1
|
Hounkanrin G, Tchibozo C, Sauer FG, Agboli E, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Yadouleton A, Lühken R, Jöst H. Genetic diversity and wing geometric morphometrics among four populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Benin. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:320. [PMID: 37684701 PMCID: PMC10492319 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of the arbovirus vector Aedes aegypti is of major concern for global public health as the viruses that it transmits affect millions of people each year worldwide. Originating in Africa, Ae. aegypti has now spread throughout much of the world. While the genetic makeup of Ae. aegypti in the New World has been extensively studied, there is limited knowledge on its genetic diversity in Africa, particularly at a microgeographical level. METHODS We investigated mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I of four Ae. aegypti populations from Benin and employed wing morphometric analyses as a cost-effective and reliable tool to explore population structure. Our sampling encompassed various areas of Benin, from the southern to the northern borders of the country, and included urban, semi-urban, and sylvatic sites. RESULTS We observed a notable level of genetic diversity (haplotype diversity of 0.8333) and nucleotide diversity (0.00421986), and identified seven distinct haplotypes. Sylvatic and semi-urban sites exhibited a greater number of haplotypes compared to urban sites. Utilizing 18 wing landmarks, we calculated the centroid size, which revealed significant variation among the three landscape types. However, principal component analysis, employed to assess wing shape variation, did not demonstrate significant differences between populations based on landscape type. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate substantial genetic and morphological diversity among Ae. aegypti populations in Benin, and provide insight into important biological characteristics of these populations with respect to their potential to transmit viruses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study undertaken in Africa to integrate genetics with morphology to analyse the population structure of the major arbovirus vector Ae. aegypti.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gildas Hounkanrin
- Laboratory of Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers and Arboviruses of Benin, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Carine Tchibozo
- Laboratory of Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers and Arboviruses of Benin, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Felix Gregor Sauer
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eric Agboli
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Hamburg, Germany
- School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anges Yadouleton
- Laboratory of Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers and Arboviruses of Benin, Cotonou, Benin
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Cotonou, Benin
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Natitingou, National University of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Abomey, Benin
| | - Renke Lühken
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Jöst
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ligsay A, Telle O, Paul R. Challenges to Mitigating the Urban Health Burden of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in the Face of Climate Change. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5035. [PMID: 34068688 PMCID: PMC8126106 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18095035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cities worldwide are facing ever-increasing pressure to develop mitigation strategies for all sectors to deal with the impacts of climate change. Cities are expected to house 70% of the world's population by 2050, and developing related resilient health systems is a significant challenge. Because of their physical nature, cities' surface temperatures are often substantially higher than that of the surrounding rural areas, generating the so-called Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Whilst considerable emphasis has been placed on strategies to mitigate against the UHI-associated negative health effects of heat and pollution in cities, mosquito-borne diseases have largely been ignored. However, the World Health Organization estimates that one of the main consequences of global warming will be an increased burden of mosquito-borne diseases, many of which have an urban facet to their epidemiology and thus the global population exposed to these pathogens will steadily increase. Current health mitigation strategies for heat and pollution, for example, may, however, be detrimental for mosquito-borne diseases. Implementation of multi-sectoral strategies that can benefit many sectors (such as water, labor, and health) do exist or can be envisaged and would enable optimal use of the meagre resources available. Discussion among multi-sectoral stakeholders should be actively encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ligsay
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines;
- Clinical and Health-Related Research, St. Luke’s Medical Center WHQM College of Medicine, Quezon City 1112, Philippines
| | - Olivier Telle
- CNRS, Géographie-Cités, Paris 1 Université Paris-Sorbonne, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Richard Paul
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 2000 (CNRS), 75015 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Reeves LE, Medina J, Miqueli E, Sloyer KE, Petrie W, Vasquez C, Burkett-Cadena ND. Establishment of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) scapularis (Diptera: Culicidae) in Mainland Florida, With Notes on the Ochlerotatus Group in the United States. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:717-729. [PMID: 33225354 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aedes scapularis (Rondani), a widespread neotropical vector mosquito species, has been included in the mosquito fauna of Florida on the basis of just three larval specimens that were collected in the middle Florida Keys in 1945. Here, we report numerous recent collections of immature and adult Ae. scapularis from multiple locations in two counties of southern Florida. These specimens represent the first records of Ae. scapularis from mainland Florida and the first records of the species in the state since the initial detection of the species 75 yr ago. Collections of both larvae and adults across several years indicate that Ae. scapularis is now established in Broward and Miami-Dade Counties. These contemporary records of this species in Florida may represent novel dispersal and subsequent establishment events from populations outside the United States or a recent reemergence of undetected endemic populations. To confirm morphological identification of Ae. scapularis specimens from Florida, the DNA barcoding region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) was sequenced and compared to all other Ochlerotatus Group species from the United States, specifically Aedes condolescens Dyar and Knab (Diptera: Culicidae), Aedes infirmatus Dyar and Knab (Diptera: Culicidae), Aedes thelcter Dyar (Diptera: Culicidae), Aedes tortilis (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae), and Aedes trivittatus (Coquillett) (Diptera: Culicidae). Molecular assays and sequencing confirm morphological identification of Ae. scapularis specimens. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of COI and ITS2 sequences place Florida Ae. scapularis in a distinct clade, but was unable to produce distinct clades for Florida specimens of Ae. condolescens and Ae. tortilis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence E Reeves
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL
| | | | | | - Kristin E Sloyer
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL
| | | | | | - Nathan D Burkett-Cadena
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carvajal TM, Amalin DM, Watanabe K. Wing geometry and genetic analyses reveal contrasting spatial structures between male and female Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) populations in metropolitan Manila, Philippines. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 87:104676. [PMID: 33321226 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The population genetic structure of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) has been studied in order to understand its role as an efficient vector. Several studies utilized an integrative approach; to combine genetic and phenotypic data to determine its population structure but these studies have only focused on female populations. To address this particular gap, our study compared the population variability and structuring between its male and female populations using phenotypic and genetic data from a highly-urbanized and dengue-endemic region of the Philippines, Metropolitan Manila. Five mosquito populations comprised of female (n = 137) and male (n = 49) adult mosquitoes were used in this study. All mosquito individuals underwent geometric morphometric (26 landmarks), and genetic (11 microsatellite loci) analyses. Results revealed that FST estimates (genetic) were 0.055 and 0.009 while QST estimates (phenotypic) were 0.318 and 0.309 in in male and female populations, respectively. Wing shape variation plots showed that male populations were distinctly separated from each other while female populations overlapped. Similarly, discriminant analysis of principal components using genetic data revealed that male populations were also distinctly separated from each other while female populations showed near-overlapping populations. Genetic and phenetic dendrograms showed the formation of two groups in male populations but no groups in female populations. Further analysis indicated a significant correlation (r = 0.68, p = 0.02) between the genetic and phenetic distances of male populations. Bayesian analysis using genetic data also detected multiple clusters in male (K = 3) and female (K = 2) populations, while no clusters were detected using the phenotypic data from both sexes. Our results revealed contrasting phenotypic and genetic patterns between male and female Ae. aegypti, indicating that male populations were more spatially structured than female populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaddeus M Carvajal
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES) - Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Biological Control Research Unit, Center for Natural Science and Environmental Research - De La Salle University, Taft Ave Manila, Philippines; Biology Department, College of Science - De La Salle University, Taft Ave Manila, Philippines
| | - Divina M Amalin
- Biological Control Research Unit, Center for Natural Science and Environmental Research - De La Salle University, Taft Ave Manila, Philippines; Biology Department, College of Science - De La Salle University, Taft Ave Manila, Philippines.
| | - Kozo Watanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES) - Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Biological Control Research Unit, Center for Natural Science and Environmental Research - De La Salle University, Taft Ave Manila, Philippines; Biology Department, College of Science - De La Salle University, Taft Ave Manila, Philippines.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oliveira-Christe R, Wilke ABB, Marrelli MT. Microgeographic Wing-Shape Variation in Aedes albopictus and Aedes scapularis (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11120862. [PMID: 33287264 PMCID: PMC7761735 DOI: 10.3390/insects11120862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aedes albopictus and Aedes scapularis are vectors of several arboviruses, including the dengue, chikungunya, and Rocio virus infection. While Ae. albopictus is a highly invasive species native to Asia and has been dispersed by humans to most parts of the world, Ae. scapularis is native to Brazil and is widely distributed in the southeast of the country. Both species are highly anthropophilic and are often abundant in places with high human population densities. Because of the great epidemiological importance of these two mosquitoes and the paucity of knowledge on how they have adapted to different urban built environments, we investigated the microgeographic population structure of these vector species in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, using wing geometric morphometrics. Females of Ae. albopictus and Ae. scapularis were collected in seven urban parks in the city. The right wings of the specimens were removed and digitized, and eighteen landmarks based on vein intersections in the wing venation patterns were used to assess cross-sectional variation in wing shape and size. The analyses revealed distinct results for Ae. albopictus and Ae. scapularis populations. While the former had less wing shape variation, the latter had more heterogeneity, indicating a higher degree of intraspecific variation. Our results indicate that microgeographic selective pressures exerted by different urban built environments have a distinct effect on wing shape patterns in the populations of these two mosquito species studied here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Oliveira-Christe
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 Butanta, SP, Brazil;
| | - André Barretto Bruno Wilke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Mauro Toledo Marrelli
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 Butanta, SP, Brazil;
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904 Butanta, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Geometric morphometric wing analysis represents a robust tool to identify female mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17613. [PMID: 33077803 PMCID: PMC7573584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate species identification is the prerequisite to assess the relevance of mosquito specimens, but is often hindered by missing or damaged morphological features. The present study analyses the applicability of wing geometric morphometrics as a low-cost and practical alternative to identify native mosquitoes in Germany. Wing pictures were collected for 502 female mosquitoes of five genera and 19 species from 80 sampling sites. The reliable species identification based on interspecific wing geometry of 18 landmarks per specimen was tested. Leave-one-out cross validation revealed an overall accuracy of 99% for the genus and 90% for the species identification. Misidentifications were mainly due to three pairings of Aedes species: Aedes annulipes vs. Aedes cantans, Aedes cinereus vs. Aedes rossicus and Aedes communis vs. Aedes punctor. Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene region was sequenced to validate the morphological and morphometric identification. Similar to the results of the morphometric analysis, the same problematic three Aedes-pairs clustered, but most other species could be well separated. Overall, our study underpins that morphometric wing analysis is a robust tool for reliable mosquito identification, which reach the accuracy of COI barcoding.
Collapse
|
7
|
Suesdek L. Microevolution of medically important mosquitoes - A review. Acta Trop 2019; 191:162-171. [PMID: 30529448 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review intends to discuss central issues regarding the microevolution of mosquito (Culicidae) vectors of several pathogens and how this process impacts vector biology, disease transmission, and vector control attempts. On the microevolutionary context, it comparatively discusses the current knowledge on the population genetics of representatives of the genera Aedes, Anopheles and Culex, and comments on insecticide resistance of culicids. It also discusses other biological aspects of culicids that are not usually addressed in microevolutionary studies, such as vectorial competence, endosymbiosis, and wing morphology. One conclusion is that mosquitoes are highly genetically variable, adaptable, fast evolving, and have versatile vectorial competence. Unveiling microevolutionary patterns is fundamental for the design and maintenance of all control programs. Sampling methods for assessing microevolution must be standardized and must follow meaningful guidelines, such as those of "landscape genetics". A good understanding of microevolution requires more than a collection of case studies on population genetics and resistance. Future research could deal not only with the microevolution sensu stricto, but also with evolutionarily meaningful issues, such as inheritable characters, epigenetics, physiological cost-free plasticity, vector immunity, symbiosis, pathogen-mosquito co-evolution and environmental variables. A genotyping panel for seeking adaptive phenotypes as part of the standardization of population genetics methods is proposed. The investigative paradigm should not only be retrospective but also prospective, despite the unpredictability of evolution. If we integrate all suggestions to tackle mosquito evolution, a global revolution to counter vector-borne diseases can be provoked.
Collapse
|
8
|
Silva CJD, Pereira SV, Apolinário EJ, Santos GLD, Melo-Santos MAV, Silva AFD, Wallau GL, Oliveira CMFD. Culicidae fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) survey in urban, ecotonal and forested areas, from the Moreno municipality - Pernambuco State, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2018; 51:523-527. [PMID: 30133638 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0249-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mosquitoes are vectors of several pathogens in tropical regions. However, information on Culicidae in the northeast region of Brazil is scarce despite many municipalities having environmental conditions favorable for these insects. METHODS We collected mosquitoes monthly for one year from urban, ecotonal, and ecological reserve areas in Moreno, Brazil, by using CDC Miniature light traps, aspiration, ovitraps, and liquid suction. RESULTS We collected 1,401 insects in the Culicidae family. Fifteen species of seven genera of Culicidae were identified and five specimens were identified only at the genus level. CONCLUSIONS There is a wide diversity of mosquito species in the sampled areas, some of which are important for human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria Alice Varjal Melo-Santos
- Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia em Saúde - Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brasil.,Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Freitas da Silva
- Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia em Saúde - Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brasil.,Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Gabriel Luz Wallau
- Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia em Saúde - Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brasil.,Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Cláudia Maria Fontes de Oliveira
- Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia em Saúde - Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brasil.,Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Petersen V, Virginio F, Suesdek L. Polymorphism in male genitalia of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) scapularis Rondani, 1848. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018; 108:1-4. [PMID: 28416024 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485317000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Morphology of male genitalia of culicids is generally species-specific and often used as a taxonomic marker. However, some characters of the male genitalia vary intraspecifically and are not taxonomically diagnostic. This might be the case of Aedes scapularis, a Neotropical culicid with vector competence for arboviruses and filarial worms. Males of this species may or not present a retrorse process (RP) in the genitalic claspette filaments, which led authors to suspect that this variance might be indicative of population divergence or incipient speciation process. This suspicion has not been investigated hitherto and it is not known if there are variable patterns of RPs. We hypothesized that the presence of the RP varies intraspecifically in Ae. scapularis and then we statistically evaluated the variability of this character in a single population. To this study the genitalia of 73 males of Ae. scapularis were prepared, and their RPs were meristically quantified and categorized according to the phenotypes observed. We noted that the presence or RPs is a polymorphic character because it varied inter and intra-individually. The presence of a single RP on each claspette filament was the predominant pattern (77%), but absent or multiple RPs in each filament were also found either in bilateral symmetry or asymmetry. Thus, we conclude that the presence of RPs owing to its high variability is not indicative of populational divergence or diagnostic of species complex within Ae. scapularis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Petersen
- Laboratório de Parasitologia,Instituto Butantan,Av. Vital Brazil - 1500,São Paulo,SP 05503-000,Brazil
| | - F Virginio
- Laboratório de Parasitologia,Instituto Butantan,Av. Vital Brazil - 1500,São Paulo,SP 05503-000,Brazil
| | - L Suesdek
- Laboratório de Parasitologia,Instituto Butantan,Av. Vital Brazil - 1500,São Paulo,SP 05503-000,Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lorenz C, Almeida F, Almeida-Lopes F, Louise C, Pereira SN, Petersen V, Vidal PO, Virginio F, Suesdek L. Geometric morphometrics in mosquitoes: What has been measured? INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 54:205-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
11
|
Petersen V, Marchi MJ, Natal D, Marrelli MT, Barbosa AC, Suesdek L. Assessment of the correlation between wing size and body weight in captive Culex quinquefasciatus. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2017; 49:508-11. [PMID: 27598641 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0039-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mass production of mosquitoes under laboratory conditions allows implementing methods to control vector mosquitoes. Colony development depends on mosquito size and weight. Body size can be estimated from its correlation with wing size, whereas weight is more difficult to determine. Our goal was to test whether wing size can predict the weight. METHODS We compared dry weight and wing centroid size of Culex quinquefasciatus reared at different temperatures and four diets. RESULTS Weight and wing size were strongly correlated. The diets did not influence wing size. CONCLUSIONS Wing centroid size is a good predictor of Cx. quinquefasciatus body weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Petersen
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto sensu em Biologia da Relação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Jacometto Marchi
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Delsio Natal
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro Toledo Marrelli
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lincoln Suesdek
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa em Pós-Graduação Stricto sensu em Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo,Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Francuski L, Milankov V, Ludoški J, Krtinić B, Lundström JO, Kemenesi G, Ferenc J. Genetic and phenotypic variation in central and northern European populations of Aedes (Aedimorphus) vexans (Meigen, 1830) (Diptera, Culicidae). JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2016; 41:160-171. [PMID: 27232139 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The floodwater mosquito Aedes vexans can be a massive nuisance in the flood plain areas of mainland Europe, and is the vector of Tahyna virus and a potential vector of Dirofilaria immitis. This epidemiologically important species forms three subspecies worldwide, of which Aedes vexans arabiensis has a wide distribution in Europe and Africa. We quantified the genetic and phenotypic variation in Ae. vexans arabiensis in populations from Sweden (northern Europe), Hungary, and Serbia (central Europe). A landscape genetics approach (FST , STRUCTURE, BAPS, GENELAND) revealed significant differentiation between northern and southern populations. Similar to genetic data, wing geometric morphometrics revealed two different clusters, one made by Swedish populations, while another included Hungarian and Serbian populations. Moreover, integrated genetic and morphometric data from the spatial analysis suggested groupings of populations into three clusters, one of which was from Swedish and Hungarian populations. Data on spatial analysis regarding an intermediate status of the Hungarian population was supported by observed Isolation-by-Distance patterns. Furthermore, a low proportion of interpopulation vs intrapopulation variance revealed by AMOVA and low-to-moderate FST values on a broader geographical scale indicate a continuous between-population exchange of individuals, including considerable gene flow on the regional scale, are likely to be responsible for the maintenance of the observed population similarity in Aе. vexans. We discussed data considering population structure in the light of vector control strategies of the mosquito from public health importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ljubinka Francuski
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vesna Milankov
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Jasmina Ludoški
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Jan O Lundström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology/Zoonotic Science Centre, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gábor Kemenesi
- Virological Research Group, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Jakab Ferenc
- Virological Research Group, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lorenz C, Patané JSL, Suesdek L. Morphogenetic characterisation, date of divergence, and evolutionary relationships of malaria vectors Anopheles cruzii and Anopheles homunculus. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 35:144-52. [PMID: 26256676 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The mosquito species Anopheles cruzii and Anopheles homunculus are co-occurring vectors for etiological agents of malaria in southeastern Brazil, a region known to be a major epidemic spot for malaria outside Amazon region. We sought to better understand the biology of these species in order to contribute to future control efforts by (1) improving species identification, which is complicated by the fact that the females are very similar, (2) investigating genetic composition and morphological differences between the species, (3) inferring their phylogenetic histories in comparison with those of other Anophelinae, and (4) dating the evolutionary divergence of the two species. To characterise the species we used wing geometry and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene as morphological and genetic markers, respectively. We also used the genes white, 28S, ITS2, Cytb, and COI in our phylogenetic and dating analyses. A comparative analysis of wing thin-plate splines revealed species-specific wing venation patterns, and the species An. cruzii showed greater morphological diversity (8.74) than An. homunculus (5.58). Concerning the COI gene, An. cruzii was more polymorphic and also showed higher haplotype diversity than An. homunculus, with many rare haplotypes that were displayed by only a few specimens. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that all tree topologies converged and showed [Anopheles bellator+An. homunculus] and [Anopheles laneanus+An. cruzii] as sister clades. Diversification within the subgenus Kerteszia occurred 2-14.2millionyears ago. The landmark data associated with wing shape were consistent with the molecular phylogeny, indicating that this character can distinguish higher level phylogenetic relationships within the Anopheles group. Despite their morphological similarities and co-occurrence, An. cruzii and An. homunculus show consistent differences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the species are not sister-groups but species that recently diverged within the Kerteszia group, perhaps concomitantly with the radiation of bromeliads in South America or during the Pleistocene climate oscillations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Lorenz
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, São Paulo CEP 05509-300, Brazil; Biologia da Relação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, São Paulo CEP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - José S L Patané
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, São Paulo CEP 05509-300, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748 - sala 911, São Paulo CEP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Lincoln Suesdek
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, São Paulo CEP 05509-300, Brazil; Biologia da Relação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, São Paulo CEP 05508-000, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Avenida Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470, São Paulo CEP 05403-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|