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Alshehri OM, Zeb A, Mukarram Shah SM, Mahnashi MH, Asiri SA, Alqahtani O, Sadiq A, Ibrar M, Alshamrani S, Jan MS. Investigation of anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory potential and ADMET studies of pure compounds isolated from Isodon rugosus Wall. ex Benth. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1328128. [PMID: 38414736 PMCID: PMC10897015 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1328128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The strong ethnopharmacological utilization of Isodon rugosus Wall. Ex. Benth is evident in the treatment of several types of pain and inflammation, including toothache, earache, abdominal pain, gastric pain, and generalized body pain and inflammation. Based on this background, the antinociceptive effects of the crude extract, various fractions, and essential oil have been reported previously. In this research work, we isolate and characterize pure bioactive compounds from I. rugosus and evaluate possible mechanisms using various in vivo and in vitro models. The pure compounds were analyzed for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities through various assays. The column chromatography of the chloroform fraction of I. rugosus led to the identification of two pure compounds, i.e., 1 and 2. Compound 1 demonstrated notable inhibition (62% writhing inhibition, 72.77% COX-2 inhibition, and 76.97% 5-LOX inhibition) and anti-inflammatory potential (>50% paw edema inhibition at various intervals). The possible mechanism involved in antinociception was considered primarily, a concept that has already been elucidated through the application of naloxone (an antagonist of opioid receptors). The involvement of adrenergic receptors was investigated using a hot plate model (an adrenergic receptor antagonist). The strong ethnomedicinal analgesic background of I. rugosus, supported by previous reports and current observations, leads to the conclusion that I. rugosus is a potential source of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds. It may be concluded from the results that the isolated analgesic compounds of I. rugosus may be a possible alternative remedy for pain and inflammation management with admirable efficacy and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Zeb
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | | | - Mater H Mahnashi
- Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, College of pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Ahmed Asiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omaish Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, Univeristy of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Saleh Alshamrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Adebayo GP, Oduselu GO, Aderohunmu DV, Klika KD, Olasehinde GI, Ajani OO, Adebiyi E. Structure-based design, and development of amidinyl, amidoximyl and hydroxamic acid based organic molecules as novel antimalarial drug candidates. ARAB J CHEM 2024; 17:105573. [PMID: 38283036 PMCID: PMC10810238 DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.105573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a significant global health concern causing numerous fatalities and the emergence of antimalarial drug resistance highlights the urgent need for novel therapeutic options with innovative mechanisms of action and targets. This study aimed to design potential inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase (PfPTPS), synthesize them, and experimentally validate their efficacy as antimalarial agents. A structure-based approach was employed to design a series of novel derivatives, including amidinyl, amidoximyl and hydroxamic acid analogs (1c, 1d, 2b, and 3b), with a focus on their ability to bind to the Zn2+ present in the active site of PfPTPS. The syntheses of these compounds were accomplished through various multi-step synthetic pathways and their structural identities were confirmed using 1H and 13C NMR spectra, mass spectra, and elemental analysis. The compounds were screened for their antiplasmodial activity against the NF54 strain of P. falciparum and in vitro cytotoxicity testing was performed using L-6 cells. The in vivo acute toxicity of the compounds was evaluated in mice. Docking studies of the compounds with the 3D structure of PfPTPS revealed their strong binding affinities, with compound 3b exhibiting notable metal-acceptor interaction with the Zn2+ in the protein binding pocket thereby positioning it as a lead compound for PfPTPS inhibition. The in vitro antiplasmodial studies revealed moderate efficacies against the Pf NF54 strain, particularly compounds 1d and 3b which displayed IC50 < 0.2 μM. No significant cytotoxicity was noted on the L-6 rat cell line. Moreover, in vivo studies suggested that compound 3b exhibited both safety and efficacy in treating rodent malaria. The identified lead compound in this study represents a possible candidate for antimalarial drug development and can be further explored in the search for alternative antifolate drugs to combat the malaria menace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glory P. Adebayo
- Covenant University Bioinformatics Research (CUBRe), Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
- Biological Sciences Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Gbolahan O. Oduselu
- Covenant University Bioinformatics Research (CUBRe), Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | | | - Karel D. Klika
- NMR Structural Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Grace I. Olasehinde
- Covenant University Bioinformatics Research (CUBRe), Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
- Biological Sciences Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communication Africa Centre of Excellence (CApIC-ACE), Covenant University, Ota 112233, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka O. Ajani
- Covenant University Bioinformatics Research (CUBRe), Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communication Africa Centre of Excellence (CApIC-ACE), Covenant University, Ota 112233, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, Covenant University, Covenant University, Km 10 Idiroko Road, P.M.B. 1023 Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ezekiel Adebiyi
- Covenant University Bioinformatics Research (CUBRe), Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communication Africa Centre of Excellence (CApIC-ACE), Covenant University, Ota 112233, Nigeria
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Yu G, Sun M, Zhang T, Xu H, Wang J, Ye W, Wang P, Zhang S, Zhang C, Sun Y. Lanhuashen stimulates the positive cross-regulation mediated by the S1P axis to ameliorate the disorder of glucolipid metabolism induced by the high sucrose diet in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117248. [PMID: 37804923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Herba Wanlenbergiae, named 'Lanhuashen' (LHS) in Chinese, is derived from the dried herba of Wahlenbergia marginata (Thunb.) A.DC. It is an abundant resource that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for over 600 years. LHS has the effects of enriching consumptive disease and relieving deficient heat, consistent with the therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in TCM. As the basic remedy of Yulan Jiangtang capsules, a listed Chinese medicine specifically for treating T2DM, LHS is a potential candidate for an anti-T2DM drug. However, due to the lack of pharmacodynamic studies and chemical component analysis, the application and development of LHS as a treatment for T2DM have been hindered. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the regulation of the disorder of glucolipid metabolism using LHS extracts and its therapeutic potential in T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical components in LHS extracts were analysed using UPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap-MS. Subsequently, high sucrose diet (HSD)-induced Drosophila melanogaster were used as suitable models for T2DM in vivo. Behavioural and biochemical tests were performed to evaluate the regulation of the disorder of glucolipid metabolism using LHS in T2DM flies. Furthermore, integrative metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis was applied to reveal the specific effects of LHS extracts on metabolites and genes. Meanwhile, bioinformatic analysis was carried out to predict the targeted transcription factors (TFs) and potentially effective components of LHS extracts. RESULTS We redefined the chemical profile of LHS with 76 identified chemical components, including 65 chemical components for the first time. As indicated by decreased trehalose, glucose and triglyceride levels and increased total protein levels, LHS extracts were perceived to alleviate the disorder of glucolipid metabolism in HSD-induced T2DM fruit flies. Integrative metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed that LHS extracts eliminated the accumulation of sphingolipids and subsequently stimulated the positive cross-regulation mediated by the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) axis, resulting in the activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signalling pathway and inhibition of lysosome-mediated apoptosis. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the upstream TFs, transcriptional enhancer factor TEF-5 (TEAD3) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA), were the potential targets of atractylenolide III, dihydrokaempferol and syringaldehyde, the potentially effective components of LHS extracts. Therefore, this TF network was plausibly the basis for the efficacy. CONCLUSIONS LHS extracts broadly modulated TF-dependent gene expression and subsequently stimulated the positive cross-regulation mediated by the S1P axis to ameliorate the disorder of glucolipid metabolism. Our study provides critical evidence considering LHS as a potential drug candidate for T2DM, inspiring the discovery and development of innovative therapeutic agents based on the cross-regulation mediated by the S1P axis for treating T2DM and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengyuan Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Mo Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Tonghua Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Haoran Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Wanting Ye
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Shiyun Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Chenning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China.
| | - Yikun Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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4
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Olaokun OO, Zubair MS. Antidiabetic Activity, Molecular Docking, and ADMET Properties of Compounds Isolated from Bioactive Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Ficus lutea Leaf Extract. Molecules 2023; 28:7717. [PMID: 38067448 PMCID: PMC10708125 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes contributes to the rising global death rate. Despite scientific advancements in understanding and managing diabetes, no single therapeutic agent has been identified to effectively treat and prevent its progression. Consequently, the exploration for new antidiabetic therapeutics continues. This study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic bioactive ethyl acetate fraction of F. lutea at the molecular level to understand the molecular interactions and ligand-protein binding. To do this, the fraction underwent column chromatography fractionation to yield five compounds: lupeol, stigmasterol, α-amyrin acetate, epicatechin, and epiafzelechin. These compounds were evaluated in vitro through α-glucosidase inhibition and glucose utilization assays in C2C12 muscle and H-4-11-E liver cells using standard methods. In silico analysis was conducted using molecular docking and ADMET studies. Epicatechin exhibited the most potent α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 5.72 ± 2.7 µg/mL), while epiafzelechin stimulated superior glucose utilization in C2C12 muscle cells (33.35 ± 1.8%) and H-4-11-E liver cells (46.7 ± 1.2%) at a concentration of 250 µg/mL. The binding energies of the isolated compounds for glycogen phosphorylase (1NOI) and α-amylase (1OSE) were stronger (<-8.1) than those of the positive controls. Overall, all tested compounds exhibited characteristics indicative of their potential as antidiabetic agents; however, toxicity profiling predicted epiafzelechin and epicatechin as better alternatives. The ethyl acetate fraction and its compounds, particularly epiafzelechin, showed promise as antidiabetic agents. However, further comprehensive studies are necessary to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyinlola O. Olaokun
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, School of Science and Technology, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, Molotlegi Street, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
| | - Muhammad S. Zubair
- Natural Product Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Tadulako University, Palu-Central Sulawesi 94118, Indonesia;
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Alam W, Khan H, Saeed Jan M, Rashid U, Abusharha A, Daglia M. Synthesis, in-vitro inhibition of cyclooxygenases and in silico studies of new isoxazole derivatives. Front Chem 2023; 11:1222047. [PMID: 37744065 PMCID: PMC10511884 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1222047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoxazole belongs to the class of five-membered heterocyclic compounds. The process of developing new drugs has significantly gained attention due to inadequate pharmacokinetic and safety attributes of the available drugs. This study aimed to design a new diverse array of ten novel isoxazole derivatives via Claisen Schmidt condensation reaction. In vitro COX-1/2 anti-inflammatory assay, in silico molecular docking of potent compounds, Molecular docking simulation, and SwissADME pharmacokinetic profile were investigated in this research. The in vitro COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibitory assay showed that almost all the tested compounds exhibited anti-inflammatory effects whereas C6, C5, and C3 were found to be the most potent COX-2 enzyme inhibitors among the tested compounds and are good candidates for selective COX-2 inhibitors. In silico molecular docking studies coupled with molecular dynamic simulation has been done to rationalize the time-evolved mode of interaction of selected inhibitor inside the active pockets of target COX-2. The binding orientations and binding energy results also showed the selectivity of compounds towards COX-2. Physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic profile, lipophilicity, water solubility, drug metabolism, drug-likeness properties, and medicinal chemistry of the synthesized isoxazole derivatives were assessed. The SwissADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) database was used to assess the physicochemical properties and drug-likeness properties of the synthesized isoxazole derivatives. All the compounds were shown high GI absorption except Compound 7 (C7). Compound 1 (C1) and Compound 2 (C2) were found to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Lipinski's rule of five is not violated by any of the ten synthesized isoxazole derivatives. It was predicted with the SwissADME database that C2, C5, C6, C7, and C8 are potent inhibitors of cytochrome (CYP) subtype CYP-2C19. A subtype of CYP-2C9 was inhibited by C4 and C7. The medicinal chemistry of all the compounds C1-C10 showed no PAIN (Pan assay interference compounds) alerts. The improved gastrointestinal (GI) absorption and BBB permeability of C1 and C2 can provide a future prospective for new researchers in the medicinal field to investigate the compounds for the management of chronic diseases. The synthesized isoxazole compounds showed excellent in vitro COX-1/2 enzymes anti-inflammatory investigations, in silico studies, good physicochemical properties, and improved pharmacokinetic profile which will be further investigated via in vivo anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, to further support our findings of the computational research and in vitro studies, an in-vivo pharmacokinetic profile is suggested in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | | | - Umer Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad-Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Abusharha
- Optometry Department, Applied Medical Sciences College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- International Research Centre for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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6
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Yelamanda Rao K, Jeelan Basha S, Monika K, Sreelakshmi M, Sivakumar I, Mallikarjuna G, Yadav RM, Kumar S, Subramanyam R, Damu AG. Synthesis and anti-Alzheimer potential of novel α-amino phosphonate derivatives and probing their molecular interaction mechanism with acetylcholinesterase. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 253:115288. [PMID: 37031527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Pleiotropic interference may be a prerequisite for the efficient limitation of the progression of multi-factorial diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Concept of designing the single chemical entity acting on two or more targets of interest has potential advantage in AD therapy. In line with this, rational design and synthesis of frame work of hybrids bearing 2,3-disubstituted quinazolinone, vanillin and α-amino phosphonate scaffolds (5a─v) were carried out. A congeneric set of twenty-two synthetic derivatives (5a─v) were evaluated for their cholinesterase inhibitory, antioxidant, DNA nicking, DNA protection, neuroprotective and Aβ aggregation modulatory activities. Amongst tested activities, the most significant and worth mentioning is that the analogues 5m, 5p and 5u were found to be the most potent, selective, and mixed type inhibitors of EeAChE with IC50 values of 0.296 ± 0.030, 0.289 ± 0.027, and 0.306 ± 0.028 μM, respectively. Further, the biophysical approaches indicated that the compounds 5m, 5p, and 5u have a strong binding affinity towards AChE. Kinetic and Molecular docking studies have revealed that the most active congeners were well oriented in the AChE active site by interacting with both catalytic active site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS). A few parameters derived from molecular dynamics (MD) simulation trajectories emphasized the stability of AChE-5p and 5m complexes throughout the 100 ns simulations, and the local conformational changes of the residues of AChE validate the stability of AChE-5p and 5m complexes. Further, these derivatives significantly impacted ABTS radical scavenging capacities and maximal DNA protection activity. Importantly, Thioflavin T (ThT) assay and FE-SEM study demonstrated compounds 5m, 5p and 5u as effective Aβ1-42 fibril modulators at molecular level by the formation of micro size co-assembled mature structures, thus efficiently abolishing the cytotoxicity of Aβ1-42. Finally, these active compounds are determined to be non-toxic and highly neuroprotective against H2O2-induced cell death in SK-N-SH cell lines. Furthermore, in silico ADMET prediction studies have revealed that the targeted analogues satisfied most of the characteristics of CNS acting drugs. These multi-functional efficacies indicated worthiness of these α-amino phosphonate derivatives being chosen for further pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and behavioral research to test their potential for AD treatment.
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7
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Badrey MG, Gomha SM, Abdelmonsef AH, El-Reedy AAM. Syntheses and Molecular Docking Analysis of Some New Thiazole and Thiazine Derivatives as Three Armed Molecules with a Triazine Ring as a Core Component: A Search for anti-Obesity Agents. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2023.2173617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed G. Badrey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, El-Fayoum, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts-Almandaq, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sobhi M. Gomha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cairo, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed A. M. El-Reedy
- Department of Basic and Applied Science, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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8
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Pharmacokinetic Studies of Thiazolidine-2,4-Dione Derivatives. J CHEM-NY 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/9462176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Various derivatives of thiazolidine-2,4-dione (C1–C5) were designed and synthesized by chemical reaction with 4-nitrobenzaldehyde using Knoevenagel reaction conditions which results in the reduction of nitro group to amine and further modification results in target compounds. The chemical structures of all the 2,4-thiazolidinedione derivatives have been elucidated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. These compounds were further characterized by in silico ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) studies. The pharmacokinetic properties were assessed by SwissADME software. The in silico ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) assessment reveals that all derivatives (C1 to C5) have 5 to 7 rotatable bonds. Lipophilicity and water solubility showed that C1, C2, and C4 are water soluble except for C3 and C5 which are moderately soluble. All the compounds have high GI absorption except C3. None of the derivatives are blood-brain barrier permeant. Drug metabolism of TZDs derivatives showed that C3 was identified as an inhibitor of CYP2C9 and C5 as an inhibitor of CYP1A2 and CYP2C19. Drug likeness properties indicate that C1 has only one violation of the Ghose rule while C3 has violations in the Ghose and Egan rules. The in silico pharmacokinetic studies revealed high GI absorption and the inability to pass blood-brain barrier which can be further assessed by in vitro and in vivo antihyperglycemic activity. This study will contribute to providing TZDs derivatives with an improved pharmacokinetic profile and decreased toxicity.
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9
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Novel organoselenium-based N-mealanilic acid and its zinc (II) chelate: Catalytic, anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and computational assessments. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Multicomponent Molecular Systems Based on Porphyrins, 1,3,5-Triazine and Carboranes: Synthesis and Characterization. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196200. [PMID: 36234729 PMCID: PMC9572311 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
2,4,6-Trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (cyanuric chloride) is an excellent coupling reagent for the preparation of highly structured multifunctional molecules. Three component systems based on porphyrin, cyanuric chloride and carborane clusters were prepared by a one-pot stepwise amination of cyanuric chloride with 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin, followed by replacement of the remaining chlorine atoms with carborane S- or N-nucleophiles. Some variants of 1,3,5-triazine derivatives containing porphyrin, carborane and residues of biologically active compounds such as maleimide, glycine methyl ester as well as thioglycolic acid, mercaptoethanol and hexafluoroisopropanol were also prepared. A careful control of the reaction temperature during the substitution reactions will allow the synthesis of desired compounds in a good to high yields. The structures of synthesized compounds were determined with UV-vis, IR, 1H NMR, 11B NMR, MALDI-TOF or LC-MS spectroscopic data. The dark and photocytotoxicity as well as intracellular localization and photoinduced cell death for compounds 8, 9, 17, 18 and 24 were evaluated.
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11
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Long S, Duarte D, Carvalho C, Oliveira R, Santarém N, Palmeira A, Resende DISP, Silva AMS, Moreira R, Kijjoa A, Cordeiro da Silva A, Nogueira F, Sousa E, Pinto MMM. Indole-Containing Pyrazino[2,1- b]quinazoline-3,6-diones Active against Plasmodium and Trypanosomatids. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:225-235. [PMID: 35178179 PMCID: PMC8842117 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria, leishmaniasis, and sleeping sickness are potentially fatal diseases that represent a real health risk for more than 3,5 billion people. New antiparasitic compounds are urgent leading to a constant search for novel scaffolds. Herein, pyrazino[2,1-b]quinazoline-3,6-diones containing indole alkaloids were explored for their antiparasitic potential against Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma brucei, and Leishmania infantum. The synthetic libraries furnished promising hit compounds that are species specific (7, 12) or with broad antiparasitic activity (8). Structure-activity relationships were more evident for Plasmodium with anti-isomers (1S,4R) possessing excellent antimalarial activity, while the presence of a substituent on the anthranilic acid moiety had a negative effect on the activity. Hit compounds against malaria did not inhibit β-hematin, and in silico studies predicted these molecules as possible inhibitors for prolyl-tRNA synthetase both from Plasmodium and Leishmania. These results disclosed a potential new chemotype for further optimization toward novel and affordable antiparasitic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solida Long
- Laboratório
de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal,Department
of Bioengineering, Royal University of Phnom
Penh, Russian Confederation
Blvd, 12156 Phnom
Penh, Cambodia
| | - Denise Duarte
- Global
Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina
Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla Carvalho
- Parasite
Disease Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia
Molecular e Celular, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- Global
Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina
Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Santarém
- Parasite
Disease Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia
Molecular e Celular, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- Laboratório
de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal,CIIMAR
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e
Ambiental, Terminal de
Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Diana I. S. P. Resende
- Laboratório
de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal,CIIMAR
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e
Ambiental, Terminal de
Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- QOPNA
- Química
Orgânica, Produtos Naturais e Agroalimentares, Departamento
de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui Moreira
- Research
Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- CIIMAR
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e
Ambiental, Terminal de
Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal,ICBAS-Instituto
de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela Cordeiro da Silva
- Parasite
Disease Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia
Molecular e Celular, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal,Departamento
de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Nogueira
- Global
Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina
Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal,. Phone: +351 213652600
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratório
de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal,CIIMAR
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e
Ambiental, Terminal de
Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal,. Phone: +351-220428689
| | - Madalena M. M. Pinto
- Laboratório
de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal,CIIMAR
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e
Ambiental, Terminal de
Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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12
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Bitew M, Desalegn T, Demissie TB, Belayneh A, Endale M, Eswaramoorthy R. Pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness of antidiabetic flavonoids: Molecular docking and DFT study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260853. [PMID: 34890431 PMCID: PMC8664201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Computer aided toxicity and pharmacokinetic prediction studies attracted the attention of pharmaceutical industries as an alternative means to predict potential drug candidates. In the present study, in-silico pharmacokinetic properties (ADME), drug-likeness, toxicity profiles of sixteen antidiabetic flavonoids that have ideal bidentate chelating sites for metal ion coordination were examined using SwissADME, Pro Tox II, vNN and ADMETlab web tools. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also employed to calculate quantum chemical descriptors of the compounds. Molecular docking studies against human alpha amylase were also conducted. The results were compared with the control drugs, metformin and acarbose. The drug-likeness prediction results showed that all flavonoids, except myricetin, were found to obey Lipinski's rule of five for their drug like molecular nature. Pharmacokinetically, chrysin, wogonin, genistein, baicalein, and apigenin showed best absorption profile with human intestinal absorption (HIA) value of ≥ 30%, compared to the other flavonoids. Baicalein, butein, ellagic acid, eriodyctiol, Fisetin and quercetin were predicted to show carcinogenicity. The flavonoid derivatives considered in this study are predicted to be suitable molecules for CYP3A probes, except eriodyctiol which interacts with P-glycoprotein (p-gp). The toxicological endpoints prediction analysis showed that the median lethal dose (LD50) values range from 159-3919 mg/Kg, of which baicalein and quercetin are found to be mutagenic whereas butein is found to be the only immunotoxin. Molecular docking studies showed that the significant interaction (-7.5 to -8.3 kcal/mol) of the studied molecules in the binding pocket of the α-amylase protein relative to the control metformin with the crucial amino acids Asp 197, Glu 233, Asp 197, Glu 233, Trp 59, Tyr 62, His 101, Leu 162, Arg 195, His 299 and Leu 165. Chrysin was predicted to be a ligand with high absorption and lipophilicity with 84.6% absorption compared to metformin (78.3%). Moreover, quantum chemical, ADMET, drug-likeness and molecular docking profiles predicted that chrysin is a good bidentate ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamaru Bitew
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Tegene Desalegn
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Taye B. Demissie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Anteneh Belayneh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Milkyas Endale
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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13
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Kulkeaw K. Progress and challenges in the use of fluorescence-based flow cytometric assays for anti-malarial drug susceptibility tests. Malar J 2021; 20:57. [PMID: 33478496 PMCID: PMC7818911 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant Plasmodium is a frequent global threat in malaria eradication programmes, highlighting the need for new anti-malarial drugs and efficient detection of treatment failure. Plasmodium falciparum culture is essential in drug discovery and resistance surveillance. Microscopy of Giemsa-stained erythrocytes is common for determining anti-malarial effects on the intraerythrocytic development of cultured Plasmodium parasites. Giemsa-based microscopy use is conventional but laborious, and its accuracy depends largely on examiner skill. Given the availability of nucleic acid-binding fluorescent dyes and advances in flow cytometry, the use of various fluorochromes has been frequently attempted for the enumeration of parasitaemia and discrimination of P. falciparum growth in drug susceptibility assays. However, fluorochromes do not meet the requirements of being fast, simple, reliable and sensitive. Thus, this review revisits the utility of fluorochromes, notes previously reported hindrances, and highlights the challenges and opportunities for using fluorochromes in flow cytometer-based drug susceptibility tests. It aims to improve drug discovery and support a resistance surveillance system, an essential feature in combatting malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasem Kulkeaw
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2, Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, 10700, Bangkok, Thailand.
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14
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Jain S, Jain PK, Sain S, Kishore D, Dwivedi J. Anticancer s-Triazine Derivatives: A Synthetic Attribute. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x17666200131111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
1, 3, 5-Triazine (s-Triazine) is a versatile nucleus to design and develop potent bioactive
molecules for drug discovery, particularly in cancer therapy. The aim of this review is to present the
most recent trends in the field of synthetic strategies made for functionalized triazine derivatives active
against cell proliferation. This review article covers the synthesis of aryl methylamino, morpholino,
triamino substituted triazines, antimitotic agents coupled triazines and many more. Many 1,3,5-
triazine derivatives, both hetero-fused and uncondensed, have shown remarkable antitumor activities.
We have highlighted various derivatives with 1, 3, 5-triazine core targeting different kinases with an
aim to help researchers for developing new 1, 3, 5-triazine derived compounds for antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022, India
| | - Shalu Sain
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022, India
| | - Dharma Kishore
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022, India
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15
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Albino SL, da Silva JM, de C Nobre MS, de M E Silva YMS, Santos MB, de Araújo RSA, do C A de Lima M, Schmitt M, de Moura RO. Bioprospecting of Nitrogenous Heterocyclic Scaffolds with Potential Action for Neglected Parasitosis: A Review. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4112-4150. [PMID: 32611290 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200701160904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neglected parasitic diseases are a group of infections currently considered as a worldwide concern. This fact can be attributed to the migration of these diseases to developed and developing countries, associated with therapeutic insufficiency resulted from the low investment in the research and development of new drugs. In order to overcome this situation, bioprospecting supports medicinal chemistry in the identification of new scaffolds with therapeutically appropriate physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Among them, we highlight the nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds, as they are secondary metabolites of many natural products with potential biological activity. The objective of this work was to review studies within a 10-year timeframe (2009- 2019), focusing on the pharmacological application of nitrogen bioprospectives (pyrrole, pyridine, indole, quinoline, acridine, and their respective derivatives) against neglected parasitic infections (malaria, leishmania, trypanosomiases, and schistosomiasis), and their application as a template for semi-synthesis or total synthesis of potential antiparasitic agents. In our studies, it was observed that among the selected articles, there was a higher focus on the attempt to identify and obtain novel antimalarial compounds, in a way that an extensive amount of studies involving all heterocyclic nitrogen nuclei were found. On the other hand, the parasites with the lowest number of publications up until the present date have been trypanosomiasis, especially those caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, and schistosomiasis, where some heterocyclics have not even been cited in recent years. Thus, we conclude that despite the great biodiversity on the planet, little attention has been given to certain neglected tropical diseases, especially those that reach countries with a high poverty rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonaly L Albino
- Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, R. Baraunas, 351, Cidade Universitaria, Campina Grande, Paraiba, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Jamire M da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitaria, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Michelangela S de C Nobre
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitaria, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Yvnni M S de M E Silva
- Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, R. Baraunas, 351, Cidade Universitaria, Campina Grande, Paraiba, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Mirelly B Santos
- Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, R. Baraunas, 351, Cidade Universitaria, Campina Grande, Paraiba, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S A de Araújo
- Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, R. Baraunas, 351, Cidade Universitaria, Campina Grande, Paraiba, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Maria do C A de Lima
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitaria, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Martine Schmitt
- Universite de Strasbourg, CNRS, LIT UMR 7200, Laboratoire d'innovation therapeutique, Illkirch, France
| | - Ricardo O de Moura
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitaria, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
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Adhikari N, Kashyap A, Shakya A, Ghosh SK, Bhattacharyya DR, Bhat HR, Singh UP. Microwave assisted synthesis, docking and antimalarial evaluation of hybrid PABA‐substituted 1,3,5‐triazine derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nayana Adhikari
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesDibrugarh University Dibrugarh India
| | - Ankita Kashyap
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesDibrugarh University Dibrugarh India
| | - Anshul Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesDibrugarh University Dibrugarh India
| | | | | | - Hans Raj Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesDibrugarh University Dibrugarh India
| | - Udaya Pratap Singh
- Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences Allahabad India
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17
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Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity of new Zn(II) and MoO22+ complexes of 2-amino-4,6-mercaptotriazine. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Chaves OA, Mathew B, Parambi DGT, C S de Oliveira CH, Cesarin-Sobrinho D, Lakshminarayanan B, Najeeb S, Nafna EK, Marathakam A, Uddin MS, Joy M, Carlos Netto-Ferreira J. Studies on the interaction between HSA and new halogenated metformin derivatives: influence of lipophilic groups in the binding ability. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:2128-2140. [PMID: 31184536 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1627247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In the type II diabetes mellitus, Metformin hydrochloride is recommended as a common FAD approved drug. Synthesis of novel metformin series has been widely explored, mainly due to its biological importance and to improve their pharmacokinetic profile. Generally, human serum albumin (HSA) is the main protein used to study drug viability in vitro analysis. Thus, the present study reports the synthesis of three new halogenated metformin derivatives (MFCl, MFBr and MFCF3) and its interaction toward HSA by multiple spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, circular dichroism, steady-state, time-resolved and synchronous fluorescence), combined to computational methods (molecular docking and quantum chemical calculation). The interaction between each halogenated metformin derivative and HSA is spontaneous (ΔG°<0), entropically driven (ΔS°>0), moderate (Ka and Kb ≈ 104 M-1) and occurs preferentially in the subdomain IIA (close to Trp-214 residue). Molecular docking results suggested hydrogen bonding, van der Waals and hydrophobic interactions as the main binding forces. Quantum chemical calculations suggested imino groups as the most intense electrostatic negative potentials, while the positive electrostatic potential is located at the hydrogen atoms on N,N-dimethyl and the phenyl systems which can help the hydrophobic interactions. [Formula: see text]Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otávio Augusto Chaves
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil.,SENAI Innovation Institute for Green Chemisry, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | | | - Cosme Henrique C S de Oliveira
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Dari Cesarin-Sobrinho
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Balasubramanian Lakshminarayanan
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, Kerala, India.,Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sadiya Najeeb
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - E K Nafna
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Akash Marathakam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National College of Pharmacy, Calicut, Kerala
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Monu Joy
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - José Carlos Netto-Ferreira
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil.,Divisão de Metrologia Química, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia - INMETRO, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
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19
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Ramos-Morales E, Tibble-Howlings J, Lyons L, Ogbu MO, Murphy PJ, Braganca R, Newbold CJ. Slight changes in the chemical structure of haemanthamine greatly influence the effect of the derivatives on rumen fermentation in vitro. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2440. [PMID: 30792418 PMCID: PMC6385227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the potential of plants extracts to improve feed efficiency and animal productivity and decrease methane emissions by enteric fermentation has been shown, the information available is often contradictory which has been attributed to differences in the complex mixture of bioactive compounds and their interactions. Understanding the degree to which structural features in a compound may affect the biological activity of an extract is essential. We hypothesised that relative small variations in the structure of a compound can have a significant influence on the ability of the derivatives to alter fermentation in the rumen. Nine compounds were synthetized from the natural alkaloid haemanthamine and tested in vitro for their effects on rumen protozoa and fermentation parameters. Our results showed that simple esterifications of haemanthamine or its derivative dihydrohaemanthamine with acetate, butyrate, pivalate or hexanoate led to compounds that differed in their effects on rumen fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Lyons
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, SY23 3DA, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Magnus O Ogbu
- Biocomposites Centre, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
| | | | - Radek Braganca
- Biocomposites Centre, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
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