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Damena T, Desalegn T, Mathura S, Getahun A, Bizuayehu D, Alem MB, Gadisa S, Zeleke D, Demissie TB. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Computational Studies of Novel Co(II) and Zn(II) Fluoroquinoline Complexes for Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:36761-36777. [PMID: 39220483 PMCID: PMC11359626 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c05560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Research into heterocyclic ligands has increased in popularity due to their versatile applications in the biomedical field. Quinoline derivatives with their transition metal complexes are popular scaffolding molecules in the ongoing pursuit of newer and more effective bioactive molecules. Subsequently, this work reports on the synthesis and possible biological application of new Zn(II) and Co(II) complexes with a bidentate quinoline derivative ligand (H2 L), [(H2 L):(E)-2-(((6-fluoro-2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)quinolin-3-yl)methylene)amino)ethanol]. The ligand and its metal complexes were structurally characterized by spectroscopic methods (1H NMR, 13C NMR, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-vis, fluorescence, and mass spectroscopy), as well as by thermogravimetric and elemental analysis methods. The spectroscopic findings were further supported by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD)-DFT calculations. The biological application was examined by investigating the inhibitory action of the complexes against bacterial strains using diffusion and agar dilution methods, and their profiles against two Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains were supported by molecular docking analysis. To rationalize the in vitro activity and establish the possible mechanism of action, the interactions and binding affinity of the ligand and complexes were investigated against three different bacterial enzymes (Escherichia coli DNA gyrase (PDB ID 6f86), E. coli dihydrofolate reductase B (PDB ID: 7r6g), and Staphylococcus aureus tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (PDB ID: 1JIJ)) using AutoDock with the standard protocol. The MIC value of 0.20 μg/mL for zinc complex against E. coli and associated binding affinities -7.2 and -9.9 kcal/mol with DNA gyrase (PDB ID 6f86) and dihydrofolate reductase B (PDB ID: 7r6g), as well as the MIC value of 2.4 μg/mL for cobalt(II) complex against Staphylococcus aureus and the associated binding affinity of -10.5 kcal/mol with tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (PDB ID: 1JIJ), revealed that the complexes' inhibitory actions were strong and comparable with those of the standard drug in the experiments. In addition, the ability of the new quinoline-based complexes to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl radicals was investigated; the findings suggested that the complexes exhibit potent antioxidant activities, which may be of therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadewos Damena
- Department
of Chemistry, Wachemo University, P.O. Box 667 Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Tegene Desalegn
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and
Technology University, P.O. Box 1888 Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Sadhna Mathura
- School
of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Alemayehu Getahun
- Department
of Biology, Wachemo University, P.O. Box 667 Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Bizuayehu
- Department
of Chemistry, Wachemo University, P.O. Box 667 Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Mamaru Bitew Alem
- Department
of Physics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
- National
Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences (NITheCS), Dimbaza 5600, South Africa
| | - Shiferaw Gadisa
- Department
of Physics, Wachemo University, P.O. Box 667 Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Digafie Zeleke
- Department
of Chemistry, Salale University, P.O. Box 245 Fitche, Ethiopia
| | - Taye B. Demissie
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Botswana, Notwane Rd, P/bag UB, 00704 Gaborone, Botswana
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Emami L, Hassani M, Mardaneh P, Zare F, Saeedi M, Emami M, Khabnadideh S, Sadeghian S. 6-Bromo quinazoline derivatives as cytotoxic agents: design, synthesis, molecular docking and MD simulation. BMC Chem 2024; 18:125. [PMID: 38965630 PMCID: PMC11225515 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on unselectively, several side effects and drug resistance of available anticancer agents, the development and research for novel anticancer agents is necessary. In this study, a new series of quinazoline-4(3H)-one derivatives having a thiol group at position 2 of the quinazoline ring (8a-8 h) were designed and synthesized as potential anticancer agents. The Chemical structures of all compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and Mass spectroscopy. The antiproliferative activity of all derivatives were determined against two cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and SW480) and one normal cell lines (MRC-5) by the MTT method. Cisplatin, Erlotinib and Doxorubicin were used as positive controls. The results of in vitro screening showed that 8a with an aliphatic linker to SH group was the most potent compound with IC50 values of 15.85 ± 3.32 and 17.85 ± 0.92 µM against MCF-7 and SW480 cell lines, respectively. 8a indicated significantly better potency compared to Erlotinib in the MCF-7 cell line. The cytotoxic results obtained from testing compound 8a on the normal cell line, revealing an IC50 value of 84.20 ± 1.72 µM, provide compelling evidence of its selectivity in distinguishing between tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cell lines. Structure-activity relationship indicated that the variation in the anticancer activities of quinazoline-4(3H)-one derivatives was affected by different substitutions on the SH position. Molecular docking and MD simulation were carried out for consideration of the binding affinity of compounds against EGFR and EGFR-mutated. The binding energy of compounds 8a and 8c were calculated at -6.7 and - 5.3 kcal.mol- 1, respectively. Compounds 8a and 8c were found to establish hydrogen bonds and some other important interactions with key residue. The DFT analysis was also performed at the B3LYP/6-31 + G(d, p) level for compounds 8a, 8c and Erlotinib. Compound 8a was thermodynamically more stable than 8c. Also, the calculated theoretical and experimental data for the IR spectrum were in agreement. The obtained results delineated that the 8a can be considered an appropriate pharmacophore to develop as an anti-proliferative agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Emami
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hassani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pegah Mardaneh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fateme Zare
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Saeedi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mina Emami
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soghra Khabnadideh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sara Sadeghian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Ajmal M, Mahato AK, Khan M, Rawat S, Husain A, Almalki EB, Alzahrani MA, Haque A, Hakme MJM, Albalawi AS, Rashid M. Significance of Triazole in Medicinal Chemistry: Advancement in Drug Design, Reward and Biological Activity. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400637. [PMID: 38740555 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
One of the triazole tautomers, 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, has a wide range of biological activities that suggest its potential therapeutic utility in medicinal chemistry. These actions include anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-tuberculosis, and anti-diabetic effects. Using computational simulations and models, we investigate the structure-activity relationships of 1,2,4-triazoles, showing how various modifications to the triazole core yield a variety of clinical therapeutic benefits. The review highlights the anti-inflammatory effect of 1,2,4-triazoles in relation to their ability to disrupt significant inflammatory mediators and pathways. We present in-silico data that illuminate the triazoles' capacity to inhibit cell division, encourage apoptosis, and stop metastasis in a range of cancer models. This review looks at the bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, with a focus on their potential efficacy against multi-drug resistant bacterial infections and their usage in tuberculosis therapy. In order to better understand these substances' potential anti-diabetic benefits, this review also looks at how they affect glucose metabolism regulation and insulin responsiveness. Coordinated efforts are required to translate the efficacy of 1,2,4-triazole compounds in preclinical models into practical therapeutic benefits. Based on the information provided, it can be concluded that 1,2,4-triazole derivatives are a promising class of diverse therapeutic agents with potential utility in a range of disorders. Their development and improvement might herald a new era of medical care that will be immensely advantageous to both patients and the medical community as a whole. This comprehensive research, which is further reinforced by in-silico investigations, highlights the great medicinal potential of 1,2,4-triazoles. Additionally, this study encourages more research into these substances and their enhancement for use in pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ajmal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arun Kumar Mahato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mausin Khan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shivani Rawat
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Asif Husain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110064, India
| | | | | | - Anzarul Haque
- Central Laboratories Unit, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | | | - Ahmed Suleman Albalawi
- Tabuk Health Cluster, Erada Mental Health Complex, Tabuk, 47717, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Rashid
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, 51418, Saudi Arabia
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Filipić B, Ušjak D, Rambaher MH, Oljacic S, Milenković MT. Evaluation of novel compounds as anti-bacterial or anti-virulence agents. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1370062. [PMID: 38510964 PMCID: PMC10951914 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1370062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat, leading to an alarming increase in the prevalence of bacterial infections that can no longer be treated with available antibiotics. The World Health Organization estimates that by 2050 up to 10 million deaths per year could be associated with antimicrobial resistance, which would equal the annual number of cancer deaths worldwide. To overcome this emerging crisis, novel anti-bacterial compounds are urgently needed. There are two possible approaches in the fight against bacterial infections: a) targeting structures within bacterial cells, similar to existing antibiotics; and/or b) targeting virulence factors rather than bacterial growth. Here, for the first time, we provide a comprehensive overview of the key steps in the evaluation of potential new anti-bacterial and/or anti-virulence compounds. The methods described in this review include: a) in silico methods for the evaluation of novel compounds; b) anti-bacterial assays (MIC, MBC, Time-kill); b) anti-virulence assays (anti-biofilm, anti-quorum sensing, anti-adhesion); and c) evaluation of safety aspects (cytotoxicity assay and Ames test). Overall, we provide a detailed description of the methods that are an essential tool for chemists, computational chemists, microbiologists, and toxicologists in the evaluation of potential novel antimicrobial compounds. These methods are cost-effective and have high predictive value. They are widely used in preclinical studies to identify new molecular candidates, for further investigation in animal and human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brankica Filipić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Ušjak
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Martina Hrast Rambaher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Slavica Oljacic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina T. Milenković
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Haroen U, Syafwan S, Kurniawan K, Budiansyah A. Determination of total phenolics, flavonoids, and testing of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of red ginger ( Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum). J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11:114-124. [PMID: 38680806 PMCID: PMC11055600 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2024.k755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to select the active fraction of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) for its antioxidant and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (AMC 6934), Bacillus subtilis (AMC 7923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (AMC 8973), and Escherichia coli (AMC 5761). Materials and Methods A total of 2 kg of dry red ginger rhizome powder was macerated in stages with different levels of solvent polarity to extract the chemical composition within the red ginger powder sample. The extraction process begins with a non-polar solvent (n-hexane) by soaking the red ginger powder sample for 3 × 24 h. Results The red ginger extract fractionated with methanol produced alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, and coumarins, while the fractionation using n-hexane produced alkaloids and triterpenoids only. The fractionation with ethyl acetate produced alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins, and coumarins. The antioxidant activity test was 49.261 mg/l for the ethyl acetate fraction, 146.648 mg/l for the methanol fraction, and 300.865 mg/l for the n-hexane fraction. Conclusion The ethyl acetate fraction was effectively powerful in inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. All fractions had moderate antibacterial activity; however, the performance of ethyl acetate in the red ginger extract was better than that of methanol and n-hexane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ucop Haroen
- Faculty of Animal Science, Jambi University, Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - Syafwan Syafwan
- Faculty of Animal Science, Jambi University, Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - Kiki Kurniawan
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drugs Development, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Agus Budiansyah
- Faculty of Animal Science, Jambi University, Sumatra, Indonesia
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6
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Badr El-Din KM, Derayea SM, Mohammed FF, Hamad AA. Integrated resonance Rayleigh scattering approach utilizing Box-Behnken experimental design for the facile quantification of prucalopride in pharmaceutical tablets and human urine with sustainability assessment. RSC Adv 2024; 14:7797-7805. [PMID: 38444975 PMCID: PMC10913158 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07980e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Prucalopride (PCP) is one of the recent drugs used for the regulation of gastrointestinal tract motility and the treatment of constipation. A new, highly sensitive and fast resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) approach was suggested for PCP determination. The approach was based on its reaction of PCP with eosin Y in buffered medium (pH 3.5) to form an ion pair association complex which had a significant enhancement in RRS compared to that of eosin Y or PCP alone. The enhancement of RRS intensity had straight correlation to PCP concentration ranging from 150 to 2000 ng mL-1 with 38 ng mL-1 as LOD and 125 ng mL-1 as LOQ. The measurements were done at a wavelength of 365 nm that provided the maximum sensitivity. All the experimental parameters were studied carefully and optimized via Box-Behnken experimental design. The International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines were employed to validate the suggested method and the obtained results proved the appropriate method performance. The method was efficiently utilized to determine PCP in pure form, pharmaceutical tablets and spiked urine samples with no interferences from the surrounding matrices. Furthermore, the greenness of the suggested procedure was confirmed using different green metric approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Badr El-Din
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University Minia Egypt
| | - Sayed M Derayea
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University Minia Egypt
| | - Fatma F Mohammed
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University Minia Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdulhafez Hamad
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University Assiut Branch Assiut Egypt
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7
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Emami L, Zare F, Khabnadideh S, Rezaei Z, Sabahi Z, Zare Gheshlaghi S, Behrouz M, Emami M, Ghobadi Z, Madadelahi Ardekani S, Barzegar F, Ebrahimi A, Sabet R. Synthesis, design, biological evaluation, and computational analysis of some novel uracil-azole derivatives as cytotoxic agents. BMC Chem 2024; 18:3. [PMID: 38173035 PMCID: PMC10765869 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The design and synthesis of novel cytotoxic agents is still an interesting topic for medicinal chemistry researchers due to the unwanted side effects of anticancer drugs. In this study, a novel series of uracil-azole hybrids were designed and synthesized. The cytotoxic activity, along with computational studies: molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation, density functional theory, and ADME properties were also, evaluated. The compounds were synthesized by using 3-methyl-6-chlorouracil as the starting material. Cytotoxicity was determined using MTT assay in the breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7) and Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HEPG-2). These derivatives demonstrated powerful inhibitory activity against breast and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines in comparison to Cisplatin as positive control. Among these compounds, 4j displayed the best selectivity profile and good activity with IC50 values of 16.18 ± 1.02 and 7.56 ± 5.28 µM against MCF-7 and HEPG-2 cell lines respectively. Structure-activity relationships revealed that the variation in the cytotoxic potency of the synthesized compounds was affected by various substitutions of benzyl moiety. The docking output showed that 4j bind well in the active site of EGFR and formed a stable complex with the EGFR protein. DFT was used to investigate the reactivity descriptors of 4a and 4j. The outputs demonstrated that these uracil-azole hybrids can be considered as potential cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Emami
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fateme Zare
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. of Iran
| | - Soghra Khabnadideh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Rezaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Sabahi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. of Iran
| | - Saman Zare Gheshlaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Computational Quantum Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Behrouz
- Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mina Emami
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghobadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. of Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Barzegar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemistry, Computational Quantum Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Razieh Sabet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. of Iran.
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Setlur AS, Karunakaran C, Anusha V, Shendre AA, Uttarkar A, Niranjan V, Ashok Kumar HG, Kusanur R. Investigating the Molecular Interactions of Quinoline Derivatives for Antibacterial Activity Against Bacillus subtilis: Computational Biology and In Vitro Study Interpretations. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00933-6. [PMID: 37930509 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00933-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are evolving and one of the chief problems is emergence and prevalence of antibacterial resistance. Moreover, certain strains of Bacillus subtilis have become resistant to several antibiotics. To counteract this menace, the present work aimed to comprehend the antibacterial activity of synthesized two quinoline derivatives against Bacillus subtilis. Toxicity predictions via Protox II, SwissADME and T.E.S.T (Toxicity Estimation Software Tool) revealed that these derivatives were non-toxic and had little to no adverse effects. Molecular docking studies carried out in Schrodinger with two quinoline derivatives (referred Q1 and Q2) docked against selected target proteins (PDB IDs: 2VAM and1FSE) of B. subtilis demonstrated ideal binding energies (2VAM-Q1: - 4.63 kcal/mol and 2VAM-Q2: - 4.46 kcal/mol, and 1FSE-Q1: - 3.51 kcal/mol, 1FSE-Q2: - 6.34 kcal/mol). These complexes were simulated at 100 ns and the outcomes revealed their stability with slight conformational changes. Anti-microbial assay via disc diffusion method revealed zones of inhibition showing that B. subtilis was inhibited by both Q1 and Q2, with Q2 performing slightly better than Q1, pointing towards its effectiveness against this organism and necessitating further study on other bacteria in prospective studies. Thus, this study demonstrates that our novel quinoline derivatives exhibit antibacterial properties against Bacillus subtilis and can act as potent anti-bacterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagha S Setlur
- Department of Biotechnology, R.V College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560059, India
| | | | - V Anusha
- Department of Biotechnology, R.V College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560059, India
| | - Aditya A Shendre
- Department of Biotechnology, R.V College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560059, India
| | - Akshay Uttarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, R.V College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560059, India
| | - Vidya Niranjan
- Department of Biotechnology, R.V College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560059, India
| | - H G Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, R.V College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560059, India
| | - Raviraj Kusanur
- Department of Chemistry, R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560059, India.
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Asfaw A, Lulekal E, Bekele T, Debella A, Meresa A, Sisay B, Degu S, Abebe A. Antibacterial and phytochemical analysis of traditional medicinal plants: An alternative therapeutic Approach to conventional antibiotics. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22462. [PMID: 38045177 PMCID: PMC10689945 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to carry out antibacterial and phytochemical analyses on six selected medicinal plants that have been traditionally used by the local people to treat and control different diseases. The antibacterial activities of methanolic extracts of these plants were assessed using the Agar well diffusion and Microtiter broth dilution methods. The root extract of Andrachne aspera showed significantly (p < 0.05) highest mean zone of inhibition at concentrations of 100 mg/ml (33 ± 0.17) and 200 mg/ml (33.5 ± 0.84) against S. epidermidis. The second highest mean zone of inhibition (24.8 ± 0.41) was recorded by Dichrostachys cinerea leaf extract against S. epidermidis at 200 mg/ml concentration. The minimum inhibitory concentrations 1.0 ± 0.0 was recorded by Andrachne aspera against E. faecalis and 2.0 ± 0.0 against S. aureus by Dichrostachys cinerea. The preliminary phytochemical analysis showed that Andrachne aspera and Dichrostachys cinerea contained strong concentration of Polyphenols and Flavonoids. Therefore, these two medicinal plant species have promising potential for further detailed investigations, including safety tests, characterization and isolation of bioactive secondary metabolites for the development of alternative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaye Asfaw
- Department of Natural Resource Management, Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia
- Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - Ermias Lulekal
- Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - Tamrat Bekele
- Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - Asfaw Debella
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Traditional Medicine, Directorate, Ethiopia
| | - Asfaw Meresa
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Traditional Medicine, Directorate, Ethiopia
| | - Bihonegn Sisay
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Traditional Medicine, Directorate, Ethiopia
| | - Sileshi Degu
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Traditional Medicine, Directorate, Ethiopia
| | - Abiy Abebe
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Traditional Medicine, Directorate, Ethiopia
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10
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Hadi H, Louis H, Gber TE, Ogungbemiro FO. Molecular modeling of the structural, electronic, excited state dynamic, and the photovoltaic properties of the oligomers of n-corannulene (n = 1-4). Heliyon 2023; 9:e20706. [PMID: 37860554 PMCID: PMC10582301 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that n-corannulene oligomers (n = 1-4) have a variety of electronic and optical properties, including the ability to be tuned and the potential to be used as light-harvesting materials, there has not been a computational assessment of their structural, electronic, and optical properties. Herein, a computational evaluation of the concerned materials regarding their potent use in solar cell technology has been conducted via DFT/CAM-B3LYP and M062X/6-311+G level of theory. It was observed that the calculated 1st frequency of the n-Corannulene (n = 1-4) were 144.15, 106.36, 48.96 and 42.21 respectively. Notably, the computed cohesive energy value increased as the number of Corannulene units increases while the electronic characteristics revealed that the chemical activity of the structures increased as the number of oligomers rose. Both calculation techniques demonstrate that the number of n-Corannulene oligomers increases the HOMO energy while decreasing the LUMO energy based on the external electric field (EF) effect. The findings demonstrated that as EF intensity increases, the energy gap (Eg/eV = |EHOMO-ELUMO|) of these molecular systems decreases which can be attributed to a decrease in the electron transfer potential barrier. The 4-Corannulene systems showed the highest wave length of adsorption for the investigated compound at 546.18 nm, with the highest oscillator strength of 0.2708 and the lowest transition energy of 2.2700 eV, arising from S0-S1 (H-L) and the highest major percentage contribution of 93.34 % in comparison to the investigated compounds. We are hopeful that this research will help experimental researchers understand the potential of n-Corannulene, specifically 4-corannulene, as powerful material for a variety of applications ranging from solar cell, photovoltaic properties and many others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Hadi
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry group, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hitler Louis
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Terkumbur E. Gber
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Festus O. Ogungbemiro
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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11
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Dhivya LS, Kumaradoss KM. Synthesis of novel furan-based chalcone derivatives as anti-tuberculosis agents: in vitro, cytotoxicity assessment and in silico. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1687-1701. [PMID: 37732414 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study is to identify a novel furan-based chalcone derivative as potent inhibitor against the H37Rv strain. Materials & methods: The in silico pharmacokinetic characteristics, toxicity tests, molecular modeling, chemical synthesis and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC; IC50) were carried out to evaluate the antitubercular potential of the synthesized furan-based chalcone analogues against H37Rv. Results & conclusion: Among the ten target compounds synthesized, DF02, DF05 and DF07 had MIC values of 1.6 μg/ml equivalent to isoniazid and DF10 showed MIC values of 3.25 μg/ml which is equipotent to pyrazinamide. All the other compounds had optimal concentrations 6.25-100 μg/ml against the H37Rv strain. Compounds DF02 and DF10 were further evaluated for cytotoxicity assay performed using HeLa cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loganathan Sumathi Dhivya
- Dr APJ Kalam Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Kathiravan Muthu Kumaradoss
- Dr APJ Kalam Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
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12
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Batubara AS, Abdelazim AH, Gamal M, Almrasy AA, Ramzy S. Green fitted second derivative synchronous spectrofluorometric method for simultaneous determination of remdesivir and apixaban at Nano gram scale in the spiked human plasma. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 290:122265. [PMID: 36608515 PMCID: PMC9764756 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Remdesivir and apixaban have been included in the treatment guidelines of several countries for severe COVID-19 infections. To date, no analytical method has been developed for the determination of remdesivir and apixaban in plasma matrix. The main objective of this work was to develop a highly sensitive, green-adapted spectrofluorometric method for the determination of remdesivir and apixaban at the Nanoscale. Remdesivir and apixaban showed overlapping fluorescence emission spectra at 403 nm and 456 nm when excited at 246 nm and 285 nm, respectively. This overlap was resolved in two steps. The first step was synchronous fluorescence scanning of remdesivir and apixaban, and the second step was manipulation of the second-order derivative for the obtained spectra. These steps allowed complete resolution of the overlapping fluorescence spectra and selective determination of remdesivir and apixaban at 410 and 469 nm, respectively. The variables affecting the synchronous scanning of the aforementioned drugs were optimized in terms of sensitivity parameters and principles of green analytical chemistry. The described method allowed sensitive determination of remdesivir and apixaban over the concentration range of 5-200 ng/mL and 50-3000 ng/mL, respectively. The described method was validated and successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of the mentioned drugs in pure form and in spiked human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan S Batubara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed Gamal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Almrasy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Dataset on In-silico Evaluation of Anti-oxidant Molecules of Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. in Cerebral Ischemic Disease Using Molecular Docking Studies. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-023-00623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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14
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New highly efficient psyllium and sodium vinyl sulfonate-based adsorbent for Hg2+ ions. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-023-01149-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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15
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Abdelazim AH, Abourehab MAS, Abd Elhalim LM, Almrasy AA, Ramzy S. Green adherent spectrophotometric determination of molnupiravir based on computational calculations; application to a recently FDA-approved pharmaceutical dosage form. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 285:121911. [PMID: 36174404 PMCID: PMC9494866 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Molnupiravir is an oral antiviral drug developed to provide significant benefit in reducing hospitalizations or deaths in mild COVID-19. Integrated green computational spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of molnupiravir. Theoretical calculations were performed to predict the best coupling agent for efficient diazo coupling of molnupiravir. The binding energy between molnupiravir and various phenolic coupling agents, α-naphthol, β-naphthol, 8-hydroxyquinoline, resorcinol, and phloroglucinol, was measured using Gaussian 03 software based on the density functional theory method and the basis set B3LYP/6-31G(d). The results showed that the interaction between molnupiravir and 8-hydroxyquinoline was higher than that of other phenolic coupling agents. The method described was based on the formation of a red colored chromogen by the diazo coupling of molnupiravir with sodium nitrite in acidic medium to form a diazonium ion coupled with 8-hydroxyquinoline. The absorption spectra showed maximum sharp peaks at 515 nm. The reaction conditions were optimized. Beer's law was followed over the concentration range of 1-12 μg/ml molnupiravir. Job's continuous variation method was developed and the stoichiometric ratio of molnupiravir to 8-hydroxyquinoline was determined to be 1:1. The described method was successfully applied to the determination of molnupiravir in pure form and in pharmaceutical dosage form. The results showed that the proposed method has minimal environmental impact compared to previous HPLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Lobna M Abd Elhalim
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Central Administration of Drug Control, Egyptian Drug Authority, 51 Wezaret Al Zeraa Street, Agouza, Giza 12311, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Almrasy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Kumar M, Kumar V, Singh V, Thakral S. Synthesis, in silico studies and biological screening of (E)-2-(3-(substitutedstyryl)-5-(substitutedphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl)benzo[d]thiazole derivatives as an anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents. BMC Chem 2022; 16:103. [PMID: 36434662 PMCID: PMC9694607 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of (E)-2-(3-(substitutedstyryl)-5-(substitutedphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl)benzo[d]thiazole derivatives was synthesized and the chemical structures of synthesized compounds were deduced by IR and NMR spectral tools. These compounds were synthesized via aldol condensation reaction of substituted benzaldehydes and acetone in alkaline ethanolic solution and their in vitro anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities were investigated. All the synthesized compounds displayed anti-oxidant potential with IC50 values ranging from 0.13 to 8.43 µmol/ml. The compound Z13 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 value of 0.03 µmol/ml compared with the standard ibuprofen, which showed IC50 value of 0.11 µmol/ml. On the other hand, most of the compounds had a certain antibacterial potential particularly against P. aeruginosa and among these derivatives, compound Z2 exhibited the highest potential against P. aeruginosa with MIC value of 0.0069 µmol/ml. The analysis of docking results demonstrated the binding affinity and hydrogen bond, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions of all the synthesized compounds with their respective targets. In silico ADMET studies were carried out for the synthesized compounds and most of the compounds exhibited good ADMET profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- grid.411892.70000 0004 0500 4297Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001 Haryana India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- grid.411892.70000 0004 0500 4297Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001 Haryana India
| | - Vikramjeet Singh
- grid.411892.70000 0004 0500 4297Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001 Haryana India
| | - Samridhi Thakral
- grid.411892.70000 0004 0500 4297Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001 Haryana India
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17
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Mehmood H, Musa M, Woodward S, Hossan MS, Bradshaw TD, Haroon M, Nortcliffe A, Akhtar T. Design, and synthesis of selectively anticancer 4-cyanophenyl substituted thiazol-2-ylhydrazones. RSC Adv 2022; 12:34126-34141. [PMID: 36540407 PMCID: PMC9704493 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03226k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclization of substituted thiosemicarbazones with α-bromo-4-cyanoacetophenone allows rapid single-step sustainable syntheses of 4-cyanophenyl-2-hydrazinylthiazoles libraries (30 examples, 66-79%). All show anticancer efficacy against HCT-116 and MCF-7 carcinoma cell lines with the majority being more active than cisplatin positive controls. The compounds 2-(2-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylidene)hydrazinyl)-4-(4-cyanophenyl)thiazole (3f) and 2-(2-((pentafluorophenyl)methylene)-hydrazinyl)-4-(4-cyanophenyl)thiazole (3a') show optimal GI50 values (1.0 ± 0.1 μM and 1.7 ± 0.3 μM) against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Against colorectal carcinoma HCT-116 cells, (2-(2-(3-bromothiophen-2-yl)methylene)hydrazinyl)-4-(4-cyanophenyl)thiazole (3b'), 2-(2-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylidene)hydrazinyl)-4-(4-cyanophenyl)thiazole (3f), 2-(2-(2,6-dichlorobenzylidene)hydrazinyl)-4-(4-cyanophenyl)thiazole (3n) and 2-(2-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethylidene)hydrazinyl)-4-(4-cyanophenyl)thiazole (3w) are the most active (GI50 values: 1.6 ± 0.2, 1.6 ± 0.1, 1.1 ± 0.5 and 1.5 ± 0.8 μM respectively). Control studies with MRC-5 cells indicate appreciable selectivity towards the cancer cells targeted. Significant (p < 0.005) growth inhibition and cytotoxicity effects for the thiazoles 3 were corroborated by cell count and clonogenic assays using the same cancer cell lines at 5 and 10 μM agent concentrations. Cell cycle, caspase activation and Western blot assays demonstrated that compounds 3b' and 3f induce cancer cell death via caspase-dependent apoptosis. The combination of straight forward synthesis and high activity makes the thiazoles 3 an interesting lead for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnain Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST) 10250-Mirpur (AJK) Pakistan
| | - Mustapha Musa
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU UK
| | - Simon Woodward
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU UK
| | - Md Shahadat Hossan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Tracey D Bradshaw
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Muhammad Haroon
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST) 10250-Mirpur (AJK) Pakistan
| | - Andrew Nortcliffe
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Tashfeen Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST) 10250-Mirpur (AJK) Pakistan
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18
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Emami L, Sadeghian S, Mojaddami A, khabnadideh S, Sakhteman A, Sadeghpour H, Faghih Z, Fereidoonnezhad M, Rezaei Z. Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as promising anticancer agents. BMC Chem 2022; 16:91. [DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHerein, we reported the synthesis of nineteen novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives including 1,3-diphenyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) propan-1-ones (7a-e), 1-(1,3-diphenylpropan-2-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (8a-c) and 1,4-diphenyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) butane-1,4-diones (10a-k). The structures of these derivatives were confirmed by spectroscopic techniques like IR, 1H-NMR, Mass spectroscopy and Elemental analysis. The cytotoxic activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against three human cancer cell lines including MCF-7, Hela and A549 using MTT assay. Compounds 7d, 7e, 10a and 10d showed a promising cytotoxic activity lower than 12 μM against Hela cell line. The safety of these compounds was also, evaluated on MRC-5 as a normal cell line and relieved that most of the synthesized compounds have proper selectivity against normal and cytotoxic cancerous cell lines. Finally, molecular docking studies were also, done to understand the mechanism and binding modes of these derivatives in the binding pocket of aromatase enzyme as a possible target.
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19
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Onyango H, Odhiambo P, Angwenyi D, Okoth P. In Silico Identification of New Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (M pro) Molecules with Pharmacokinetic Properties from Natural Sources Using Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulations and Hierarchical Virtual Screening. J Trop Med 2022; 2022:3697498. [PMID: 36263438 PMCID: PMC9576439 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3697498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious agents such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 have emerged in recent years causing epidemics with high mortality rates. The quick development of novel therapeutic compounds is required in the fight against such pathogenic agents. Unfortunately, the traditional drug development methods are time-consuming and expensive. In this study, computational algorithms were utilized for virtual screening of a library of natural compounds in the ZINC database for their affinity towards SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Compounds such as cinanserin, nelfinavir, baicalin, baicalein, candesartan cilexetil, chloroquine, dipyridamole, and hydroxychloroquine have the ability to prevent SARS-CoV-2 Mpro from facilitating COVID 19 infection; thus, they treat COVID 19. However, these drugs majorly act to reduce the symptoms of the disease. No anti-viral drug against COVID 19 virus infection has been discovered and approved. Therefore, this study sought to explore natural inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro to develop a pharmacophore model for virtual screening of natural compounds in the ZINC database as potential candidates for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors and as therapeutic molecules against COVID 19. This study undertook in silico methods to identify the best anti-viral candidates targeting SAR-CoV-2 Mpro from natural sources in the ZINC database. Initially, reported anti-SARS-CoV-2 Mpro molecules were integrated into designing a pharmacophore model utilizing PharmaGist. Later, the pharmacophore model was loaded into ZINCPHARMER and screened against the ZINC database to identify new probable drug candidates. The root means square deviation (RMSD) values of the potential drug candidates informed the selection of some of them, which were docked with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro to comprehend their interactions. From the molecular docking results, the top four candidates (ZINC000254823011, ZINC000072307130, ZINC000013627512, and ZINC000009418994) against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, with binding energies ranging from -8.2 kcal/mol to -8.6 kcal/mol, were examined for their oral bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic properties. Consequently, ZINC000072307130 emerged as the only orally bioavailable drug candidate with desirable pharmacokinetic properties. This candidate drug was used to perform MD simulations, and the outcomes revealed that ZINC000072307130 formed a stable complex with the viral main protease. Consequently, ZINC000072307130 emerges as a potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor for the production of new COVID 19 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Onyango
- Department of Biological Sciences (Molecular Biology, Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Section), School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P. O BOX 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya
| | - Patrick Odhiambo
- Department of Biological Sciences (Molecular Biology, Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Section), School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P. O BOX 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya
| | - David Angwenyi
- Department of Mathematics, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P. O BOX 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya
| | - Patrick Okoth
- Department of Biological Sciences (Molecular Biology, Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Section), School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P. O BOX 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya
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Tople MS, Patel NB, Patel PP, Purohit AC, Ahmad I, Patel H. An in silico-in vitro antimalarial and antimicrobial investigation of newer 7- Chloroquinoline based Schiff-bases. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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