1
|
Xiao D, Driller M, Dielentheis‐Frenken M, Haala F, Kohl P, Stein K, Blank LM, Tiso T. Advances in Aureobasidium research: Paving the path to industrial utilization. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14535. [PMID: 39075758 PMCID: PMC11286673 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
We here explore the potential of the fungal genus Aureobasidium as a prototype for a microbial chassis for industrial biotechnology in the context of a developing circular bioeconomy. The study emphasizes the physiological advantages of Aureobasidium, including its polyextremotolerance, broad substrate spectrum, and diverse product range, making it a promising candidate for cost-effective and sustainable industrial processes. In the second part, recent advances in genetic tool development, as well as approaches for up-scaled fermentation, are described. This review adds to the growing body of scientific literature on this remarkable fungus and reveals its potential for future use in the biotechnological industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Difan Xiao
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Marielle Driller
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Marie Dielentheis‐Frenken
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Frederick Haala
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Philipp Kohl
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Karla Stein
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Lars M. Blank
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qin Z, Feng J, Li Y, Zheng Y, Moore C, Yang ST. Engineering the reductive tricarboxylic acid pathway in Aureobasidium pullulans for enhanced biosynthesis of poly-L-malic acid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130122. [PMID: 38040309 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Aureobasidium pullulans produced poly-L-malic acid (PMA) as the main metabolite in fermentation but with relatively low productivity and yield limiting its industrial application. In this study, A. pullulans ZX-10 was engineered to overexpress cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and pyruvate carboxylase (PYC) and PMA synthetase (PMS) using a high-copy yeast episomal plasmid with the gpdA promoter from Aspergillus nidulans. Overexpressing endogenous PMS and heterologous MDH and PYC from Aspergillus oryzae respectively increased PMA production by 19 % - 37 % (0.64 - 0.74 g/g vs. 0.54 g/g for wild type) in shake-flask fermentations, demonstrating the importance of the reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) pathway in PMA biosynthesis. A. pullulans co-expressing MDH and PYC produced 96.7 g/L PMA at 0.90 g/L∙h and 0.68 g/g glucose in fed-batch fermentation, which were among the highest yield and productivity reported. The engineered A. pullulans with enhanced rTCA pathway is advantageous and promising for PMA production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qin
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jun Feng
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - You Li
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yin Zheng
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Curtis Moore
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khandelwal R, Srivastava P, Bisaria VS. Recent advances in the production of malic acid by native fungi and engineered microbes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:217. [PMID: 37269376 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Malic acid is mainly produced by chemical methods which lead to various environmental sustainability concerns associated with CO2 emissions and resulting global warming. Since malic acid is naturally synthesized, microorganisms offer an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative for its production. An additional advantage of microbial production is the synthesis of pure L-form of malic acid. Due to its numerous applications, biotechnologically- produced L-malic acid is a much sought-after platform chemical. Malic acid can be produced by microbial fermentation via oxidative/reductive TCA and glyoxylate pathways. This article elaborates the potential and limitations of high malic acid producing native fungi belonging to Aspergillus, Penicillium, Ustilago and Aureobasidium spp. The utilization of industrial side streams and low value renewable substrates such as crude glycerol and lignocellulosic biomass is also discussed with a view to develop a competitive bio-based production process. The major impediments present in the form of toxic compounds from lignocellulosic residues or synthesized during fermentation along with their remedial measures are also described. The article also focuses on production of polymalic acid from renewable substrates which opens up a cost-cutting dimension in production of this biodegradable polymer. Finally, the recent strategies being employed for its production in recombinant organisms have also been covered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Khandelwal
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
- Corporate Research & Development Centre, Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, Udyog Kendra, P. O. Surajpur, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Preeti Srivastava
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Virendra Swarup Bisaria
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu N, Zhang J, Chen Y, Xu Q, Song P, Li Y, Li K, Liu H. Recent advances in microbial production of L-malic acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7973-7992. [PMID: 36370160 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, increasing concerns regarding fossil fuel depletion and excessive CO2 emissions have led to extensive fundamental studies and industrial trials regarding microbial chemical production. As an additive or precursor, L-malic acid has been shown to exhibit distinctive properties in the food, pharmaceutical, and daily chemical industries. L-malic acid is currently mainly fabricated through a fumarate hydratase-based biocatalytic conversion route, wherein petroleum-derived fumaric acid serves as a substrate. In this review, for the first time, we comprehensively describe the methods of malic acid strain transformation, raw material utilization, malic acid separation, etc., especially recent progress and remaining challenges for industrial applications. First, we summarize the various pathways involved in L-malic acid biosynthesis using different microorganisms. We also discuss several strain engineering strategies for improving the titer, yield, and productivity of L-malic acid. We illustrate the currently available alternatives for reducing production costs and the existing strategies for optimizing the fermentation process. Finally, we summarize the present challenges and future perspectives regarding the development of microbial L-malic acid production. KEY POINTS: • A range of wild-type, mutant, laboratory-evolved, and metabolically engineered strains which could produce L-malic acid were comprehensively described. • Alternative raw materials for reducing production costs and the existing strategies for optimizing the fermentation were sufficiently summarized. • The present challenges and future perspectives regarding the development of microbial L-malic acid production were elaboratively discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaru Chen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Song
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingfeng Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Iman MN, Herawati E, Fukusaki E, Putri SP. Metabolomics-driven strain improvement: A mini review. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1057709. [PMID: 36438656 PMCID: PMC9681786 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1057709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics has been established as a powerful and versatile technique for studying cellular metabolism by comprehensive analysis of metabolites in the cell. Although there are many scientific reports on the use of metabolomics for the elucidation of mechanism and physiological changes occurring in the cell, there are surprisingly very few reports on its use for the identification of rate-limiting steps in a synthetic biological system that can lead to the actual improvement of the host organism. In this mini review, we discuss different strategies for improving strain performance using metabolomics data and compare the application of metabolomics-driven strain improvement techniques in different host microorganisms. Finally, we highlight several success stories on the use of metabolomics-driven strain improvement strategies, which led to significant bioproductivity improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Nathanael Iman
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Elisa Herawati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sastia Prama Putri
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xia J, Liu S, Jiao J, Qiu Z, Liu X, He A, Xu N, Xu J. Evaluation of enhancing effect of soybean oil on polymalic acid production by Aureobasidium pullulans HA-4D. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:1673-1682. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
7
|
Huang X, Xu L, Qian H, Wang X, Tao Z. Polymalic acid for translational nanomedicine. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:295. [PMID: 35729582 PMCID: PMC9210645 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
With rich carboxyl groups in the side chain, biodegradable polymalic acid (PMLA) is an ideal delivery platform for multifunctional purposes, including imaging diagnosis and targeting therapy. This polymeric material can be obtained via chemical synthesis, or biological production where L-malic acids are polymerized in the presence of PMLA synthetase inside a variety of microorganisms. Fermentative methods have been employed to produce PMLAs from biological sources, and analytical assessments have been established to characterize this natural biopolymer. Further functionalized, PMLA serves as a versatile carrier of pharmaceutically active molecules at nano scale. In this review, we first delineate biosynthesis of PMLA in different microorganisms and compare with its chemical synthesis. We then introduce the biodegradation mechanism PMLA, its upscaled bioproduction together with characterization. After discussing advantages and disadvantages of PMLA as a suitable delivery carrier, and strategies used to functionalize PMLA for disease diagnosis and therapy, we finally summarize the current challenges in the biomedical applications of PMLA and envisage the future role of PMLA in clinical nanomedicine. The biosynthesis of polymalic acid (PMLA) and its biotechnical high-grade production from microorganisms compared with the chemical synthesis of PMLA The physicochemical and biological characteristics of PMLA and its derivatives How PMLA’s general chemical characteristics can be used to generate various macromolecular compounds for pharmaceutical delivery The concepts of biological and clinical targeting exemplified by PMLA-based drugs and imaging agents and their biodistribution and biodegradability An evaluation of the mechanisms that generate preclinical antitumor efficacy and the translational potential for clinical imaging
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Liusheng Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.,Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research On Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhimin Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China. .,Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research On Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
A Review on the Production of C4 Platform Chemicals from Biochemical Conversion of Sugar Crop Processing Products and By-Products. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8050216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development and commercialization of sustainable chemicals from agricultural products and by-products is necessary for a circular economy built on renewable natural resources. Among the largest contributors to the final cost of a biomass conversion product is the cost of the initial biomass feedstock, representing a significant challenge in effective biomass utilization. Another major challenge is in identifying the correct products for development, which must be able to satisfy the need for both low-cost, drop-in fossil fuel replacements and novel, high-value fine chemicals (and/or commodity chemicals). Both challenges can be met by utilizing wastes or by-products from biomass processing, which have very limited starting cost, to yield platform chemicals. Specifically, sugar crop processing (e.g., sugarcane, sugar beet) is a mature industry that produces high volumes of by-products with significant potential for valorization. This review focuses specifically on the production of acetoin (3-hydroxybutanone), 2,3-butanediol, and C4 dicarboxylic (succinic, malic, and fumaric) acids with emphasis on biochemical conversion and targeted upgrading of sugar crop products/by-products. These C4 compounds are easily derived from fermentations and can be converted into many different final products, including food, fragrance, and cosmetic additives, as well as sustainable biofuels and other chemicals. State-of-the-art literature pertaining to optimization strategies for microbial conversion of sugar crop byproducts to C4 chemicals (e.g., bagasse, molasses) is reviewed, along with potential routes for upgrading and valorization. Directions and opportunities for future research and industrial biotechnology development are discussed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu W, Si Z, Zhang H, Wei P, Xu Z. Efficient poly(β-L-malic acid) production from cassava hydrolysate by cell recycle of Aureobasidium pullulans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2855-2868. [PMID: 35445856 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Poly(β-L-malic acid) (PMLA) is a water-soluble, biodegradable, and biocompatible polymer with broad prospective applications and can be hydrolyzed to produce widely used acidulant L-malic acid. In order to meet an increasing demand of PMLA, we employed two effective cell-recycling strategies to produce PMLA from raw cassava hydrolysate by Aureobasidium pullulans ZD-3d. In fed-batch fermentation with raw cassava hydrolysate, 101.9 g/L PMLA was obtained with the productivity and yield of 0.77 g/L/h and 0.40 g/g, respectively. Further, three times of membrane filtration-based cell recycling fermentation was carried out, with a high productivity and yield of 1.04-1.64 g/L/h and 0.5-0.84 g/g achieved, respectively. While harnessing centrifugation-based cell recycling fermentation for five times, the productivity and yield approached 0.98-1.76 g/L/h and 0.78-0.86 g/g, respectively. To our knowledge, the processes showed the highest average PMLA productivity compared with others using low-cost biomass, which offered efficient and economical alternatives for PMLA production. KEY POINTS: • PMLA production from raw cassava hydrolysate by Aureobasidium pullulans was studied • High PMLA productivity and yield were obtained via two cell recycling strategies • The highest average PMLA productivity from low-cost biomass to date was achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.,Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjun Si
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Zhang
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilian Wei
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhinan Xu
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The signaling pathways involved in metabolic regulation and stress responses of the yeast-like fungi Aureobasidium spp. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 55:107898. [PMID: 34974157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aureobasidium spp. can use a wide range of substrates and are widely distributed in different environments, suggesting that they can sense and response to various extracellular signals and be adapted to different environments. It is true that their pullulan, lipid and liamocin biosynthesis and cell growth are regulated by the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway; Polymalate (PMA) and pullulan biosynthesis is controlled by the Ca2+ and TORC1 signaling pathways; the HOG1 signaling pathway determines high osmotic tolerance and high pullulan and liamocin biosynthesis; the Snf1/Mig1 pathway controls glucose repression on pullulan and liamocin biosynthesis; DHN-melanin biosynthesis and stress resistance are regulated by the CWI signaling pathway and TORC1 signaling pathway. In addition, the HSF1 pathway may control cell growth of some novel strains of A. melanogenum at 37 °C. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of high temperature growth and thermotolerance of some novel strains of A. melanogenum and glucose derepression in A. melanogenum TN3-1 are still unclear.
Collapse
|
11
|
Xia J, He J, Xu J, Liu X, Qiu Z, Xu N, Su L. Direct conversion of cheese whey to polymalic acid by mixed culture of Aureobasidium pullulans and permeabilized Kluyveromyces marxianus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125443. [PMID: 34171705 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cheese whey is an abundant and low-cost feedstock with lactose as its main component, but the inability to metabolize lactose prevents Aureobasidium pullulans from using cheese whey directly. In this study, Kluyveromyces marxianus was permeabilized to obtain nonviable but biocatalytic cells for lactose hydrolysis, and the mixed culture of A. pullulans and permeabilized K. marxianus was conducted for polymalic acid (PMA) production from cheese whey. In the mixed culture, PMA titer varied directly to β-galactosidase activity of K. marxianus, but inversely to cell viability of K. marxianus, and ethanol permeabilized K. marxianus was the most compatible with A. pullulans for PMA production. 37.8 g/L PMA was produced in batch fermentation, and PMA titer was increased to 97.3 g/L in fed-batch fermentation, with a productivity of 0.51 g/(L·h) and a yield of 0.56 g/g. This study paved an economical and environmentally friendly way for PMA production from cheese whey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Jianlong He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China.
| | - Jiaxing Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Zhongyang Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Long Su
- College of Food and Biochemical Engineering, Guangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Laibin 546199, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li T, Yang W, Xu X, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zou X. Coproduction of polymalic acid and liamocins from two waste by-products from the xylitol and gluconate industries by Aureobasidium pullulans. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1965-1974. [PMID: 33963907 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The coproduction of polymalic acid (PMA) and liamocins, two important metabolites secreted by Aureobasidium pullulans, from two waste by-products from the xylitol and gluconate industries was investigated in shake flasks and fermentors, confirming that waste xylose mother liquor (WXML) could be utilized as an economical feedstock without any pretreatment. Gluconate could strengthen carbon flux and NADPH supply for the synergetic biosynthesis of PMA and liamocins. High PMA and liamocin titers of 82.9 ± 2.1 and 28.3 ± 2.7 g/L, respectively, were obtained from the coupled WXML and waste gluconate mother liquor (WGML) in batch fermentation, with yields of 0.84 and 0.25 g/g, respectively. These results are comparable to those obtained from renewable feedstocks. Economic assessment of the process revealed that PMA and liamocins could be coproduced from two by-products at costs of $1.48/kg or $0.67/kg (with liamocins credit), offering an economic and sustainable process for the application of waste by-products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianfu Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tian Sheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tian Sheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingran Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tian Sheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Auhui Sealong Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 6 Jinchong Road, Bengbu, 233316, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Guanggu 1st road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430205, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tian Sheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qi CY, Jia SL, Liu GL, Chen L, Wei X, Hu Z, Chi ZM, Chi Z. Polymalate (PMA) biosynthesis and its molecular regulation in Aureobasidium spp. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 174:512-518. [PMID: 33548308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been well documented that different strains of Aureobasidium spp. can synthesize and secrete over 30.0 g/L of polymalate (PMA) and the produced PMA has many potential applications in biomaterial, medical and food industries. The substrates for PMA biosynthesis include glucose, xylose, fructose, sucrose and glucose or fructose or xylose or sucrose-containing natural materials from industrial and agricultural wastes. Malate, the only monomer for PMA biosynthesis mainly comes from TCA cycle, cytosolic reduction TCA pathway and the glyoxylate cycle. The PMA synthetase (a NRPS) containing A like domain, T domain and C like domain is responsible for polymerization of malate into PMA molecules by formation of ester bonds between malates. PMA biosynthesis is regulated by the transcriptional activator Crz1 from Ca2+ signaling pathway, the GATA-type transcription factor Gat1 from nitrogen catabolite repression and the GATA-type transcription factor NsdD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Yan Qi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China
| | - Shu-Lei Jia
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China
| | - Guang-Lei Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266003, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Wei
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhong Hu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Chi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266003, China
| | - Zhe Chi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Zou X, Li S, Wang P, Li B, Feng Y, Yang ST. Sustainable production and biomedical application of polymalic acid from renewable biomass and food processing wastes. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 41:216-228. [PMID: 33153315 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1844632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymalic acid (PMA), a homopolymer of L-malic acid (MA) generated from a yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans, has unique properties and many applications in food, biomedical, and environmental fields. Acid hydrolysis of PMA, releasing the monomer MA, has become a novel process for the production of bio-based MA, which currently is produced by chemical synthesis using petroleum-derived feedstocks. Recently, current researches attempted to develop economically competitive process for PMA and MA production from renewable biomass feedstocks. Compared to lignocellulosic biomass, PMA and MA production from low-value food processing wastes or by-products, generated from corn, sugarcane, or soybean refinery industries, showed more economical and sustainable for developing a MA derivatives platform from biomass biorefinery to chemical conversion. In the review, we compared the process feasibility for PMA fermentation with lignocellulosic biomass and food process wastes. Some useful strategies for metabolic engineering are summarized. Its changeable applicability and future prospects in food and biomedical fields are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Pan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Bingqin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Biosynthetic Polymalic Acid as a Delivery Nanoplatform for Translational Cancer Medicine. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 46:213-224. [PMID: 33268216 PMCID: PMC7580597 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Poly(β-L-malic acid) (PMLA) is a natural polyester produced by numerous microorganisms. Regarding its biosynthetic machinery, a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) is proposed to direct polymerization of L-malic acid in vivo. Chemically versatile and biologically compatible, PMLA can be used as an ideal carrier for several molecules, including nucleotides, proteins, chemotherapeutic drugs, and imaging agents, and can deliver multimodal theranostics through biological barriers such as the blood–brain barrier. We focus on PMLA biosynthesis in microorganisms, summarize the physicochemical and physiochemical characteristics of PMLA as a naturally derived polymeric delivery platform at nanoscale, and highlight the attachment of functional groups to enhance cancer detection and treatment.
Collapse
|
17
|
A sustainable pH shift control strategy for efficient production of β-poly(L-malic acid) with CaCO3 addition by Aureobasidium pullulans ipe-1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8691-8703. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10815-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
18
|
Wang K, Chi Z, Liu GL, Qi CY, Jiang H, Hu Z, Chi ZM. A novel PMA synthetase is the key enzyme for polymalate biosynthesis and its gene is regulated by a calcium signaling pathway in Aureobasidium melanogenum ATCC62921. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:1053-1063. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
19
|
Zhang L, Che Z, Xu W, Yue P, Li R, Li Y, Pei X, Zeng P. Dynamics of physicochemical factors and microbial communities during ripening fermentation of Pixian Doubanjiang, a typical condiment in Chinese cuisine. Food Microbiol 2020; 86:103342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
20
|
Vavricka CJ, Hasunuma T, Kondo A. Dynamic Metabolomics for Engineering Biology: Accelerating Learning Cycles for Bioproduction. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:68-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
21
|
Harnessing microbial metabolomics for industrial applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 36:1. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
22
|
Feng J, Li T, Zhang X, Chen J, Zhao T, Zou X. Efficient production of polymalic acid from xylose mother liquor, an environmental waste from the xylitol industry, by a T-DNA-based mutant of Aureobasidium pullulans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6519-6527. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09974-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
23
|
Zhang Y, Feng J, Wang P, Xia J, Li X, Zou X. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated efficient genome editing via protoplast-based transformation in yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans. Gene 2019; 709:8-16. [PMID: 31132514 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Aureobasidium pullulans, a yeast-like fungus with strong environmental adaptability, remains a potential host for bio-production of different valuable metabolites. However, its potential application is limited by low-efficient genetic manipulation. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing via protoplast-based transformation system was developed. To test CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genomic mutagenesis, the orotidine 5-phosphate decarboxylase (umps) gene was used as a counter-selectable selection marker. By co-transforming of two plasmids harboring cas9 gene and a guide RNA targeting umps, respectively, the CRISPR/Cas9 system could significantly increase frequency of mutation in the targeting site of guide RNA. To further validate that CRISPR/Cas9 stimulated homologous recombination with donor DNA, a color reporter system of beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene was developed for calculating positive mutation rate. The results showed that positive mutation rate with CRISPR/Cas9 system was ~40% significantly higher than only with the donor DNA (~4%). Furthermore, the different posttranscriptional RNA processing schemes were analyzed by compared the effects of flanking gRNA with self-cleaving ribozymes or tRNA. The result demonstrated that gRNA processed by self-cleaving ribozymes achieves higher positive mutant rate. This study provided foundation for a simple and powerful genome editing tool for A. pullulans. Moreover, a counter-selectable selection marker (umps) and a color reporter system (gus) were being developed as genetic parts for strain engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Jun Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Pan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Jun Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Xiang Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zou X, Li T, Zhang X, Li H, Wang B. Optimization of the status of cell growth guided by an on-line biomass sensor for polymalic acid fermentation. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
25
|
Zou X, Cheng C, Feng J, Song X, Lin M, Yang ST. Biosynthesis of polymalic acid in fermentation: advances and prospects for industrial application. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:408-421. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1571008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chi Cheng
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jun Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Meng Lin
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The saprophytic yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans has been well documented for over 60 years in the microbiological literature. It is ubiquitous in distribution, being found in a variety of environments (plant surfaces, soil, water, rock surfaces and manmade surfaces), and with a worldwide distribution from cold to warm climates and wet/humid regions to arid ones. Isolates and strains of A. pullulans produce a wide range of natural products well documented in the international literature and which have been regarded as safe for biotechnological and environmental applications. Showing antagonistic activity against plant pathogens (especially post-harvest pathogens) is one of the major applications currently in agriculture of the fungus, with nutrient and space competition, production of volatile organic compounds, and production of hydrolytic enzymes and antimicrobial compounds (antibacterial and antifungal). The fungus also shows a positive role on mycotoxin biocontrol through various modes, with the most striking being that of binding and/or absorption. A. pullulans strains have been reported to produce very useful industrial enzymes, such as β-glucosidase, amylases, cellulases, lipases, proteases, xylanases and mannanases. Pullulan (poly-α-1,6-maltotriose biopolymer) is an A. pullulans trademark product with significant properties and biotechnological applications in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Poly (β-l-malic acid), or PMA, which is a natural biopolyester, and liamocins, a group of produced heavy oils and siderophores, are among other valuable compounds detected that are of possible biotechnological use. The fungus also shows a potential single-cell protein source capacity with high levels of nucleic acid components and essential amino acids, but this remains to be further explored. Last but not least, the fungus has shown very good biocontrol against aerial plant pathogens. All these properties are of major interest in the vitivinicultural sector and are thoroughly reviewed under this prism, concluding on the importance that A. pullulans may have if used at both vineyard and winery levels. This extensive array of properties provides excellent tools for the viticulturist/farmer as well as for the oenologist to combat problems in the field and create a high-quality wine.
Collapse
|