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Magalhães de Almeida T, Neto IR, de Oliveira Brandão Y, Molento MB. Geographic expansion of Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) due to changes in land use and cover in Brazil. Int J Parasitol 2024; 54:201-212. [PMID: 38160740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Fasciolosis is caused by parasites of the genus Fasciola, affecting animals and humans worldwide. In South America, the disease is a result of infection with Fasciola hepatica and although animal infections are more frequently reported, the full extent of the impact on human health due to underdiagnosis remains uncertain. This study analyzed changes in land use and the distribution of F. hepatica in bovine livers in Brazil over 18 years. Data on land use and land cover were collected from the Mapbiomas Project. Data on 414,481,963 slaughtered cattle and condemned livers due to F. hepatica infection were obtained from 4,433 municipalities. Joinpoint analysis was used to study the time series, and the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model was utilized to explore the behavior of F. hepatica infection. In the North, pasture areas significantly increased (P = 0.000001), while forested areas decreased (P = 0.000001). The midwestern and northern regions concentrated the highest number (>290 million) of cattle slaughtered in Brazil. More than 2 million bovine livers were infected by F. hepatica. The infected cattle originated from 194 municipalities in 2002, increasing to 747 in 2020. We consider that the changes in land use and intense cattle transportation may have caused the expansion of F. hepatica. The SIR model analyzed the spread of the disease looking at all six biomes: Caatinga, Amazon Forest, Cerrado, Pantanal, Atlantic Forest, and Pampa. Moreover, this infection not only threatens the health of animals but is also a major concern to biodiversity and vulnerable human communities in South America. Emblematic biomes such as the Amazon basin already face challenges with logging, desertification, and loss of biodiversity. Therefore, strategies for mitigating infection should include controlling illegal pasture areas, establishing health inspections of animal transport, quarantine of newly arrived animals, and livestock zoning, as well as clear One Health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayany Magalhães de Almeida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Federal University of Paraná, R: dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR CEP: 80.035-050, Brazil
| | - Irineu Romero Neto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Federal University of Paraná, R: dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR CEP: 80.035-050, Brazil
| | - Yara de Oliveira Brandão
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Federal University of Paraná, R: dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR CEP: 80.035-050, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Federal University of Paraná, R: dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR CEP: 80.035-050, Brazil.
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Alba A, Vázquez AA, Sánchez J, Gourbal B. Immunological Resistance of Pseudosuccinea columella Snails From Cuba to Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda) Infection: What We Know and Where We Go on Comparative Molecular and Mechanistic Immunobiology, Ecology and Evolution. Front Immunol 2022; 13:794186. [PMID: 35140717 PMCID: PMC8818719 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.794186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most interesting biological models is that of snail–trematode interactions, many of which ultimately result in the transmission of several important diseases, particularly in the tropics. Herein, we review the scientific advances on a trematode–snail system in which certain populations of Pseudosuccinea columella (a common host species for trematodes) have been demonstrated naturally-resistant to Fasciola hepatica, in association with an effective encapsulation of the parasite by innate immune cells of the host, the hemocytes. Emphasis is made on the molecular and immunological features characterizing each P. columella phenotype in relation to their anti-parasitic competence, their distinctive ecological patterns and the existence of a significant cost of resistance. An integrative overview of the resistance to F. hepatica through comparative immunobiology, genetics and ecology is presented to hypothesize on the possible origins and evolution of this phenomenon and to postulate significant roles for parasite mediated-selection and environmental factors in shaping and maintaining the resistant phenotype in the field. Lastly, clues into future experimental perspectives to deeply characterize the interplay between P. columella and F. hepatica and the immunobiology of the resistance are also included. The advances revised in the present paper are only beginning to unravel mechanisms of anti-parasite innate defense responses and their evolutionary bases, and can facilitate the development of prospective approaches towards practical applications of P. columella resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annia Alba
- Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto “Pedro Kourí” de Medicina Tropical, La Habana, Cuba
- *Correspondence: Benjamin Gourbal, ; Annia Alba,
| | - Antonio A. Vázquez
- Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto “Pedro Kourí” de Medicina Tropical, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Jorge Sánchez
- Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto “Pedro Kourí” de Medicina Tropical, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Benjamin Gourbal
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
- *Correspondence: Benjamin Gourbal, ; Annia Alba,
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Alba A, Vazquez AA, Hurtrez-Boussès S. Towards the comprehension of fasciolosis (re-)emergence: an integrative overview. Parasitology 2021; 148:385-407. [PMID: 33261674 PMCID: PMC11010171 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020002255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing distribution and prevalence of fasciolosis in both human and livestock are concerning. Here, we examine the various types of factors influencing fasciolosis transmission and burden and the interrelations that may exist between them. We present the arsenal of molecules, 'adjusting' capabilities and parasitic strategies of Fasciola to infect. Such features define the high adaptability of Fasciola species for parasitism that facilitate their transmission. We discuss current environmental perturbations (increase of livestock and land use, climate change, introduction of alien species and biodiversity loss) in relation to fasciolosis dynamics. As Fasciola infection is directly and ultimately linked to livestock management, living conditions and cultural habits, which are also changing under the pressure of globalization and climate change, the social component of transmission is also discussed. Lastly, we examine the implication of increasing scientific and political awareness in highlighting the current circulation of fasciolosis and boosting epidemiological surveys and novel diagnostic techniques. From a joint perspective, it becomes clear that factors weight differently at each place and moment, depending on the biological, environmental, social and political interrelating contexts. Therefore, the analyses of a disease as complex as fasciolosis should be as integrative as possible to dissect the realities featuring each epidemiological scenario. Such a comprehensive appraisal is presented in this review and constitutes its main asset to serve as a fresh integrative understanding of fasciolosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annia Alba
- Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical ‘Pedro Kourí’, Havana, Cuba
| | - Antonio A. Vazquez
- Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical ‘Pedro Kourí’, Havana, Cuba
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Celi-Erazo M, Alda P, Montenegro-Franco M, Pavon D, Minda-Aluisa E, Calvopiña M, Pointier JP, Hurtrez-Boussès S, Cevallos W, Benítez-Ortíz W, Rodríguez-Hidalgo R. Prevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection in Galba cousini and Galba schirazensis from an Andean region of Ecuador. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 20:100390. [PMID: 32448532 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Some Lymnaeid snails are intermediate hosts of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica, the causal agent of fasciolosis, a zoonotic parasitic disease. Human and livestock fasciolosis has been reported in a highland community located in the Chimborazo Province of the Ecuadorian Andes. However, no previous study has been carried out to identify which snail species act as intermediate host/s of F. hepatica. This study first aimed to identify the intermediate snail species and secondly to determine the prevalence of natural infection with F. hepatica in 230 lymnaeid snails sampled from irrigation and drainage canals in this area. The first objective entailed observations of shell morphology and internal organs as well as sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene. For the second objective, we used classic parasitological methods (observation of rediae and cercarial emission) and PCR amplification specie-specific to F. hepatica. COI haplotype networks were built to elucidate phylogeographic relationships between the snail populations from this highland community with other American and worldwide populations. We identified two lymnaeid Galba cousini and Galba schirazensis and found high infection rates of F. hepatica in G. cousini, but these differed according to the method used, with PCR showing a higher rate (61 ± 20%) compared to rediae observation (29 ± 17%). F. hepatica in G. schirazensis was identified only by DNA amplification. G. cousini populations were genetically structured by geographic distance whereas G. schirazensis populations showed very low genetic diversity. The higher abundance and infection rate of G. cousini compared to G. schirazensis suggests that the former is likely the specie responsible for F. hepatica transmission in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Celi-Erazo
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Ciudadela Universitaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, EC170521 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Pilar Alda
- Laboratorio de Zoología de Invertebrados I, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan N°670, B8000ICN Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina; MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - María Montenegro-Franco
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Ciudadela Universitaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, EC170521 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diego Pavon
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Ciudadela Universitaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, EC170521 Quito, Ecuador; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Ciudadela Universitaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, EC170521 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Elizabeth Minda-Aluisa
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Ciudadela Universitaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, EC170521 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Manuel Calvopiña
- OneHealth Research Group, Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas, EC170125 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jean Pierre Pointier
- PSL Research University, USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE, CRIOBE Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | - Sylvie Hurtrez-Boussès
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Département de Biologie-Ecologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - William Cevallos
- Instituto de Biomedicina (CBM), Universidad Central del Ecuador, EC170555 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Washington Benítez-Ortíz
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Ciudadela Universitaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, EC170521 Quito, Ecuador; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Ciudadela Universitaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, EC170521 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Richar Rodríguez-Hidalgo
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Ciudadela Universitaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, EC170521 Quito, Ecuador; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Ciudadela Universitaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, EC170521 Quito, Ecuador.
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Alba A, Tetreau G, Chaparro C, Sánchez J, Vázquez AA, Gourbal B. Natural resistance to Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda) in Pseudosuccinea columella snails: A review from literature and insights from comparative "omic" analyses. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 101:103463. [PMID: 31381929 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The snail Pseudosuccinea columella is one of the main vectors of the medically-important trematode Fasciola hepatica. In Cuba, the existence of natural P. columella populations that are either susceptible or resistant to F. hepatica infection offers a unique snail-parasite for study of parasite-host compatibility and immune function in gastropods. Here, we review all previous literature on this system and present new "omic" data that provide a molecular baseline of both P. columella phenotypes from naïve snails. Comparison of whole snail transcriptomes (RNAseq) and the proteomes of the albumen gland (2D-electrophoresis, MS) revealed that resistant and susceptible strains differed mainly in an enrichment of particular biological processes/functions and a greater abundance of proteins/transcripts associated with immune defense/stress response in resistant snails. These results indicate a differential allocation of molecular resources to self-maintenance and survival in resistant P. columella that may cause enhanced responsiveness to stressors (i.e. F. hepatica infection or tolerance to variations in environmental pH/total water hardness), possibly as trade-off against reproduction and the ecological cost of resistance previously suggested in resistant populations of P. columella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annia Alba
- Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kourí", La Habana, Cuba; University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hosts Pathogens Environments UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France.
| | - Guillaume Tetreau
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hosts Pathogens Environments UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Cristian Chaparro
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hosts Pathogens Environments UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Jorge Sánchez
- Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kourí", La Habana, Cuba
| | - Antonio A Vázquez
- Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kourí", La Habana, Cuba; MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Gourbal
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hosts Pathogens Environments UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France.
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Vázquez AA, de Vargas M, Alba A, Sánchez J, Alda P, Sabourin E, Vittecoq M, Alarcón-Elbal PM, Pointier JP, Hurtrez-Boussès S. Reviewing Fasciola hepatica transmission in the West Indies and novel perceptions from experimental infections of sympatric vs. allopatric snail/fluke combinations. Vet Parasitol 2019; 275:108955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.108955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Patterns of distribution, population genetics and ecological requirements of field-occurring resistant and susceptible Pseudosuccinea columella snails to Fasciola hepatica in Cuba. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14359. [PMID: 31591422 PMCID: PMC6779948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50894-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudosuccinea columella snails transmit the trematode Fasciola hepatica, but in Cuba, six naturally occurring populations successfully resist parasite infection. Here, we present an updated distribution of P. columella in Cuba; 68 positive sites with the earliest records more abundant in west-central Cuba and with east-central populations generally corresponding to the newest samples. No records were found farther east. The IPA site reported 10.5% prevalence of F. hepatica-infected snails. Population genetics, studied through microsatellites, showed low allelic and multilocus genotypic richness (MLGT), mainly in susceptible populations, strong deviations from panmixia and high self-fertilization rates. Susceptible individuals were grouped in one major cluster containing the majority of MLGT, and two independent clusters grouped the MLGT of resistant individuals from western and central populations, respectively. From these, we propose that several introductions of P. columella occurred in Cuba, primarily in the west, with the early arrivals deriving on the resistant populations. A more recent introduction of susceptible P. columella carrying MLGT T and Y may have occurred, where the latter spread quickly through the island and possibly increase the risk of parasite transmission in Cuba since all snails naturally infected with F. hepatica were carriers of the MLGT Y. Interestingly, even though resistant populations are highly diverse and are likely the oldest within Cuba, they are only found in six localities characterized by soft (total hardness, TH = 6.3 ± 1.03°d) and slightly acidic (pH = 6.2 ± 0.12) waters with low richness in snail species (3.2 ± 1.02). This tendency was also observed in a two-year follow-up ecological study that was conducted on a farm where both phenotypes occurred in sympatry; colonization events by resistant over susceptible snails coincided with a reduction in the pH and TH of the water. A comparison of life traits in susceptible and resistant isolates reared at two different pH/TH conditions (5.9/4°d or 7.8/14°d) showed that low pH/TH negatively affects P. columella, irrespective of the phenotype. However, evidence of higher tolerance (higher survival, life expectancy, egg viability) to such conditions was observed in resistant isolates. Finally, we speculate that the limited distribution of resistant populations might be related to a better exploitation of sites that are less suitable to snails (thus, with lower competition), rather than to a differential ecological restriction to specific environmental conditions from susceptible P. columella.
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Sabourin E, Alda P, Vázquez A, Hurtrez-Boussès S, Vittecoq M. Impact of Human Activities on Fasciolosis Transmission. Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:891-903. [PMID: 30195634 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fasciolosis is a worldwide disease caused by the liver fluke Fasciola spp. This food- and water-borne disease is a major public health and veterinary issue. It is currently (re)emerging in several regions mainly due to the rapid evolution of human activities. This article reviews the current knowledge of the impact of irrigation-system management, livestock management, and human diet and hygiene habits on the emergence of fasciolosis. We also identify the gaps in this knowledge and the possible solutions for limiting these impacts. Integrated control seems to be the most effective solution for controlling fasciolosis, because it enables monitoring, prevention, and rapid action in case of the (re)emergence of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Sabourin
- Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Arles, France; MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Pilar Alda
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Antonio Vázquez
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba
| | - Sylvie Hurtrez-Boussès
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Département de Biologie-Ecologie, Faculté des Sciences, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Vittecoq
- Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Arles, France; MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
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