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Skv M, Abraham SM, Eshwari O, Golla K, Jhelum P, Maity S, Komal P. Tremendous Fidelity of Vitamin D3 in Age-related Neurological Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:7211-7238. [PMID: 38372958 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (VD) is a secosteroid hormone and shows a pleiotropic effect in brain-related disorders where it regulates redox imbalance, inflammation, apoptosis, energy production, and growth factor synthesis. Vitamin D3's active metabolic form, 1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3 or calcitriol), is a known regulator of several genes involved in neuroplasticity, neuroprotection, neurotropism, and neuroinflammation. Multiple studies suggest that VD deficiency can be proposed as a risk factor for the development of several age-related neurological disorders. The evidence for low serum levels of 25-hydroxy Vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3 or calcidiol), the major circulating form of VD, is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), dementia, and cognitive impairment. Despite decades of evidence on low VD association with neurological disorders, the precise molecular mechanism behind its beneficial effect remains controversial. Here, we will be delving into the neurobiological importance of VD and discuss its benefits in different neuropsychiatric disorders. The focus will be on AD, PD, and HD as they share some common clinical, pathological, and epidemiological features. The central focus will be on the different attributes of VD in the aspect of its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-cholinesterase activity, and psychotropic effect in different neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Skv
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS-Pilani) Hyderabad campus, Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sharon Mariam Abraham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS-Pilani) Hyderabad campus, Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Omalur Eshwari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS-Pilani) Hyderabad campus, Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kishore Golla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS-Pilani) Hyderabad campus, Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Priya Jhelum
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience and Brain Program, The Research Instituteof the, McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shuvadeep Maity
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS-Pilani) Hyderabad campus, Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pragya Komal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS-Pilani) Hyderabad campus, Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Sadeghi O, Khademi Z, Saneei P, Hassanzadeh-Keshteli A, Daghaghzadeh H, Tavakkoli H, Adibi P, Esmaillzadeh A. Dietary Magnesium Intake Is Inversely Associated With Ulcerative Colitis: A Case-Control Study. CROHN'S & COLITIS 360 2024; 6:otae009. [PMID: 38464345 PMCID: PMC10923208 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) causes long-lasting inflammation and ulcers in the gut. Limited observational data are available linking dietary magnesium intake and UC. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association between dietary magnesium intake and UC in adults. Methods The current population-based case-control study was performed on 109 UC patients and 218 age (±2 years) and sex-matched controls. The diagnosis of UC was made according to the standard criteria by a gastroenterology specialist. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated self-administrated 106-item dish-based Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). We also used a pretested questionnaire to collect data on potential confounders. Results Individuals in the top tertile of magnesium intake were less likely to have UC compared with those in the bottom tertile. A significant inverse relationship was found between dietary magnesium intake and UC (odds ratio [OR]: 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.18-0.59) in the crude model. This relationship was also observed when we took several potential confounding into account (OR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.14-0.68). Conclusions Adherence to a magnesium-rich diet may have a role in preventing UC. However, further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Sadeghi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Khademi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ammar Hassanzadeh-Keshteli
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamed Daghaghzadeh
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Tavakkoli
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular–Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Moabedi M, Aliakbari M, Erfanian S, Milajerdi A. Magnesium supplementation beneficially affects depression in adults with depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1333261. [PMID: 38213402 PMCID: PMC10783196 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1333261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The findings from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) examining the effect of magnesium supplementation on depression are inconsistent. We decided to conduct a meta-analysis that summarizes all the evidence on the impact of magnesium supplementation on depression scores in adults with depressive disorder. Methods We conducted a systematic search in the online databases using all related keywords up to July 2023. We included all randomized clinical trials examining the effect of magnesium, in contrast to placebo, on depression scores. Results Finally, seven clinical trials were included in this systematic review, building up a total sample size of 325 individuals with ages ranging from 20 to 60 years on average. These RCTs resulted in eight effect sizes. Our findings from the meta-analysis showed a significant decline in depression scores due to intervention with magnesium supplements [standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.919, 95% CI: -1.443 to -0.396, p = 0.001]. Conclusion Our review suggests that magnesium supplementation can have a beneficial effect on depression. Future high-quality RCTs with larger sample sizes must be run to interpret this effect of magnesium on depression in clinical settings. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=447909.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Moabedi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Shima Erfanian
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Yao L, Chen M, Zhang N, Ma S, Xie X, Xu S, Nie Z, Wang W, Zhou E, Xu S, Weng S, Chen H, Xiang D, Liu Z. The Mediation Role of Sleep Disturbances between Vitamin D and Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1501. [PMID: 38002462 PMCID: PMC10669134 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression and sleep disturbances are highly prevalent health problems that have been suggested to be associated with vitamin D deficiency. This study investigated whether sleep disturbances affect the association between vitamin D and depressive symptoms. A total of 425 patients with depression were included in this study. Spearman correlation coefficients were chosen to assess the relation between vitamin D concentrations and depressive symptomatology (according to the PHQ-9 and HAMD-17 scores). The GLM Mediation Model in the Medmod module for data analysis in Jamovi 2.2.5 was used to analyze the mediation models for sleep disturbances. Vitamin D concentrations were significantly correlated with PHQ-9 and HAMD-17 scale scores. In addition, item 3 was suggested to have a mediating effect between vitamin D and depressive symptoms in the mediating model of PHQ-9, and item 4 was suggested to have a mediating effect between vitamin D and depressive symptoms in the mediating model of HAMD-17. Sleep disturbances (especially difficulty falling asleep) are mediators between vitamin D and depressive symptoms, suggesting that increasing vitamin D levels at the right time to regulate sleep disturbances may improve depression symptoms, yet further research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Mianmian Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Simeng Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Xinhui Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Shuxian Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Zhaowen Nie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Enqi Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Shunsheng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Shenhong Weng
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Hexiang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China;
| | - Dan Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Nemeth Z, Patonai A, Simon-Szabó L, Takács I. Interplay of Vitamin D and SIRT1 in Tissue-Specific Metabolism-Potential Roles in Prevention and Treatment of Non-Communicable Diseases Including Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076154. [PMID: 37047134 PMCID: PMC10094444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer, is increasing as a requirement of the aging population in developed countries and the sustainability of healthcare. Similarly, the 2013-2030 action plan of the WHO for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases seeks these achievements. Adequate lifestyle changes, alone or with the necessary treatments, could reduce the risk of mortality or the deterioration of quality of life. In our recent work, we summarized the role of two central factors, i.e., appropriate levels of vitamin D and SIRT1, which are connected to adequate lifestyles with beneficial effects on the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases. Both of these factors have received increased attention in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic as they both take part in regulation of the main metabolic processes, i.e., lipid/glucose/energy homeostasis, oxidative stress, redox balance, and cell fate, as well as in the healthy regulation of the immune system. Vitamin D and SIRT1 have direct and indirect influence of the regulation of transcription and epigenetic changes and are related to cytoplasmic signaling pathways such as PLC/DAG/IP3/PKC/MAPK, MEK/Erk, insulin/mTOR/cell growth, proliferation; leptin/PI3K-Akt-mTORC1, Akt/NFĸB/COX-2, NFĸB/TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and AMPK/PGC-1α/GLUT4, among others. Through their proper regulation, they maintain normal body weight, lipid profile, insulin secretion and sensitivity, balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory processes under normal conditions and infections, maintain endothelial health; balance cell differentiation, proliferation, and fate; and balance the circadian rhythm of the cellular metabolism. The role of these two molecules is interconnected in the molecular network, and they regulate each other in several layers of the homeostasis of energy and the cellular metabolism. Both have a central role in the maintenance of healthy and balanced immune regulation and redox reactions; therefore, they could constitute promising targets either for prevention or as complementary therapies to achieve a better quality of life, at any age, for healthy people and patients under chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Nemeth
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Koranyi S. u 2/a, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Patonai
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation and Gastroenterology, Semmelweis University, Ulloi u. 78, 1082 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laura Simon-Szabó
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto u. 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Takács
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Koranyi S. u 2/a, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
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Banerjee M, Shenoy RR. Emphasizing roles of BDNF promoters and inducers in Alzheimer's disease for improving impaired cognition and memory. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 34:125-136. [PMID: 34751526 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a crucial neurotrophic factor adding to neurons' development and endurance. The amount of BDNF present in the brain determines susceptibility to various neurodegenerative diseases. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), often it is seen that low levels of BDNF are present, which primarily contributes to cognition deficit by regulating long-term potentiation (LTP) and synaptic plasticity. Molecular mechanisms underlying the synthesis, storage and release of BDNF are widely studied. New molecules are found, which contribute to the signal transduction pathway. Two important receptors of BDNF are TrkB and p75NTR. When BDNF binds to the TrkB receptor, it activates three main signalling pathways-phospholipase C, MAPK/ERK, PI3/AKT. BDNF holds an imperative part in LTP and dendritic development, which are essential for memory formation. BDNF supports synaptic integrity by influencing LTP and LTD. This action is conducted by modulating the glutamate receptors; AMPA and NMDA. This review paper discusses the aforesaid points along with inducers of BDNF. Drugs and herbals promote neuroprotection by increasing the hippocampus' BDNF level in various disease-induced animal models for neurodegeneration. Advancement in finding pertinent molecules contributing to the BDNF signalling pathway has been discussed, along with the areas that require further research and study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuparna Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi District, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha R Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi District, Karnataka, India
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Salehi Z, Ghosn B, Rahbarinejad P, Azadbakht L. Macronutrients and the state of happiness and mood in undergraduate youth of a military training course. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 53:33-42. [PMID: 36657928 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous studies have reported a high prevalence of mental disorders among military organizations. Depression and anxiety are among the most important mental disorders, and depression, suicidal ideation, and violence have been found to be negatively associated with happiness and social support. Therefore, improving mood and increasing happiness can reduce the prevalence of mental disorders in military centers. Diet can improve happiness through specific molecular mechanisms and change our mood by affecting the chemical composition of the brain. Therefore, the present study examined the relationship between the quality and quantity of macronutrients in soldiers' diets with their mood and happiness. METHODS In the current cross-sectional study, 300 healthy soldiers were selected. Food intake data was collected using 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire during the last year of their military training 2-year period. Then, we calculated the quality and quantity of macronutrients. Mood was assessed using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire and happiness with the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ). RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation of participants' age was 23.70 ± 1.76 years. A significant relationship was observed between mood score and carbohydrate quantity (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.12-0.88, P-value for trend = 0.03). This suggests that increasing carbohydrate intake improved the participants' mood. No association was found between mood score with protein quantity (OR: 2.15, 95% CI: 0.80-5.75; P-value for trend = 0.12), and gram of fat intake (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 0.74-5.13; P-value for trend = 0.15). None of the indicators related to macronutrient quality were significantly associated with happiness and mood scores in young soldiers (P ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Findings presented in this study showed that increased carbohydrate intake was significantly associated with better mood. However, mood is not related to the amount of proteins and fats and none of the parameters of macronutrient quality. Also, there was no significant relationship between the quantity and quality of macronutrients with happiness score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Salehi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Batoul Ghosn
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Rahbarinejad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Elekhnawy E, Negm WA, El-Sherbeni SA, Zayed A. Assessment of drugs administered in the Middle East as part of the COVID-19 management protocols. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1935-1954. [PMID: 36018432 PMCID: PMC9411846 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) has been reported first at the end of 2019. It continues disturbing various human aspects with multiple pandemic waves showing more fatal novel variants. Now Egypt faces the sixth wave of the pandemic with controlled governmental measures. COVID-19 is an infectious respiratory disease-causing mild to moderate illness that can be progressed into life-threatening complications based on patients- and variant type-related factors. The symptoms vary from dry cough, fever to difficulty in breathing that required urgent hospitalization. Most countries have authorized their national protocols for managing manifested symptoms and thus lowering the rate of patients' hospitalization and boosting the healthcare systems. These protocols are still in use even with the development and approval of several vaccines. These protocols were instructed to aid home isolation, bed rest, dietary supplements, and additionally the administration of antipyretic, steroids, and antiviral drugs. The current review aimed to highlight the administered protocols in the Middle East, namely in Egypt and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia demonstrating how these protocols have shown potential effectiveness in treating patients and saving many soles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elguish Street (Medical Campus), Tanta, 31527 Egypt
| | - Walaa A. Negm
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elguish Street (Medical Campus), Tanta, 31527 Egypt
| | - Suzy A. El-Sherbeni
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elguish Street (Medical Campus), Tanta, 31527 Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elguish Street (Medical Campus), Tanta, 31527 Egypt
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Cazzaniga A, Fedele G, Castiglioni S, Maier JA. The Presence of Blood-Brain Barrier Modulates the Response to Magnesium Salts in Human Brain Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095133. [PMID: 35563524 PMCID: PMC9104490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is fundamental in the brain, where it regulates metabolism and neurotransmission and protects against neuroinflammation. To obtain insights into the molecular basis of Mg action in the brain, we investigated the effects of Mg in human brain organoids, a revolutionary 3D model to study neurobiology and neuropathology. In particular, brain organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells were cultured in the presence or in the absence of an in vitro-generated blood–brain barrier (BBB), and then exposed to 1 or 5 mM concentrations of inorganic and organic Mg salts (Mg sulphate (MgSO4); Mg pidolate (MgPid)). We evaluated the modulation of NMDA and GABAergic receptors, and BDNF. Our data suggest that the presence of the BBB is essential for Mg to exert its effects on brain organoids, and that 5 mM of MgPid is more effective than MgSO4 in increasing the levels of GABA receptors and BDNF, and decreasing those of NMDA receptor. These results might illuminate novel pathways explaining the neuroprotective role of Mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cazzaniga
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (J.A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giorgia Fedele
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Jeanette A. Maier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (J.A.M.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (CIMaINa), Università di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Al-Hakeim HK, Al-Jassas HK, Morris G, Maes M. Increased ACE2, sRAGE, and Immune Activation, but Lowered Calcium and Magnesium in COVID-19. RECENT ADVANCES IN INFLAMMATION & ALLERGY DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 16:32-43. [PMID: 35307003 DOI: 10.2174/2772270816666220318103929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characterization of new biomarkers that could help externally validate the diagnosis of COVID-19 and optimize treatments is extremely important. Many studies have established changes in immune-inflammatory and antibody levels, but few studies measured the soluble receptor for the advanced glycation end product (sRAGE), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), calcium, and magnesium in COVID-19. OBJECTIVE To evaluate serum advanced glycation end-product receptor (sRAGE) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)2 and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and chest CT scan abnormalities (CCTA) in COVID-19. METHODS sRAGE, ACE2, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, C-reactive protein (CRP), calcium, magnesium, and albumin were measured in 60 COVID-19 patients and 30 healthy controls. RESULTS COVID-19 is characterized by significantly increased IL-6, CRP, IL-10, sRAGE, ACE2, and lowered SpO2, albumin, magnesium, and calcium. COVID-19 with CCTAs showed lower SpO2 and albumin. SpO2 was significantly inversely correlated with IL-6, IL-10, CRP, sRAGE, and ACE2, and positively with albumin, magnesium, and calcium. Neural networks showed that a combination of calcium, IL-6, CRP, and sRAGE yielded an accuracy of 100% in detecting COVID-19 patients, with calcium being the most important predictor followed by IL-6 and CRP. Patients with positive IgG results showed a significant elevation in the serum level of IL-6, sRAGE, and ACE2 compared to the negatively IgG patient subgroup. CONCLUSION The results show that immune-inflammatory and RAGE pathways biomarkers may be used as an external validating criterion for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Those pathways coupled with lowered SpO2, calcium, and magnesium are drug targets that may help reduce the consequences of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerwyn Morris
- School of Medicine, IMPACT-the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- School of Medicine, IMPACT-the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Bahmani E, Hoseini R, Amiri E. Home-based Aerobic Training and Vitamin D Improve Neurotrophins and Inflammatory Biomarkers in MS Patients. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 60:103693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kamalzadeh L, Saghafi M, Mortazavi SS, Jolfaei AG. Vitamin D deficiency and depression in obese adults: a comparative observational study. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:599. [PMID: 34847921 PMCID: PMC8638554 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amongst the contributing factors of depression, vitamin D deficiency has increasingly drawn attention in recent years. This paper seeks to examine the association between serum vitamin D level and depression in patients with obesity. METHODS In this comparative observational study, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were compared between obese individuals with depression (n = 174) and those without depression considering the effect of potential confounders. Participants were selected from males and females aged 18 to 60 years old visiting the outpatient obesity clinic of Rasoul-e Akram hospital, Tehran, Iran. The diagnosis of depressive disorder was made based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria. Additional clinical and laboratory data were collected from hospital electronic records. Mann-Whitney U test (nonparametric), Student's t-test (parametric), and Chi-squared test were used to analyze the differences between the two groups. To examine age and gender differences in the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and depression, stratified analyses were conducted by age and gender groups. RESULTS The mean 25(OH) D levels were significantly different between depressed and non-depressed groups (20 ± 15 vs. 27 ± 13, P < 0.001). Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was detected in 78 and 67% of the depressed and non-depressed groups, respectively, which was significantly different (P = 0.03). The associations between depression and the serum 25(OH) D levels were observed regardless of gender and age. The overall average vitamin D levels were not significantly different between total males and females (22 ± 13 vs. 23 ± 14, P = 0.49). The average level of vitamin D was higher in the older age group (40-60 years) compared to younger participants (18-39 years) (26 ± 15 vs. 21 ± 13, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION The present study provides additional evidence for the hypothesis that low vitamin D serum concentration is associated with depression in obese adults, and highlights the need for further research to determine whether this association is causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Kamalzadeh
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Saghafi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyede Salehe Mortazavi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Ghanbari Jolfaei
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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KAZEM YUSR, ZAROUK WAHEBAA, HAMED KHALED, TOSSON ANGIEM, ESSA HENDA, EL-BASSYOUNI HALAT. The Effect of Anti-inflammatory Diet and Vitamin D Supplementation on the Amelioration of the Clinical Status and Cognitive functions of Familial Mediterranean Fever Patients. THE KOBE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 66:E159-E165. [PMID: 34001682 PMCID: PMC8212802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by recurrent attacks of fever, serositis and articular pain. Mutations in the MEFV gene causes inflammation that may trigger cognitive impairment in FMF patients. The objectives were to identify the effect of anti-inflammatory diet containing curcumin, flaxseed and vitamin D supplementation on the clinical presentation and cognitive functions of FMF patients. The study included 73 FMF patients, that followed in addition to their regular colchicine doses an anti-inflammatory diet (rich in fresh vegetables and fruits, low in saturated and unsaturated fats and carbohydrates, low in food additives, sugar, fast foods and processed foods). In addition, to dietary supplementation with vitamin D, curcumin and flax seeds. Results: Statistically significant improvement was observed regarding clinical presentation, cognitive functions, CRP and subjective wellbeing. Conclusion: Our study highlights the importance of anti-inflammatory diet in the amelioration of the clinical presentation, cognitive functions and general wellbeing of FMF patients. We recommend that our findings would be confirmed by a randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- YUSR KAZEM
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, National Research Centre, Cairo, EGYPT
| | - WAHEBA A. ZAROUK
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Enzymology, National Research Centre, Cairo, EGYPT
| | - KHALED HAMED
- Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, EGYPT
| | - ANGIE M.S. TOSSON
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EGYPT
| | - HEND A. ESSA
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, National Research Centre, Cairo, EGYPT
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Tang CF, Ding H, Jiao RQ, Wu XX, Kong LD. Possibility of magnesium supplementation for supportive treatment in patients with COVID-19. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173546. [PMID: 32931782 PMCID: PMC7486870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium as an enzymatic activator is essential for various physiological functions such as cell cycle, metabolic regulation, muscle contraction, and vasomotor tone. A growing body of evidence supports that magnesium supplementation (mainly magnesium sulfate and magnesium oxide) prevents or treats various types of disorders or diseases related to respiratory system, reproductive system, nervous system, digestive system, and cardiovascular system as well as kidney injury, diabetes and cancer. The ongoing pandemic coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) characterized by respiratory tract symptoms with different degrees of important organ and tissue damages has attracted global attention. Particularly, effective drugs are still lacking in the COVID-19 therapy. In this review, we find and summarize the effectiveness of magnesium supplementation on the disorders or diseases, and provide a reference to the possibility of magnesium supplementation for supportive treatment in patients with COVID-19.
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Wu G, Xue M, Zhao Y, Han Y, Zhang S, Zhang J, Li C, Xu J. Low circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is associated with increased colorectal cancer mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20201008. [PMID: 32686830 PMCID: PMC7391129 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested inconclusive associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and survival in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of the present study was to quantitatively assess these associations. PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for eligible studies. Subgroup analyses based on study geographic location, publication year, length of follow-up time, sample size, and stage were conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. Dose-response relationships and pooled hazard ratios (HR) for overall and CRC-specific survival comparing the highest versus the lowest categories of circulating 25(OH)D concentrations were assessed. Overall, 17 original studies with a total of 17,770 CRC patients were included. Pooled HR (95% confidence intervals) comparing highest versus lowest categories were 0.64 (0.55-0.72) and 0.65 (0.56-0.73) for overall and CRC-specific survival, respectively. Studies conducted in the U.S.A., with median follow-up time ≥ 8 years, larger sample size, and including stage I-III patients showed a more prominent association between 25(OH)D concentrations and overall survival. The dose-response analysis showed that the risk of all-cause mortality was reduced by 7% (HR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.95), and the risk of CRC-specific mortality was reduced by 12% (HR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.93) for each 20 nmol/l increment of 25(OH)D concentration. This meta-analysis provides evidences that a higher 25(OH)D concentration is associated with lower overall mortality and CRC-specific mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghai Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Jieyuan Road 190, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
| | - Mei Xue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, P.R. China
| | - Yongjie Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Jieyuan Road 190, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
| | - Youkui Han
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Jieyuan Road 190, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Jieyuan Road 190, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
| | - Judong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Jieyuan Road 190, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Jieyuan Road 190, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Jieyuan Road 190, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
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