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Martins AV, Corrêa LL, Ribeiro MS, de Lima Coelho A, Lobão LF, Palmer JPS, Knackfuss FB, Molento MB, da Silva Barbosa A. Identification of third stage larvae of strongyles and molecular diagnosis of Strongylus vulgaris in the feces of Thoroughbred horses kept in training centers in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2024; 50:101019. [PMID: 38644042 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to identify strongyles in the feces of Thoroughbred horses based on larval morphology; to detect Strongylus vulgaris using molecular diagnosis and compare results to those of feces culture; and to determine the association between the presence of S. vulgaris with corresponding animal information (age range, gender, and anthelmintic use). Feces of horses kept in six Training Centers in Rio de Janeiro State, that showed the presence of ≥500 eggs per gram of feces (EPG) were subjected to strongyle identification. Of the 520 fecal samples collected, 35 had an EPG ≥ 500. After fecal culture for L3 larvae identification, DNA was extracted, subjected to PCR to amplify the ITS2 region DNA fragment of S. vulgaris, and sequenced. A total of 3500 larvae were analyzed. Most were classified as small strong (99.7%), with an emphasis on the type A subfamily of Cyathostominae. Forms of S. vulgaris only corresponded to 0.2%. In all, 25 samples showed amplified S. vulgaris DNA products and 11 showed nucleotide sequences with high sequence identity. Fecal culture and PCR results showed poor agreement (kappa = 0.105) for S. vulgaris diagnosis. Age, gender, anthelmintic use, and anthelmintic administration interval were not statistically significant. The present study showed the presence of S. vulgaris in the feces of horses kept in Rio de Janeiro Training Centers, mainly seen via PCR, which has emerged as the most effective tool for diagnosis. This study made it possible to identify strongyles that infect horses in the region, emphasizing upon the necessity for constant monitoring of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Vianna Martins
- Laboratório de Bioagentes Ambientais, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Parasitologia e Doenças Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos, Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laís Lisboa Corrêa
- Laboratório de Bioagentes Ambientais, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Santos Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Bioagentes Ambientais, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline de Lima Coelho
- Laboratório de Bioagentes Ambientais, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fernandes Lobão
- Laboratório de Bioagentes Ambientais, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Siqueira Palmer
- Laboratório de Bioagentes Ambientais, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alynne da Silva Barbosa
- Laboratório de Bioagentes Ambientais, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Pires LSA, Abrahão C, Dias de Castro LL, Hammerschmidt J, Antunes J, Molento CFM, Molento MB. Welfare assessment of Thoroughbred horses naturally infected with gastrointestinal parasites in Southern Brazil: Quantifying the host-parasite relationship. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 136:105062. [PMID: 38588754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Horse welfare assessment (HWA) does not account for individual or herd parasite infection. This study investigated the connection between HWA and individual parasite fecal egg count (FEC) in 90 Thoroughbred horses. All horses were naturally infected with gastrointestinal parasites and were evaluated for individual welfare indicators and FEC monthly, for 12 months. Horses were divided into three groups of 30 mares, 30 foals aged between 13 and 16 months (G2013), and 30 foals aged between two months and one year (G2014). A horse welfare protocol was developed and 1024 assessments were carried out by five trained assessors. FEC ranged from 0 to 5,760 with 98.8 % showing small strongyle eggs. Body condition scores were ideal in 94.4 % of the evaluations (n = 967), and 95.8 % of all horses had good clinical and behavioral indicators. Despite the variation in FEC, the data found no significant association between FEC and the behavioral indicators. The study suggests that FEC alone should not be used as a determinant of welfare when animals are managed with good nutritional and health management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Abrahão Pires
- Veterinary Clinical Parasitology Laboratory. Department of Veterinary Medicine. Federal University of Parana. Rua dos Funcionários, 1540. Curitiba, PR, Brazil. CEP: 80035-050.
| | - C Abrahão
- Veterinary Clinical Parasitology Laboratory. Department of Veterinary Medicine. Federal University of Parana. Rua dos Funcionários, 1540. Curitiba, PR, Brazil. CEP: 80035-050
| | - L L Dias de Castro
- Parasitology Laboratory. Department of Veterinary Medicine. University of Caxias do Sul. R. Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130. Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil. CEP: 95070-560
| | - J Hammerschmidt
- Pinhais Municipal Environmental Office. R. Cairo, 76. Pinhais, PR, Brazil. CEP: 83320-130
| | - J Antunes
- Private Practitioner. Rua Passos de Oliveira 675. São José dos Pinhais, PR, Brazil. CEP: 83030-720
| | - C F M Molento
- Animal Welfare Laboratory. Department of Animal Science. Federal University of Parana. Rua dos Funcionários, 1540. Curitiba, PR, Brazil. CEP: 80.035-050
| | - M B Molento
- Veterinary Clinical Parasitology Laboratory. Department of Veterinary Medicine. Federal University of Parana. Rua dos Funcionários, 1540. Curitiba, PR, Brazil. CEP: 80035-050
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Magalhães de Almeida T, Neto IR, de Oliveira Brandão Y, Molento MB. Geographic expansion of Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) due to changes in land use and cover in Brazil. Int J Parasitol 2024; 54:201-212. [PMID: 38160740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Fasciolosis is caused by parasites of the genus Fasciola, affecting animals and humans worldwide. In South America, the disease is a result of infection with Fasciola hepatica and although animal infections are more frequently reported, the full extent of the impact on human health due to underdiagnosis remains uncertain. This study analyzed changes in land use and the distribution of F. hepatica in bovine livers in Brazil over 18 years. Data on land use and land cover were collected from the Mapbiomas Project. Data on 414,481,963 slaughtered cattle and condemned livers due to F. hepatica infection were obtained from 4,433 municipalities. Joinpoint analysis was used to study the time series, and the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model was utilized to explore the behavior of F. hepatica infection. In the North, pasture areas significantly increased (P = 0.000001), while forested areas decreased (P = 0.000001). The midwestern and northern regions concentrated the highest number (>290 million) of cattle slaughtered in Brazil. More than 2 million bovine livers were infected by F. hepatica. The infected cattle originated from 194 municipalities in 2002, increasing to 747 in 2020. We consider that the changes in land use and intense cattle transportation may have caused the expansion of F. hepatica. The SIR model analyzed the spread of the disease looking at all six biomes: Caatinga, Amazon Forest, Cerrado, Pantanal, Atlantic Forest, and Pampa. Moreover, this infection not only threatens the health of animals but is also a major concern to biodiversity and vulnerable human communities in South America. Emblematic biomes such as the Amazon basin already face challenges with logging, desertification, and loss of biodiversity. Therefore, strategies for mitigating infection should include controlling illegal pasture areas, establishing health inspections of animal transport, quarantine of newly arrived animals, and livestock zoning, as well as clear One Health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayany Magalhães de Almeida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Federal University of Paraná, R: dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR CEP: 80.035-050, Brazil
| | - Irineu Romero Neto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Federal University of Paraná, R: dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR CEP: 80.035-050, Brazil
| | - Yara de Oliveira Brandão
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Federal University of Paraná, R: dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR CEP: 80.035-050, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Federal University of Paraná, R: dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR CEP: 80.035-050, Brazil.
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Dias De Castro LL, Oliveira Júnior GA, Perez BC, Carvalho ME, De Souza Ramos EA, Ferraz JBS, Molento MB. Genome-wide association study in thoroughbred horses naturally infected with cyathostomins. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2467-2479. [PMID: 35856721 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2099880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Cyathostomins are considered one of the most important parasites of horses. A group of horses within a herd can be responsible for eliminating the majority of parasite eggs. This phenotype might be explained by genetic factors. This study aimed to identify genomic regions associated with fecal egg count (FEC) and hematological parameters by performing a genomic-wide association study (GWAS) in Thoroughbred horses naturally infected with cyathostomins. Packed cell volume (PCV), differential leukocyte, and FEC were determined from 90 horses. All animals were genotyped using the Illumina Equine 70 K BeadChip panel containing 65,157 SNP markers. The five genomic windows that have explained the highest percentage of the additive genetic variance of a specific trait (top 5) were further explored to identify candidate genes. A total of 33, 21, 30, 21, and 19 genes were identified for FEC, PCV, eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocyte count, respectively. The top 5 marker regions explained 2.86, 2.56, 2.73, 2.33, and 2.37% of the additive genetic variation of FEC, PCV, eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes count, respectively. This is the first study correlating phenotypic horse health traits to GWAS analysis, which may be used for animal breeding activities, reducing losses due to parasite infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana L Dias De Castro
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Caxias do Sul. R: Francisco Getúlio Vargas, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gerson A Oliveira Júnior
- College of Animal Science and Food Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Bruno Costa Perez
- College of Animal Science and Food Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Minos E Carvalho
- College of Animal Science and Food Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Edneia A De Souza Ramos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - José Bento S Ferraz
- College of Animal Science and Food Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
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Buono F, Veneziano V, Veronesi F, Molento MB. Horse and donkey parasitology: differences and analogies for a correct diagnostic and management of major helminth infections. Parasitology 2023; 150:1119-1138. [PMID: 37221816 PMCID: PMC10801385 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In June 2022, at the XXXII Conference of the Italian Society of Parasitology, the parallels of the main endoparasitic infections of horses and donkeys were discussed. Although these 2 species are genetically different, they can be challenged by a similar range of parasites (i.e. small and large strongyles, and Parascaris spp.). Although equids can demonstrate some level of resilience to parasites, they have quite distinct helminth biodiversity, distribution and intensity among different geographical locations and breeds. Heavily infected donkeys may show fewer clinical signs than horses. Although parasite control is primarily provided to horses, we consider that there may be a risk of drug-resistance parasitic infection through passive infection in donkeys when sharing the same pasture areas. Knowing the possible lack of drug efficacy (<90 or 80%), it is advocated the use of selective treatment for both species based on fecal egg counts. Adult horses should receive treatment when the threshold exceeds 200–500 eggs per gram (EPG) of small strongyles. Moreover, considering that there are no precise indications in donkeys, a value >300 EPG may be a safe recommendation. We have highlighted the main points of the discussion including the dynamics of helminth infections between the 2 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Buono
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Veneziano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Veronesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Martins AV, Coelho ADL, Corrêa LL, Ribeiro MS, Lobão LF, Palmer JPS, Moura LCD, Molento MB, Barbosa ADS. First microscopic and molecular parasitological survey of Strongylus vulgaris in Brazilian ponies. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2023; 32:e006323. [PMID: 37377279 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612023036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The frequency of gastrointestinal parasites with an emphasis on Strongylus vulgaris was investigated among the Brazilian Pony breed kept on farms in the municipality of Teresópolis, state of Rio de Janeiro. Fecal samples were collected in three stud farms: A (n= 22 animals), B (n= 3), and C (n= 2). Fecal samples were subjected to the quantitative Mini-FLOTAC technique, using three different solutions, and to qualitative techniques. The parasite prevalence was found to be 81.4%. Eggs from strongylids were identified in 74% of the ponies. Eggs of Parascaris spp. were detected in 22.7% of the animals, which were all females of farm A. At this locality, mares were kept with their foals in fenced paddocks all the time. The NaCl solution of d = 1.200 g/ml was generally the one that presented the highest frequency of diagnosis of nematode eggs and the highest mean of fecal eggs per gram. The fecal samples were also subjected to the polymerase chain reaction for amplification of DNA from the ITS2 region for Strongylus vulgaris. Twelve samples presented nucleotide sequences for S. vulgaris. In the end, this study revealed the high frequency (96.3%) of S. vulgaris among ponies on farms in Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Vianna Martins
- Laboratório de Bioagentes Ambientais, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia e Doenças Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos, Teresópolis, RJ, Brasil
| | - Aline de Lima Coelho
- Laboratório de Bioagentes Ambientais, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Laís Lisboa Corrêa
- Laboratório de Bioagentes Ambientais, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Mariana Santos Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Bioagentes Ambientais, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Lucas Fernandes Lobão
- Laboratório de Bioagentes Ambientais, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - João Pedro Siqueira Palmer
- Laboratório de Bioagentes Ambientais, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Lucas Cavalcante de Moura
- Laboratório de Parasitologia e Doenças Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos, Teresópolis, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Alynne da Silva Barbosa
- Laboratório de Bioagentes Ambientais, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
- Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e Outras Protozooses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Nekoei S, Rezvan M, Khamesipour F, Mayack C, Molento MB, Revainera PD. A systematic review of honey bee (Apis mellifera, Linnaeus, 1758) infections and available treatment options. Vet Med Sci 2023. [PMID: 37335585 PMCID: PMC10357250 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Honey bees and honeycomb bees are very valuable for wild flowering plants and economically important crops due to their role as pollinators. However, these insects confront many disease threats (viruses, parasites, bacteria and fungi) and large pesticide concentrations in the environment. Varroa destructor is the most prevalent disease that has had the most negative effects on the fitness and survival of different honey bees (Apis mellifera and A. cerana). Moreover, honey bees are social insects and this ectoparasite can be easily transmitted within and across bee colonies. OBJECTIVE This review aims to provide a survey of the diversity and distribution of important bee infections and possible management and treatment options, so that honey bee colony health can be maintained. METHODS We used PRISMA guidelines throughout article selection, published between January 1960 and December 2020. PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Ovid databases were searched. RESULTS We have collected 132 articles and retained 106 articles for this study. The data obtained revealed that V. destructor and Nosema spp. were found to be the major pathogens of honey bees worldwide. The impact of these infections can result in the incapacity of forager bees to fly, disorientation, paralysis, and death of many individuals in the colony. We find that both hygienic and chemical pest management strategies must be implemented to prevent, reduce the parasite loads and transmission of pathogens. The use of an effective miticide (fluvalinate-tau, coumaphos and amitraz) now seems to be an essential and common practice required to minimise the impact of Varroa mites and other pathogens on bee colonies. New, alternative biofriendly control methods, are on the rise, and could be critical for maintaining honey bee hive health and improving honey productivity. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that critical health control methods be adopted globally and that an international monitoring system be implemented to determine honey bee colony safety, regularly identify parasite prevalence, as well as potential risk factors, so that the impact of pathogens on bee health can be recognised and quantified on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Nekoei
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rezvan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Faham Khamesipour
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Christopher Mayack
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering, Sabanci University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Microbiology, Parasitology, Pathology Program, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Pablo Damián Revainera
- Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lima LTFD, Ganzella FADO, Cardoso GC, Pires VDS, Chequin A, Santos GL, Braun-Prado K, Galindo CM, Braz Junior O, Molento MB, Acco A, Adami ER, Costa ET, Cavichiolo Franco CR, Klassen G, Ramos EADS. l-carvone decreases breast cancer cells adhesion, migration, and invasion by suppressing FAK activation. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 378:110480. [PMID: 37059214 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in the world and current therapeutic strategies present severe drawbacks. l-carvone (CRV), a monoterpene found in Mentha spicata (spearmint), has been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory activity. Here, we examined the role of CRV in breast cancer cell adhesion, migration and invasion in vitro and how this component could suppress the growth of Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice. In vivo, treatment with CRV significantly decreased tumor growth, increased tumor necrosis area, and reduced the expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice. Furthermore, the anticancer efficacy of CRV was similar to currently used chemotherapy (Methotrexate), and the combination of CRV with MTX potentiated the chemotherapy effects. Further mechanistic investigation in vitro revealed that CRV modulates the interaction of breast cancer cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM) by disrupting focal adhesion, which was shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and immunofluorescence. Moreover, CRV caused a decrease in β1-integrin expression and inhibited focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation. FAK is one of the most important downstream activators of several metastatic processes, including MMP-2 mediated invasion and HIF-1α/VEGF angiogenesis stimulus, both of which were found to be reduced in MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to CRV. Our results provide new insight about targeting β1-integrin/FAK signaling pathway with CRV, which could be a new potential agent in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Trevisan França de Lima
- Pos-graduate Program of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Casani Cardoso
- Pos-graduate Program of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Verônica Dos Santos Pires
- Pos-graduate Program of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Andressa Chequin
- Pos-graduate Program of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Giulia Luiza Santos
- Molecular Oncology Center, Research and Education Institute, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karin Braun-Prado
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Odair Braz Junior
- Pos-graduate Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Pos-graduate Program of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Acco
- Pos-graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Eliana Rezende Adami
- Pos-graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Erico Tosoni Costa
- Molecular Oncology Center, Research and Education Institute, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Giseli Klassen
- Pos-graduate Program of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Edneia Amancio de Souza Ramos
- Pos-graduate Program of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Juliana Ribeiro Dolenga C, Dos Anjos A, José Arruda E, Beltrão Molento M. Copper chloride and copper sulphate in combination with nitroxynil against gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants: A possible hitchhiking synergic effect at low concentrations. Int J Parasitol 2023; 53:177-183. [PMID: 36657612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. are major health problems for sheep and cattle. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of copper chloride (CuCl2), and copper sulphate (CuSO4) at 2.0, 7.0, 30.0, 125.0, 500.0, and 2000.0 µM formulations, and nitroxynil 34% (NTX) at 0.235 mM against gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) of ruminants. Hence, the in vitro egg hatch test (EHT), the larval development test (LDT), and the larval migration inhibition test (LMIT) were used. Haemonchus spp. (52%) and Trichostrongylus spp. (38%) were the most frequently found parasites. The data fitted a concentration-dependent shape with the highest efficacies of CuCl2 and CuSO4 at 95.2 and 97.3% for parasites collected from sheep, and 95.8 and 93.4% from cattle, respectively. The combination of the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of CuCl2 and CuSO4 and the IC10 of NTX showed up to a 52% increase in efficacy above the expected additive results, demonstrating a synergic/drug enhancer interaction. NTX may retain Cu-II ions by complexation, in a hitchhiking mechanism carrying the salts across the parasite cell wall, causing oxidative stress as a consequence of free radical production and cell damage. Synergy data between NTX and CuCl2, and CuSO4 represent a viable opportunity to develop new formulations for combating parasites of ruminants (i.e., Fasciola hepatica, Haemonchus spp., and Oesophagostomum spp.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Juliana Ribeiro Dolenga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Rua dos Funcionários 1540, CEP: 80.035-050 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Alan Dos Anjos
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Rua dos Funcionários 1540, CEP: 80.035-050 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Arruda
- Technology Development Center/Laboratory of Polymers and Bioactive Products and Biomolecules, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rod. Dourados-Itahum, km 12, CEP: 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Rua dos Funcionários 1540, CEP: 80.035-050 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Brandão YDO, Molento MB. A Systematic Review of Apicomplexa Looking into Epigenetic Pathways and the Opportunity for Novel Therapies. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020299. [PMID: 36839571 PMCID: PMC9963874 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in host epigenetic changes during apicomplexan infections increased in the last decade, mainly due to the emergence of new therapies directed to these alterations. This review aims to carry out a bibliometric analysis of the publications related to host epigenetic changes during apicomplexan infections and to summarize the main studied pathways in this context, pointing out those that represent putative drug targets. We used four databases for the article search. After screening, 116 studies were included. The bibliometric analysis revealed that the USA and China had the highest number of relevant publications. The evaluation of the selected studies revealed that Toxoplasma gondii was considered in most of the studies, non-coding RNA was the most frequently reported epigenetic event, and host defense was the most explored pathway. These findings were reinforced by an analysis of the co-occurrence of keywords. Even though we present putative targets for repurposing epidrugs and ncRNA-based drugs in apicomplexan infections, we understand that more detailed knowledge of the hosts' epigenetic pathways is still needed before establishing a definitive drug target.
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Lima EDS, Abrão DC, Vieira DL, Molento MB. Allium sativum extract against free-living larvae of Rhipicephalus microplus: a potential environmental biocontrol. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 34:100769. [PMID: 36041804 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The infestation of Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) (Canestrini, 1887) represents a significant health problem for cattle. Up until today, no consistent control has been recommended for the free-living larval stage of R. microplus. The objective of the present study was to determine the larvicidal effect of an Allium sativum (garlic) aqueous extract against R. microplus using the larval package test, LPT. Tick larvae were obtained from adult female ticks from naturally infected animals, and 200 larvae were exposed to each A. sativum extract concentration (5, 7, 10, 16, 25, and 50%). All garlic groups received the extract in three different volumes (2, 5, and 7 ml) to determine the levels of humidity that would affect the free-living stage. Larvae from the control group were treated with distilled water and the positive control used cypermethrin in a 5-ml volume. Live and dead larvae were determined after 24 h of exposure. There was a significant statistical difference (P = 0.041) at 5% between 2 and 5 ml and between 7 and 10% of the extract using 2 ml (P = 0.034). There was a significant larvicidal activity of 100% mortality for the 16, 25, and 50% concentrations for all volumes. We observed a clear concentration-dependent effect for the extracts with a correlation coefficient of R2 > 0.92. The lethal concentration of 50% (LC50) was 13.6, 9.8, and 7.6% for the 2, 5, and 7 ml. The present A. sativum solutions may be considered a viable biofriendly alternative to reduce the number of the free-living larval stage of R. microplus on pasture and the consequent reduction of cattle infestation due to its high larval mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Cuglovici Abrão
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Minas Gerais, Muzambinho, MG, Brazil
| | - Douglas Luís Vieira
- Department of Veterinary Science, Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP: 80035-050 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Department of Veterinary Science, Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP: 80035-050 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Molento MB, Brandão YO. Macrocyclic lactone resistance in nematodes of cattle in Brazil: Blame it to the ticks! Parasitol Int 2022; 89:102588. [PMID: 35452796 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Strategic helminth control in adult cattle would hardly impose sufficient selection pressure to parasite populations but reports of resistance against macrocyclic lactone (ML) based-products have been confirmed worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the scientific literature of ML resistance (< 90.0% efficiency) in helminths of cattle from 2001 (the first report) to 2020 in Brazil. Additional to the data, we studied the correlation of parasite control practices based on a questionnaire given to 32 farmers. The search returned 246 reports and 21 full articles were selected. From these, a Wordcloud and a Keyword Co-occurrence Network graph were created. The published data revealed that most of the studies (19/21) reported multi-species (Cooperia spp., Haemonchus sp., Oesophagostomum radiatum, Trichostrongylus sp.) resistance to ML. None of the reports described the treatment frequency in the tested farms. As for the questionnaire, the majority of farmers (> 70.0%) responded that they rotate products after treatment, animals are treated monthly or biweekly (58.0%), treatments are based on visual evaluation (coat condition, ectoparasite infestation), and that in 94.0% of the times farmers treat all animals. Moreover, farmers use ML in association with potent acaricides (cypermethrin, chlorpyriphos, fluazuron) in more than 90.0% of the times (15/16). It was observed that this regimen was used to prevent and control the cattle-tick Rhipicephalus microplus (90.0%) and the horn-fly, Haematobia irritans (30.0%) infestations. We conclude that the most important factor for nematode resistance was the high level of ML exposure of up to 16 times/year, in combination with acaricides to control ticks and to a lesser extent to control horn-flies. Therefore, selection of helminth populations in cattle in Brazil can be considered secondary to ectoparasite control. The present analysis is critical, as one the most widespread recommendations to avoid drug resistance is to reduce the use of long-acting compounds, due to their extended persistent periods, increasing parasite selection. Moreover, a more serious attitude must be taken regarding parasite control strategies for livestock, reinforcing that health protocols should be based on single acaricidal products whenever possible. Complementary, selective evaluations based on transient threshold population abundance must be enforced to reduce treatment frequency, reducing parasite selection and animal distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Federal University of Parana. Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Graduate Program of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Parana, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Yara O Brandão
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Federal University of Parana. Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Graduate Program of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Parana, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Campos KFD, Monteiro ALG, Pontarolo DV, Molento MB. Suppressive treatment with monepantel and the fast selection for phenotypically resistant trichostrongylids of sheep. Parasitology 2022:1-5. [PMID: 35241201 DOI: 10.1017/s003118202200018x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal parasite control has been a major challenge to livestock due to the failure of anthelmintic treatments. Monepantel (MNT) was introduced in 2009 as an alternative treatment option showing a new mechanism of action against nematode parasites. To study the response of MNT in a suppressive regime, 45-Suffolk and White Dorper naturally infected sheep were divided into one of three groups, G1: control – with no treatment, G2: MNT at 2.5 mg kg−1 live weight (LW) PO every 30 days, and G3: MNT at 4.0 mg kgLW−1 PO every 30 days for 6 months. Every 15 days, the animals were individually weighed (body weight, BW) and checked for Famacha (FMC) and body condition score (BCS). The efficacy of MNT was evaluated weekly by fecal egg count (FEC) every month. FEC showed >97% efficacy at the start of the experiment, revealing a significant reduction for G2 (28%) and G3 (39%) in the following months. There was no treatment, BW or BCS effect between treatments; however, there was a period (P < 0.0001) and a treatment vs period interaction (P < 0.0001) for BW. The data revealed that MNT at a therapeutic and suppressive dose had a non-linear polynomial efficacy regression (R2) of 0.988 and 0.992, respectively. This original experiment demonstrates how short-interval and suppressive MNT treatments would rapidly select Haemonchus contortus, showing a fast susceptible-resistance phenotypic population replacement. Therefore, it is suggested that MNT might be carefully used in parasite control programmes alongside other management strategies (i.e. FMC, BCS) to reduce treatment frequency and the selection process for resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Francisca Duarte Campos
- Department of Animal Science, Sheep and Goat Production and Research Center, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Alda Lúcia Gomes Monteiro
- Department of Animal Science, Sheep and Goat Production and Research Center, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Desiree Vera Pontarolo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Dolenga CJR, Anjos AD, Barbosa VHG, Yoshitani UY, Castilho PLDSP, Miyakawa VI, Molento MB. Acaricidal effect of major compounds to control Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1887) in dairy cows and possible alternatives for reversing multidrug resistance. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2022; 31:e005422. [PMID: 35648979 PMCID: PMC9901876 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612022028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tick control represent a great challenge to animal health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of acaricidal compounds against Rhipicephalus microplus from dairy cattle systems in Paraná State, Brazil. Six farms (PR1-PR6) were selected, where anti-tick products were applied at fixed intervals. Two other farms that adopted alternative protocols; target selective treatment (PRS), and individual-based agroecological protocol (PRA) were also included in the trial. Fully engorged R. microplus were collected for the in vitro adult immersion test (AIT), and the egg hatch test (EHT) in all eight populations. The larval packet test (LPT) was used on PR6 and PRA tick populations. The treatment groups were composed of G1: dichlorvos 45% plus cypermethrin 5%, G2: deltamethrin 2.5%, G3: cypermethrin 15%, chlorpyriphos 25%, plus citronellal 1%, and G4: amitraz 12.5%. The efficacy at PR1 to PR6 revealed that G3 and G4 achieved moderate to high efficacy, from 75.0 to 100.0% and 73 to 98%, respectively. In the LPT, the efficacy at PR6 was 76.0, 67.0, 93.0 and 30.6%, while PRA presented 100.0, 100.0, 100.0, and 54.0%, for G1, G2, G3 and G4, respectively. Sustainable parasite control strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Juliana Ribeiro Dolenga
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Clínica Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Alan Dos Anjos
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Clínica Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Victor Hugo Granza Barbosa
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Clínica Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Ursula Yaeko Yoshitani
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Clínica Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Clínica Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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Maestrini M, Molento MB, Forzan M, Perrucci S. In vitro anthelmintic activity of an aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra and of glycyrrhetinic acid against gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants. Parasite 2021; 28:64. [PMID: 34468311 PMCID: PMC10649775 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the in vitro anthelmintic activity of a liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root aqueous extract and of glycyrrhetinic acid at 30, 10, 5, 1, and 0.5 mg/mL against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs), using the egg hatch test (EHT), the larval development test (LDT), and the larval migration inhibition test (LMIT). The compounds were applied on a mixture of GIN eggs and larvae, mainly Trichostrongylus spp. and Teladorsagia/Ostertagia spp. Cytotoxicity assays were also performed. In the EHT, both candidates showed significant concentration-dependent efficacy and were significantly more effective (p < 0.001) at the highest concentrations (30 and 10 mg/mL) than the lowest ones. In the LDT, only G. glabra showed a concentration-dependent effect (R2 = 0.924), but glycyrrhetinic acid (R2 = 0.910) had significantly higher efficacy than G. glabra root extract. Moreover, the efficacy of glycyrrhetinic acid at 30, 10, and 5 mg/mL was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than at lower concentrations. In the LMIT, G. glabra showed concentration-dependent efficacy (R2 = 0.971), while considerably reduced efficacy was observed for glycyrrhetinic acid (R2 = 0.855) at the lowest concentrations. These data suggest that the two compounds may have different mechanisms of action. In the LMIT, the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of glycyrrhetinic acid (~5.12 mg/mL) was > 2.0-fold lower when compared to G. glabra (12.25 mg/mL). Analysis and previous findings indicated low toxicity for both compounds. The results obtained encourage in vivo studies aimed at evaluating the potential use of the tested compounds as natural de-wormers in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Maestrini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa Viale delle Piagge 2 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Paraná R. dos Funcionarios, 1540 Curitiba 80035-050 PR Brazil
| | - Mario Forzan
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa Viale delle Piagge 2 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Stefania Perrucci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa Viale delle Piagge 2 56124 Pisa Italy
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Perrucci S, Salari F, Maestrini M, Altomonte I, Guardone L, Nardoni S, Molento MB, Martini M. Cyathostomin fecal egg count and milk quality in dairy donkeys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e028220. [PMID: 34076059 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612021046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to assess the possible relationship between gastrointestinal strongylid infections and milk quantity and quality in donkeys used for milk production. Individual fecal and milk samples were collected from 16 multiparous lactating jennies of Amiatina breed at their 6th month of lactation. Statistical analysis was carried out between strongylid eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) and milk parameters. All animals were found to shed cyathostomin eggs, with EPG ranging from 150 to 1900. A higher milk production was observed in animals showing an EPG< 250, but this result was statistically not significant. Conversely, significant higher concentrations of milk urea and pH values, and lower concentrations of milk lactose, were observed in jennies with an EPG >1000. In conclusion, results from this study suggest that cyathostomin EPG values > 1000 may affect milk quality in dairy donkeys. Considering the novelty of these findings, more data needs to be collected to determine EPG thresholds to be used as a good marker for parasite infections influencing milk performance and quality in donkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica Salari
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Lisa Guardone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Clínica Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Mina Martini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Molento MB. Ivermectin against COVID-19: The unprecedented consequences in Latin America. One Health 2021; 13:100250. [PMID: 33880395 PMCID: PMC8050401 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, R. dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Abstract
Donkeys, mules, and asses are domestic animals of worldwide distribution, found in all regions of Brazil. Although more health data is needed from these species, some sectors of today’s society are exploring alternatives to use these animals for milk production and the use of donkeys in social events and onotherapy. Donkeys (Equus asinus) are used in many everyday activities, but the animals need better welfare conditions. Although it is well known that endoparasite infections (i.e. cyathostomins, Strongylus spp., Parascaris sp.) can harm the clinical condition of the animals, there are limited clinical and laboratory supporting data, including registered therapeutic drugs for their control. The objective of the present work was to review the existing literature about parasite infections of donkeys, including their clinical implications, and the drug efficacy test to help practitioners improve their health management programs. To assist with that, we have developed a questionnaire to identify the risk factors of donkey farming, which is presented here in English and in Portuguese. Lastly, the present article also includes an original simulation using the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model with low, moderate, and severe scenarios to help visualize the risk of parasite infections. The SIR model was based on the disease condition of donkeys in Brazil, using transient interaction levels from 0.0015 to 0.0025, infectivity levels from 0.10 to 0.40, and distinct recovery rates (R) from 0.01 to 0.08. As milk production is an expanding new activity worldwide, we want to emphasize that the first comprehensive studies must take into account differences in animal age, breed, and body condition score, local climate, pasture quality, day of sampling, and the period of lactation within the lactation curve to measure the health condition of donkeys. These data are considered important and will then be correlated to the parasite egg/oocyst (EPG or OoPG) counts in the feces using coproparasitological protocols (McMaster and Mini-FLOTAC), and even DNA-based techniques, to establish a novel data bank for donkeys. Target selective treatment has been proposed to be used as a routine in horses and will also be implemented in donkeys. This technique aims to reduce the number of anthelmintic treatments and, consequently, lessen parasite selection for resistance. The dynamic variations found by the SIR model are discussed in the text and should be taken into account when deciding the best health management implementation and parasite control programs. We think that more studies are needed to evaluate the basic physiological performance of donkeys in tropical areas to better understand their thermal adaptation, assuming that the animals are kept under acceptable clinical, nutritional, and housing conditions to express their resilient behavior. Cases of neglect and ill-treatment of animals must also be studied in infected conditions as well as their negative impacts. These strategies reinforce the concept of holistic farming with the possibility to improve specific informations, thereby improving the welfare of the donkeys.
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Vieira DL, Milczewski V, Molento MB. COMPARAÇÃO DA SENSIBILIDADE DE TRÊS DIFERENTES TÉCNICAS COPROPARASITOLÓGICAS PARA DIAGNÓSTICO DE HELMINTOS EM CÃES. AVS 2020. [DOI: 10.5380/avs.v15i5.76969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Os helmintos gastrintestinais de cães são uma das principais fontes de contaminação ambiental e agressão aos animais. O controle dessas parasitoses é importante tanto para a saúde animal como humana. Helmintos dos gêneros Ancylostoma e Toxocara estão envolvidos em casos de zoonoses por exemplo, causando respectivamente a larva migrans cutânea e visceral. Tendo em vista a importância desses agentes etiológicos, o presente estudo tem por objetivo calcular e avaliar a sensibilidade de três diferentes técnicas coproparasitológicas comumente utilizadas na rotina clínica. O objetivo é determinar qual técnica possui o diagnóstico mais sensível para helmintos de cães. Para tal, foram utilizadas 81 amostras de fezes de cães, entre eles adultos e filhotes acima de seis meses, provenientes do Centro de Bem-estar Animal do Município de São Francisco do Sul, SC. Todas as amostras passaram por processamento para três técnicas coproparasitológicas, sendo elas flutuação em solução saturada de NaCl (Técnica de Willis), centrífugo-flutuação em solução 33% de sulfato de zinco (Técnica de Faust) e sedimentação em H2O (Técnica de Hoffmann). Para calcular a sensibilidade foi utilizada a equação definida pela Organização Pan-americana de Saúde [(A / (A + C) x 100]. Onde A representa os casos verdadeiro-positivos (amostras positivas em pelo menos uma das técnicas realizadas) e C representa os casos falso-negativos (amostras negativas para a técnica avaliada, porém positiva em outra técnica). Das 81 amostras, 60 (74,1%) foram verdadeiro-positivos para algum tipo de helminto de cão e 11 (13,6%) amostras foram verdadeiro-negativos (negativos nas três técnicas realizadas). A técnica de flutuação foi a que apresentou a melhor sensibilidade com 98,4%, seguida pela técnica de centrífugo-flutuação com sensibilidade de 78,6%. A técnica de sedimentação foi a que teve a menor sensibilidade com apenas 42,9%. Com base nos resultados encontrados, podemos afirmar que a técnica de flutuação é a que tem melhor sensibilidade no diagnóstico e pode ser a escolha para diagnóstico, quando houver suspeita de helmintoses em cães.
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Dall'Anese J, Pontarolo DV, De Aquino ÚYYT, Molento MB. PARASITOS MULTIRESISTENTES A DROGAS EM EQUINOS DE SÃO JOSÉ DOS PINHAIS, PARANÁ: RELATO DE CASO. AVS 2020. [DOI: 10.5380/avs.v15i5.77118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Equinos são hospedeiros de uma grande variedade de parasitos. O tratamento supressivo dessas infecções reforçou a ocorrência do fenômeno de resistência parasitária, como pode ser observado neste estudo. Sugere-se a adoção de práticas mais seletivas e estratégicas, visando a preservação do bem estar e sanidade dos animais.
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Prado CM, Vieira DL, Molento MB. DETERMINAÇÃO DA POPULAÇÃO DE HELMINTOS GASTRINTESTINAIS EM OVINOS DO MUNICÍPIO DE SANTA TEREZINHA DE ITAIPU, PARANÁ, BRASIL. AVS 2020. [DOI: 10.5380/avs.v15i5.76970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A criação de pequenos ruminantes, possui importância econômica e social no mundo todo. Nesse aspecto, as helmintoses gastrintestinais estão listadas como uma das principais causas de impacto negativo na saúde e bem-estar de ovinos e caprinos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência de helmintos que acometem ovinos. Foram coletadas dez amostras de ovinos (entre adultos e jovens) em uma propriedade no munícipio de Santa Terezinha de Itaipu, que se localiza a 615 Km de Curitiba, PR. Todas as amostras foram mantidas sob refrigeração até o seu processamento. Também foi realizado questionário de histórico clínico, onde o responsável relatou tratamento com levamisol 17 dias antes da coleta. Além disso, foi relatado que nunca foi realizada nenhuma forma de tratamento seletivo ou exame coproparasitológico. Para quantificar a ocorrência dos helmintos encontrados, foi realizada a técnica de coprocultura que possibilita a determinação dos gêneros de parasitos encontrados a partir da morfologia da larva. Para realizar a técnica, foi adicionado cerca de 30 g de fezes com vermiculite comercial. O conteúdo foi misturado com o auxílio de uma espátula até que se obtivesse um composto homogêneo que preenchesse 2/3 de um frasco de 500 mL com boca larga. Logo após, o conteúdo foi umidificado com água destilada e coberto com placa de Petri, permitindo a entrada de ar com o auxílio de um barbante cruzando transversalmente a boca do frasco. O frasco foi mantido em temperatura ambiente (acima de 20º C) por dez dias e a cada dois dias o conteúdo foi novamente umidificado com água destilada. Após dez dias, o frasco foi preenchido com água destilada morna e coberto com uma placa de Petri. O recipiente foi invertido afim de estimular a migração larval para a placa por termotropismo. Depois de passadas 12 h, o conteúdo líquido da placa de Petri foi coletado com o auxílio de uma pipeta Pasteur, para em seguida ser realizada a leitura. Três alíquotas de 10 µL foram lidas em microscópio óptico no aumento de 40x. Na média, foram contabilizadas 210 larvas por alíquota. Das larvas de helmintos encontrados, 91% pertenciam a parasitos do gênero Haemonchus, enquanto que 9% pertenciam ao gênero Trichostrongylus. Com base nos resultados encontrados, podemos afirmar que Haemonchus é o parasito com maior população e consequentemente de maior importância nessa propriedade. Também podemos suspeitar de resistência do Haemonchus ao levamisol na propriedade, pois esse helminto apresentou alta ocorrência mesmo após recente tratamento. Novos estudos e coletas de dados com auxílio de técnicas mais acuradas (ex. PCR) são necessários para determinar a presença de mutações relativas a resistência ao levamisol.
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Cintra MCR, Vieira DL, Rezende EA, Molento MB. AVALIAÇÃO ECONÔMICA DA UTILIZAÇÃO DO TRATAMENTO SELETIVO NAS INFECÇÕES PARASITÁRIAS EM OVINOS. AVS 2020. [DOI: 10.5380/avs.v15i5.76971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A ovinocultura é uma considerável fonte de renda para pequenos produtores, como também importante para a produção e exportação de produtos como carne, leite e seus derivados, e lã. Considerando que as helmintoses gastrintestinais em pequenos ruminantes estão listadas como uma das principais causas de diminuição na produção, elas também são responsáveis pelo alto gasto com produtos anti-helmínticos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar o custo-benefício da implementação do tratamento seletivo para o controle das endoparasitoses em comparação com o tratamento sistemático em todo o rebanho. A propriedade estudada está situada no município de Colombo, região metropolitana de Curitiba. A propriedade apresenta 30 matrizes mestiças das raças Texel e Île-de-France e um reprodutor, trocado a cada ano, também das respectivas raças. As ovelhas são criadas em sistema semi-intensivo, com pastagem nativa e suplementadas com silagem e concentrado. Previamente ao início da rotina de acompanhamento da propriedade, foi realizado o teste de redução na contagem de ovos nas fezes para a determinação do anti-helmíntico eficaz na população parasitária e consequentemente o utilizado no tratamento seletivo. O medicamento Levamisol apresentou a melhor eficácia (88%). Foram realizadas análises mensais durantes os meses de fevereiro até dezembro do ano de 2019, anotando o custo das doses de anti-helmíntico com a utilização do tratamento seletivo (análise real dos dados) e em relação ao custo do tratamento sistemático (análise hipotética). Para a análise hipotética dos custos do tratamento, foram selecionados seis princípios ativos mais utilizados na região, sendo: ivermectina, monopantel, moxidectina, nitroxinil e levamisol. Estabeleceu-se uma média de peso de 60 kg para a determinação da dosagem. O cálculo do tratamento sistemático por princípio ativo foi realizado através da seguinte fórmula: nº de animais avaliados no mês x dosagem de cada princípio ativo x o valor do princípio ativo. Os animais que receberam tratamento seletivo foram os que apresentaram FAMACHA 3, 4 ou 5, escore corporal menor que 2 e sinal clínico de edema submandibular. Em comparação com o tratamento seletivo (R$7,25), todos os grupos de tratamento sistemático apresentaram maior custo com anti-helmínticos. Os grupos apresentaram as seguintes médias de custo, albendazol com R$7,71, levamisol R$11,34, ivermectina R$15,42, moxidectina R$18,15, nitroxinil R$25,86 e monopantel que demonstrou maior diferença com custo médio de R$206,80. Notamos essa maior diferença no último composto principalmente por ser o com maior valor do mercado. É perceptível que mesmo em produtos com preços parecidos e no caso do levamisol o mesmo, o tratamento seletivo demonstrou ser o mais econômico. Baseado nos resultados descritos e associado com bem-estar do rebanho e controle de resistência parasitária já relatados no sistema de tratamento seletivo, esse é o modo de controle parasitário mais indicado, afim de obter vantagens econômicas e bem-estar animal.
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Molento MB, Chaaban A, Gomes EN, Santos VMCDS, Maurer JBB. PLANT EXTRACTS USED FOR THE CONTROL OF ENDO AND ECTOPARASITES OF LIVESTOCK: A REVIEW OF THE LAST 13 YEARS OF SCIENCE. AVS 2020. [DOI: 10.5380/avs.v25i4.72145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Bortoluzzi BB, Buzatti A, Chaaban A, Pritsch IC, Dos Anjos A, Cipriano RR, Deschamps C, Molento MB. Mentha villosa Hubs., M. x piperita and their bioactives against gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants and the potential as drug enhancers. Vet Parasitol 2020; 289:109317. [PMID: 33246235 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases caused by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are responsible for a major impact on ruminant welfare. Although the available anthelmintics have a safe margin of toxicity to the animals, their indiscriminate use has increased the selection of resistant parasite populations. In this scenario, essential oils (EO) stand out as a promising ecofriendly therapeutic alternative against GIN. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of the EO of Mentha villosa Hubs (MVEO) collected in 2017 and 2018, M. x piperita (MPEO) and their main components, carvone and limonene, against the third stage larvae (L3) of Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. The solutions, including in nanoemulsion preparations, were tested in a range of concentrations using the larval migration inhibition test (LMIT). The EO and carvone were also tested in combination with nitroxynil (NTX) to determine their effect as drug enhancers (additive or synergy). MVEO/2017, MVEO/2018, MPEO and carvone showed 70.6 (73.4 mg/mL), 86.3 (74.9 mL/mL), 95.5 (143.6 mg/mL), and 88.2 % (38.3 mg/mL) efficacy against L3, respectively. Carvone alone had approximately a 3-fold higher efficacy when compared to its concentration in each EO: 68.8 % in MVEO/2017 and 83.9 % in MVEO/2018. Limonene did not show any significant effect on inhibiting L3 migration. The combination of MPEO and NTX, and carvone and NTX showed a statistically significantly (P < 0.05) synergic and additive effect, respectively, when compared to the isolated treatment. The nanoemulsion of MVEO/2017 at 0.367 mg/mL, inhibited L3 migration by 83.1 %, demonstrating to be highly effective (concentration ratio of 1:0.004), when compared to the MVEO/2017 (70.6 % at 73.4 mg/mL) extraction. The in vitro data from the combination of MPEO or carvone plus NTX suggest that these products can be considered for in vivo experiments against the most important GIN of ruminants as drug enhancers, possibly reducing the final concentration of NTX`. The efficacy of carvone was higher (EC50 = 1.96 mg/mL) than its expected efficacy, based on its concentrations on both EO. Therefore, this component does not need the entire EO composition to exert its L3 motility action. The remarkable efficacy demonstrated by the MVEO/2017/nanoemulsion (EC50 = 0.10 mg/mL), supports its potential to be a candidate to the next-generation therapy to alleviate clinical parasite infections and combat GIN resistant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Batista Bortoluzzi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Andréia Buzatti
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Western University of Santa Catarina, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amanda Chaaban
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Large Animal Clinic, Catarinense Federal Institute, Araquari, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Izanara Cristine Pritsch
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alan Dos Anjos
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Roger Raup Cipriano
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cícero Deschamps
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Silva AEP, Freitas CDC, Dutra LV, Molento MB. Correlation between climate data and land altitude for Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle in Santa Catarina, Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 29:e008520. [PMID: 32785524 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fascioliasis is a food-borne parasitic disease that affects a range of animals, including humans caused by Fasciola hepatica. The present study aimed to determine the spatial distribution of bovine fasciolosis and to assess the correlation between the high Positivity Index (PI) and climate data and land altitude, from 2004 to 2008 and 2010 in Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil. Condemned livers of slaughtered animals were obtained from 198 out of 293 municipalities and from 518.635 animals, exclusively from SC. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) between the prevalence of F. hepatica and land altitude ( ρ ^ s = -0.43). The highest PI (above 10.1%) was observed in cities at 500 to 600 m (P < 0.01; ρ ^ s = -0.47) of altitude. There was no correlation between fascioliasis and rainfall in SC. It was determined that weather conditions in the past decade did not impose any limitation to the occurrence of the parasite, making it a disease of permanent clinical importance. These findings are essential to regions with similar geographical and climate conditions (i.e. altitude), when considering long-term control measurements, where animals and humans can be infected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elisa Pereira Silva
- Divisão de Sensoramento Remoto, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| | - Corina da Costa Freitas
- Divisão de Processamento de Imagens, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| | - Luciano Vieira Dutra
- Divisão de Processamento de Imagens, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Clínica Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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Molento MB. COVID-19 and the rush for self-medication and self-dosing with ivermectin: A word of caution. One Health 2020; 10:100148. [PMID: 32632377 PMCID: PMC7313521 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, R: dos Funcionarios, 1540, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. CEP: 80.035-050
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Pritsch IC, Stanula ECA, Anjos AD, Bertot JA, Molento MB. Fascioliasis in buffaloes: A 5-year forecast analysis of the disease based on a 15-year survey in Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 28:410-415. [PMID: 31340249 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612019040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In South America, fascioliasis caused by the trematode Fasciola hepatica is an anthropozoonosis disease associated with significant economic losses and poor animal welfare. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of F. hepatica in the liver of buffaloes slaughtered from 2003 to 2017 in Brazil, and to perform a forecast analysis of the disease for the next five years using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. Data analysis revealed an incidence of 7,187 cases out of 226,561 individuals. The disease presented a considerable interannual variation (p<0.005). Fasciola hepatica was more prevalent in the southern states of Brazil; Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina, presenting 11.9, 7.7, and 3.2% of infected livers, respectively. The high frequency of liver condemnation in Paraná was influenced by weather conditions. The ARIMA models calculated a constant trend of the disease, depicting an average of its future prevalence. The models also described a worse-case and a positive-case scenario, calculating the effects of intervention measurements. In reality, there is an urgent need for regular diagnostic in the animals (fecal and immune diagnose) and in the environment (intermediate host), in order to avoid the high rates of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izanara Cristine Pritsch
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Alan Dos Anjos
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - José Alberto Bertot
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidad de Camagüey Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz, Camaguey 74569, Cuba
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Chaaban A, Gomes EN, Richardi VS, Martins CEN, Brum JS, Navarro-Silva MA, Deschamps C, Molento MB. Data of insecticide effects of natural compounds against third instar larvae of Cochliomyia macellaria. Data Brief 2019; 25:104181. [PMID: 31372479 PMCID: PMC6657013 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological biomarkers can be used to establish a diagnosis of fly larvae structural damage and toxicity to target cells by biopesticide candidates. Insecticide activity of natural compounds such as Curcuma longa essential oil (CLLEO) extracted from leaves, and its major constituent α-phellandrene have proven to be a novel biopesticide candidate against third instar larvae (L3) of Cochliomyia macellaria. In this way, groups of 20 L3 were placed on filter paper impregnated with different concentrations of CLLEO, from 0.31 to 2.86 μL/cm2 and α-phellandrene, from 0.29 to 1.47 μL/cm2. The extracts were solubilized in ethanol. Data shown in this article is related to the research article “Can an overlooked by-product from turmeric industry be effective for myiasis control?” Chaaban et al., 2019. Data on L3 toxicity was observed after 6 and 24h of contact with both extracts, as well as a marked reduction of L3 movement, color changes in the cuticle and progressive darkening in their body. Major cuticle damage and L3 mortality were reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Chaaban
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Federal University of Parana, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Catarinense Federal Institute, IFC, Araquari, SC, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Federal University of Parana, Rua dos Funcionarios, 1540, Curitiba, Parana, CEP: 80.035-050, Brazil.
| | - Erik Nunes Gomes
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Department of Plant Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Sobrinho Richardi
- Morphology and Physiology the Culicidae e Chironomidae, Federal University of Parana, UFPR Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Sperotto Brum
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Mário Antônio Navarro-Silva
- Morphology and Physiology the Culicidae e Chironomidae, Federal University of Parana, UFPR Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Cícero Deschamps
- Department of Plant Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Federal University of Parana, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT-Livestock, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Federal University of Parana, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Chaaban A, Carvalho Silva Santos VM, Nogueira Martins CE, Brum JS, Bertoldi FC, Molento MB. Effects of Tagetes minuta essencial oil on Lucilia cuprina third instar larvae. Data Brief 2019; 25:104008. [PMID: 31317061 PMCID: PMC6612029 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of Tagetes minuta essential oil (TMEO) was tested against third instar larvae (L3) of the Australian blowfly Lucilia cuprina. We have determined the potential of the T. minuta EO as a new biopesticide candidate. To test this, groups of 20 L3 were placed on filter paper impregnated with ranging concentrations (from 0.19 to 6.36 μL/cm2) of TMEO, solubilized in acetone. Data show in this article is related to research article “Tissue damage and cytotoxic effects of Tagetes minuta essential oil against Lucilia cuprina” Chaaban et al., 2019. Thus, data of cuticle damage, color changes in L3 body and decrease in L3 motility were recorded 24 and 48 h after TMEO contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Chaaban
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Parana. Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Catarinense Federal Institute. Araquari, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Sperotto Brum
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Parana. Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Parana. Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT-Livestock. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Pritsch IC, Garcia RL, Douat D, Schwendler RR, Buttendorf MRB, Molento MB. First reported case of clinical fascioliasis in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20190070. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0070-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Chaaban A, Richardi VS, Carrer AR, Brum JS, Cipriano RR, Martins CEN, Silva MAN, Deschamps C, Molento MB. Insecticide activity of Curcuma longa (leaves) essential oil and its major compound α-phellandrene against Lucilia cuprina larvae (Diptera: Calliphoridae): Histological and ultrastructural biomarkers assessment. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2019; 153:17-27. [PMID: 30744891 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lucilia cuprina, known as the Australian blowfly, is of high medico-sanitary and veterinary importance due to its ability to induce myiasis. Synthetic products are the most frequent form of fly control, but their indiscriminate use has selected for resistant populations and accounted for high levels of residues in animal products. This study aimed to assess the effect of essential oil from leaves of Curcuma longa (CLLEO), and its major compound α-phellandrene against L. cuprina L3. An additional goal was to determine the morphological alterations in target organs/tissues through ultrastructural assessment (SEM) and light microscopy, as well as macroscopic damage to cuticle induced by CLLEO. Groups of 20 L3 were placed on filter paper impregnated with increasing concentrations of CLLEO (0.15 to 2.86 μL/cm2) and α-phellandrene (0.29 to 1.47 μL/cm2). Efficacy was determined by quantifying L3 mortality 6, 24 and 48 h after contact with CLLEO and by measuring the structural damage to L3. CLLEO and α-phellandrene inhibited adult emergence by 96.22 and 100%, respectively. Macroscopic cuticle damage, appeared as diffuse pigment and darkening of larval body, was caused by both extracts. The SEM revealed dryness on the cuticle surface, distortion of the sensorial structures and general degeneration in treated L3. Furthermore, alterations in target organs (digestive tract, fat body and brain) were noticed and shall be used as biomarkers in future attempts to elucidate the mechanism of action of these compounds. The vacuolar degeneration and pyknotic profiles observed in the brain tissue of treated larvae with both extracts and the decreased motility within <6 h after treatment leads us to suggest a neurotoxic activity of the products. This work demonstrates the potential use of CLLEO and α-phellandrene as bioinsecticides to be used against L. cuprina, representing an ecofriendly alternative for myiasis control in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Chaaban
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Catarinense Federal Institute, Araquari, Brazil.
| | - Vinicius Sobrinho Richardi
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physiology of Culicidae and Chironomidae, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Sperotto Brum
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Roger Raupp Cipriano
- Laboratory of Phytotechnology and Crop Protection, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Mário Antônio Navarro Silva
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physiology of Culicidae and Chironomidae, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cicero Deschamps
- Laboratory of Phytotechnology and Crop Protection, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Chaaban A, Richardi VS, Carrer AR, Brum JS, Cipriano RR, Martins CEN, Navarro-Silva MA, Deschamps C, Molento MB. Cuticular damage of Lucilia cuprina larvae exposed to Curcuma longa leaves essential oil and its major compound α-phellandrene. Data Brief 2018; 21:1776-1778. [PMID: 30505915 PMCID: PMC6251368 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological biomarkers as the histopathological assessment and scanning electron microscopy can be used to establish a diagnosis of structure damage and intoxication of target cells by new biopesticide candidate. In this sense, cuticle damage caused by active substances in larvae exposed to biopesticides can help to elucidate the mode action. Thus, insecticide activity analysis of essential oil of Curcuma longa leaves and its major compound α-phellandrene have proven to be a new biopesticide candidate against third instar larvae (L3) of the Australian blowfly Lucilia cuprina. In this way, groups of 20 L3 were placed on filter paper, impregnated with ranging concentrations (from 0.15 to 2.86 μL/cm2) of C. longa leaves EO and (0.29–1.47 μL/cm2) to α-phellandrene. The extracts were solubilized in ethanol. Progressive darkening in the body of L3, marked reduction of movement, color changes in larval cuticle and dead were observed 6 and 24 h after contact with both extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Chaaban
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Parana, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Catarinense Federal Institute, IFC, Araquari, SC, Brazil.,Agricultural Research and Extension of Santa Catarina, EPAGRI, Itajai, SC, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT-Livestock, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Sobrinho Richardi
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physiology of Culicidae and Chironomidae, Federal University of Parana, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Agricultural Research and Extension of Santa Catarina, EPAGRI, Itajai, SC, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT-Livestock, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Regina Carrer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Catarinense Federal Institute, IFC, Araquari, SC, Brazil.,Agricultural Research and Extension of Santa Catarina, EPAGRI, Itajai, SC, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT-Livestock, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Sperotto Brum
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Agricultural Research and Extension of Santa Catarina, EPAGRI, Itajai, SC, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT-Livestock, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Roger Raupp Cipriano
- Laboratory of Phytotech and Crop Protection, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Agricultural Research and Extension of Santa Catarina, EPAGRI, Itajai, SC, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT-Livestock, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Nogueira Martins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Catarinense Federal Institute, IFC, Araquari, SC, Brazil.,Agricultural Research and Extension of Santa Catarina, EPAGRI, Itajai, SC, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT-Livestock, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mário Antônio Navarro-Silva
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physiology of Culicidae and Chironomidae, Federal University of Parana, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Agricultural Research and Extension of Santa Catarina, EPAGRI, Itajai, SC, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT-Livestock, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cicero Deschamps
- Laboratory of Phytotech and Crop Protection, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Agricultural Research and Extension of Santa Catarina, EPAGRI, Itajai, SC, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT-Livestock, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Parana, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Agricultural Research and Extension of Santa Catarina, EPAGRI, Itajai, SC, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT-Livestock, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Santos DW, Madeira de Carvalho LM, Molento MB. Identification of third stage larval types of cyathostomins of equids: An improved perspective. Vet Parasitol 2018; 260:49-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Buzatti A, Fernandez AD, Arenal A, Pereira E, Monteiro ALG, Molento MB. Sheep polyclonal antibody to map Haemonchus contortus mimotopes using phage display library. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2018; 27:183-190. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-296120180023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate phage display technology for mapping Haemonchus contortus mimotopes. We screened the PhD-7 Phage Display Peptide Library Kit with a sheep polyclonal antibody against H. contortus. After four rounds of selection, 50 phage peptide clones were selected by biopanning and sequenced. Two clones displaying peptide mimotopes of H. contortus proteins were chosen for sheep immunization: clone 6 - mimotope of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and clone 17 - mimotope of a disorganized muscle family member (Dim 1). Twelve sheep were allocated into 3 groups of 4 animals as follow: G1: control group; G2/GAPDH: immunized with clone 6; and G3/Dim1: immunized with clone 17. Four immunizations were performed at intervals of seven days (0, 7, 14, and 21 days). On day 28 post initial vaccination, all groups were orally challenged with 2500 H. contortus infective larvae. The mimotope peptides selected by phage display were recognized by IgG from sheep naturaly infected with H. contortus. The immunization protocol showed an increasein IgG anti-M13 phage titers, but no effect was observed in IgG-specific for the anti-mimotope peptides. This is the first report of successful use of a phage display library for the identification of mimotopes of H. contortus proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Erlán Pereira
- Universidad de Camagüey Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz, Cuba
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Chaaban A, Santos VMCS, Gomes EN, Martins CEN, Amaral WD, Deschamps C, Molento MB. Chemical composition of Piper gaudichaudianum essential oil and its bioactivity against Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Journal of Essential Oil Research 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2017.1423406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Chaaban
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Laboratory of Parasitic diseases, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Catarinense Federal Institute (IFC), Araquari, Brazil
| | | | - Erik Nunes Gomes
- Department of Plant Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Wanderlei do Amaral
- Department of Plant Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cícero Deschamps
- Department of Plant Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT-Livestock, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Salgado JA, Molento MB, Sotomaior CS, Dias LT, Dias de Castro LL, Faisca LD, Monteiro ALG. Endoparasite and nutritional status of Suffolk lambs in seven production systems. Anim Prod Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an16437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lambs are the most susceptible category for parasite infections; therefore, the choice of the production system can influence nutritional status and reduce parasite infections. The present study aimed to evaluate the endoparasites and nutritional status of meat lambs in seven production systems. In the feedlot, they were (S1) early weaned lambs in feedlot and (S2) unweaned lambs in feedlot with controlled suckling. On pasture, they were (S3) early weaned lambs on pasture without supplementation, (S4) early weaned lambs on pasture with concentrate supplementation post-weaning, (S5) unweaned and unsupplemented lambs on pasture, (S6) unweaned lambs on pasture with concentrate supplementation and creep-feeding and (S7) unweaned lambs on pasture with free access to creep-grazing on white clover (Trifolium repens). Suffolk lambs (n = 132) were evaluated from 45 to 101 days of age, at 14-day intervals (0, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days). Parasite faecal egg count (FEC), FAMACHA score (FMC), average daily weight-gain and body condition score (BCS) were evaluated. The animals were treated with anthelmintics when they had FMC 3, 4 or 5 and/or FEC above 700. BCS and FEC (r = –0.361) and BCS and FMC variables (r = –0.313) were negatively correlated (P ≤ 0.01). FEC was lower in feedlot and in creep-feeding animals than in the other systems after the second evaluation (28 days). The weaned feedlot-lamb and controlled-suckling systems presented the best performance. On pasture, the animals in creep-feeding and creep-grazing had the best performance. Weaned and unsupplemented lambs on pasture had the lowest daily weight-gain (63 g/day) and the highest FMC scores (43% of animals) and the lowest BCS (mean 1.5). The endoparasite and nutritional statuses of the lambs were strongly correlated and were influenced by the production system, mainly when the ewes were present and the lambs received supplementation on pasture.
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Molento MB, Araújo FBD, Buzatti A, Santos CDP. In vitro efficacy of Duddingtonia flagrans against nematodes of sheep based on in vivo calculations. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2018; 27:87-90. [PMID: 29069157 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612017050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Duddingtonia flagrans has been tested as an alternative parasite control, but data from in vitro experiments based on in vivo calculations describing nematophagous fungi predation in nematodes are restricted. The objective of this work was to determine the efficacy of D. flagrans against sheep nematode larvae in vitro using in vivo calculations. Fecal samples were introduced to fungi in different concentrations: 0.0/control; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.4; 0.8; 1.6; 3.2; and 6.4 g corresponding, respectively, to 583.000; 1.166.000; 2.332.000; 4.664.000; 9.328.000; 18.656.000; 37.312.000 and 74.624.000 chlamydospores/kg of body weight. The material was incubated for 14 days, before the larvae recovery (Assay 1). Assay 2 was carried out with the doses of 0.00625; 0.0125; and 0.025 g. The results showed a negative correlation between fungal concentrations and larval numbers for both assays. The fungus demonstrated an efficacy above 89% in both assays. Thus, we consider that the data from in vitro studies based on in vivo calculations may optimize the fungi quantities for field experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Andréia Buzatti
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Clóvis de Paula Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia - CBB, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
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Soldera-Silva A, Seyfried M, Campestrini LH, Zawadzki-Baggio SF, Minho AP, Molento MB, Maurer JBB. Assessment of anthelmintic activity and bio-guided chemical analysis of Persea americana seed extracts. Vet Parasitol 2017; 251:34-43. [PMID: 29426474 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the extracts and fractions of Persea americana Mill. (Avocado) seeds and to determine the composition and the in vitro anthelmintic activity against third-stage larvae (L3) of Haemonchus contortus. The fresh (F) and dried (H) avocado seeds (PA) were subjected to extraction with hot water (W-PAF, W-PAH), ethanol (E-PAF, E-PAH) or methanol 70% (v/v), and partition with solvents of increasing polarity [n-hexane (H-PAF, H-PAH), chloroform (C-PAF, C-PAH), ethyl acetate (Ea-PAF, Ea-PAH), and n-butanol (B-PAF, B-PAH)], yielding a total of 14 extracts/fractions. After considering the yield, water solubility, and the preliminary results of the larval migration test (LMT), the E-PAF, E-PAH, H-PAF, and H-PAH were selected for further experiments. E-PAH presented an efficiency concentration of 50% (EC50) of 36 μg/mL on the LMT. E-PAH showed the greatest efficiency when its EC50 was compared to the other fractions (E-PAF = 147 μg/mL; H-PAF = 801 μg/mL; H-PAH = 77 μg/mL). After that, the E-PAH was chemically characterized, considering its quantitative polyphenolic and flavonoid contents by colorimetric and chromatographic techniques. E-PAH presented 50, 38, and 24 mg/g of dry matter of total phenol, condensed tannins (CT), and flavonoid contents, respectively. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, E-PAH had shown to have epicatechin (4.7 μg/mL), rutin (2.8 μg/mL), and chlorogenic acid (1.4 μg/mL) as its main constituents besides quercetin. These isolated compounds were evaluated using the LMT in order to relate the composition to the anthelmintic activity observed for E-PAH. Quercetin (EC50 = 7.8 μg/mL) and epicatechin (EC50 = 10 μg/mL) presented a higher efficiency than rutin (EC50 = 30 μg/mL). Chlorogenic acid was also tested with the LMT but did not present a significant efficiency. According to the results, the phenolic composition of E-PAH and the EC50 values obtained for the isolated phenols, it can be suggested that, besides the CT content, the presence of epicatechin and rutin contributed to the larvicidal activity of E-PAH. In conclusion, avocado seeds may be used as a source of polyphenols with promising anthelmintic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Soldera-Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Melina Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Selma Faria Zawadzki-Baggio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, 80035-050, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Bello Baron Maurer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Molento MB, Bennema S, Bertot J, Pritsch IC, Arenal A. Bovine fascioliasis in Brazil: Economic impact and forecasting. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2017; 12:1-3. [PMID: 31014798 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica causes liver damage and poor growth in cattle and other animals, including humans. Although the disease occurs throughout the country, it is hyperendemic in cattle in the South of Brazil. This work aimed to determine the economical loss by carcass weight variance using data from all the states where F. hepatica is found, as well as to run a disease forecast analysis for the Rio Grande do Sul State. We found a direct loss of approximately US$ 210 million/year from infected cattle in Brazil and the ARIMA model analysis revealed that an increase of fascioliasis is most probable if no parasite control program is adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Paraná, R: dos Funcionarios, 1540, Curitiba CEP: 80035-050, PR, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology - Livestock, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Sita Bennema
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Paraná, R: dos Funcionarios, 1540, Curitiba CEP: 80035-050, PR, Brazil
| | - José Bertot
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Camaguey, Circunvalacion Norte km 5, Camaguey 74569, Cuba
| | - Izanara Cristine Pritsch
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Paraná, R: dos Funcionarios, 1540, Curitiba CEP: 80035-050, PR, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Arenal
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Camaguey, Circunvalacion Norte km 5, Camaguey 74569, Cuba
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Buzatti A, De Paula Santos C, Vieira DL, Beltrão Molento M. NEMATOIDES GASTRINTESTINAIS DE EQUINOS COM ÊNFASE NO BIOCONTROLE POR Duddingtonia flagrans. AVS 2017. [DOI: 10.5380/avs.v22i4.50588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
O controle das infecções causadas por parasitos em equinos, em especial grandes e pequenos estrôngilos, desperta grande preocupação, pois estes podem causar graves prejuízos, ocasionando inclusive a morte dos animais acometidos. Somado a isto, o controle utilizado em criatórios baseia-se no uso intensivo de compostos químicos e sem associação com outras formas de controle, acelerando a seleção de populações parasitárias resistentes. Assim, existe a necessidade de métodos alternativos para o controle das infecções parasitárias em equinos. O controle biológico realizado com o fungo Duddingtonia flagrans tem apresentado resultados promissores. O fungo é capaz de resistir à passagem pelo trato gastrintestinal de equinos e desenvolver-se no material fecal, exercendo sua atividade predatória sobre estágios larvares de parasitos. Seu uso pode promover como consequência, a redução do número de larvas infectantes presentes na pastagem e uma menor taxa de reinfecção dos animais. Acreditamos que esta estratégia de controle parasitário para equinos possa ser associada a um programa sanitário integrado, reduzindo à dependência de anti-helmínticos químicos e a seleção para nematoides resistentes. Esta revisão tem o objetivo de abordar os principais helmintos em equinos e suas formas de controle, ressaltando o potencial de D. flagrans como alternativa no controle biológico dos parasitos.
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Sprenger LK, Giese EG, Dos Santos JN, Molento MB. ATIVIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA DO EXTRATO HIDROALCÓOLICO DE FICUS CARICA E POLYGALA SPECTABILIS. AVS 2017. [DOI: 10.5380/avs.v22i3.43464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo foi avaliar a eficácia de diferentes formulações de fitoterápicos candidatos a antimicrobianos, produzidos a partir de folhas de caamembeca (Polygala spectabilis - EFC) e figo (Ficus carica - EFF). Os fitoterápicos foram produzidos com 30 dias de percolação a 4ºC e liofilizados, sendo posteriormente utilizados para realizar a marcha fitoquímica, o teste de toxicidade e o ensaio antioxidante. O bioensaio de ação antibacteriana foi realizado frente a Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Staphylococcus aureus utilizando diluições em caldo com concentrações exponenciais (20 μg.ml-1 a 2560 μg.ml-1) dos extratos. Nas análises fitoquímicas, foram evidenciados diversos compostos com propriedades antimicrobianas. A atividade antioxidante mensurada em 640 μg/ml, em relação ao ácido ascórbico, do EFC foi de 68,4% ao passo que para o EFF foi de 89,9%. O EFF teve eficácia, frente a todas as bactérias testadas, com uma concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) de 1280; 2560; 1280 e 320 μg/ml, para C. perfringens, E. coli, P. aeruginosa e S. aureus, respectivamente, todavia o EFC só agiu frente a S. aureus, com CBM de 2560 μg/ml. Os resultados obtidos nos testes bioquímicos, juntamente com os encontrados nos testes in vitro, evidenciaram que o EFF é um candidato a antimicrobiano.
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Trevisan L, Pritsch IC, Molento MB. PARASITOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CRESS (NASTURTIUM OFFICINALE, BARBAREA VERNA E LEPIDIUM SATIVUM) SAMPLES FROM CURITIBA AREA, BRAZIL. AVS 2017. [DOI: 10.5380/avs.v22i3.50962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Molento MB, Canever RJ. In vitro evaluation of ivermectin, moxidectin, albendazole and pyrantel against cyathostomins of horses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 27:91-94. [PMID: 29160353 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612017055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyathostomins are the most prevalent nematodes of horses, and multidrug resistance has been reported worldwide. There is a need to implement alternative drug monitoring analytical tests. The objective of this study was to determine the consistency (5 repetitions) of the larval migration on agar test (LMAT) using ivermectin, moxidectin, pyrantel or albendazole against cyathostomin infective-stage larvae in eight different concentrations. LMAT showed a strong coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.91), between the test repetitions (n=5). The average 50% effective concentration (EC50) for ivermectin, moxidectin, pyrantel and albendazole were 0.0404, 0.0558, 0.0864 and 0.0988 nMol, respectively. The results of the EC50 for albendazole showed the greatest range of concentration. Ivermectin and moxidectin had the lowest in between-test variation. In the future, internationally certified susceptible isolates could be used for screening new drug candidates, or to follow up the pattern of drug efficacy from field populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Genético-Sanitária da Pecuária Brasileira - INCT-Pecuária, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Ricardo José Canever
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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Chaaban A, Martins CEN, Bretanha LC, Micke GA, Carrer AR, Rosa NF, Ferreira L, Molento MB. Insecticide activity of Baccharis dracunculifolia essential oil against Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:2954-2958. [PMID: 29052447 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1392947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The ethnobotanical uses of Brazilian plants for different injuries and diseases conjoined with local rich biodiversity represent an important resource for research and development. This study aimed to characterise BDEO and its in vitro activity on the third instar larvae (L3) of Cochliomyia macellaria. Groups of 20 L3 were placed on filter paper impregnated with increasing concentrations of 5-30% (v/v), equivalent to 0.79-4.77 μL/cm2, solubilised in ethanol or acetone. The major constituents of BDEO were β-pinene (9.94%), D-limonene (9.59%), β-nerolidol (7.93%), caryophyllene (7.69%), spathulenol (6.69), α-muurolene (6.74%) and α-pinene (5.31%). Lethal concentrations of 50% for BDEO on C. macellaria (LC50) after 24 and 48 h of exposure were 2.63 and 2.47 μL/cm2 for ethanol and 9.58 and 8.11 μL/cm2 for acetone, respectively. Furthermore, larvae cuticle abnormalities and adult deformity were observed. Our data confirm the effectiveness of BDEO as an ecofriendly product against blowflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Chaaban
- a Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases , Federal University of Parana, UFPR , Curitiba , Brazil.,b Department of Veterinary Medicine , Catarinense Federal Institute, IFC , Araquari , Brazil
| | | | | | - Gustavo Amadeu Micke
- c Laboratory of Capillary Electrophoresis , Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC , Florianopolis , Brazil
| | | | - Nathália França Rosa
- b Department of Veterinary Medicine , Catarinense Federal Institute, IFC , Araquari , Brazil
| | - Luisa Ferreira
- b Department of Veterinary Medicine , Catarinense Federal Institute, IFC , Araquari , Brazil
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- a Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases , Federal University of Parana, UFPR , Curitiba , Brazil.,d National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT-Livestock , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
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Fernandes MAM, Gilaverte S, Bianchi MD, da Silva CJA, Molento MB, Reyes FGR, Monteiro ALG. Moxidectin residues in tissues of lambs submitted to three endoparasite control programs. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:406-411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ishii JB, Arenal A, Chicoy Y, Molento MB. Comparison of Two Methods for the Isolation of Genomic DNA from Cyathostomin Adult Parasites. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 2017. [DOI: 10.16988/iuvfd.320203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Salas-Romero J, Gomez-Cabrera K, Molento MB, Lyons ET, Delgado A, González L, Arenal A, Nielsen MK. Efficacy of two extra-label anthelmintic formulations against equine strongyles in Cuba. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2017; 8:39-42. [PMID: 31014635 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Equine cyathostomin parasites are ubiquitous in grazing horses and have been shown to cause severe inflammatory disease in the large intestine of horses. Decades of intensive anthelmintic therapy have led to widespread anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomins across the world. In Cuba, no anthelmintic products are formulated and sold for equine usage and little is known about anthelmintic efficacy of ruminant and swine formulations used. A strongyle fecal egg count reduction test was used to assess the efficacy of a liquid formulation of ivermectin labelled for use in swine, ruminants and carnivores and a pelleted formulation of albendazole labelled for usage in ruminants. Nine farms in the province Camagüey were enrolled in the study comprising 149 horses in total. Albendazole efficacy was reduced on five farms and with the other four farms having no signs of reduced efficacy. Mean farm efficacies were ranging from 41.7% to 100% on the tested farms. Coprocultures found large strongyle larvae present on all farms, but all larvae identified post-treatment were cyathostomins. Ivermectin was found 100% efficacious on all studied farms. This study provided evidence of reduced albendazole efficacy in the study population. Further work is needed to evaluate whether these findings reflect true resistance or if they are due to pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic characteristics of the pelleted formulation tested here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josmel Salas-Romero
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Camagüey, Ignacio Agramonte Loynáz. Cuba. Carretera de Circunvalación Km 5 1/2, Camagüey 74 650, Cuba.
| | - Karel Gomez-Cabrera
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Camagüey, Ignacio Agramonte Loynáz. Cuba. Carretera de Circunvalación Km 5 1/2, Camagüey 74 650, Cuba
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540 - Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, HV Juvevê, 80035-050 Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Eugene T Lyons
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY 40546-0099, USA
| | - Anay Delgado
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Camagüey, Ignacio Agramonte Loynáz. Cuba. Carretera de Circunvalación Km 5 1/2, Camagüey 74 650, Cuba
| | - Luis González
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Camagüey, Ignacio Agramonte Loynáz. Cuba. Carretera de Circunvalación Km 5 1/2, Camagüey 74 650, Cuba
| | - Amilcar Arenal
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Camagüey, Ignacio Agramonte Loynáz. Cuba. Carretera de Circunvalación Km 5 1/2, Camagüey 74 650, Cuba
| | - Martin K Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY 40546-0099, USA
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Ishii JB, Arenal A, Felix A, Yoshitani U, Beech R, Molento MB. Diagnosis of resistance alleles in codon 167 of the beta-tubulin (Cya-tbb-1) gene from third-stage larvae of horse cyathostomins. Res Vet Sci 2017; 115:92-95. [PMID: 28199900 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Anthelmintic resistance is a serious problem for the control of equine gastrointestinal nematodes. In the present survey, 173 third stage larvae of cyathostomins were investigated from three different locations for the presence of the resistant genotype at codon 167 of the beta-tubulin gene, as this is the most prevalent mutation. The larvae from the state of Parana (n=67), Sao Paulo (n=54) and Santa Catarina (n=52), showed 61.2; 31.5 and 38.5% of the heterozygous resistant genotype - TTC/TAC, respectively. An unpublished mutation at codon 172 that results in a serine (S) to threonine (T) substitution was found in 17.9% (12/67) of samples from Parana; and 13.0% (7/54) of samples from Sao Paulo. We have compared the molecular diagnostic with the fecal egg count data (R2=-0.79) from the same farms, and consider that the use of routine molecular diagnostic in individual larva may help to determine the population genetic distribution that is associated with drug failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Bana Ishii
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Federal University of Parana, R: dos Funcionarios 1540, Curitiba PR. CEP: 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Arenal
- Department of Morphophysiology, University of Camaguey, Circunvalación Norte, Km 5 1/2, 74650 Camaguey, Cuba
| | - Aline Felix
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Federal University of Parana, R: dos Funcionarios 1540, Curitiba PR. CEP: 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Ursula Yoshitani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Federal University of Parana, R: dos Funcionarios 1540, Curitiba PR. CEP: 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Robin Beech
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, 21.111 Lakeshore Rd, Sainte-Anne de Bellevue, Canada
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Federal University of Parana, R: dos Funcionarios 1540, Curitiba PR. CEP: 80035-050, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT-Livestock. Av., Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte MG. CEP: 31270-901, Brazil.
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Sprenger LK, Maurer JBB, Baggio SFZ, De Magalhães PM, Molento MB. Atividade ovicida e larvicida do extrato hidroalcoólico de Artemisia annua sobre Haemonchus contortus. AVS 2016. [DOI: 10.5380/avs.v21i4.44485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus é responsável por causar enorme prejuízo econômico na produção de pequenos ruminantes, retardando o crescimento e causando anemia em animais infectados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a eficácia in vitro do extrato hidroalcoólico de Artemisia annua frente a estágios de vida livre deste parasito. O fitoterápico foi produzido com 7 dias de percolação a 4ºC, sendo posteriormente liofilizado. Foram realizados o teste de eclodibilidade de ovos (TEO) e o teste de desenvolvimento larval (TDL), com concentrações crescentes (0,78 a 50 mg/mL) em seis repetições. Para analisar a composição química do fitoterápico, procedeu-se a marcha fitoquímica completa. O produto obtido a partir da A. annua apresentou eficácia de 93,22% (±1,87) no TEO, já no TDL a eficácia foi de 90,33% (±0,27), ambos na concentração de 50 mg/ml. Nas análises fitoquímicas, foram encontrados diversos compostos que podem ter contribuído com o efeito anti-helmíntico, tanto direta como indiretamente. Os dados da marcha fitoquímica, aliados aos resultados dose-dependentes obtidos nos testes in vitro evidenciam que o extrato produzido possui potencial para combater H. contortus. Novos estudos devem ser realizados buscando maximizar a eficácia deste extrato.
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