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Shi M, Evans CA, McQuillan JL, Noirel J, Pandhal J. LFQRatio: A Normalization Method to Decipher Quantitative Proteome Changes in Microbial Coculture Systems. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:999-1013. [PMID: 38354288 PMCID: PMC10913063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The value of synthetic microbial communities in biotechnology is gaining traction due to their ability to undertake more complex metabolic tasks than monocultures. However, a thorough understanding of strain interactions, productivity, and stability is often required to optimize growth and scale up cultivation. Quantitative proteomics can provide valuable insights into how microbial strains adapt to changing conditions in biomanufacturing. However, current workflows and methodologies are not suitable for simple artificial coculture systems where strain ratios are dynamic. Here, we established a workflow for coculture proteomics using an exemplar system containing two members, Azotobacter vinelandii and Synechococcus elongatus. Factors affecting the quantitative accuracy of coculture proteomics were investigated, including peptide physicochemical characteristics such as molecular weight, isoelectric point, hydrophobicity, and dynamic range as well as factors relating to protein identification such as varying proteome size and shared peptides between species. Different quantification methods based on spectral counts and intensity were evaluated at the protein and cell level. We propose a new normalization method, named "LFQRatio", to reflect the relative contributions of two distinct cell types emerging from cell ratio changes during cocultivation. LFQRatio can be applied to real coculture proteomics experiments, providing accurate insights into quantitative proteome changes in each strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxun Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Caroline A Evans
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Josie L McQuillan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Josselin Noirel
- GBCM Laboratory (EA7528), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, HESAM Université, 2 rue Conté, Paris 75003, France
| | - Jagroop Pandhal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
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2
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Babele PK, Srivastava A, Young JD. Metabolic flux phenotyping of secondary metabolism in cyanobacteria. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:1118-1130. [PMID: 37331829 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria generate energy from photosynthesis and produce various secondary metabolites with diverse commercial and pharmaceutical applications. Unique metabolic and regulatory pathways in cyanobacteria present new challenges for researchers to enhance their product yields, titers, and rates. Therefore, further advancements are critically needed to establish cyanobacteria as a preferred bioproduction platform. Metabolic flux analysis (MFA) quantitatively determines the intracellular flows of carbon within complex biochemical networks, which elucidate the control of metabolic pathways by transcriptional, translational, and allosteric regulatory mechanisms. The emerging field of systems metabolic engineering (SME) involves the use of MFA and other omics technologies to guide the rational development of microbial production strains. This review highlights the potential of MFA and SME to optimize the production of cyanobacterial secondary metabolites and discusses the technical challenges that lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyoosh K Babele
- College of Agriculture, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University Jhansi, 284003, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Amit Srivastava
- University of Jyväskylä, Nanoscience Centre, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jamey D Young
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351604, Nashville, TN 37235-1604, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351604, Nashville, TN 37235-1604, USA.
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3
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Santos-Merino M, Gargantilla-Becerra Á, de la Cruz F, Nogales J. Highlighting the potential of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 as platform to produce α-linolenic acid through an updated genome-scale metabolic modeling. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1126030. [PMID: 36998399 PMCID: PMC10043229 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1126030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic organisms that capture energy from sunlight using oxygenic photosynthesis and transform CO2 into products of interest such as fatty acids. Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 is a model cyanobacterium efficiently engineered to accumulate high levels of omega-3 fatty acids. However, its exploitation as a microbial cell factory requires a better knowledge of its metabolism, which can be approached by using systems biology tools. To fulfill this objective, we worked out an updated, more comprehensive, and functional genome-scale model of this freshwater cyanobacterium, which was termed iMS837. The model includes 837 genes, 887 reactions, and 801 metabolites. When compared with previous models of S. elongatus PCC 7942, iMS837 is more complete in key physiological and biotechnologically relevant metabolic hubs, such as fatty acid biosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, photosynthesis, and transport, among others. iMS837 shows high accuracy when predicting growth performance and gene essentiality. The validated model was further used as a test-bed for the assessment of suitable metabolic engineering strategies, yielding superior production of non-native omega-3 fatty acids such as α-linolenic acid (ALA). As previously reported, the computational analysis demonstrated that fabF overexpression is a feasible metabolic target to increase ALA production, whereas deletion and overexpression of fabH cannot be used for this purpose. Flux scanning based on enforced objective flux, a strain-design algorithm, allowed us to identify not only previously known gene overexpression targets that improve fatty acid synthesis, such as Acetyl-CoA carboxylase and β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase I, but also novel potential targets that might lead to higher ALA yields. Systematic sampling of the metabolic space contained in iMS837 identified a set of ten additional knockout metabolic targets that resulted in higher ALA productions. In silico simulations under photomixotrophic conditions with acetate or glucose as a carbon source boosted ALA production levels, indicating that photomixotrophic nutritional regimens could be potentially exploited in vivo to improve fatty acid production in cyanobacteria. Overall, we show that iMS837 is a powerful computational platform that proposes new metabolic engineering strategies to produce biotechnologically relevant compounds, using S. elongatus PCC 7942 as non-conventional microbial cell factory.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Santos-Merino
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria—CSIC, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
- *Correspondence: María Santos-Merino,
| | - Álvaro Gargantilla-Becerra
- Department of Systems Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando de la Cruz
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria—CSIC, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Juan Nogales
- Department of Systems Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Juan Nogales,
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4
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Satta A, Esquirol L, Ebert BE. Current Metabolic Engineering Strategies for Photosynthetic Bioproduction in Cyanobacteria. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020455. [PMID: 36838420 PMCID: PMC9964548 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms capable of using solar energy to convert CO2 and H2O into O2 and energy-rich organic compounds, thus enabling sustainable production of a wide range of bio-products. More and more strains of cyanobacteria are identified that show great promise as cell platforms for the generation of bioproducts. However, strain development is still required to optimize their biosynthesis and increase titers for industrial applications. This review describes the most well-known, newest and most promising strains available to the community and gives an overview of current cyanobacterial biotechnology and the latest innovative strategies used for engineering cyanobacteria. We summarize advanced synthetic biology tools for modulating gene expression and their use in metabolic pathway engineering to increase the production of value-added compounds, such as terpenoids, fatty acids and sugars, to provide a go-to source for scientists starting research in cyanobacterial metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Satta
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Lygie Esquirol
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Natha, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Birgitta E. Ebert
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Liu X, Luo H, Yu D, Tan J, Yuan J, Li H. Synthetic biology promotes the capture of CO2 to produce fatty acid derivatives in microbial cell factories. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:124. [PMID: 38647643 PMCID: PMC10992411 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental problems such as greenhouse effect, the consumption of fossil energy, and the increase of human demand for energy are becoming more and more serious, which force researcher to turn their attention to the reduction of CO2 and the development of renewable energy. Unsafety, easy to lead to secondary environmental pollution, cost inefficiency, and other problems limit the development of conventional CO2 capture technology. In recent years, many microorganisms have attracted much attention to capture CO2 and synthesize valuable products directly. Fatty acid derivatives (e.g., fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, and aliphatic hydrocarbons), which can be used as a kind of environmentally friendly and renewable biofuels, are sustainable substitutes for fossil energy. In this review, conventional CO2 capture techniques pathways, microbial CO2 concentration mechanisms and fixation pathways were introduced. Then, the metabolic pathway and progress of direct production of fatty acid derivatives from CO2 in microbial cell factories were discussed. The synthetic biology means used to design engineering microorganisms and optimize their metabolic pathways were depicted, with final discussion on the potential of optoelectronic-microbial integrated capture and production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Liu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insects of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Hangyu Luo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insects of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Dayong Yu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insects of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jinyu Tan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Junfa Yuan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hu Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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6
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Agarwal P, Soni R, Kaur P, Madan A, Mishra R, Pandey J, Singh S, Singh G. Cyanobacteria as a Promising Alternative for Sustainable Environment: Synthesis of Biofuel and Biodegradable Plastics. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:939347. [PMID: 35903468 PMCID: PMC9325326 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.939347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim to alleviate the increasing plastic burden and carbon footprint on Earth, the role of certain microbes that are capable of capturing and sequestering excess carbon dioxide (CO2) generated by various anthropogenic means was studied. Cyanobacteria, which are photosynthetic prokaryotes, are promising alternative for carbon sequestration as well as biofuel and bioplastic production because of their minimal growth requirements, higher efficiency of photosynthesis and growth rates, presence of considerable amounts of lipids in thylakoid membranes, and cosmopolitan nature. These microbes could prove beneficial to future generations in achieving sustainable environmental goals. Their role in the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as a source of intracellular energy and carbon sink is being utilized for bioplastic production. PHAs have emerged as well-suited alternatives for conventional plastics and are a parallel competitor to petrochemical-based plastics. Although a lot of studies have been conducted where plants and crops are used as sources of energy and bioplastics, cyanobacteria have been reported to have a more efficient photosynthetic process strongly responsible for increased production with limited land input along with an acceptable cost. The biodiesel production from cyanobacteria is an unconventional choice for a sustainable future as it curtails toxic sulfur release and checks the addition of aromatic hydrocarbons having efficient oxygen content, with promising combustion potential, thus making them a better choice. Here, we aim at reporting the application of cyanobacteria for biofuel production and their competent biotechnological potential, along with achievements and constraints in its pathway toward commercial benefits. This review article also highlights the role of various cyanobacterial species that are a source of green and clean energy along with their high potential in the production of biodegradable plastics.
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7
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Santos-Merino M, Gutiérrez-Lanza R, Nogales J, García JL, de la Cruz F. Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 as a Platform for Bioproduction of Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060810. [PMID: 35743841 PMCID: PMC9224711 DOI: 10.3390/life12060810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-linolenic acid and stearidonic acid are precursors of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, essential nutrients in the human diet. The ability of cyanobacteria to directly convert atmospheric carbon dioxide into bio-based compounds makes them promising microbial chassis to sustainably produce omega-3 fatty acids. However, their potential in this area remains unexploited, mainly due to important gaps in our knowledge of fatty acid synthesis pathways. To gain insight into the cyanobacterial fatty acid biosynthesis pathways, we analyzed two enzymes involved in the elongation cycle, FabG and FabZ, in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. Overexpression of these two enzymes led to an increase in C18 fatty acids, key intermediates in omega-3 fatty acid production. Nevertheless, coexpression of these enzymes with desaturases DesA and DesB from Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 did not improve alpha-linolenic acid production, possibly due to their limited role in fatty acid synthesis. In any case, efficient production of stearidonic acid was not achieved by cloning DesD from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in combination with the aforementioned DesA and DesB, reaching maximum production at 48 h post induction. According to current knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that S. elongatus PCC 7942 can be used as an autotrophic chassis to produce stearidonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Santos-Merino
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria—CSIC, 39011 Santander, Spain; (R.G.-L.); (F.d.l.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Raquel Gutiérrez-Lanza
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria—CSIC, 39011 Santander, Spain; (R.G.-L.); (F.d.l.C.)
| | - Juan Nogales
- Department of Systems Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy, Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José Luis García
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy, Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando de la Cruz
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria—CSIC, 39011 Santander, Spain; (R.G.-L.); (F.d.l.C.)
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8
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Yunus IS, Anfelt J, Sporre E, Miao R, Hudson EP, Jones PR. Synthetic metabolic pathways for conversion of CO2 into secreted short-to medium-chain hydrocarbons using cyanobacteria. Metab Eng 2022; 72:14-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Wu C, Hong B, Jiang S, Luo X, Lin H, Zhou Y, Wu J, Yue X, Shi H, Wu R. Recent advances on essential fatty acid biosynthesis and production: Clarifying the roles of Δ12/Δ15 fatty acid desaturase. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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10
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Yu King Hing N, Aryal UK, Morgan JA. Probing Light-Dependent Regulation of the Calvin Cycle Using a Multi-Omics Approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:733122. [PMID: 34671374 PMCID: PMC8521058 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.733122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photoautotrophic microorganisms are increasingly explored for the conversion of atmospheric carbon dioxide into biomass and valuable products. The Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle is the primary metabolic pathway for net CO2 fixation within oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. The cyanobacteria, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, is a model organism for the study of photosynthesis and a platform for many metabolic engineering efforts. The CBB cycle is regulated by complex mechanisms including enzymatic abundance, intracellular metabolite concentrations, energetic cofactors and post-translational enzymatic modifications that depend on the external conditions such as the intensity and quality of light. However, the extent to which each of these mechanisms play a role under different light intensities remains unclear. In this work, we conducted non-targeted proteomics in tandem with isotopically non-stationary metabolic flux analysis (INST-MFA) at four different light intensities to determine the extent to which fluxes within the CBB cycle are controlled by enzymatic abundance. The correlation between specific enzyme abundances and their corresponding reaction fluxes is examined, revealing several enzymes with uncorrelated enzyme abundance and their corresponding flux, suggesting flux regulation by mechanisms other than enzyme abundance. Additionally, the kinetics of 13C labeling of CBB cycle intermediates and estimated inactive pool sizes varied significantly as a function of light intensity suggesting the presence of metabolite channeling, an additional method of flux regulation. These results highlight the importance of the diverse methods of regulation of CBB enzyme activity as a function of light intensity, and highlights the importance of considering these effects in future kinetic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaphon Yu King Hing
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Uma K. Aryal
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - John A. Morgan
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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11
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Sadvakasova AK, Kossalbayev BD, Zayadan BK, Kirbayeva DK, Alwasel S, Allakhverdiev SI. Potential of cyanobacteria in the conversion of wastewater to biofuels. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:140. [PMID: 34278541 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental and energy security has now become a serious global problem, requiring a lot of research to find and implement its cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives. The development and use of renewable energy sources is necessary and important in order to avoid the emergence of a global economic crisis. One of the solution to prevent a future crisis caused by energy shortages is to introduce biofuels into the fuel market. Despite the fact that various forms of renewable energy are currently used, the prospects for the production of biofuels from cyanobacteria are quite high due to their unique properties, such as a high lipid content and a suitable fatty acid (FA) composition for the production of biofuels, their suitability for growing open water and the ability to grow on wastewater. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential of cyanobacteria in the conversion of wastewater into biofuels. The article covers comparative data on the accumulation of lipids and the content of fatty acids in various representatives of cyanobacteria and their possibilities in the remediation of wastewater. Various approaches to the extraction of lipids from phototrophic microorganisms that are currently available, their advantages and disadvantages, and the results of the monitoring of the main key points of the development of the technology for converting cyanobacterial biomass into biofuels, with an emphasis on the existing barriers, effects and solutions, are also considered. Further research in this field is required for the successful implementation of this technology on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asemgul K Sadvakasova
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, 050038, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Bekzhan D Kossalbayev
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, 050038, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Bolatkhan K Zayadan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, 050038, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Dariga K Kirbayeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, 050038, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, 050038, Almaty, Kazakhstan. .,Controlled Photobiosynthesis Laboratory, Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276. .,Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12372, Saudi Arabia.
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12
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13
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Jovanovic S, Dietrich D, Becker J, Kohlstedt M, Wittmann C. Microbial production of polyunsaturated fatty acids - high-value ingredients for aquafeed, superfoods, and pharmaceuticals. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 69:199-211. [PMID: 33540327 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), primarily docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have received worldwide attention in recent years due to an increasing awareness of their uniqueness in improving diet and human health and their apparently inevitable shortage in global availability. Microbial cell factories are a major solution to supplying these precious molecules in sufficient amounts and providing PUFA-rich aquafeed, superfoods, and medical formulations. This review assesses the PUFA world markets and highlights recent advances in upgrading and streamlining microalgae, yeasts, fungi, and bacteria for high-level PUFA production and broadening of the PUFA spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofija Jovanovic
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Universität des Saarlandes, Germany
| | - Demian Dietrich
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Universität des Saarlandes, Germany
| | - Judith Becker
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Universität des Saarlandes, Germany
| | - Michael Kohlstedt
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Universität des Saarlandes, Germany
| | - Christoph Wittmann
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Universität des Saarlandes, Germany.
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14
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Liu Y, Benitez MG, Chen J, Harrison E, Khusnutdinova AN, Mahadevan R. Opportunities and Challenges for Microbial Synthesis of Fatty Acid-Derived Chemicals (FACs). Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:613322. [PMID: 33575251 PMCID: PMC7870715 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.613322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming and uneven distribution of fossil fuels worldwide concerns have spurred the development of alternative, renewable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly resources. From an engineering perspective, biosynthesis of fatty acid-derived chemicals (FACs) is an attractive and promising solution to produce chemicals from abundant renewable feedstocks and carbon dioxide in microbial chassis. However, several factors limit the viability of this process. This review first summarizes the types of FACs and their widely applications. Next, we take a deep look into the microbial platform to produce FACs, give an outlook for the platform development. Then we discuss the bottlenecks in metabolic pathways and supply possible solutions correspondingly. Finally, we highlight the most recent advances in the fast-growing model-based strain design for FACs biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mauricio Garcia Benitez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jinjin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emma Harrison
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anna N. Khusnutdinova
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Radhakrishnan Mahadevan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Williams KM, Wang H, Paulsen MJ, Thakore AD, Rieck M, Lucian HJ, Grady F, Hironaka CE, Chien AJ, Farry JM, Shin HS, Jaatinen KJ, Eskandari A, Stapleton LM, Steele AN, Cohen JE, Woo YJ. Safety of photosynthetic Synechococcus elongatus for in vivo cyanobacteria-mammalian symbiotic therapeutics. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1780-1792. [PMID: 32476224 PMCID: PMC7533327 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus (SE) has been shown to rescue ischaemic heart muscle after myocardial infarction by photosynthetic oxygen production. Here, we investigated SE toxicity and hypothesized that systemic SE exposure does not elicit a significant immune response in rats. Wistar rats intravenously received SE (n = 12), sterile saline (n = 12) or E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, n = 4), and a subset (8 SE, 8 saline) received a repeat injection 4 weeks later. At baseline, 4 h, 24 h, 48 h, 8 days and 4 weeks after injection, clinical assessments, blood cultures, blood counts, lymphocyte phenotypes, liver function tests, proinflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulins were assessed. Across all metrics, SE rats responded comparably to saline controls, displaying no clinically significant immune response. As expected, LPS rats exhibited severe immunological responses. Systemic SE administration does not induce sepsis or toxicity in rats, thereby supporting the safety of cyanobacteria-mammalian symbiotic therapeutics using this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiah M. Williams
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Hanjay Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Michael J. Paulsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Akshara D. Thakore
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Mary Rieck
- Beckman Center for Molecular and Genetic MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Haley J. Lucian
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Frederick Grady
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Camille E. Hironaka
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Athena J. Chien
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Justin M. Farry
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Hye Sook Shin
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Kevin J. Jaatinen
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Anahita Eskandari
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Lyndsay M. Stapleton
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
- Department of BioengineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Amanda N. Steele
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
- Department of BioengineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Jeffrey E. Cohen
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Y. Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Falk Cardiovascular Research BuildingStanfordCA94305USA
- Department of BioengineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
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16
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Liu D, Liberton M, Hendry JI, Aminian-Dehkordi J, Maranas CD, Pakrasi HB. Engineering biology approaches for food and nutrient production by cyanobacteria. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 67:1-6. [PMID: 33129046 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As photoautotrophic organisms, cyanobacteria capture and store solar energy in the form of biomass. Cyanobacterial biomass has been an important component of diet and nutrition in several regions for centuries. Synthetic biology strategies are currently being applied to increase the yield and productivity of cyanobacterial biomass by optimizing solar energy utilization and CO2 fixation rates for carbon storage. Likewise, engineering cyanobacteria as cellular factories to synthesize carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, lipids and fatty acids is providing an attractive way to sustainably produce food and nutrients for human consumption. In this review, we have summarized recent progress in both aspects and prospective trends under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Liu
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Michelle Liberton
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - John I Hendry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Javad Aminian-Dehkordi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Costas D Maranas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Himadri B Pakrasi
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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de Oliveira DT, da Costa AAF, Costa FF, da Rocha Filho GN, do Nascimento LAS. Advances in the Biotechnological Potential of Brazilian Marine Microalgae and Cyanobacteria. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122908. [PMID: 32599827 PMCID: PMC7356545 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due the worldwide need to improve care for the environment and people, there is a great demand for the development of new renewable, sustainable, and less polluting technologies for food, health, and environmental industries. The marine environment is one of the main areas investigated in the search for alternatives to the raw materials currently used. Thereby, cyanobacteria and marine microalgae are microorganisms that are capable of producing a diverse range of metabolites useful for their cellular maintenance, but that also represent a great biotechnological potential. Due its great potential, they have an enormous appeal in the scientific research where, the biological activity of metabolites produced by these microorganisms, such as the antioxidant action of sterols are, some examples of biotechnological applications investigated around the world. Thereby, Brazil due to its extensive biodiversity, has high potential as a raw material supplier of marine waters, researching cyanobacteria and microalgae metabolites and their applications. Thus, this rapid review intends to present some important contributions and advances from Brazilian researchers, using the biomass of Brazilian cyanobacteria and marine microalgae, in order to illustrate the value of what has already been discovered and the enormous potential of what remains unexplored so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Terra de Oliveira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Graduation Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
- Laboratory of Oils of the Amazon, Universidade Federal do Pará, Perimetral Avenue, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-750, Brazil; (A.A.F.d.C.); (G.N.d.R.F.)
- Correspondence: (D.T.d.O.); (L.A.S.d.N.); Tel.: +55-919-8171-4947
| | - Ana Alice Farias da Costa
- Laboratory of Oils of the Amazon, Universidade Federal do Pará, Perimetral Avenue, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-750, Brazil; (A.A.F.d.C.); (G.N.d.R.F.)
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Graduation Program in Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Fernandes Costa
- Campus of Salinópolis, Universidade Federal do Pará, Salinópolis, Pará, CEP 68721-000, Brazil;
| | - Geraldo Narciso da Rocha Filho
- Laboratory of Oils of the Amazon, Universidade Federal do Pará, Perimetral Avenue, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-750, Brazil; (A.A.F.d.C.); (G.N.d.R.F.)
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Graduation Program in Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Luís Adriano Santos do Nascimento
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Graduation Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
- Laboratory of Oils of the Amazon, Universidade Federal do Pará, Perimetral Avenue, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-750, Brazil; (A.A.F.d.C.); (G.N.d.R.F.)
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Graduation Program in Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
- Correspondence: (D.T.d.O.); (L.A.S.d.N.); Tel.: +55-919-8171-4947
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Poole LB, Parsonage D, Sergeant S, Miller LR, Lee J, Furdui CM, Chilton FH. Acyl-lipid desaturases and Vipp1 cooperate in cyanobacteria to produce novel omega-3 PUFA-containing glycolipids. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:83. [PMID: 32399061 PMCID: PMC7203895 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary omega-3 (n-3), long chain (LC-, ≥ 20 carbons), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) derived largely from marine animal sources protect against inflammatory processes and enhance brain development and function. With the depletion of natural stocks of marine animal sources and an increasing demand for n-3 LC-PUFAs, alternative, sustainable supplies are urgently needed. As a result, n-3 18-carbon and LC-PUFAs are being generated from plant or algal sources, either by engineering new biosynthetic pathways or by augmenting existing systems. RESULTS We utilized an engineered plasmid encoding two cyanobacterial acyl-lipid desaturases (DesB and DesD, encoding Δ15 and Δ6 desaturases, respectively) and "vesicle-inducing protein in plastids" (Vipp1) to induce production of stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4 n-3) at high levels in three strains of cyanobacteria (10, 17 and 27% of total lipids in Anabaena sp. PCC7120, Synechococcus sp. PCC7002, and Leptolyngbya sp. strain BL0902, respectively). Lipidomic analysis revealed that in addition to SDA, the rare anti-inflammatory n-3 LC-PUFA eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA, 20:4 n-3) was synthesized in these engineered strains, and ~ 99% of SDA and ETA was complexed to bioavailable monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) species. Importantly, novel molecular species containing alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), SDA and/or ETA in both acyl positions of MGDG and DGDG were observed in the engineered Leptolyngbya and Synechococcus strains, suggesting that these could provide a rich source of anti-inflammatory molecules. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this technology utilizes solar energy, consumes carbon dioxide, and produces large amounts of nutritionally important n-3 PUFAs and LC-PUFAs. Importantly, it can generate previously undescribed, highly bioavailable, anti-inflammatory galactosyl lipids. This technology could therefore be transformative in protecting ocean fisheries and augmenting the nutritional quality of human and animal food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie B. Poole
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
- Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Derek Parsonage
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
- Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Susan Sergeant
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Leslie R. Miller
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
- Present Address: 139 N St. Patrick St., New Orleans, LA 70119 USA
| | - Jingyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Cristina M. Furdui
- Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Floyd H. Chilton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
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19
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Wang L, Chen L, Yang S, Tan X. Photosynthetic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Oleochemicals by Cyanobacteria: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:634. [PMID: 32362881 PMCID: PMC7181335 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable production of biofuels and biochemicals has been broadly accepted as a solution to lower carbon dioxide emissions. Besides being used as lubricants or detergents, oleochemicals are also attractive biofuels as they are compatible with existing transport infrastructures. Cyanobacteria are autotrophic prokaryotes possessing photosynthetic abilities with mature genetic manipulation systems. Through the introduction of exogenous or the modification of intrinsic metabolic pathways, cyanobacteria have been engineered to produce various bio-chemicals and biofuels over the past decade. In this review, we specifically summarize recent progress on photosynthetic production of fatty acids, fatty alcohols, fatty alk(a/e)nes, and fatty acid esters by genetically engineered cyanobacteria. We also summarize recent reports on fatty acid and lipid metabolisms of cyanobacteria and provide perspectives for economic cyanobacterial oleochemical production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shihui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoming Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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20
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Peng Z, Miao X. Monoglucosyldiacylglycerol participates in phosphate stress adaptation in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 522:662-668. [PMID: 31787233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial monoglucosyldiacylglycerol (MGlcDG) not only serves as a precursor for monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) synthesis, but also participates in stress acclimation. Two genes (mgdA and mgdE) related to MGDG synthesis of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 were identified. The mgdE-suppressed mutant (AE) accumulated MGlcDG (4.2%) and showed better growth and photosynthetic activities compared with WT and other mutants (mgdA/mgdE-overexpressed and mgdA-suppressed strains), which suggested that MGlcDG was involved in phosphate stress adaptation for Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. A notable increase in contents of 18:1 fatty acid (FA) of MGDG (127%), DGDG (68%), and SQDG (105%) in AE were found under phosphate starvation. However, the expression of △9 desaturase (desC) was not higher in AE than that in WT during phosphate-starved period. These results suggested that MGlcDG might be involved in the process of FA desaturation, which contributed to membrane fluidity and cell basic metabolism for stress acclimation in cyanobacteria. In complementary experiments of E. coli, although the expression of mgdA and desC in the mgdA and desC coexpressed strain (OEAC) reduced by 22% and 35% compared with that of the strains only overexpressing mgdA (OEA) or desC (OEC), the content of unsaturated FA in OEAC was the highest. This further implied that the accumulation of MGlcDG could prompt FA desaturation in E. coli. Therefore, we propose that an overproduction of MGlcDG is responsible for FA desaturation and participates in phosphate stress adaptation in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Xiaoling Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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21
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Lin WR, Tan SI, Hsiang CC, Sung PK, Ng IS. Challenges and opportunity of recent genome editing and multi-omics in cyanobacteria and microalgae for biorefinery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121932. [PMID: 31387837 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae and cyanobacteria are easy to culture, with higher growth rates and photosynthetic efficiencies compared to terrestrial plants, and thus generating higher productivity. The concept of microalgal biorefinery is to assimilate carbon dioxide and convert it to chemical energy/value-added products, such as vitamins, carotenoids, fatty acids, proteins and nucleic acids, to be applied in bioenergy, health foods, aquaculture feed, pharmaceutical and medical fields. Therefore, microalgae are annotated as the third generation feedstock in bioenergy and biorefinery. In past decades, many studies thrived to improve the carbon sequestration efficiency as well as enhance value-added compounds from different algae, especially via genetic engineering, synthetic biology, metabolic design and regulation. From the traditional Agrobacterium-mediated transformation DNA to novel CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) technology applied in microalgae and cyanobacteria, this review has highlighted the genome editing technology for biorefinery that is a highly environmental friendly trend to sustainable and renewable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Way-Rong Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-I Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chuan-Chieh Hsiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Kuei Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC.
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22
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Atikij T, Syaputri Y, Iwahashi H, Praneenararat T, Sirisattha S, Kageyama H, Waditee-Sirisattha R. Enhanced Lipid Production and Molecular Dynamics under Salinity Stress in Green Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (137C). Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17080484. [PMID: 31434347 PMCID: PMC6722929 DOI: 10.3390/md17080484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal lipids are a source of valuable nutritional ingredients in biotechnological industries, and are precursors to biodiesel production. Here, the effects of salt-induced stresses, including NaCl, KCl, and LiCl stresses, on the production of lipid in green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (137c) were investigated. NaCl stress dramatically increased saturated fatty acids (SFAs), which accounted for 70.2% of the fatty acid methyl ester (FAMEs) under stress. In contrary, KCl stress led to a slight increase in SFAs (47.05%) with the remaining being polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (45.77%). RT-PCR analysis revealed that the genes involved in FA biosynthesis, such as PDH2, ACCase, MAT and KAS2, were up-regulated by NaCl-induced stress. Conversely, the genes responsible for the Kennedy pathway were suppressed. The alteration of FA homeostasis was further assessed by overexpressing MAT, the enzyme responsible for the production of malonyl-ACP, a key building block for FA biosynthesis, in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. Intracellular FA composition was affected, with a predominant synthesis of SFAs in transformed cells. Owing to the diversity and relative abundance of SFAs, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFAs) and PUFAs enable the feasibility of using microorganisms as a source of microalgal lipids or valuable nutritional ingredients; salt-induced stress and expression of MAT are useful in providing precursors for enhanced lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanapa Atikij
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- The Chemical Approaches for Food Applications Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yolani Syaputri
- Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iwahashi
- Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Thanit Praneenararat
- The Chemical Approaches for Food Applications Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sophon Sirisattha
- Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Hakuto Kageyama
- Graduate School of Environmental and Human Sciences, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan.
| | - Rungaroon Waditee-Sirisattha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- The Chemical Approaches for Food Applications Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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23
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Santos-Merino M, Singh AK, Ducat DC. New Applications of Synthetic Biology Tools for Cyanobacterial Metabolic Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:33. [PMID: 30873404 PMCID: PMC6400836 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are promising microorganisms for sustainable biotechnologies, yet unlocking their potential requires radical re-engineering and application of cutting-edge synthetic biology techniques. In recent years, the available devices and strategies for modifying cyanobacteria have been increasing, including advances in the design of genetic promoters, ribosome binding sites, riboswitches, reporter proteins, modular vector systems, and markerless selection systems. Because of these new toolkits, cyanobacteria have been successfully engineered to express heterologous pathways for the production of a wide variety of valuable compounds. Cyanobacterial strains with the potential to be used in real-world applications will require the refinement of genetic circuits used to express the heterologous pathways and development of accurate models that predict how these pathways can be best integrated into the larger cellular metabolic network. Herein, we review advances that have been made to translate synthetic biology tools into cyanobacterial model organisms and summarize experimental and in silico strategies that have been employed to increase their bioproduction potential. Despite the advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering during the last years, it is clear that still further improvements are required if cyanobacteria are to be competitive with heterotrophic microorganisms for the bioproduction of added-value compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Santos-Merino
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Amit K. Singh
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Daniel C. Ducat
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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