1
|
Kilbride C, Butcher T, Warland A, Ryan J, Scott DJM, Cassidy E, Athanasiou DA, Singla-Buxarrais G, Baker K, Norris M. Rehabilitation via HOMe-Based gaming exercise for the Upper limb post Stroke (RHOMBUS): a qualitative analysis of participants' experience. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e075821. [PMID: 38245009 PMCID: PMC10806457 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report participants' experiences of trial processes and use of the Neurofenix platform for home-based rehabilitation following stroke. The platform, consisting of the NeuroBall device and Neurofenix app, is a non-immersive virtual reality tool to facilitate upper limb rehabilitation following stroke. The platform has recently been evaluated and demonstrated to be safe and effective through a non-randomised feasibility trial (RHOMBUS). DESIGN Qualitative approach using semistructured interviews. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using the framework method. SETTING Participants' homes, South-East England. PARTICIPANTS Purposeful sample of 18 adults (≥18 years), minimum 12 weeks following stroke, not receiving upper limb rehabilitation prior to the RHOMBUS trial, scoring 9-25 on the Motricity Index (elbow and shoulder), with sufficient cognitive and communicative abilities to participate. RESULTS Five themes were developed which explored both trial processes and experiences of using the platform. Factors that influenced participant's decision to take part in the trial, their perceptions of support provided during the trial and communication with the research team were found to be important contextual factors effecting participants' overall experience. Specific themes around usability and comfort of the NeuroBall device, factors motivating persistence and perceived effectiveness of the intervention were highlighted as being central to the usability and acceptability of the platform. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the overall acceptability of the platform and identified areas for enhancement which have since been implemented by Neurofenix. The findings add to the developing literature on the interface between virtual reality systems and user experience. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN60291412.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cherry Kilbride
- Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Tom Butcher
- Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alyson Warland
- Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Ryan
- Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J M Scott
- Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Neurofenix, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Karen Baker
- Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Neurofenix, London, UK
| | - Meriel Norris
- Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dunleavy L, Preston N, Walshe C. Health care professional recruitment of patients and family carers to palliative care randomised controlled trials: A qualitative multiple case study. Palliat Med 2023; 37:1540-1553. [PMID: 37753865 PMCID: PMC10657513 DOI: 10.1177/02692163231197917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trial participant recruitment is an interactional process between health care professionals, patients and carers. Little is known about how clinicians carry out this role in palliative care trials and the reasons why they do or do not recruit participants. AIMS To explore how clinicians recruit to palliative care trials, why they choose to implement particular recruitment strategies, and the factors that influence their choices. DESIGN A qualitative multiple case study of three UK palliative care trials. Data collection included interviews and study documentation. Analysis involved developing and refining theoretical propositions, guided by the '6Ps' of the 'Social Marketing Mix Framework' as an a priori framework (identifying participants, product, price, place, promotion and working with partners). Framework Analysis guided within and then cross-case analysis. SETTINGS/PARTICIPANTS Study investigators and research staff (n = 3, 9, 7) from trial coordinating centres and recruitment sites (hospice and hospital). RESULTS Cross-case analysis suggests the 'Social Marketing Mix Framework' is useful for understanding recruitment processes but wider contextual issues need to be incorporated. These include the 'emotional labour' of diagnosing dying and communicating palliative and end-of-life care to potential participants and how the recruitment process is influenced by the power relationships and hierarchies that exist among professional groups. These factors can lead to and support paternalistic practices. CONCLUSIONS Those planning trials need to ensure that trial recruiters, depending on their experience and trial characteristics, have access to training and support to address the 'emotional labour' of recruitment. The type of training required requires further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Dunleavy
- International Observatory on End of Life Care, Lancaster University, Lancaster, England, UK
| | - Nancy Preston
- International Observatory on End of Life Care, Lancaster University, Lancaster, England, UK
| | - Catherine Walshe
- International Observatory on End of Life Care, Lancaster University, Lancaster, England, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gaunt DM, Papastavrou Brooks C, Pedder H, Crawley E, Horwood J, Metcalfe C. Participant retention in paediatric randomised controlled trials published in six major journals 2015-2019: systematic review and meta-analysis. Trials 2023; 24:403. [PMID: 37316945 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07333-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The factors which influence participant retention in paediatric randomised controlled trials are under-researched. Retention may be more challenging due to child developmental stages, involving additional participants, and proxy-reporting of outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis explores the factors which may influence retention in paediatric trials. METHODS Using the MEDLINE database, paediatric randomised controlled trials published between 2015 and 2019 were identified from six general and specialist high-impact factor medical journals. The review outcome was participant retention for each reviewed trial's primary outcome. Context (e.g. population, disease) and design (e.g. length of trial) factors were extracted. Retention was examined for each context and design factor in turn, with evidence for an association being determined by a univariate random-effects meta-regression analysis. RESULTS Ninety-four trials were included, and the median total retention was 0.92 (inter-quartile range 0.83 to 0.98). Higher estimates of retention were seen for trials with five or more follow-up assessments before the primary outcome, those less than 6 months between randomisation and primary outcome, and those that used an inactive data collection method. Trials involving children aged 11 and over had the higher estimated retention compared with those involving younger children. Those trials which did not involve other participants also had higher retention, than those where they were involved. There was also evidence that a trial which used an active or placebo control treatment had higher estimated retention, than treatment-as-usual. Retention increased if at least one engagement method was used. Unlike reviews of trials including all ages of participants, we did not find any association between retention and the number of treatment groups, size of trial, or type of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Published paediatric RCTs rarely report the use of specific modifiable factors that improve retention. Including multiple, regular follow-ups with participants before the primary outcome may reduce attrition. Retention may be highest when the primary outcome is collected up to 6 months after a participant is recruited. Our findings suggest that qualitative research into improving retention when trials involve multiple participants such as young people, and their caregivers or teachers would be worthwhile. Those designing paediatric trials also need to consider the use of appropriate engagement methods. RESEARCH ON RESEARCH (ROR) REGISTRY: https://ror-hub.org/study/2561.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisy M Gaunt
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
| | - Cat Papastavrou Brooks
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Hugo Pedder
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Esther Crawley
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Jeremy Horwood
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West, 9th Floor, Whitefriars, Lewins Mead, Bristol, BS1 2NT, UK
| | - Chris Metcalfe
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
- Bristol Trials Centre, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 1NU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McCourt O, Fisher A, Land J, Ramdharry G, Roberts AL, Bekris G, Yong K. "What I wanted to do was build myself back up and prepare": qualitative findings from the PERCEPT trial of prehabilitation during autologous stem cell transplantation in myeloma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:348. [PMID: 37069548 PMCID: PMC10107576 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The addition of qualitative methodology to randomised controlled trials evaluating complex interventions allows better understanding of contextualised factors and their potential influence on trial delivery and outcomes, as well as opportunities for feedback on trial participation to improve future trial protocols. This study explored the experiences of participation in cancer rehabilitation research during active cancer treatment. Participants were people living with haematological cancer myeloma, undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) recruited to the PERCEPT myeloma pilot trial. METHODS A qualitative semi-structured interview study, embedded within a pilot randomised controlled trial of a physiotherapist-led exercise intervention delivered before, during and after ASCT among people living with myeloma. Transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Interviews from 16 trial participants (n = 8 intervention group; n = 8 control group; mean age 61 years, 56% male) were analysed. Four main themes were identified: (1) "It's not just beneficial for me, it's for people after me as well"; (2) Disparities in experience of recovery - expectations, feeling prepared and support; (3) "What I wanted to do was build myself back up and prepare"; (4) Active ingredients - participants' experience of the trial intervention. Participants reported both altruistic and perceived personal gain as motivators for enrolling in the trial. Disappointment caused by allocation to control arm may have led to participants seeking exercise elsewhere, indicating possible contamination of control condition. Disparities in experience of recovery from transplant were evident with intervention participants reporting greater trajectory of recovery. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this embedded qualitative study highlight numerous considerations required when designing pilot and efficacy trials of complex interventions. The addition of qualitative investigation offers greater understanding of motivations for participation, intervention mechanisms at play as well as effects of participation that may impact interpretation of quantitative outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION Qualitative findings from a prospectively registered pilot trial (ISRCTN15875290), registered 13/02/2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orla McCourt
- Therapies & Rehabilitation, Inpatient Therapy Office, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University College Hospital, T-1/Lower Ground Floor, 235 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU, UK.
- Research Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Abigail Fisher
- UCL Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joanne Land
- Research Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gita Ramdharry
- Queens Square Centre for Neuromuscular diseases, National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery, UCL Institute of Neurology, UCLH NHS Trust, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna L Roberts
- UCL Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Georgios Bekris
- UCL Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kwee Yong
- Research Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lawrence DS, Ssali A, Moshashane N, Nabaggala G, Maphane L, Harrison TS, Meya DB, Jarvis JN, Seeley J. Decision making in a clinical trial for a life-threatening illness: Therapeutic expectation, not misconception. Soc Sci Med 2022; 305:115082. [PMID: 35649301 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Potential participants for clinical trials which aim to define treatments for life-threatening conditions are often extremely unwell. When exploring why individuals participate in clinical trials one common observation is a misplaced expectation of personal benefit - a therapeutic misconception. The care offered in some clinical trials is of a higher standard than is routinely available and this has led to criticism around the freedom of choice to enrol - structural coercion. We embedded an ethnographic study within a randomised controlled trial for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in Gaborone, Botswana and Kampala, Uganda. We aimed to gain an understanding of decision-making around the trial and how this was impacted by the study design and broader social context. We conducted in-depth interviews with trial participants, surrogate decision makers and researchers, combined these with direct observations and analysed data using thematic analysis. Between January 2020 and June 2021 we interviewed 89 individuals. We found previous exposure to and awareness of clinical research was limited, as was understanding of the trial objectives and design. Through observations and engagement with healthcare facilities decision-makers were able to identify the trial as providing the best possible chance of survival. Hesitation and reluctance were mostly due to fear of lumbar punctures which was sometimes based on rumours but often based on tragic personal experience. Despite fear, and sometimes conviction that they would die, individuals agreed to consent, often against the wishes of family members. Reassurance and confidence came from trust in routine care staff and the research team but also from fellow participants and their surrogates. We argue that participants made informed decisions based on a therapeutic expectation from the trial and that rather than being the result of structural coercion this was an informed and voluntary choice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David S Lawrence
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Agnes Ssali
- Social Aspects of Health Programme, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Neo Moshashane
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Georgina Nabaggala
- Social Aspects of Health Programme, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Thomas S Harrison
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University London, London, UK; Clinical Academic Group in Infection and Immunity, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - David B Meya
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph N Jarvis
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Janet Seeley
- Social Aspects of Health Programme, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Calitri R, Carter M, Code C, Lamont R, Dean S, Tarrant M. Challenges of Recruiting Patients Into Group-Based Stroke Rehabilitation Research: Reflections on Clinician Equipoise Within the Singing for People With Aphasia (SPA) Pilot Trial. Front Psychol 2021; 12:624952. [PMID: 34149511 PMCID: PMC8209260 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.624952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raff Calitri
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Carter
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Code
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Lamont
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Dean
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Tarrant
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kragsnaes MS, Sødergren ST, Kjeldsen J, Horn HC, Munk HL, Pedersen JK, Klinkby CS, de Wit M, Ahlmark NG, Tjørnhøj-Thomsen T, Ellingsen T. Experiences and perceptions of patients with psoriatic arthritis participating in a trial of faecal microbiota transplantation: a nested qualitative study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e039471. [PMID: 34006020 PMCID: PMC7942243 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients' first-hand experiences of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) performed in a rheumatological care setting have yet to be elucidated. The objectives were to explore participants' perceptions of being part of an FMT trial thereby identifying potential trial participation effects and enlightening the patient perspective on the outlook for future FMT trials in rheumatic diseases. DESIGN In a qualitative study nested within a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial (RCT) testing FMT as a potential new antirheumatic treatment, semistructured telephone interviews were conducted following the trial participants' final 26-week visit. Qualitative researchers, who did not take part in the main trial, performed the interviews and the primary analysis. The experiences explored related to the conduct of the RCT and changes in the participants' everyday life. The analysis was carried out using a thematic approach. SETTING A Danish rheumatology university outpatient clinic with nationwide inclusion. PARTICIPANTS The study included 10 patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) who were unaware of their treatment allocation (FMT/sham transplantation) and completed the final 26-week trial visit. RESULTS Participation in the RCT influenced the patients' understanding of PsA and induced positive changes in their everyday life. Renewed hopes for the future in addition to a feeling of enhanced care contributed to significant trial participation effects. FMT was deemed a tolerable and safe treatment. CONCLUSIONS Discrepancies between the clinical and the research setting should be considered when discussing the clinical relevance of the results of the RCT. Overall, patients with PsA who have participated in an RCT testing FMT find the treatment acceptable and safe encouraging more research into the field of microbiota-targeted interventions in rheumatic diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03058900; Pre-results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaun Theodor Sødergren
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jens Kjeldsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jens Kristian Pedersen
- Department of Medicine, Svendborg Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Nanna Gram Ahlmark
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tine Tjørnhøj-Thomsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Torkell Ellingsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jennings Mayo-Wilson L, Coleman J, Timbo F, Ssewamala FM, Linnemayr S, Yi GT, Kang BA, Johnson MW, Yenokyan G, Dodge B, Glass NE. Microenterprise Intervention to Reduce Sexual Risk Behaviors and Increase Employment and HIV Preventive Practices Among Economically-Vulnerable African-American Young Adults (EMERGE): A Feasibility Randomized Clinical Trial. AIDS Behav 2020; 24:3545-3561. [PMID: 32494942 PMCID: PMC7667139 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Economic vulnerability, such as homelessness and unemployment, contributes to HIV risk among U.S. racial minorities. Yet, few economic-strengthening interventions have been adapted for HIV prevention in this population. This study assessed the feasibility of conducting a randomized clinical trial of a 20-week microenterprise intervention for economically-vulnerable African-American young adults. Engaging MicroenterprisE for Resource Generation and Health Empowerment (EMERGE) aimed to reduce sexual risk behaviors and increase employment and uptake of HIV preventive behaviors. The experimental group received text messages on job openings plus educational sessions, mentoring, a start-up grant, and business and HIV prevention text messages. The comparison group received text messages on job openings only. Primary feasibility objectives assessed recruitment, randomization, participation, and retention. Secondary objectives examined employment, sexual risk behaviors, and HIV preventive behaviors. Outcome assessments used an in-person pre- and post-intervention interview and a weekly text message survey. Several progression criteria for a definitive trial were met. Thirty-eight participants were randomized to experimental (n = 19) or comparison group (n = 19) of which 95% were retained. The comparison intervention enhanced willingness to be randomized and reduced non-participation. Mean age of participants was 21.0 years; 35% were male; 81% were unemployed. Fifty-eight percent (58%) of experimental participants completed ≥ 70% of intervention activities, and 74% completed ≥ 50% of intervention activities. Participation in intervention activities and outcome assessments was highest in the first half (~ 10 weeks) of the study. Seventy-one percent (71%) of weekly text message surveys received a response through week 14, but responsiveness declined to 37% of participants responding to ≥ 70% of weekly text message surveys at the end of the study. The experimental group reported higher employment (from 32% at baseline to 83% at week 26) and lower unprotected sex (79% to 58%) over time compared to reported changes in employment (37% to 47%) and unprotected sex (63% to 53%) over time in the comparison group. Conducting this feasibility trial was a critical step in the process of designing and testing a behavioral intervention. Development of a fully-powered effectiveness trial should take into account lessons learned regarding intervention duration, screening, and measurement.Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT03766165. Registered 04 December 2018. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03766165.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Jennings Mayo-Wilson
- Indiana University School of Public Health, Department of Applied Health Science, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Department of International Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jessica Coleman
- Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Department of International Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Fatmata Timbo
- Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Department of International Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Fred M. Ssewamala
- The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, Goldfarb, One Brookings, Drive, St. Louis, MO USA
| | | | - Grace T. Yi
- Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Department of International Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Bee-Ah Kang
- Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Department of International Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Matthew W. Johnson
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Gayane Yenokyan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Brian Dodge
- Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Department of International Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Nancy E. Glass
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Houghton C, Dowling M, Meskell P, Hunter A, Gardner H, Conway A, Treweek S, Sutcliffe K, Noyes J, Devane D, Nicholas JR, Biesty LM. Factors that impact on recruitment to randomised trials in health care: a qualitative evidence synthesis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 10:MR000045. [PMID: 33026107 PMCID: PMC8078544 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.mr000045.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Randomised trials (also referred to as 'randomised controlled trials' or 'trials') are the optimal way to minimise bias in evaluating the effects of competing treatments, therapies and innovations in health care. It is important to achieve the required sample size for a trial, otherwise trialists may not be able to draw conclusive results leading to research waste and raising ethical questions about trial participation. The reasons why potential participants may accept or decline participation are multifaceted. Yet, the evidence of effectiveness of interventions to improve recruitment to trials is not substantial and fails to recognise these individual decision-making processes. It is important to synthesise the experiences and perceptions of those invited to participate in randomised trials to better inform recruitment strategies. OBJECTIVES To explore potential trial participants' views and experiences of the recruitment process for participation. The specific objectives are to describe potential participants' perceptions and experiences of accepting or declining to participate in trials, to explore barriers and facilitators to trial participation, and to explore to what extent barriers and facilitators identified are addressed by strategies to improve recruitment evaluated in previous reviews of the effects of interventions including a Cochrane Methodology Review. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Epistemonikos, LILACS, PsycINFO, ORRCA, and grey literature sources. We ran the most recent set of searches for which the results were incorporated into the review in July 2017. SELECTION CRITERIA We included qualitative and mixed-methods studies (with an identifiable qualitative component) that explored potential trial participants' experiences and perceptions of being invited to participate in a trial. We excluded studies that focused only on recruiters' perspectives, and trials solely involving children under 18 years, or adults who were assessed as having impaired mental capacity. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Five review authors independently assessed the titles, abstracts and full texts identified by the search. We used the CART (completeness, accuracy, relevance, timeliness) criteria to exclude studies that had limited focus on the phenomenon of interest. We used QSR NVivo to extract and manage the data. We assessed methodological limitations using the Critical Skills Appraisal Programme (CASP) tool. We used thematic synthesis to analyse and synthesise the evidence. This provided analytical themes and a conceptual model. We used the GRADE-CERQual (Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) approach to assess our confidence in each finding. Our findings were integrated with two previous intervention effectiveness reviews by juxtaposing the quantitative and qualitative findings in a matrix. MAIN RESULTS We included 29 studies (published in 30 papers) in our synthesis. Twenty-two key findings were produced under three broad themes (with six subthemes) to capture the experience of being invited to participate in a trial and making the decision whether to participate. Most of these findings had moderate to high confidence. We identified factors from the trial itself that influenced participation. These included how trial information was communicated, and elements of the trial such as the time commitment that might be considered burdensome. The second theme related to personal factors such as how other people can influence the individual's decision; and how a personal understanding of potential harms and benefits could impact on the decision. Finally, the potential benefits of participation were found to be key to the decision to participate, namely personal benefits such as access to new treatments, but also the chance to make a difference and help others. The conceptual model we developed presents the decision-making process as a gauge and the factors that influence whether the person will, or will not, take part. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This qualitative evidence synthesis has provided comprehensive insight into the complexity of factors that influence a person's decision whether to participate in a trial. We developed key questions that trialists can ask when developing their recruitment strategy. In addition, our conceptual model emphasises the need for participant-centred approaches to recruitment. We demonstrated moderate to high level confidence in our findings, which in some way can be attributed to the large volume of highly relevant studies in this field. We recommend that these insights be used to direct or influence or underpin future recruitment strategies that are developed in a participant-driven way that ultimately improves trial conduct and reduces research waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Houghton
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maura Dowling
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Pauline Meskell
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Andrew Hunter
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Heidi Gardner
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Aislinn Conway
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Shaun Treweek
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Katy Sutcliffe
- Department of Social Science, Social Science Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Jane Noyes
- Centre for Health-Related Research, Fron Heulog, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Declan Devane
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jane R Nicholas
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Linda M Biesty
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
van Lieshout EC, Jacobs LD, Pelsma M, Dijkhuizen RM, Visser-Meily JM. Exploring the experiences of stroke patients treated with transcranial magnetic stimulation for upper limb recovery: a qualitative study. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:365. [PMID: 33023487 PMCID: PMC7541313 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01936-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatments have shown promise in improving arm recovery in stroke patients. Currently, little is known about patients’ experiences with repetitive TMS treatment, and this lack of knowledge may affect optimal implementation in clinical practice. The aim of this explorative study was to gain insight in the perceived effects and experiences of the design and delivery of a rTMS treatment for upper limb recovery from the perspectives of stroke patients. Methods This qualitative study was conducted as part of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in a specialized rehabilitation center. Data were collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 13 stroke patients who completed a 10-day rTMS intervention for upper limb recovery. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results The major themes that emerged from the patients’ feedback were the following: positive experiences of the treatment (experienced physical effects, comfort, therapeutic relationship, receiving information, learning about the brain, no burden of added rTMS treatment session, no unpleasant aspects), concerns (effects of stimulation of the brain, equipment, logistics), general experience of recovery, experienced psychological effects (grateful, sense of purpose, recovery as extra motivation to exercise, disappointment and hope of group allocation), and motivation to participate (personal benefit and cognitions, altruism). Important components related to the positive experience of the design and delivery of the treatment included comfort (i.e. moment of relaxation) and the sensation of a painless treatment without side-effects. Key concerns included uncertainty and anxiety about possible negative consequences and group allocation. Conclusions This study demonstrates that rTMS is well accepted by stroke patients with an upper limb paresis. Besides the expectation of a therapeutic benefit, the patients reported various psychological effects. Positive experiences, such as the provision of a short moment of relaxation each day, could have practical implications for clinical stroke rehabilitation settings aimed at improving patient satisfaction. Explanation about and feedback from routine motor recovery progression monitoring at fixed times post-stroke is also valued by patients. Negative emotions may be limited or avoided by transparent and recurrent information delivery in future trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eline Cc van Lieshout
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lilliane D Jacobs
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maike Pelsma
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rick M Dijkhuizen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Ma Visser-Meily
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science and Sports, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, CX, 3584, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|