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Alnemari RM, Abdelazim AH, Almalki AH, Alqahtani AS, Alaqel SI, Alsulami FT, Serag A. Application of signal processing techniques for the spectroscopic analysis of dolutegravir and lamivudine: a comparative assessment and greenness appraisal. BMC Chem 2024; 18:129. [PMID: 38978116 PMCID: PMC11232167 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV treatment has greatly improved over the years, with the introduction of antiretroviral drugs that target the virus and suppress its replication. Dolutegravir and lamivudine are two such antiretroviral drugs that are commonly used in HIV treatment regimens. Herein, three spectrophotometric methods manipulating ratio spectra were developed for the simultaneous analysis of dolutegravir and lamivudine in their binary mixtures. These methods include mathematical processing stages like ratio difference method or signal processing approaches such as the first derivative of the ratio spectra, and continuous wavelet transform. The developed spectrophotometric methods exploit the characteristic spectral differences between dolutegravir and lamivudine in order to quantify them simultaneously. These methods have shown promising results in terms of sensitivity and selectivity as validated per the ICH guidelines. Moreover, these methods offer a straightforward and economical alternative to more intricate analytical methodologies like high-performance liquid chromatography. By incorporating the analytical eco-scale and AGREE for greenness evaluation of the proposed methods, we can further ensure that these techniques are effective and environmentally friendly, aligning with the principles of green chemistry. This evaluation will provide a comprehensive understanding of the environmental friendliness of these spectrophotometric methods in pharmaceutical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem M Alnemari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
| | - Atiah H Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Health Science Campus, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa S Alqahtani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box, 90950, Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh I Alaqel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad T Alsulami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Serag
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt.
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Alqahtani A, Alqahtani T, Ramzy S. Utilization of absorbance subtraction and ratio difference green spectrophotometric methods for the quantification of alfuzosin hydrochloride and tadalafil in their binary mixture. BMC Chem 2024; 18:96. [PMID: 38725069 PMCID: PMC11080132 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alfuzosin hydrochloride and tadalafil fixed-dose combination tablets were recently formulated for the treatment of individuals with lower urinary tract symptoms caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia. Herein, the first spectrophotometric methods for quantitative analysis of alfuzosin hydrochloride and tadalafil in their binary mixture were established. The spectral overlapping of alfuzosin hydrochloride and tadalafil made direct simultaneous analysis unfeasible. Therefore, two mathematical methods were used to solve these overlapping spectra: absorbance subtraction and ratio difference. The absorbance subtraction method manipulates the zero absorption spectra of the studied drugs at the isoabsorptive point (272 nm) and uses the absorbance factor of pure ALF to calculate the absorbance of the studied drugs in the mixture at the isoabsorptive point. The ratio spectra method, on the other hand, manipulates the ratio spectra of the studied drugs, which are obtained by dividing each drug's zero absorption spectra by a divisor spectrum from the second drug. The ratio amplitude difference between 251 nm and 211 nm was directly proportional to alfuzosin hydrochloride, whereas between 292 nm and 222 nm it was directly proportional to tadalafil. The methods used were verified in accordance with the recommendations of the ICH and demonstrated adequate linear regression in working ranges of 1-15 µg/mL for alfuzosin hydrochloride and 3-40 µg/mL for tadalafil. The methods were accurate, precise, and selectively employed to quantify alfuzosin hydrochloride and tadalafil in their combined tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt.
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Derayea SM, Badr El-Din KM, Ahmed AS, Abdelshakour MA, Oraby M. An eco-friendly one-pot spectrofluorimetric approach for the facile determination of overactive bladder drug, tolterodine: Application to dosage forms and biological fluids. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 311:123986. [PMID: 38335587 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Tolterodine tartrate (TTD) was the first antimuscarinic medication developed exclusively for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome and was approved by the FDA in 1998. As a result of the drug's extensive utilization within the local community following its authorization, there is a pressing need to develop and validate a spectrofluorometric method that is economically efficient, easily reproducible, environmentally sustainable, and possesses high sensitivity. The developed approach relies on enhancing the fluorescence intensity of TTD to reach a level 720 % higher than its initial value, achieved through the application of an aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution. A strong correlation was observed with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998 between the concentration of TTD and the fluorescence intensity within the range of 25.0-500.0 ng mL-1. This approach could be employed to quantify TTD in its pure form and to examine pharmaceutical tablets for the purposes of verifying uniform content. Additionally, it was utilized for the evaluation of TTD concentrations in spiked human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed M Derayea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Khalid M Badr El-Din
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Abdelshakour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Oraby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
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