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Li DX, Guo Q, Yang YX, Jiang SJ, Ji XJ, Ye C, Wang YT, Shi TQ. Recent Advances and Multiple Strategies of Monoterpenoid Overproduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1647-1662. [PMID: 38860708 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Monoterpenoids are an important subclass of terpenoids that play important roles in the energy, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and fragrances fields. With the development of biotechnology, microbial synthesis of monoterpenoids has received great attention. Yeasts such Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica are emerging as potential hosts for monoterpenoids production because of unique advantages including rapid growth cycles, mature gene editing tools, and clear genetic background. Recently, advancements in metabolic engineering and fermentation engineering have significantly enhanced the accumulation of monoterpenoids in cell factories. First, this review introduces the biosynthetic pathway of monoterpenoids and comprehensively summarizes the latest production strategies, which encompass enhancing precursor flux, modulating the expression of rate-limited enzymes, suppressing competitive pathway flux, mitigating cytotoxicity, optimizing substrate utilization, and refining the fermentation process. Subsequently, this review introduces four representative monoterpenoids. Finally, we outline the future prospects for efficient construction cell factories tailored for the production of monoterpenoids and other terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xun Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xin Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Jie Jiang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Tong Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Qiong Shi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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2
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Li R, Yao B, Zeng H. Identification and Characterization of a Nerol Synthase in Fungi. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:416-423. [PMID: 38156892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Nerol, a linear monoterpenoid, is naturally found in essential oils of various plants and is widely used in the fragrance, food, and cosmetic industries. Nerol synthase, essential for nerol biosynthesis, has previously been identified only in plants that use NPP as the precursor. In this study, a novel fungal nerol synthase, named PgfB, was cloned and characterized from Penicillium griseofulvum. In vitro enzymatic assays showed that PgfB could directly convert the substrate GPP into nerol. Furthermore, the successful expression of PgfB and its homologous protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in the heterologous production of nerol. Finally, crucial amino acid residues for PgfB's catalytic activity were identified through site-directed mutagenesis. This research broadens our understanding of fungal monoterpene synthases and presents precious gene resources for the industrial production of nerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Bo Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Haichun Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
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3
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Whitehead J, Leferink NGH, Johannissen LO, Hay S, Scrutton NS. Decoding Catalysis by Terpene Synthases. ACS Catal 2023; 13:12774-12802. [PMID: 37822860 PMCID: PMC10563020 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c03047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The review by Christianson, published in 2017 on the twentieth anniversary of the emergence of the field, summarizes the foundational discoveries and key advances in terpene synthase/cyclase (TS) biocatalysis (Christianson, D. W. Chem Rev2017, 117 (17), 11570-11648. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00287). Here, we review the TS literature published since then, bringing the field up to date and looking forward to what could be the near future of TS rational design. Many revealing discoveries have been made in recent years, building on the knowledge and fundamental principles uncovered during those initial two decades of study. We use these to explore TS reaction chemistry and see how a combined experimental and computational approach helps to decipher the complexities of TS catalysis. Revealed are a suite of catalytic motifs which control product outcome in TSs, some obvious, some more subtle. We examine each in detail, using the most recent papers and insights to illustrate how exactly this fascinating class of enzymes takes a single acyclic substrate and turns it into the many thousands of complex terpenoids found in Nature. We then explore some of the recent strategies for TS engineering, including machine learning and other data-driven approaches. From this, rational and predictive engineering of TSs, "designer terpene synthases", will begin to emerge as a realistic goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua
N. Whitehead
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole G. H. Leferink
- Future
Biomanufacturing Research Hub (FBRH), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology,
Department of Chemistry, The University
of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United
Kingdom
| | - Linus O. Johannissen
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Hay
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel S. Scrutton
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- Future
Biomanufacturing Research Hub (FBRH), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology,
Department of Chemistry, The University
of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United
Kingdom
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4
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Chen C, Liu J, Yao G, Bao S, Wan X, Wang F, Wang K, Song T, Han P, Liu T, Jiang H. A novel, genetically encoded whole-cell biosensor for directed evolution of myrcene synthase in Escherichia coli. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 228:115176. [PMID: 36913884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
β-myrcene is a high-value acyclic monoterpene. The low activity of myrcene synthase resulted to low biosynthetic titer of it. Biosensor is a promising tool applied for enzyme directed evolution. In this work, a novel genetically encoded biosensor responding to myrcene was established based on the MyrR regulator from Pseudomonas sp. Through sensing promoter characterization and engineering, the biosensor exhibiting excellent specificity and dynamic range was developed, and applied for directed evolution of myrcene synthase. After high-throughput screening of the myrcene synthase random mutation library, the best mutant R89G/N152S/D517N was obtained. Its catalytic efficiency was 1.47-fold than that of parent. Based on the mutants, the final production of myrcene reached 510.38 mg/L, which is the highest myrcene titer reported to date. This work demonstrates the great potential of whole-cell biosensor for improving enzymatic activity and the production of target metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Yao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoheng Bao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiukun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, People's Republic of China
| | - Penggang Han
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiangang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Chen L, Xiao W, Yao M, Wang Y, Yuan Y. Compartmentalization engineering of yeasts to overcome precursor limitations and cytotoxicity in terpenoid production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1132244. [PMID: 36911190 PMCID: PMC9997727 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1132244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic engineering strategies for terpenoid production have mainly focused on bottlenecks in the supply of precursor molecules and cytotoxicity to terpenoids. In recent years, the strategies involving compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells has rapidly developed and have provided several advantages in the supply of precursors, cofactors and a suitable physiochemical environment for product storage. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of organelle compartmentalization for terpenoid production, which can guide the rewiring of subcellular metabolism to make full use of precursors, reduce metabolite toxicity, as well as provide suitable storage capacity and environment. Additionally, the strategies that can enhance the efficiency of a relocated pathway by increasing the number and size of organelles, expanding the cell membrane and targeting metabolic pathways in several organelles are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of this approach for the terpenoid biosynthesis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Chen
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenhai Xiao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute, Tianjin University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingdong Yao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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6
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Bernal F, Matulevich JA, Corredor JA, Coy-Barrera E. GC-MS-based Fingerprinting Reveals Two Chemotypes in the Leaf Essential Oils from Magnolia grandiflora Trees within The Urban Forestry of a Colombian Andean Plateau. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200448. [PMID: 35981267 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Magnolia grandiflora is an aromatic plant widely distributed around the world. In Colombia, and more specifically in Bogotá, M. grandiflora has been introduced as part of urban forestry programs, and their specimens are therefore subjected to several environments. Nevertheless, there are no previous studies on the chemical composition of such plants. Hence, the characterization of the essential oil from 20 specimens of M. grandiflora from Bogotá, Colombia, by GC-MS was carried out here. Two different chemotypes were found. While one was characterized by monoterpenes α-pinene, β-pinene, and limonene, the other contained mainly sesquiterpenes β-elemene, bicyclogermacrene, and germacrene D. Multivariate statistical analyses confirmed their existence and helped to identify variations within and between chemotypes. Furthermore, differential expression of genes encoding the terpene synthases Mg 25 and Mg 17 could arguably be responsible for the characteristic compositions of both chemotypes, as suggested by rational biosynthetic analysis of the most contrasting metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Bernal
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll Institute: Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut, Transfer Group Anti-infectives, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745, Jena, GERMANY
| | - Javier A Matulevich
- Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas, Facultad de Ciencias y Educación, Carrera 4 # 26 B 54, Bogotá, COLOMBIA
| | - John A Corredor
- Universidad Antonio Nariño: Universidad Antonio Narino, Department of Chemistry, Carrera 3 Este # 47 A 15, Bogotá, COLOMBIA
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Departamento de Química, Campus Nueva Granada, Cajicá, COLOMBIA
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Muñoz-Fernández G, Martínez-Buey R, Revuelta JL, Jiménez A. Metabolic engineering of Ashbya gossypii for limonene production from xylose. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:79. [PMID: 35841062 PMCID: PMC9284773 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limonene is a cyclic monoterpene that has applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The industrial production of limonene and its derivatives through plant extraction presents important drawbacks such as seasonal and climate issues, feedstock limitations, low efficiency and environmental concerns. Consequently, the implementation of efficient and eco-friendly bioprocesses for the production of limonene and other terpenes constitutes an attractive goal for microbial biotechnology. In this context, novel biocatalysts with the ability to produce limonene from alternative carbon sources will help to meet the industrial demands of limonene. RESULTS Engineered strains of the industrial fungus Ashbya gossypii have been developed to produce limonene from xylose. The limonene synthase (LS) from Citrus limon was initially overexpressed together with the native HMG1 gene (coding for HMG-CoA reductase) to establish a limonene-producing platform from a xylose-utilizing A. gossypii strain. In addition, several strategies were designed to increase the production of limonene. Hence, the effect of mutant alleles of ERG20 (erg20F95W and erg20F126W) were evaluated together with a synthetic orthogonal pathway using a heterologous neryl diphosphate synthase. The lethality of the A. gossypii double mutant erg20F95W-F126W highlights the indispensability of farnesyl diphosphate for the synthesis of essential sterols. In addition, the utilization of the orthogonal pathway, bypassing the Erg20 activity through neryl diphosphate, triggered a substantial increase in limonene titer (33.6 mg/L), without critically altering the fitness of the engineered strain. Finally, the overexpression of the native ERG12 gene further enhanced limonene production, which reached 336.4 mg/L after 96 h in flask cultures using xylose as the carbon source. CONCLUSIONS The microbial production of limonene can be carried out using engineered strains of A. gossypii from xylose-based carbon sources. The utilization of a synthetic orthogonal pathway together with the overexpression of ERG12 is a highly beneficial strategy for the production of limonene in A. gossypii. The strains presented in this work constitute a proof of principle for the production of limonene and other terpenes from agro-industrial wastes such as xylose-rich hydrolysates in A. gossypii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Muñoz-Fernández
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rubén Martínez-Buey
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Luis Revuelta
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Jiménez
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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8
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Sun F, Yan C, Lv Y, Pu Z, Liao Z, Guo W, Dai M. Genome Sequencing of Amomum tsao-ko Provides Novel Insight Into Its Volatile Component Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:904178. [PMID: 35720564 PMCID: PMC9198571 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.904178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As an important economic and medicinal crop, Amomum tsao-ko is rich in volatile oils and widely used in food additives, essential oils, and traditional Chinese medicine. However, the lack of the genome remains a limiting factor for understanding its medicinal properties at the molecular level. Here, based on 288.72 Gb of PacBio long reads and 105.45 Gb of Illumina paired-end short reads, we assembled a draft genome for A. tsao-ko (2.70 Gb in size, contig N50 of 2.45 Mb). Approximately 90.07% of the predicted genes were annotated in public databases. Based on comparative genomic analysis, genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis, flavonoid metabolism, and terpenoid biosynthesis showed significant expansion. Notably, the DXS, GGPPS, and CYP450 genes, which participate in rate-limiting steps for terpenoid backbone biosynthesis and modification, may form the genetic basis for essential oil formation in A. tsao-ko. The assembled A. tsao-ko draft genome provides a valuable genetic resource for understanding the unique features of this plant and for further evolutionary and agronomic studies of Zingiberaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghui Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaochao Yan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunyun Lv
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- College of Life Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Zhonghui Pu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-Origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zedong Liao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-Origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Dai
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-Origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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Zhuang J, Zhang F, Tang X, Liu C, Huang M, Xie H, Wu R. Insights into Enzymatic Catalytic Mechanism of bCinS: The Importance of Protein Conformational Change. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01913a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the available crystal structures of BCinS (Streptomyces clavuligerus 1,8-cineole synthase), a typic class I terpene cyclases (TPCs), have shown notable protein conformational flexibility once binding with the substrate, the...
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10
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Ma LT, Liu PL, Cheng YT, Shiu TF, Chu FH. Unveiling Monoterpene Biosynthesis in Taiwania cryptomerioides via Functional Characterization. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112404. [PMID: 34834767 PMCID: PMC8625326 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Taiwania cryptomerioides is a monotypic species, and its terpenoid-rich property has been reported in recent years. To uncover monoterpene biosynthesis in T. cryptomerioides, this study used transcriptome mining to identify candidates with tentative monoterpene synthase activity. Along with the phylogenetic analysis and in vitro assay, two geraniol synthases (TcTPS13 and TcTPS14), a linalool synthase (TcTPS15), and a β-pinene synthase (TcTPS16), were functionally characterized. Via the comparison of catalytic residues, the Cys/Ser at region 1 might be crucial in determining the formation of α-pinene or β-pinene. In addition, the Cupressaceae monoterpene synthases were phylogenetically clustered together; they are unique and different from those of published conifer species. In summary, this study aimed to uncover the ambiguous monoterpenoid network in T. cryptomerioide, which would expand the landscape of monoterpene biosynthesis in Cupressaceae species.
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Mani V, Park S, Kim JA, Lee SI, Lee K. Metabolic Perturbation and Synthetic Biology Strategies for Plant Terpenoid Production-An Updated Overview. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2179. [PMID: 34685985 PMCID: PMC8539415 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Terpenoids represent one of the high-value groups of specialized metabolites with vast structural diversity. They exhibit versatile human benefits and have been successfully exploited in several sectors of day-to-day life applications, including cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceuticals. Historically, the potential use of terpenoids is challenging, and highly hampered by their bioavailability in their natural sources. Significant progress has been made in recent years to overcome such challenges by advancing the heterologous production platforms of hosts and metabolic engineering technologies. Herein, we summarize the latest developments associated with analytical platforms, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology, with a focus on two terpenoid classes: monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids. Accumulated data showed that subcellular localization of both the precursor pool and the introduced enzymes were the crucial factors for increasing the production of targeted terpenoids in plants. We believe this timely review provides a glimpse of current state-of-the-art techniques/methodologies related to terpenoid engineering that would facilitate further improvements in terpenoids research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kijong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (V.M.); (S.P.); (J.A.K.); (S.I.L.)
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12
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Liu Y, Ma X, Liang H, Stephanopoulos G, Zhou K. Monoterpenoid biosynthesis by engineered microbes. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:6380491. [PMID: 34601590 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Monoterpenoids are C10 isoprenoids and constitute a large family of natural products. They have been used as ingredients in food, cosmetics and therapeutic products. Many monoterpenoids such as linalool, geraniol, limonene and pinene are volatile and can be found in plant essential oils. Conventionally, these bioactive compounds are obtained from plant extracts by using organic solvents or by distillation method, which are costly and laborious if high purity product is desired. In recent years, microbial biosynthesis has emerged as alternative source of monoterpenoids with great promise for meeting the increasing global demand for these compounds. However, current methods of production are not yet at levels required for commercialization. Production efficiency of monoterpenoids in microbial hosts is often restricted by high volatility of the monoterpenoids, a lack of enzymatic activity and selectivity, and/or product cytotoxicity to the microbial hosts. In this review, we summarize advances in microbial production of monoterpenoids over the past three years with particular focus on the key metabolic engineering strategies for different monoterpenoid products. We also provide our perspective on the promise of future endeavors to improve monoterpenoid productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurou Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore
| | - Xiaoqiang Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore
| | - Gregory Stephanopoulos
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kang Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore
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