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohui Wen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuyi Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuna Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiya Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanhua Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingyan Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingjing Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhefen Mai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunren Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Taixiang Wu
- Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ernest H Y Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Elisabet Stener-Victorin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Ma H, Hu M, Wen Q, Stener-Victorin E. OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:1098-1100. [PMID: 35333327 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qidan Wen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Elisabet Stener-Victorin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wu Y, Peng T, Chen Y, Huang L, He B, Wei S. Acupuncture for glucose and lipid metabolic disorders of polycystic ovarian syndrome: A systematic review protocol. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255732. [PMID: 34352018 PMCID: PMC8341540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological disease that is often accompanied by some metabolic abnormality such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. As a non-pharmacological therapy, acupuncture is widely used for the treatment of PCOS, but the effectiveness for insulin resistance and lipid metabolic disorder remains controversial. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for insulin resistance and lipid metabolic disorder of women with PCOS. SEARCH METHODS Eight databases will be searched from inception to June 2021, three clinical trial registration platforms will be searched for relevant trials. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture therapy for insulin resistance and lipid metabolic of PCOS will be included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Study screening, data collection, and analysis will be performed by two or more reviewers independently. We will calculate mean difference (MD), standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Data synthesis will be performed with RevMan V.5.3 software and with Stata V.15.0 software when necessary. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020177846.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Tao Peng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Bisong He
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Shaobin Wei
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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The Treatment with Complementary and Alternative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Menstrual Disorders with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6678398. [PMID: 34055020 PMCID: PMC8149243 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6678398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent gynecological female endocrinopathy, characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance (IR). Menstrual disorders are one of the main clinical manifestations of PCOS. Other symptoms include hirsutism and/acne. At present, the treatment of PCOS with irregular menstruation is mainly based on oral contraceptives, but there are some side effects and adverse reactions. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), which has been widely used in clinical practice. Modern Western medicine is called "conventional medicine" or "orthodox medicine," and the complementary and alternative medicine is called "unconventional medicine" or "unorthodox medicine." CAM includes traditional medicine and folk therapy around the world. Around 65-80% of world health management business is classified into traditional medicine by the World Health Organization, which is used as alternative medicine in Western countries. In our country, Chinese medicine, acupuncture, and other therapies are commonly used due to their significant efficacy and higher safety. Therefore, this review aims to summarize and evaluate the mechanisms and the effect of current complementary replacement therapy in the treatment of menstrual disorders caused by PCOS, so as to provide guidance for the following basic and clinical research.
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Lin H, Liu M, Zhong D, Ng EHY, Liu J, Li J, Shi Y, Zhang C, Wen X, Mai Z, Ou M, Ma H. The Prevalence and Factors Associated With Anxiety-Like and Depression-Like Behaviors in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:709674. [PMID: 34744814 PMCID: PMC8563587 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.709674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients are particularly vulnerable to anxiety/depression-like behaviors. This study sought to determine the prevalence of anxiety/depression-like behaviors among women with PCOS and to identify factors associated with these behaviors. This study was a secondary analysis of three studies performed on Chinese women who were aged 18 to 40 and diagnosed with PCOS according to the modified Rotterdam criteria. We obtained 802 useable responses for the self-rating anxiety scale and 798 responses for the self-rating depression scale. The prevalence of anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors among women with PCOS was 26.1% (209/802) and 52.0% (415/798), respectively. Anxiety-like behaviors were associated with age, body image-related factors (including body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio), and hyperandrogenism-related factors (including free androgen index and hirsutism). Depression-like behaviors were associated with age, body image-related factors, hyperandrogenism-related factors, and metabolic factors (including fasting insulin, fasting plasma glucose, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance). Body image-related factors and hyperandrogenism-related factors were related to both anxiety-like behaviors and depression-like behaviors in both infertile and fertile PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lin
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingxing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Zhong
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ernest Hung Yu Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunren Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Wen
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhefen Mai
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaoxian Ou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Ee C, Smith CA, Costello M, Moran L, Steiner GZ, Stepto N, Cave A, Albrehee A, Teede H. Acupuncture or auricular electro-acupuncture as adjuncts to lifestyle interventions for weight management in PCOS: protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2020; 6:53. [PMID: 32346487 PMCID: PMC7183107 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-020-00591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent women's health condition with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological manifestations. Weight loss can improve these symptoms and is a key goal; however, many women find this difficult to achieve. Acupuncture is a Chinese medical treatment that involves insertion of very fine metal needles into specific areas of the body and has been shown to be efficacious for weight loss in non-PCOS populations. However, few studies have been conducted in women with PCOS. A variant of acupuncture, auricular electro-acupuncture (AEA), may have beneficial effects on sympathetic tone, which is associated with insulin resistance, obesity and PCOS. METHODS This prospective three-arm open label parallel randomised controlled trial will assess feasibility and acceptability of acupuncture and/or AEA for weight loss in women with PCOS. We will enrol 39 women from the community aged between 18 and 45 years, with physician diagnosis of PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria: body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 40 kg/m2. Women will be randomly allocated to receive one of three treatments for 12 weeks duration: body electro-acupuncture + lifestyle interventions, AEA + lifestyle interventions, or lifestyle interventions alone. The lifestyle intervention in this study is telephone-based health coaching (between 4 and 13 phone calls, depending on individual need), provided by the Get Healthy Service. Primary outcomes of the study are feasibility and acceptability of trial methods as determined by recruitment and retention rates, adherence, acceptability, credibility, and safety. Secondary outcomes include anthropometric (body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference), metabolic (glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity obtained from a 2-h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test with area under the curve insulin calculated using the trapezoid rule), reproductive (androgen levels, menstrual cyclicity, clinical hyperandrogenism using the Ferriman-Gallwey scoring system), autonomic (heart rate variability, blood pressure), lifestyle (physical activity levels, diet quality, weight self-efficacy), quality of life, and psychological (depression and anxiety symptoms, internal health locus of control). DISCUSSION This study addresses the feasibility and acceptability of novel interventions to treat overweight/obesity in PCOS. Study findings have the potential to generate a new understanding of the role of acupuncture and auricular acupuncture in weight management. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, 8/6/18 ACTRN12618000975291.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Ee
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Caroline A. Smith
- Graduate Research School, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Michael Costello
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Level 1, Women’s Health Institute, Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, NSW 2031 Australia
| | - Lisa Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Locked Bag, Clayton, VIC 29 Australia
| | - Genevieve Z. Steiner
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Nigel Stepto
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Adele Cave
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Atekah Albrehee
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Helena Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Locked Bag, Clayton, VIC 29 Australia
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Li Y, Hou L, Wang Y, Xie L, Zhang M, Pan Z, Li Y, Ding Y, Sun M, Qu Y, Liu S. Auricular points acupressure for insulin resistance in overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: protocol for a randomised controlled pilot trial. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e027498. [PMID: 31142530 PMCID: PMC6549699 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Approximately 5%-20% of reproductive women suffer from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Auricular points acupressure (AA) may serve as alternative management for PCOS for its benefits in both physical and psychological well-being. However, the effects of AA for insulin resistance (IR) in overweight/obese PCOS women have not been confirmed. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The present study is designed as a randomised, placebo-controlled pilot trial to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of AA in treating IR in women with PCOS. A total of 60 eligible PCOS subjects will be randomised into an intervention group (AA group) and a control group (sham AA group) in a ratio of 1:1. Magnetic beads will be taped to the auricular points by the same senior acupuncture specialist from the First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine. The treatment will last for 12 weeks. Primary outcome measure will be changes in homeostasis model assessment of IR between baseline and after 3 months of AA/sham AA treatment. Secondary outcomes include hormonal profile, weight, waist/hip circumference, body mass index, blood pressure, Ferriman-Gallwey score, acne and the assessment of health-related quality of life. Outcome measures are collected at baseline and the end of treatment visit. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol has been approved by the ethics committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine (HZYLLKY201800301). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals for publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03546595; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lihui Hou
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yingji Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liangzhen Xie
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Meiwei Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zimeng Pan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yicheng Ding
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Miao Sun
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yufang Qu
- Qiqihar Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Qiqihar, China
| | - Songjiang Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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12
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Zhao H, Zhou D, Chen Y, Liu D, Chu S, Zhang S. Beneficial effects of Heqi san on rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome through the PI3K/AKT pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 25:21. [PMID: 29020999 PMCID: PMC5637260 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-017-0188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heqi San, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been reported to regulate hormone levels in patients with metabolic disease, suggesting a potential clinical application. In the current study, we aimed to elucidate the effect of Heqi San on rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHOD PCOS model was established in female SD rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control, untreated PCOS model, Heqi San treated PCOS model (8.1 g/kg) and metformin (MET) treated PCOS model (135 mg/kg) groups. All animals were subcutaneously injected with 6 mg/100 g dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in the neck once a day for 20 consecutive days. The serum hormone levels were measured by ELISA. The ovarian tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) to undergo pathological examination. The expression levels of GLTU4 and PTEN mRNA were examined by real time PCR. The crucial proteins in the PI3K/APT pathway were analyzed by western blotting. Then, the functions of the target genes were analyzed using bioinformatics approaches. RESULTS We found that Heqi San was able to recover the serum hormone levels and improve insulin resistance in PCOS rat model. A morphological lesion of the ovary was also restored with the Heqi San treatment. More importantly, we discovered a correlation between the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and the beneficial effects of Heqi San, demonstrating that its application could alter the expression levels of p-ERK, p-AKT, p-GSK3β, IRS-1, PTEN and GLTU4, all key factors in the PI3K/APT pathway. Through a bioinformatical analysis, we predicted the related gene function and pathway of the pathological mechanism of PCOS and found miRNAs that are likely to be critical in PCOS occurrence, including rno-miR-144-3p, rno-miR-30c-2-3p, rno-miR-486, rno-miR-3586-3p and rno-miR-146b-5p. CONCLUSION The beneficial effects of Heqi on PCOS, including alter serum hormone levels, recover ovary morphological lesions and improve insulin resistance, which is mediated through the PI3K/AKT pathway. The potential role of miRNA-144-3p in PCOS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxia Zhao
- Department of Endocrine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Daocheng Zhou
- Department of Endocrine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China.
| | - Ye Chen
- Longhua Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Deliang Liu
- Department of Endocrine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Shufang Chu
- Department of Endocrine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Shimao Zhang
- Department of Endocrine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
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