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Li M, Ni Z, Li Z, Yin Y, Liu J, Wu D, Sun Z, Wang L. Research progress on biosynthesis of erythritol and multi-dimensional optimization of production strategies. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:240. [PMID: 38867081 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Erythritol, as a new type of natural sweetener, has been widely used in food, medical, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and other fields due to its unique physical and chemical properties and physiological functions. In recent years, with the continuous development of strategies such as synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, omics-based systems biology and high-throughput screening technology, people's understanding of the erythritol biosynthesis pathway has gradually deepened, and microbial cell factories with independent modification capabilities have been successfully constructed. In this review, the cheap feedstocks for erythritol synthesis are introduced in detail, the environmental factors affecting the synthesis of erythritol and its regulatory mechanism are described, and the tools and strategies of metabolic engineering involved in erythritol synthesis are summarized. In addition, the study of erythritol derivatives is helpful in expanding its application field. Finally, the challenges that hinder the effective production of erythritol are discussed, which lay a foundation for the green, efficient and sustainable production of erythritol in the future and breaking through the bottleneck of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- School of Biological Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zifu Ni
- School of Biological Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Zhongzeng Li
- School of Biological Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yanli Yin
- School of Biological Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jianguang Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Dapeng Wu
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453001, China
| | - Zhongke Sun
- School of Biological Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Le Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Rywińska A, Tomaszewska-Hetman L, Lazar Z, Juszczyk P, Sałata P, Malek K, Kawecki A, Rymowicz W. Application of New Yarrowia lipolytica Transformants in Production of Citrates and Erythritol from Glycerol. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1475. [PMID: 38338753 PMCID: PMC10855631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Citric acid and erythritol are obtained on an industrial scale using biotechnological methods. Due to the growing market demand for these products, research is underway to improve the process economics by introducing new microorganisms, in particular of the species Yarrowia lipolytica. The aim of this study was to evaluate transformants of Y. lipolytica for growth and ability to overproduce citric acids and erythritol from glycerol. The transformants were constructed by overexpressing glycerol kinase, methylcitrate synthase and mitochondrial succinate-fumarate transporter in the mutant Wratislavia 1.31. Next, strains were assessed for biosynthesis of citrate (pH 5.5; nitrogen limitation) and erythritol (pH 3.0; high osmotic pressure) from glycerol. Regardless of culture conditions strains, 1.31.GUT1/6 and 1.31.GUT1/6.CIT1/3 exhibited high rates of substrate utilization. Under conditions favoring citrate biosynthesis, both strains produced several percent more citrates, accompanied by higher erythritol production compared to the parental strain. During erythritol biosynthesis, the strain 1.31.GUT1/6.CIT1/3.E34672g obtained as a result of co-expression of all three genes stood out, producing 84.0 g/L of erythritol with yield and productivity of 0.54 g/g and 0.72 g/Lh, respectively, which places it in the group of the highest-ranked producers of erythritol among Y. lipolytica species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ludwika Tomaszewska-Hetman
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Str. 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.R.); (Z.L.); (P.J.); (P.S.); (A.K.); (W.R.)
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Luo Z, Shi JT, Chen XL, Chen J, Liu F, Wei LJ, Hua Q. Iterative gene integration mediated by 26S rDNA and non-homologous end joining for the efficient production of lycopene in Yarrowia lipolytica. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:83. [PMID: 38647953 PMCID: PMC10992032 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Because of its potent antioxidant effects, lycopene has been used in various industries including, but not limited to, food, medical, and cosmetic industries. Yarrowia lipolytica, a non-conventional yeast species, is a promising chassis due to its natural mevalonate (MVA) pathway, abundant precursor acetyl coenzyme A content, and oleaginous properties. Several gene editing tools have been developed for Y. lipolytica along with engineering strategies for tetraterpenoid production. In this study, we engineered Y. lipolytica following multi-level strategies for efficient lycopene accumulation. We first evaluated the performance of the key lycopene biosynthetic genes crtE, crtB, and crtI, expressed via ribosomal DNA (rDNA) mediated multicopy random integration in the HMG1- and GGS1-overexpressing background strain. Further improvement in lycopene production was achieved by overexpressing the key genes for MVA synthesis via non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) mediated multi-round iterative transformation. Efficient strategies in the MVA and lipid synthesis pathways were combined to improve lycopene production with a yield of 430.5 mg/L. This strain produced 121 mg/g dry cell weight of lycopene in a 5-L fed-batch fermentation system. Our findings demonstrated iterative gene integration mediated by 26S rDNA and NHEJ for the efficient production of lycopene in Y. lipolytica. These strategies can be applied to induce Y. lipolytica to produce other tetraterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Ting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu-Jing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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4
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Yang W, Zhao X, Han M, Li Y, Tian Y, Rong Z, Zhang J. Recent advances in biosynthesis mechanisms and yield enhancement strategies of erythritol. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37791716 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2260869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Erythritol is a four-carbon sugar alcohol naturally produced by microorganisms as an osmoprotectant. As a new sugar substitute, erythritol has recently been popular on the ingredient market because of its unique nutritional characteristics. Even though the history of erythritol biosynthesis dates from the turn of the twentieth century, scientific advancement has lagged behind other polyols due to the relative complexity of making it. In recent years, biosynthetic methods for erythritol have been rapidly developed due to an increase in market demand, a better understanding of metabolic pathways, and the rapid development of genetic engineering tools. This paper reviews the history of industrial strain development and focuses on the underlying mechanism of high erythritol production by strains gained through screening or mutagenesis. Meanwhile, we highlight the metabolic pathway knowledge of erythritol biosynthesis in microorganisms and summarize the metabolic engineering and research progress on critical genes involved in different stages of the synthetic pathway. Lastly, we talk about the still-contentious issues and promising future research directions that will help break the erythritol production bottleneck and make erythritol production greener and more sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xiangying Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Mo Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yanjun Tian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Zhangbo Rong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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Li J, Li H, Liu H, Luo Y. Recent Advances in the Biosynthesis of Natural Sugar Substitutes in Yeast. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:907. [PMID: 37755015 PMCID: PMC10533046 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural sugar substitutes are safe, stable, and nearly calorie-free. Thus, they are gradually replacing the traditional high-calorie and artificial sweeteners in the food industry. Currently, the majority of natural sugar substitutes are extracted from plants, which often requires high levels of energy and causes environmental pollution. Recently, biosynthesis via engineered microbial cell factories has emerged as a green alternative for producing natural sugar substitutes. In this review, recent advances in the biosynthesis of natural sugar substitutes in yeasts are summarized. The metabolic engineering approaches reported for the biosynthesis of oligosaccharides, sugar alcohols, glycosides, and rare monosaccharides in various yeast strains are described. Meanwhile, some unresolved challenges in the bioproduction of natural sugar substitutes in yeast are discussed to offer guidance for future engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Honghao Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Huayi Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Yunzi Luo
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.L.)
- Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute, Tianjin University, Tangxing Road 133, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518071, China
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Rzechonek DA, Szczepańczyk M, Mirończuk AM. Mutation in yl-HOG1 represses the filament-to-yeast transition in the dimorphic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:155. [PMID: 37582747 PMCID: PMC10428635 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yarrowia lipolytica is a dimorphic fungus, which switches from yeast to filament form in response to environmental conditions. For industrial purposes it is important to lock cells in the yeast or filamentous form depending on the fermentation process. yl-Hog1 kinase is a key component of the HOG signaling pathway, responsible for activating the osmotic stress response. Additionally, deletion of yl-Hog1 leads to increased filamentation in Yarrowia lipolytica, but causes significant sensitivity to osmotic stress induced by a high concentration of a carbon source. RESULTS In this study, we tested the effect of point mutations on the function of yl-Hog1 protein kinase. The targets of modification were the phosphorylation sites (T171A-Y173A) and the active center (K49R). Introduction of the variant HOG1-49 into the hog1∆ strain partially improved growth under osmotic stress, but did not recover the yeast-like shape of the cells. The HOG1-171/173 variant was not functional, and its introduction further weakened the growth of hog1∆ strains in hyperosmotic conditions. To verify a genetic modification in filament form, we developed a new system based on green fluorescent protein (GFP) for easier screening of proper mutants. CONCLUSIONS These results provide new insights into the functions of yl-Hog1 protein in dimorphic transition and constitute a good starting point for further genetic modification of Y. lipolytica in filament form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota A Rzechonek
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Szczepańczyk
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra M Mirończuk
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
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Huang LG, Xiao BW, Wang WJ, Nian L, Wang HY, Yang WL, Zhou JP, Zhang B, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Multiplex modification of Yarrowia lipolytica for enhanced erythritol biosynthesis from glycerol through modularized metabolic engineering. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023:10.1007/s00449-023-02906-0. [PMID: 37468580 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02906-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Erythritol is a novelty 4-carbon sugar polyol and has great potential to be used as the precursor of some platform chemicals. The increasing cost of glucose poses researchers shifting insights to the cheaper biodiesel raw materials. Herein, we engineered a non-degradation, non-byproducts Yarrowia lipolytica for the erythritol production with high-titer from glycerol. Initially, the degradation and competition modules were blocked by URA3 counter-selection marker. Subsequently, a shortened biosynthetic pathway was explored to elevate its synthetic flux by multi-modules combination expression of functional genes. Furthermore, a screened glycerol transporter ScFPS1 was integrated into ERY6 genome to promote the glycerol uptake. The constructed strain ERY8 produced 176.66 g/L erythritol in the 5-L bioreactor with a yield and productivity of 0.631 g/g and 1.23 g/L/h, respectively, which achieved the highest fermentation production efficiency till date. This study proposed a novel multi-modules combination strategy for effectively engineering Y. lipolytica to produce erythritol using glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Gang Huang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Wen Xiao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jia Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Nian
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Kaihua, 324302, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu-Long Yang
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Kaihua, 324302, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ping Zhou
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
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8
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Szczepańczyk M, Rzechonek DA, Neuvéglise C, Mirończuk AM. In-depth analysis of erythrose reductase homologs in Yarrowia lipolytica. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9129. [PMID: 37277427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The unconventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica produces erythritol as an osmoprotectant to adapt to osmotic stress. In this study, the array of putative erythrose reductases, responsible for the conversion of d-erythrose to erythritol, was analyzed. Single knockout and multiple knockout strains were tested for their ability to produce polyols in osmotic stress conditions. Lack of six of the reductase genes does not affect erythritol significantly, as the production of this polyol is comparable to the control strain. Deletion of eight of the homologous erythrose reductase genes resulted in a 91% decrease in erythritol synthesis, a 53% increase in mannitol synthesis, and an almost 8-fold increase in arabitol synthesis as compared to the control strain. Additionally, the utilization of glycerol was impaired in the media with induced higher osmotic pressure. The results of this research may shed new light on the production of arabitol and mannitol from glycerol by Y. lipolytica and help to develop strategies for further modification in polyol pathways in these microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Szczepańczyk
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 5B Kozuchowska St., 51-631, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota A Rzechonek
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 5B Kozuchowska St., 51-631, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Cécile Neuvéglise
- INRAE, Institut Agro, SPO, University Montpellier, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Aleksandra M Mirończuk
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 5B Kozuchowska St., 51-631, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Liang P, Cao M, Li J, Wang Q, Dai Z. Expanding sugar alcohol industry: Microbial production of sugar alcohols and associated chemocatalytic derivatives. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108105. [PMID: 36736865 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sugar alcohols are polyols that are widely employed in the production of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food products. Chemical synthesis of polyols, however, is complex and necessitates the use of hazardous compounds. Therefore, the use of microbes to produce polyols has been proposed as an alternative to traditional synthesis strategies. Many biotechnological approaches have been described to enhancing sugar alcohols production and microbe-mediated sugar alcohol production has the potential to benefit from the availability of inexpensive substrate inputs. Among of them, microbe-mediated erythritol production has been implemented in an industrial scale, but microbial growth and substrate conversion rates are often limited by harsh environmental conditions. In this review, we focused on xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol, and erythritol, the four representative sugar alcohols. The main metabolic engineering strategies, such as regulation of key genes and cofactor balancing, for improving the production of these sugar alcohols were reviewed. The feasible strategies to enhance the stress tolerance of chassis cells, especially thermotolerance, were also summarized. Different low-cost substrates like glycerol, molasses, cellulose hydrolysate, and CO2 employed for producing these sugar alcohols were presented. Given the value of polyols as precursor platform chemicals that can be leveraged to produce a diverse array of chemical products, we not only discuss the challenges encountered in the above parts, but also envisioned the development of their derivatives for broadening the application of sugar alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Liang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Mingfeng Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jing Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qinhong Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Zongjie Dai
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China.
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10
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Theodosiou E. Engineering Strategies for Efficient Bioconversion of Glycerol to Value-Added Products by Yarrowia lipolytica. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13040657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica has been a valuable biotechnological workhorse for the production of commercially important biochemicals for over 70 years. The knowledge gained so far on the native biosynthetic pathways, as well as the availability of numerous systems and synthetic biology tools, enabled not only the regulation and the redesign of the existing metabolic pathways, but also the introduction of novel synthetic ones; further consolidating the position of the yeast in industrial biotechnology. However, for the development of competitive and sustainable biotechnological production processes, bioengineering should be reinforced by bioprocess optimization strategies. Although there are many published reviews on the bioconversion of various carbon sources to value-added products by Yarrowia lipolytica, fewer works have focused on reviewing up-to-date strain, medium, and process engineering strategies with an aim to emphasize the significance of integrated engineering approaches. The ultimate goal of this work is to summarize the necessary knowledge and inspire novel routes to manipulate at a systems level the yeast biosynthetic machineries by combining strain and bioprocess engineering. Due to the increasing surplus of biodiesel-derived waste glycerol and the favored glycerol-utilization metabolic pathways of Y. lipolytica over other carbon sources, the present review focuses on pure and crude glycerol-based biomanufacturing.
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11
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Recent advances and perspectives on production of value-added organic acids through metabolic engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 62:108076. [PMID: 36509246 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organic acids are important consumable materials with a wide range of applications in the food, biopolymer and chemical industries. The global consumer organic acids market is estimated to increase to $36.86 billion by 2026. Conventionally, organic acids are produced from the chemical catalysis process with petrochemicals as raw materials, which posts severe environmental concerns and conflicts with our sustainable development goals. Most of the commonly used organic acids can be produced from various organisms. As a state-of-the-art technology, large-scale fermentative production of important organic acids with genetically-modified microbes has become an alternative to the chemical route to meet the market demand. Despite the fact that bio-based organic acid production from renewable cheap feedstock provides a viable solution, low productivity has impeded their industrial-scale application. With our deeper understanding of strain genetics, physiology and the availability of strain engineering tools, new technologies including synthetic biology, various metabolic engineering strategies, omics-based system biology tools, and high throughput screening methods are gradually established to bridge our knowledge gap. And they were further applied to modify the cellular reaction networks of potential microbial hosts and improve the strain performance, which facilitated the commercialization of consumable organic acids. Here we present the recent advances of metabolic engineering strategies to improve the production of important organic acids including fumaric acid, citric acid, itaconic acid, adipic acid, muconic acid, and we also discuss the current challenges and future perspectives on how we can develop a cost-efficient, green and sustainable process to produce these important chemicals from low-cost feedstocks.
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12
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Yang S, Pan X, Wang Q, Lv Q, Zhang X, Zhang R, Rao Z. Enhancing erythritol production from crude glycerol in a wild-type Yarrowia lipolytica by metabolic engineering. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1054243. [PMID: 36478868 PMCID: PMC9720325 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1054243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Erythritol is a zero-calorie sweetener that is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and medical industries. Crude glycerol is the main by-product of biodiesel, and the effective utilization of crude glycerol will help to improve biodiesel viability. Previous studies on the production of erythritol from Y. lipolytica using crude glycerol as a carbon source have focused on optimizing the fermentation process of the mutant Y. lipolytica Wratislavia K1, while metabolic engineering has not been successfully applied. Results: To this end, we engineered the yeast Y. lipolytica to increase the productivity of this strain. Wild strains tolerant to high concentrations of crude glycerol were screened and identified. A series of rational metabolic approaches were employed to improve erythritol production. Among them, the engineered strain Y-04, obtained by tandem overexpression of GUT1 and GUT2, significantly increased glycerol assimilation by 33.3%, which was consistent with the results of RT-qPCR analysis. The effects of tandem overexpression of GUT1, GUT2, TKL1, and TAL1 on erythritol synthesis were also evaluated. The best results were obtained using a mutant that overexpressed GUT1, GUT2, and TKL1 and knocked out EYD1. The final Y-11 strain produced 150 g/l erythritol in a 5-L bioreactor with a yield and productivity of 0.62 g/g and 1.25 g/l/h, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest erythritol yield and productivity from crude glycerol ever reported in Y. lipolytica. Conclusion: This work demonstrated that overexpression of GUT1, GUT2, and TKL1 and knockdown of EYD1 could be used to improve crude glycerol utilization and erythritol synthesis in Y. lipolytica. The process parameters such as erythritol yield and productivity were significantly elevated, which is valuable for industrial applications. Crude glycerol, as a carbon source, could efficiently restrict the synthesis of by-products while enhancing the generation of erythritol, compared to glucose. This indicates considerable potential for synthesizing value-added products from crude glycerol by Y. lipolytica.
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13
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Khatape AB, Dastager SG, Rangaswamy V. An overview of erythritol production by yeast strains. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6819949. [PMID: 36354105 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythritol is a 4-carbon polyol produced with the aid of microbes in presence of hyper-osmotic stress. It is the most effective sugar alcohol that is produced predominantly by fermentation. In comparison to various polyols, it has many precise functions and is used as a flavor enhancer, sequestrant, humectant, nutritive sweetener, stabilizer, formulation aid, thickener, and a texturizer. Erythritol production is a common trait in a number of the yeast genera viz., Trigonopsis, Candida, Pichia, Moniliella, Yarrowia, Pseudozyma, Trichosporonoides, Aureobasidium, and Trichoderma. Extensive work has been carried out on the biological production of erythritol through Yarrowia, Moniliella, Candida, and other yeast strains, and numerous strategies used to improve erythritol productivity through mutagenesis and genetic engineering are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil B Khatape
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India.,NCIM-Resource Center, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India.,High Value Chemicals group, Reliance Industries Limited, Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai 400701, India
| | - Syed G Dastager
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India.,NCIM-Resource Center, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
| | - Vidhya Rangaswamy
- High Value Chemicals group, Reliance Industries Limited, Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai 400701, India
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14
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Engineering thermotolerant Yarrowia lipolytica for sustainable biosynthesis of mannitol and fructooligosaccharides. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Xu Y, Wu Y, Liu Y, Li J, Du G, Chen J, Lv X, Liu L. Sustainable bioproduction of natural sugar substitutes: Strategies and challenges. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Rakicka-Pustułka M, Ziuzia P, Pierwoła J, Szymański K, Wróbel-Kwiatkowska M, Lazar Z. The microbial production of kynurenic acid using Yarrowia lipolytica yeast growing on crude glycerol and soybean molasses. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:936137. [PMID: 36061425 PMCID: PMC9428254 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.936137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica yeast are able to produce kynurenic acid—a very valuable compound acting as a neuroprotective and antioxidant agent in humans. The recent data proved the existence of the kynurenine biosynthesis pathway in this yeast cells. Due to this fact, the aim of this work was to enhance kynurenic acid production using crude glycerol and soybean molasses as cheap and renewable carbon and nitrogen sources. The obtained results showed that Y. lipolytica GUT1 mutants are able to produce kynurenic acid in higher concentrations (from 4.5 mg dm−3 to 14.1 mg dm−3) than the parental strain (3.6 mg dm−3) in the supernatant in a medium with crude glycerol. Moreover, the addition of soybean molasses increased kynurenic acid production by using wild type and transformant strains. The A-101.1.31 GUT1/1 mutant strain produced 17.7 mg dm−3 of kynurenic acid in the supernatant during 150 h of the process and 576.7 mg kg−1 of kynurenic acid in dry yeast biomass. The presented work proves the great potential of microbial kynurenic acid production using waste feedstock. Yeast biomass obtained in this work is rich in protein, with a low content of lipid, and can be a healthy ingredient of animal and human diet.
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17
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Zhu HZ, Jiang S, Wu JJ, Zhou XR, Liu PY, Huang FH, Wan X. Production of High Levels of 3 S,3' S-Astaxanthin in Yarrowia lipolytica via Iterative Metabolic Engineering. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2673-2683. [PMID: 35191700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a highly value-added keto-carotenoid compound. The astaxanthin 3S,3'S-isomer is more desirable for food additives, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals due to health concerns about chemically synthesized counterparts with a mixture of three isomers. Biosynthesis of 3S,3'S-astaxanthin suffers from limited content and productivity. We engineered Yarrowia lipolytica to produce high levels of 3S,3'S-astaxanthin. We first assessed various β-carotene ketolases (CrtW) and β-carotene hydroxylases (CrtZ) from two algae and a plant. HpCrtW and HpCrtZ from Haematococcus pluvialis exhibited the strongest activity in converting β-carotene into astaxanthin in Y. lipolytica. We then fine-tuned the HpCrtW and HpCrtZ transcriptional expression by increasing the rounds of gene integration into the genome and applied a modular enzyme assembly of HpCrtW and HpCrtZ simultaneously. Next, we rescued leucine biosynthesis in the engineered Y. lipolytica, leading to a five-fold increase in biomass. The astaxanthin production achieved from these strategies was 3.3 g/L or 41.3 mg/g dry cell weight under fed-batch conditions, which is the highest level reported in microbial chassis to date. This study provides the potential for industrial production of 3S,3'S-astaxanthin, and this strategy empowers us to build a sustainable biorefinery platform for generating other value-added carotenoids in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Zhi Zhu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | | | - Peng-Yang Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Feng-Hong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xia Wan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
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18
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Szczepańczyk M, Rzechonek DA, Dobrowolski A, Mirończuk AM. The Overexpression of YALI0B07117g Results in Enhanced Erythritol Synthesis from Glycerol by the Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247549. [PMID: 34946639 PMCID: PMC8705655 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The unconventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is used to produce erythritol from glycerol. In this study, the role of the erythrose reductase (ER) homolog YALI0B07117g in erythritol synthesis was analyzed. The deletion of the gene resulted in an increased production of mannitol (308%) and arabitol (204%) before the utilization of these polyols began. The strain overexpressing the YALI0B07117g gene was used to increase the erythritol yield from glycerol as a sole carbon source in batch cultures, resulting in a yield of 0.4 g/g. The specific consumption rate (qs) increased from 5.83 g/g/L for the WT strain to 8.49 g/g/L for the modified strain and the productivity of erythritol increased from 0.28 g/(L h) for the A101 strain to 0.41 g/(L h) for the modified strain. The application of the research may prove positive for shortening the cultivation time due to the increased rate of consumption of the substrate combined with the increased parameters of erythritol synthesis.
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19
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Yang L, Kong W, Yang W, Li D, Zhao S, Wu Y, Zheng S. High D-arabitol production with osmotic pressure control fed-batch fermentation by Yarrowia lipolytica and proteomic analysis under nitrogen source perturbation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 152:109936. [PMID: 34715526 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
D-arabitol, a five-carbon sugar alcohol, is widely used in food and pharmacy industry as a lower calorie sweetener or intermediate. Appropriate osmotic pressure was confirmed to facilitate polyol production by an osmophilic yeast strain of Yarrowia lipolytica with glycerol. In this study, an osmotic pressure control fed-batch fermentation strategy was used for high D-arabitol producing by Y. lipolytica ARA9 with crude glycerol. Glycerol was added to the broth quantitatively not only as a substrate but also as an osmotic agent. Meanwhile, NH3·H2O was fed as a nitrogen source and pH regulator. The maximum D-arabitol production reached 118.5 g/L at 108 h with the yield of 0.49 g/g and productivity of 1.10 g/L/h, respectively. Furthermore, a comparative proteomic analysis was used to study the cellular responses under excess and deficient nitrogen sources. Thirty-one differentially expressed protein spots belonging to seven different biological processes were identified. Excess nitrogen source enhanced gluconeogenesis and pentose phosphate pathways, both of which were involved in arabitol synthesis. In addition, cell growth was facilitated by increased expression of nucleotide and structural proteins. Enhanced energy and NADPH biosynthesis were employed to create a reductive environment and quell reactive oxygen species, improving D-arabitol production. Nitrogen deficiency resulted in cell rescue and stress response mechanisms such as reactive oxygen species elimination and heat shock protein response. The identified differentially expressed proteins provide information to reveal the mechanisms of the cellular responses under nitrogen source perturbation, and also provide guidance to improve D-arabitol production in metabolic engineering or process optimization methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiBo Yang
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056038, China
| | - Wei Kong
- The First Department of General Surgery, Handan Central Hospital, 59 Congtai North Road, Handan, Hebei 056002, China
| | - Weina Yang
- Handan Blood Center, 18 Dongliu West Road, Handan, Hebei 056001, China
| | - Danpeng Li
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056038, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056038, China
| | - Yucui Wu
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056038, China
| | - Suyue Zheng
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056038, China.
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20
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Jagtap SS, Bedekar AA, Singh V, Jin YS, Rao CV. Metabolic engineering of the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica PO1f for production of erythritol from glycerol. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:188. [PMID: 34563235 PMCID: PMC8466642 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar alcohols are widely used as low-calorie sweeteners in the food and pharmaceutical industries. They can also be transformed into platform chemicals. Yarrowia lipolytica, an oleaginous yeast, is a promising host for producing many sugar alcohols. In this work, we tested whether heterologous expression of a recently identified sugar alcohol phosphatase (PYP) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae would increase sugar alcohol production in Y. lipolytica. RESULTS Y. lipolytica was found natively to produce erythritol, mannitol, and arabitol during growth on glucose, fructose, mannose, and glycerol. Osmotic stress is known to increase sugar alcohol production, and was found to significantly increase erythritol production during growth on glycerol. To better understand erythritol production from glycerol, since it was the most promising sugar alcohol, we measured the expression of key genes and intracellular metabolites. Osmotic stress increased the expression of several key genes in the glycerol catabolic pathway and the pentose phosphate pathway. Analysis of intracellular metabolites revealed that amino acids, sugar alcohols, and polyamines are produced at higher levels in response to osmotic stress. Heterologous overexpression of the sugar alcohol phosphatase increased erythritol production and glycerol utilization in Y. lipolytica. We further increased erythritol production by increasing the expression of native glycerol kinase (GK), and transketolase (TKL). This strain was able to produce 27.5 ± 0.7 g/L erythritol from glycerol during batch growth and 58.8 ± 1.68 g/L erythritol during fed-batch growth in shake-flasks experiments. In addition, the glycerol utilization was increased by 2.5-fold. We were also able to demonstrate that this strain efficiently produces erythritol from crude glycerol, a major byproduct of the biodiesel production. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the application of a promising enzyme for increasing erythritol production in Y. lipolytica. We were further able to boost production by combining the expression of this enzyme with other approaches known to increase erythritol production in Y. lipolytica. This suggest that this new enzyme provides an orthogonal route for boosting production and can be stacked with existing designs known to increase sugar alcohol production in yeast such as Y. lipolytica. Collectively, this work establishes a new route for increasing sugar alcohol production and further develops Y. lipolytica as a promising host for erythritol production from cheap substrates such as glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Sadashiv Jagtap
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ashwini Ashok Bedekar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Vijay Singh
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Christopher V Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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21
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Zhang G, Wang H, Zhang Z, Verstrepen KJ, Wang Q, Dai Z. Metabolic engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica for terpenoids production: advances and perspectives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:618-633. [PMID: 34325575 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1947183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids are a large family of natural products with diversified structures and functions that are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and agricultural fields. However, the traditional methods of terpenoids production such as plant extraction and chemical synthesis are inefficient due to the complex processes, high energy consumption, and low yields. With progress in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, microbial cell factories provide an interesting alternative for the sustainable production of terpenoids. The non-conventional yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica, is a promising host for terpenoid biosynthesis due to its inherent mevalonate pathway, high fluxes of acetyl-CoA and NADPH, and the naturally hydrophobic microenvironment. In this review, we highlight progress in the engineering of Y. lipolytica as terpenoid biomanufacturing factories, describing the different terpenoid biosynthetic pathways and summarizing various metabolic engineering strategies, including progress in genetic manipulation, dynamic regulation, organelle engineering, and terpene synthase variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,TIB-VIB Joint Center of Synthetic Biology, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kevin J Verstrepen
- TIB-VIB Joint Center of Synthetic Biology, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China.,VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology and KU Leuven Laboratory for Genetics and Genomics, Department M2S, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Qinhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,TIB-VIB Joint Center of Synthetic Biology, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zongjie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,TIB-VIB Joint Center of Synthetic Biology, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
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22
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Tomaszewska-Hetman L, Rywińska A, Lazar Z, Juszczyk P, Rakicka-Pustułka M, Janek T, Kuźmińska-Bajor M, Rymowicz W. Application of a New Engineered Strain of Yarrowia lipolytica for Effective Production of Calcium Ketoglutarate Dietary Supplements. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7577. [PMID: 34299193 PMCID: PMC8304598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop a technology for the production of dietary supplements based on yeast biomass and α-ketoglutaric acid (KGA), produced by a new transformant of Yarrowia lipolytica with improved KGA biosynthesis ability, as well to verify the usefulness of the obtained products for food and feed purposes. Transformants of Y. lipolytica were constructed to overexpress genes encoding glycerol kinase, methylcitrate synthase and mitochondrial organic acid transporter. The strains were compared in terms of growth ability in glycerol- and oil-based media as well as their suitability for KGA biosynthesis in mixed glycerol-oil medium. The impact of different C:N:P ratios on KGA production by selected strain was also evaluated. Application of the strain that overexpressed all three genes in the culture with a C:N:P ratio of 87:5:1 allowed us to obtain 53.1 g/L of KGA with productivity of 0.35 g/Lh and yield of 0.53 g/g. Finally, the possibility of obtaining three different products with desired nutritional and health-beneficial characteristics was demonstrated: (1) calcium α-ketoglutarate (CaKGA) with purity of 89.9% obtained by precipitation of KGA with CaCO3, (2) yeast biomass with very good nutritional properties, (3) fixed biomass-CaKGA preparation containing 87.2 μg/g of kynurenic acid, which increases the health-promoting value of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwika Tomaszewska-Hetman
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Street 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.R.); (Z.L.); (P.J.); (M.R.-P.); (T.J.); (M.K.-B.); (W.R.)
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23
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Lopes M, Miranda SM, Costa AR, Pereira AS, Belo I. Yarrowia lipolytica as a biorefinery platform for effluents and solid wastes valorization - challenges and opportunities. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:163-183. [PMID: 34157916 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1931016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to its physiological and enzymatic features, Yarrowia lipolytica produces several valuable compounds from a wide range of substrates. Appointed by some authors as an industrial workhorse, Y. lipolytica has an extraordinary ability to use unrefined and complex low-cost substrates as carbon and nitrogen sources, aiding to reduce the waste surplus and to produce added-value compounds in a cost-effective way. Dozens of review papers regarding Y. lipolytica have been published till now, proving the interest that this yeast arouses in the scientific community. However, most of them are focused on metabolic pathways involved in substrates assimilation and product formation, or the development of synthetic biology tools in order to obtain engineered strains for biotechnological applications. This paper provides an exhaustive and up-to-date revision on the application of Y. lipolytica to valorize liquid effluents and solid wastes and its role in developing cleaner biotechnological approaches, aiming to boost the circular economy. Firstly, a general overview about Y. lipolytica is introduced, describing its intrinsic features and biotechnological applications. Then, an extensive survey of the literature regarding the assimilation of oily wastes (waste cooking oils, oil cakes and olive mill wastewaters), animal fat wastes, hydrocarbons-rich effluents, crude glycerol and agro-food wastes by Y. lipolytica strains will be discussed. This is the first article that brings together the environmental issue of all such residues and their valorization as feedstock for valuable compounds production by Y. lipolytica. Finally, it will demonstrate the potential of this non-conventional yeast to be used as a biorefinery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Lopes
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sílvia M Miranda
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana R Costa
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana S Pereira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Isabel Belo
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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24
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Abbasi AR, Liu J, Wang Z, Zhao A, Ying H, Qu L, Alam MA, Xiong W, Xu J, Lv Y. Recent Advances in Producing Sugar Alcohols and Functional Sugars by Engineering Yarrowia lipolytica. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:648382. [PMID: 33777917 PMCID: PMC7992007 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.648382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The sugar alcohols and functional sugars have wide applications in food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. However, the smaller quantities of natural occurring sugar alcohols and functional sugars restricted their applications. The enzymatic and whole-cell catalyst production is emerging as the predominant alternatives. The properties of Yarrowia lipolytica make it a promising sugar alcohol and functional sugar producer. However, there are still some issues to be resolved. As there exist reviews about the chemical structures, physicochemical properties, biological functions, applications, and biosynthesis of sugar alcohols and/or functional sugars in Y. lipolytica, this mini review will not only update the recent advances in enzymatic and microbial production of sugar alcohols (erythritol, D-threitol, and xylitol) and functional sugars (isomaltulose, trehalose, fructo-oligosaccharides, and galacto-oligosaccharides) by using recombinant Y. lipolytica but also focus on the studies of gene discovery, pathway engineering, expanding substrate scope, bioprocess engineering, and novel breeding methods to resolve the aforementioned issues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinle Liu
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Anqi Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Md. Asraful Alam
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Xiong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Tuoyang Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou University Industrial Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongkun Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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25
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Celińska E, Nicaud JM, Białas W. Hydrolytic secretome engineering in Yarrowia lipolytica for consolidated bioprocessing on polysaccharide resources: review on starch, cellulose, xylan, and inulin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:975-989. [PMID: 33447867 PMCID: PMC7843476 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) featuring concomitant hydrolysis of renewable substrates and microbial conversion into value-added biomolecules is considered to bring substantial benefits to the overall process efficiency. The biggest challenge in developing an economically feasible CBP process is identification of bifunctional biocatalyst merging the ability to utilize the substrate and convert it to value-added product with high efficiency. Yarrowia lipolytica is known for its exceptional performance in hydrophobic substrates assimilation and storage. On the other hand, its capacity to grow on plant-derived biomass is strongly limited. Still, its high potential to simultaneously overproduce several secretory proteins makes Y. lipolytica a platform of choice for expanding its substrate range to complex polysaccharides by engineering its hydrolytic secretome. This review provides an overview of different genetic engineering strategies advancing development of Y. lipolytica strains able to grow on the following four complex polysaccharides: starch, cellulose, xylan, and inulin. Much attention has been paid to genome mining studies uncovering native potential of this species to assimilate untypical sugars, as in many cases it turns out that dormant pathways are present in Y. lipolytica's genome. In addition, the magnitude of the economic gain by CBP processing is here discussed and supported with adequate calculations based on simulated process models. KEY POINTS: • The mini-review updates the knowledge on polysaccharide-utilizing Yarrowia lipolytica. • Insight into molecular bases founding new biochemical qualities is provided. • Model industrial processes were simulated and the associated costs were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Celińska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jean-Marc Nicaud
- Micalis Institute, INRAE-AgroParisTech, UMR1319, Team BIMLip: Integrative Metabolism of Microbial Lipids, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Wojciech Białas
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627, Poznań, Poland
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26
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Dobrowolski A, Drzymała K, Mituła P, Mirończuk AM. Production of tailor-made fatty acids from crude glycerol at low pH by Yarrowia lipolytica. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123746. [PMID: 32622282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, single cell oil (SCO) can play two distinct roles, first as a supplier of functional oils, and second as a feedstock for the biodiesel industry. These two distinct functions require a different fatty acids (FA) profile in the lipid pool. Moreover, to exploit their potential for industrialization, it is necessary to employ a low-cost substrate. Crude glycerol is the main side-product of biodiesel production. This renewable feedstock is one of Yarrowia lipolytica favorable substrates. In this study we improved polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) synthesis by overexpression of the glycerol phosphate acyltransferase gene (SCT1). Here, we established a method to alter the quantity and FA composition of SCO. The engineered strain showed a 10-fold improvement (>20%) in linoleic acid synthesis (C18:2) in a shake-flask experiment. In a fermenter study co-overexpression of glycerol kinase (GUT1) and SCT1 allowed for 3-fold improvement in C18:2 synthesis from crude glycerol and at low pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Dobrowolski
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, Wrocław 51-630, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Drzymała
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, Wrocław 51-630, Poland
| | - Paweł Mituła
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq 24, Wrocław 50-363, Poland
| | - Aleksandra M Mirończuk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, Wrocław 51-630, Poland
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27
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Kamzolova SV, Morgunov IG. Optimization of medium composition and fermentation conditions for α-ketoglutaric acid production from biodiesel waste by Yarrowia lipolytica. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7979-7989. [PMID: 32749527 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the ability of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica cultivated on biodiesel waste to synthesize α-ketoglutaric acid with a minimal content of pyruvic acid as the main byproduct. The key factor promoting the microbial production of α-ketoglutaric acid from the waste is a strong deficiency of thiamine in the cultivation medium. The production of α-ketoglutaric acid by the yeast can be regulated by changing the concentration of nitrogen, iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in the medium, as well as by pH medium and the aeration rate. The optimization of these parameters in flask experiments allowed us to increase the concentration of α-ketoglutaric acid in the medium by 2.6 times and to shift the α-ketoglutaric acid/pyruvic acid ratio from 5:1 to 30:1. During cultivation in a fermentor under optimized conditions, Y. lipolytica produced 80.4 g/L α-ketoglutaric acid with a process selectivity of 96.7% and the product yield (YKGA) equal to 1.01 g/g. KEY POINTS: • α-Ketoglutaric acid is commercially important biotechnological product. • Biosynthesis of α-ketoglutaric acid from biodiesel waste. • Optimization of cultivation medium and nutrition medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Kamzolova
- Federal Research Center Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Igor G Morgunov
- Federal Research Center Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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Carsanba E, Papanikolaou S, Fickers P, Erten H. Lipids by Yarrowia lipolytica Strains Cultivated on Glucose in Batch Cultures. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071054. [PMID: 32679918 PMCID: PMC7409262 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleaginous microorganisms, such as Yarrowia lipolytica, accumulate lipids that can have interesting applications in food biotechnology or the synthesis of biodiesel. Y. lipolytica yeast can have many advantages such as wide substrate range usage and robustness to extreme conditions, while under several culture conditions it can produce high lipid productivity. Based on this assumption, in this study, 12 different Yarrowia lipolytica strains were used to investigate microbial lipid production using a glucose-based medium under nitrogen-limited conditions in shake-flask cultivations. Twelve wild-type or mutant strains of Yarrowia lipolytica which were newly isolated or belonged to official culture collections were tested, and moderate lipid quantities (up to 1.30 g/L) were produced; in many instances, nitrogen limitation led to citric acid production in the medium. Lipids were mainly composed of C16 and C18 fatty acids. Most of the fatty acids of the microbial lipid were unsaturated and corresponded mainly to oleic, palmitic and linoleic acids. Linolenic acid (C18:3) was produced in significant quantities (between 10% and 20%, wt/wt of dry cell weight (DCW)) by strains H917 and Po1dL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Carsanba
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey; or
- Amyris Bioproducts Portugal, Unipessoal, Lda, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Seraphim Papanikolaou
- Department of Food Science& Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Patrick Fickers
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
| | - Huseyin Erten
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey; or
- Correspondence:
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Dobrowolski A, Mirończuk AM. The influence of transketolase on lipid biosynthesis in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:138. [PMID: 32653007 PMCID: PMC7353674 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01398-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), two important components, NADPH and pentoses, are provided to the cell. Previously it was shown that this metabolic pathway is a source of reducing agent for lipid synthesis from glucose in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Y. lipolytica is an attractive microbial host since it is able to convert untypical feedstocks, such as glycerol, into oils, which subsequently can be transesterified to biodiesel. However, the lipogenesis process is a complex phenomenon, and it still remains unknown which genes from the PPP are involved in lipid synthesis. Results To address this problem we overexpressed five genes from this metabolic pathway: transaldolase (TAL1, YALI0F15587g), transketolase (TKL1, YALI0E06479g), ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase (RPE1, YALI0C11880g) and two dehydrogenases, NADP+-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (ZWF1, YALI0E22649g) and NADP+-dependent 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (GND1, YALI0B15598g), simultaneously with diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGA1, YALI0E32769g) and verified each resulting strain’s ability to synthesize fatty acid growing on both glycerol and glucose as a carbon source. Our results showed that co-expression of DGA1 and TKL1 results in higher SCO synthesis, increasing lipid content by 40% over the control strain (DGA1 overexpression). Conclusions Simultaneous overexpression of DGA1 and TKL1 genes results in a higher lipid titer independently from the fermentation conditions, such as carbon source, pH and YE supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Dobrowolski
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra M Mirończuk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
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Synthetic biology, systems biology, and metabolic engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica toward a sustainable biorefinery platform. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 47:845-862. [PMID: 32623653 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-020-02290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica is an oleaginous yeast that has been substantially engineered for production of oleochemicals and drop-in transportation fuels. The unique acetyl-CoA/malonyl-CoA supply mode along with the versatile carbon-utilization pathways makes this yeast a superior host to upgrade low-value carbons into high-value secondary metabolites and fatty acid-based chemicals. The expanded synthetic biology toolkits enabled us to explore a large portfolio of specialized metabolism beyond fatty acids and lipid-based chemicals. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances in genetic, omics, and computational tool development that enables us to streamline the genetic or genomic modification for Y. lipolytica. We will also summarize various metabolic engineering strategies to harness the endogenous acetyl-CoA/malonyl-CoA/HMG-CoA pathway for production of complex oleochemicals, polyols, terpenes, polyketides, and commodity chemicals. We envision that Y. lipolytica will be an excellent microbial chassis to expand nature's biosynthetic capacity to produce plant secondary metabolites, industrially relevant oleochemicals, agrochemicals, commodity, and specialty chemicals and empower us to build a sustainable biorefinery platform that contributes to the prosperity of a bio-based economy in the future.
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Celińska E, Borkowska M, Korpys-Woźniak P, Kubiak M, Nicaud JM, Kubiak P, Gorczyca M, Białas W. Optimization of Yarrowia lipolytica-based consolidated biocatalyst through synthetic biology approach: transcription units and signal peptides shuffling. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5845-5859. [PMID: 32358762 PMCID: PMC7306051 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10644-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays considerable effort is being pursued towards development of consolidated microbial biocatalysts that will be able to utilize complex, non-pretreated substrates and produce valuable compounds. In such engineered microbes, synthesis of extracellular hydrolases may be fine-tuned by different approaches, like strength of promoter, type of secretory tag, and gene copy number. In this study, we investigated if organization of a multi-element expression cassette impacts the resultant Yarrowia lipolytica transformants' phenotype, presuming that different variants of the cassette are composed of the same regulatory elements and encode the same mature proteins. To this end, Y. lipolytica cells were transformed with expression cassettes bearing a pair of genes encoding exactly the same mature amylases, but fused to four different signal peptides (SP), and located interchangeably in either first or second position of a synthetic DNA construction. The resultant strains were tested for growth on raw and pretreated complex substrates of different plant origin for comprehensive examination of the strains' acquired characteristics. Optimized strain was tested in batch bioreactor cultivations for growth and lipids accumulation. Based on the conducted research, we concluded that the positional order of transcription units (TU) and the type of exploited SP affect final characteristics of the resultant consolidated biocatalyst strains, and thus could be considered as additional factors to be evaluated upon consolidated biocatalysts optimization. KEY POINTS: • Y. lipolytica growing on raw starch was constructed and tested on different substrates. • Impact of expression cassette design and SP on biocatalysts' phenotype was evidenced. • Consolidated biocatalyst process for lipids production from starch was conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Celińska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Monika Borkowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paulina Korpys-Woźniak
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627, Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Kubiak
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jean-Marc Nicaud
- INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR1319, Team BIMLip: Integrative Metabolism of Microbial Lipids, Micalis Institute, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Piotr Kubiak
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria Gorczyca
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627, Poznań, Poland
| | - Wojciech Białas
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627, Poznań, Poland
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32
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Fickers P, Cheng H, Sze Ki Lin C. Sugar Alcohols and Organic Acids Synthesis in Yarrowia lipolytica: Where Are We? Microorganisms 2020; 8:E574. [PMID: 32326622 PMCID: PMC7232202 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar alcohols and organic acids that derive from the metabolism of certain microorganisms have a panoply of applications in agro-food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The main challenge in their production is to reach a productivity threshold that allow the process to be profitable. This relies on the construction of efficient cell factories by metabolic engineering and on the development of low-cost production processes by using industrial wastes or cheap and widely available raw materials as feedstock. The non-conventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has emerged recently as a potential producer of such metabolites owing its low nutritive requirements, its ability to grow at high cell densities in a bioreactor and ease of genome edition. This review will focus on current knowledge on the synthesis of the most important sugar alcohols and organic acids in Y. lipolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Fickers
- Microbial Process and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liege—Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hairong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong;
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33
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Ong KL, Fickers P, Lin CSK. Enhancing succinic acid productivity in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica with improved glycerol uptake rate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 702:134911. [PMID: 31733546 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Development of cost effective and highly efficient process for bio-based succinic acid (SA) production is a main concern for industry. The metabolically engineered Y. lipolytica strain PGC01003 was successfully used for SA production with high titre. However, this strain possesses as main drawback with a low growth rate when glycerol is used as a feedstock. Herein, gene GUT1, encoding glycerol kinase, was overexpressed in strain PGC01003 with the aim to improve glycerol uptake capacity. In the resulting strain RIY420, glycerol uptake was 13.5% higher than for the parental strain. GUT1 gene overexpression also positively influences SA production. In batch bioreactor, SA titre, yield and productivity were 32%, 39% and 143% higher, respectively, than for the parental strain PGC01003. Using a glycerol feeding strategy, SA titre, yield and productivity were further improved by 11%, 5% and 10%, respectively. Moreover, the process duration to yield the highest concentration of SA in the culture supernatant was reduced by 9%. This demonstrated the contribution of metabolically engineered strain RIY420 to lower SA process cost and increase the efficiency of bio-based SA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khai Lun Ong
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick Fickers
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Av. De la Faculté, 2B, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Hawary H, Rasmey AHM, Aboseidah AA, El-Morsi ES, Hafez M. Enhancement of glycerol production by UV-mutagenesis of the marine yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus HH16: kinetics and optimization of the fermentation process. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:446. [PMID: 31763124 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to enhance glycerol production using UV-mutagenesis of the marine yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus HH16 isolated from marine sediment collected from South Sinai Governorate, Egypt. Besides optimization of the culture conditions and analyzing the kinetic parameters of growth and glycerol biosynthesis by the mutant strain were studied. The marine yeast isolate HH16 was selected as the front runner glycerol-producer among all tested isolates, with glycerol yield recorded as 66.55 gl-1. The isolate was identified based on the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of W. anomalus. The genotypic characterization based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence was deposited in the GenBank database with the accession number MK182824. UV-mutagenesis of W. anomalus HH16 by its exposure to UV radiation (254 nm, 200 mW cm-2) for 5 min; increased its capability in the glycerol production rate with 16.97% (80.15 g l-1). Based on the kinetic and Monod equations, the maximum specific growth rate (μ max) and maximum specific glycerol production rate (v max) by the mutant strain W. anomalus HH16MU5 were 0.21 h-1 and 0.103 g g-1, respectively. Optimization of the fermentation parameters such as nitrogen source, salinity and pH has been achieved. The maximum glycerol production 86.55 g l-1 has been attained in a fermentation medium composed of 200 g l-1 glucose, 1 g l-1 peptone, 3 g l-1 yeast extract, and 58.44 g l-1 NaCl, this medium was adjusted at pH 8 and incubated for 3 days at 30° C. Moreover, results indicated the ability of this yeast to produce glycerol (73.33 g l-1) using a seawater based medium. These findings suggest the applicability of using the yeast isolate W. anomalus HH16MU5 as a potential producer of glycerol for industrial purposes.
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Babaei M, Rueksomtawin Kildegaard K, Niaei A, Hosseini M, Ebrahimi S, Sudarsan S, Angelidaki I, Borodina I. Engineering Oleaginous Yeast as the Host for Fermentative Succinic Acid Production From Glucose. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:361. [PMID: 31828067 PMCID: PMC6892388 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is a prospective host for production of succinic acid. The interruption of tricarboxylic acid cycle through succinate dehydrogenase gene (SDH) deletion was reported to result in strains incapable of glucose utilization and this ability had to be restored by chemical mutation or long adaptive laboratory evolution. In this study, a succinate producing strain of Y. lipolytica was engineered by truncating the promoter of SDH1 gene, which resulted in 77% reduction in SDH activity but did not impair the ability of the strain to grow on glucose. The flux toward succinic acid was further improved by overexpressing the genes in the glyoxylate pathway and the oxidative TCA branch, and expressing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from Actinobacillus succinogenes. A short adaptation on glucose reduced the lag phase of the strain and increased its tolerance to high glucose concentrations. The resulting strain produced 7.8 ± 0.0 g/L succinic acid with a yield of 0.105 g/g glucose in shake flasks without pH control, while mannitol (11.8 ± 0.8 g/L) was the main by-product. Further investigations showed that mannitol accumulation was caused by low pH stress and buffering the fermentation medium eliminated mannitol formation. In a fed-batch bioreactor in mineral medium at pH 5, at which point according to Ka values of succinic acid, the major fraction of product was in acidic form rather than dissociated form, the strain produced 35.3 ± 1.5 g/L succinic acid with 0.26 ± 0.00 g/g glucose yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Babaei
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Aligholi Niaei
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hosseini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sirous Ebrahimi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Suresh Sudarsan
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irina Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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36
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Microbial production of (2 R ,3 S )-isocitric acid: state of the arts and prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9321-9333. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Russmayer H, Egermeier M, Kalemasi D, Sauer M. Spotlight on biodiversity of microbial cell factories for glycerol conversion. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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38
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Egermeier M, Sauer M, Marx H. Golden Gate-based metabolic engineering strategy for wild-type strains of Yarrowia lipolytica. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5304171. [PMID: 30698703 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast Yarrowia lipolytica represents a future microbial cell factory for numerous applications in a bio-based economy. Outstanding feature of this yeast is the metabolic flexibility in utilising various substrates (sugars, fatty acids, glycerol, etc.). The potential of wild-type isolates of Y. lipolytica to convert glycerol into various value-added compounds is attracting attention of academia and industry. However, the already established tools for efficient engineering of the metabolism of Y. lipolytica are often dependent on genetic features like auxotrophic markers. With the present work we want to introduce a new set of vectors for metabolic engineering strategies, including CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The system is based on GoldenMOCS, a recently established rapid Golden Gate cloning strategy applicable in multiple organisms. We could show that our new GoldenMOCS plasmids are suitable for the extrachromosomal overexpression of the gene glycerol kinase (GUT1) in wild-type isolates of Y. lipolytica resulting in enhanced conversion of glycerol to erythritol and citric acid. Moreover, a GoldenMOCS plasmid for CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing has been designed, which facilitates single gene knock-outs with efficiencies between 6% and 25% in strains with genetic wild-type background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Egermeier
- CD-Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biotechnology, BOKU-VIBT, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Sauer
- CD-Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biotechnology, BOKU-VIBT, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Marx
- CD-Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biotechnology, BOKU-VIBT, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Mirończuk AM, Kosiorowska KE, Biegalska A, Rakicka-Pustułka M, Szczepańczyk M, Dobrowolski A. Heterologous overexpression of bacterial hemoglobin VHb improves erythritol biosynthesis by yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:176. [PMID: 31615519 PMCID: PMC6794898 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Yarrowia lipolytica is an unconventional yeast with a huge industrial potential. Despite many advantages for biotechnological applications, it possesses enormous demand for oxygen, which is a bottleneck in large scale production. In this study a codon optimized bacterial hemoglobin from Vitreoscilla stercoraria (VHb) was overexpressed in Y. lipolytica for efficient growth and erythritol synthesis from glycerol in low-oxygen conditions. Erythritol is a natural sweetener produced by Y. lipolytica under high osmotic pressure and at low pH, and this process requires high oxygen demand. Results Under these conditions the VHb overexpressing strain showed mostly yeast-type cells resulting in 83% higher erythritol titer in shake-flask experiments. During a bioreactor study the engineered strain showed higher erythritol productivity (QERY = 0.38 g/l h) and yield (YERY = 0.37 g/g) in comparison to the control strain (QERY = 0.30 g/l h, YERY = 0.29 g/g). Moreover, low stirring during the fermentation process resulted in modest foam formation. Conclusions This study showed that overexpression of VHb in Y. lipolytica allows for dynamic growth and efficient production of a value-added product from a low-value substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Mirończuk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna E Kosiorowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Biegalska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rakicka-Pustułka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Szczepańczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam Dobrowolski
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
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Pang Y, Zhao Y, Li S, Zhao Y, Li J, Hu Z, Zhang C, Xiao D, Yu A. Engineering the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica to produce limonene from waste cooking oil. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:241. [PMID: 31624503 PMCID: PMC6781337 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limonene is an important biologically active natural product widely used in the food, cosmetic, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. However, the low abundance of limonene in plants renders their isolation from plant sources non-economically viable. Therefore, engineering microbes into microbial factories for producing limonene is fast becoming an attractive alternative approach that can overcome the aforementioned bottleneck to meet the needs of industries and make limonene production more sustainable and environmentally friendly. RESULTS In this proof-of-principle study, the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica was successfully engineered to produce both d-limonene and l-limonene by introducing the heterologous d-limonene synthase from Citrus limon and l-limonene synthase from Mentha spicata, respectively. However, only 0.124 mg/L d-limonene and 0.126 mg/L l-limonene were produced. To improve the limonene production by the engineered yeast Y. lipolytica strain, ten genes involved in the mevalonate-dependent isoprenoid pathway were overexpressed individually to investigate their effects on limonene titer. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) was found to be the key rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway for the improving limonene synthesis in Y. lipolytica. Through the overexpression of HMGR gene, the titers of d-limonene and l-limonene were increased to 0.256 mg/L and 0.316 mg/L, respectively. Subsequently, the fermentation conditions were optimized to maximize limonene production by the engineered Y. lipolytica strains from glucose, and the final titers of d-limonene and l-limonene were improved to 2.369 mg/L and 2.471 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, fed-batch fermentation of the engineered strains Po1g KdHR and Po1g KlHR was used to enhance limonene production in shake flasks and the titers achieved for d-limonene and l-limonene were 11.705 mg/L (0.443 mg/g) and 11.088 mg/L (0.385 mg/g), respectively. Finally, the potential of using waste cooking oil as a carbon source for limonene biosynthesis from the engineered Y. lipolytica strains was investigated. We showed that d-limonene and l-limonene were successfully produced at the respective titers of 2.514 mg/L and 2.723 mg/L under the optimal cultivation condition, where 70% of waste cooking oil was added as the carbon source, representing a 20-fold increase in limonene titer compared to that before strain and fermentation optimization. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the first report on the development of a new and efficient process to convert waste cooking oil into d-limonene and l-limonene by exploiting metabolically engineered Y. lipolytica strains for fermentation. The results obtained in this study lay the foundation for more future applications of Y. lipolytica in converting waste cooking oil into various industrially valuable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yakun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenglong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongguang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiqun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People’s Republic of China
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Kayacan Y, Griffiths A, Wendland J. A script for initiating molecular biology studies with non-conventional yeasts based on Saccharomycopsis schoenii. Microbiol Res 2019; 229:126342. [PMID: 31536874 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-conventional yeasts (NCYs), i.e. all yeasts other than Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are emerging as novel production strains and gain more and more attention to exploit their unique properties. Yet, these yeasts can hardly compete against the advanced methodology and genetic tool kit available for exploiting and engineering S. cerevisiae. Currently, for many NCYs one has to start from scratch to initiate molecular genetic manipulations, which is often time consuming and not straight-forward. More so because utilization of S. cerevisiae tools based on short-flank mediated homologous recombination or plasmid biology are not readily applicable in NCYs. Here we present a script with discrete steps that will lead to the development of a basic and expandable molecular toolkit for ascomycetous NCYs and will allow genetic engineering of novel platform strains. For toolkit development the highly efficient in vivo recombination efficiency of S. cerevisiae is utilized in the generation and initial testing of tools. The basic toolkit includes promoters, reporter genes, selectable markers based on dominant antibiotic resistance genes and the generation of long-flanking homology disruption cassettes. The advantage of having pretested molecular tools that function in a heterologous host facilitate NCY strain manipulations. We demonstrate the usefulness of this script on Saccharomycopsis schoenii, a predator yeast with useful properties in fermentation and fungal biocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeseren Kayacan
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Functional Yeast Genomics, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adam Griffiths
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Functional Yeast Genomics, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Wendland
- Hochschule Geisenheim University, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, von-Lade-Strasse 1, D-65366 Geisenheim, Germany; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Functional Yeast Genomics, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Wei H, Wang W, Alper HS, Xu Q, Knoshaug EP, Van Wychen S, Lin CY, Luo Y, Decker SR, Himmel ME, Zhang M. Ameliorating the Metabolic Burden of the Co-expression of Secreted Fungal Cellulases in a High Lipid-Accumulating Yarrowia lipolytica Strain by Medium C/N Ratio and a Chemical Chaperone. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3276. [PMID: 30687267 PMCID: PMC6333634 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica, known to accumulate lipids intracellularly, lacks the cellulolytic enzymes needed to break down solid biomass directly. This study aimed to evaluate the potential metabolic burden of expressing core cellulolytic enzymes in an engineered high lipid-accumulating strain of Y. lipolytica. Three fungal cellulases, Talaromyces emersonii-Trichoderma reesei chimeric cellobiohydrolase I (chimeric-CBH I), T. reesei cellobiohydrolase II (CBH II), and T. reesei endoglucanase II (EG II) were expressed using three constitutive strong promoters as a single integrative expression block in a recently engineered lipid hyper-accumulating strain of Y. lipolytica (HA1). In yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) medium, the resulting cellulase co-expressing transformant YL165-1 had the chimeric-CBH I, CBH II, and EG II secretion titers being 26, 17, and 132 mg L-1, respectively. Cellulase co-expression in YL165-1 in culture media with a moderate C/N ratio of ∼4.5 unexpectedly resulted in a nearly two-fold reduction in cellular lipid accumulation compared to the parental control strain, a sign of cellular metabolic drain. Such metabolic drain was ameliorated when grown in media with a high C/N ratio of 59 having a higher glucose utilization rate that led to approximately twofold more cell mass and threefold more lipid production per liter culture compared to parental control strain, suggesting cross-talk between cellulase and lipid production, both of which involve the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Most importantly, we found that the chemical chaperone, trimethylamine N-oxide dihydride increased glucose utilization, cell mass and total lipid titer in the transformants, suggesting further amelioration of the metabolic drain. This is the first study examining lipid production in cellulase-expressing Y. lipolytica strains under various C/N ratio media and with a chemical chaperone highlighting the metabolic complexity for developing robust, cellulolytic and lipogenic yeast strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Hal S Alper
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Qi Xu
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Eric P Knoshaug
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Stefanie Van Wychen
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States.,National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Chien-Yuan Lin
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Yonghua Luo
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Stephen R Decker
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Michael E Himmel
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Min Zhang
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States.,National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
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Jagtap SS, Bedekar AA, Liu JJ, Jin YS, Rao CV. Production of galactitol from galactose by the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides IFO0880. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:250. [PMID: 31636709 PMCID: PMC6798376 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar alcohols are commonly used as low-calorie sweeteners and can serve as potential building blocks for bio-based chemicals. Previous work has shown that the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides IFO0880 can natively produce arabitol from xylose at relatively high titers, suggesting that it may be a useful host for sugar alcohol production. In this work, we explored whether R. toruloides can produce additional sugar alcohols. RESULTS Rhodosporidium toruloides is able to produce galactitol from galactose. During growth in nitrogen-rich medium, R. toruloides produced 3.2 ± 0.6 g/L, and 8.4 ± 0.8 g/L galactitol from 20 to 40 g/L galactose, respectively. In addition, R. toruloides was able to produce galactitol from galactose at reduced titers during growth in nitrogen-poor medium, which also induces lipid production. These results suggest that R. toruloides can potentially be used for the co-production of lipids and galactitol from galactose. We further characterized the mechanism for galactitol production, including identifying and biochemically characterizing the critical aldose reductase. Intracellular metabolite analysis was also performed to further understand galactose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Rhodosporidium toruloides has traditionally been used for the production of lipids and lipid-based chemicals. Our work demonstrates that R. toruloides can also produce galactitol, which can be used to produce polymers with applications in medicine and as a precursor for anti-cancer drugs. Collectively, our results further establish that R. toruloides can produce multiple value-added chemicals from a wide range of sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Sadashiv Jagtap
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Ashwini Ashok Bedekar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Christopher V. Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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Rzechonek DA, Dobrowolski A, Rymowicz W, Mirończuk AM. Aseptic production of citric and isocitric acid from crude glycerol by genetically modified Yarrowia lipolytica. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 271:340-344. [PMID: 30292133 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The unconventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is known for its capacity to produce citric or isocitric acid from glycerol. In this study a reduction of production cost was achieved by using cheap crude glycerol and conducting the production at pH 3 to prevent bacterial contamination. In this study a Y. lipolytica strain overexpressing Gut1 and Gut2 was used. For the modified strain, crude glycerol proved to be an excellent substrate for production of citric/isocitric acids in aseptic conditions, as the final concentration of these compounds reached 75.9 ± 1.8 g L-1 after 7 days of batch production. Interestingly, the concentration of isocitric acid was 42.5 ± 2.4 g L-1, which is one of the highest concentrations of isocitric acid obtained from a waste substrate. In summary, these data show that organic acids can be efficiently produced by the yeast Y. lipolytica from crude glycerol without any prior purification in aseptic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota A Rzechonek
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam Dobrowolski
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Waldemar Rymowicz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra M Mirończuk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
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Costa PPKG, Mendes TD, Salum TFC, Pacheco TF, Braga SC, de Almeida JRM, Gonçalves SB, Damaso MCT, Rodrigues CM. Development and validation of HILIC-UHPLC-ELSD methods for determination of sugar alcohols stereoisomers and its application for bioconversion processes of crude glycerin. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1589:56-64. [PMID: 30621908 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent increase in the production of crude glycerin through the manufacture of biodiesel has imputed a commercial issue, the excess of this raw material in the market and its constant devaluation, which resulted in the need for new technologies for its use. Crude glycerin can be used in biotechnological processes for the production of high value-added compounds. This study presents novel, simple and fast methods based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) using evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) for simultaneous analysis of ten sugar alcohols with a hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) column. The selected compounds and their possible stereoisomers have major commercial importance and they can be obtained by biotechnological routes. Under optimized conditions, threitol, erythritol, adonitol, xylitol, arabitol, iditol, sorbitol, mannitol, dulcitol and volemitol can be analyzed simultaneously within 15.0 min. The use of different column temperatures was a key parameter to reach the selectivity during the separation of some stereoisomers. Regression equations revealed a good linear relationship (R > 0.995) over the range from 50.0 to 800.0 ng. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) ranged from 30.0 to 45.0 ng and 50.0-75.0 ng, respectively. The HILIC-UHPLC-ELSD methods showed good precision with low coefficient of variation (CV%) for the intra- and inter-assays experiments (≤ 5.1%) and high repeatability in terms of retention times for each analyte (≤ 0.5%). The accuracy was confirmed with an average recovery ranging from 92.3 to 107.3%. The developed methods employ an analytical technique more accessible and suitable for routine analyzes and have shown to be suitable for simultaneous analysis of sugar alcohols present in crude bioconverted glycerin samples using different classes of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia P K G Costa
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, W3 Norte, PqEB, 70770-901, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Thaís D Mendes
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, W3 Norte, PqEB, 70770-901, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Thaís F C Salum
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, W3 Norte, PqEB, 70770-901, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Thályta F Pacheco
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, W3 Norte, PqEB, 70770-901, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Samira C Braga
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, W3 Norte, PqEB, 70770-901, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - João Ricardo M de Almeida
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, W3 Norte, PqEB, 70770-901, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Sílvia B Gonçalves
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, W3 Norte, PqEB, 70770-901, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Mônica C T Damaso
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, W3 Norte, PqEB, 70770-901, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Clenilson M Rodrigues
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, W3 Norte, PqEB, 70770-901, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Larroude M, Rossignol T, Nicaud JM, Ledesma-Amaro R. Synthetic biology tools for engineering Yarrowia lipolytica. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2150-2164. [PMID: 30315870 PMCID: PMC6261845 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The non-conventional oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica shows great industrial promise. It naturally produces certain compounds of interest but can also artificially generate non-native metabolites, thanks to an engineering process made possible by the significant expansion of a dedicated genetic toolbox. In this review, we present recently developed synthetic biology tools that facilitate the manipulation of Y. lipolytica, including 1) DNA assembly techniques, 2) DNA parts for constructing expression cassettes, 3) genome-editing techniques, and 4) computational tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Larroude
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - T Rossignol
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - J-M Nicaud
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - R Ledesma-Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Succinic acid production using a glycerol-based medium by an engineered strain of Yarrowia lipolytica: Statistical optimization and preliminary economic feasibility study. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abdel-Mawgoud AM, Markham KA, Palmer CM, Liu N, Stephanopoulos G, Alper HS. Metabolic engineering in the host Yarrowia lipolytica. Metab Eng 2018; 50:192-208. [PMID: 30056205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The nonconventional, oleaginous yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica is rapidly emerging as a valuable host for the production of a variety of both lipid and nonlipid chemical products. While the unique genetics of this organism pose some challenges, many new metabolic engineering tools have emerged to facilitate improved genetic manipulation in this host. This review establishes a case for Y. lipolytica as a premier metabolic engineering host based on innate metabolic capacity, emerging synthetic tools, and engineering examples. The metabolism underlying the lipid accumulation phenotype of this yeast as well as high flux through acyl-CoA precursors and the TCA cycle provide a favorable metabolic environment for expression of relevant heterologous pathways. These properties allow Y. lipolytica to be successfully engineered for the production of both native and nonnative lipid, organic acid, sugar and acetyl-CoA derived products. Finally, this host has unique metabolic pathways enabling growth on a wide range of carbon sources, including waste products. The expansion of carbon sources, together with the improvement of tools as highlighted here, have allowed this nonconventional organism to act as a cellular factory for valuable chemicals and fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M Abdel-Mawgoud
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Kelly A Markham
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Claire M Palmer
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Gregory Stephanopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
| | - Hal S Alper
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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Mirończuk AM, Biegalska A, Zugaj K, Rzechonek DA, Dobrowolski A. A Role of a Newly Identified Isomerase From Yarrowia lipolytica in Erythritol Catabolism. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1122. [PMID: 29910781 PMCID: PMC5992420 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythritol is a natural sweetener produced by microorganisms as an osmoprotectant. It belongs to the group of polyols and it can be utilized by the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Despite the recent identification of the transcription factor of erythritol utilization (EUF1), the metabolic pathway of erythritol catabolism remains unknown. In this study we identified a new gene, YALI0F01628g, involved in erythritol assimilation. In silico analysis showed that YALI0F01628g is a putative isomerase and it is localized in the same region as EUF1. qRT-PCR analysis of Y. lipolytica showed a significant increase in YALI0F01628g expression during growth on erythritol and after overexpression of EUF1. Moreover, the deletion strain ΔF01628 showed significantly impaired erythritol assimilation, whereas synthesis of erythritol remained unchanged. The results showed that YALI0F1628g is involved in erythritol assimilation; thus we named the gene EYI1. Moreover, we suggest the metabolic pathway of erythritol assimilation in yeast Y. lipolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M. Mirończuk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Li L, Kang P, Ju X, Chen J, Zou H, Hu C, Yan L. Enhancement of erythritol production by Trichosporonoides oedocephalis ATCC 16958 through regulating key enzyme activity and the NADPH/NADP ratio with metal ion supplementation. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:257-263. [PMID: 29355459 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1425712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Erythritol, a well-known natural sweetener, is mainly produced by microbial fermentation. Various metal ions (Al3+, Cu2+, Mn2+, and Ni2+) were added to the culture medium of Trichosporonoides oedocephalis ATCC 16958 at 30 mg/L in shake flask cultures. Compared with controls, Cu2+ increased the erythritol content by 86% and decreased the glycerol by-product by 31%. After 48 hr of shake flask culture, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that expression levels of erythrose reductase (ER) in the presence of 30 mg/L CuSO4 · 5H2O were higher than those obtained after treatment with other examined metal ions. Furthermore, after 108 hr of batch culture in a 5-L bioreactor, supplementation with 30 mg/L of CuSO4 · 5H2O increased the specific erythritol content by 27%. Further studies demonstrated that ER activity under 30 mg/L CuSO4 · 5H2O supplementation in a fermentor was overtly increased compared with the control after 60 hr, while glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was clearly reduced in most of the fermentation process. Furthermore, the NADPH/NADP ratio was slightly lower in T. oedocephalis cells treated with Cu2+ compared with control cells. These results provide further insights into Cu2+ effects on erythritol biosynthesis in T. oedocephalis and should improve the industrial production of erythritol by biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhi Li
- a School of Chemistry, Biology, and Material Engineering , Suzhou University of Science and Technology , Suzhou , P. R. China
| | - Pei Kang
- a School of Chemistry, Biology, and Material Engineering , Suzhou University of Science and Technology , Suzhou , P. R. China
| | - Xin Ju
- a School of Chemistry, Biology, and Material Engineering , Suzhou University of Science and Technology , Suzhou , P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- a School of Chemistry, Biology, and Material Engineering , Suzhou University of Science and Technology , Suzhou , P. R. China
| | - Huibin Zou
- b School of Chemical Engineering , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao , P. R. China
| | - Cuiying Hu
- a School of Chemistry, Biology, and Material Engineering , Suzhou University of Science and Technology , Suzhou , P. R. China
| | - Lishi Yan
- a School of Chemistry, Biology, and Material Engineering , Suzhou University of Science and Technology , Suzhou , P. R. China
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