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Wei X, Meng B, Li Y, Peng H, Zhao X. Sensitive and rapid detection of Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:1015695. [PMID: 38469538 PMCID: PMC10926511 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1015695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Background Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus are closely related to human life, and transmit a variety of viruses, causing serious harm to human health. Cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene has been selected as a marker gene for studying phylogeny and molecular evolution of species and is also an effective molecular marker for studying the evolutionary mechanism and systematic reconstruction of diptera insects. Methods A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for the rapid and sensitive detection of Cx. pipiens and Ae. albopictus were first described in this study. The experimental results were verified by real-time PCR. Results Our study showed the lower limit of sample concentration that can be detected by LAMP method is 0.5 pg/μl within 20 min for Cx. pipiens, and 1 pg/μl within 20 min for Ae. albopictus, which were more sensitive than PCR method. Validation tests with field samples showed LAMP method had good specificity and sensitivity and could identify the target species quickly and accurately. Conclusion The LAMP method developed in this study allowed the rapid and sensitive detection of Cx. pipiens and Ae. albopictus, which will be expected to be used for mass screening in batches of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wei
- Department of Pest Management, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
| | - Biao Meng
- Department of Pest Management, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pest Management, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
| | - Hong Peng
- Department of Pest Management, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
| | - Xiangna Zhao
- Department of Pest Management, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Trivellone V, Cao Y, Blackshear M, Kim CH, Stone C. Landscape Composition Affects Elements of Metacommunity Structure for Culicidae Across South-Eastern Illinois. Front Public Health 2022; 10:872812. [PMID: 35592085 PMCID: PMC9110776 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.872812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay among invasive alien vectors and the species assemblage of native potential vectors in areas of range expansion may affect the dynamics of pathogen transmission. In this study we investigate how Aedes albopictus, an invasive mosquito of considerable public health concern fits within mosquito communities at the edge of its range of distribution. This was addressed using a 2-year field survey of mosquitoes in south-eastern Illinois. We found that Ae. albopictus was more broadly distributed in this region than previously realized, with new occurrence records for nine counties. Abundance of this species varied strongly and peaked in locations of low-intermediate overall mosquito species richness. This differed from overall mosquito abundance, as well as abundance of another important vector, Cx. pipiens, for which the abundance-richness relationships were best described with power functions. Metacommunity analyses revealed that mosquito communities showed a non-random distribution with a Clementsian gradient, which suggests a pattern whereby distinct species assemblages are associated with specific habitats or environmental conditions. Land use was a significant underlying factor shaping mosquito community structure and species assemblages. Multivariate analyses showed that while Ae. canadensis and Cx. pipiens complex mosquitoes were associated with high and low proportions of wetlands in the environment, respectively, Ae. albopictus was most strongly associated with urban settlements. This work sheds light on landscape-level processes, such as niche differentiation driven by urban and agricultural development, structuring mosquito communities. We suggest that mosquito community assessments across habitats be incorporated as part of a One Health vector surveillance approach to aid in the goal of prediction and prevention of new and (re-)emerging vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Trivellone
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Yanghui Cao
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Millon Blackshear
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Chang-Hyun Kim
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Christopher Stone
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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Porretta D, Mastrantonio V, Lucchesi V, Bellini R, Vontas J, Urbanelli S. Historical samples reveal a combined role of agriculture and public-health applications in vector resistance to insecticides. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1567-1572. [PMID: 34984788 PMCID: PMC9303699 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide resistance is the major threat to vector control and for the prevention of vector-borne diseases. Because almost all insecticides used against insect vectors are or have been used in agriculture, a connection between agricultural insecticide use and resistance in insect vectors has been hypothesized. However, it is challenging to find a causal link between past agricultural use of insecticides and current resistance in vector populations without historical data series. Here we investigated the relative contribution across time of agricultural and public-health insecticide applications in selecting for diflubenzuron (DFB) resistance in Culex pipiens populations. Using DNA sequencing, we looked for DFB resistant mutations in current and historical mosquito samples, dating back to the 1980s-1990s, when DFB was used in agriculture but not yet in mosquito control. RESULTS In the samples collected before the introduction of DFB in vector control, we found the resistant mutation I1043M in rural regions but not any of the neighboring urban and natural areas, indicating that the selection pressure was derived by agriculture. However, after the introduction of DFB for vector control, the resistant mutations were found across all study areas showing that the initial selection from agriculture was further boosted by the selection pressure imposed by the mosquito control applications in the 2000s. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a combined role of agricultural and public-health use of insecticides in vector resistance across time and call for specific actions in integrated resistance management, including increased communication between agriculture and health practitioners. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Porretta
- Department of Environmental BiologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | | | | | - Romeo Bellini
- Medical and Veterinary Entomology DepartmentCentro Agricoltura Ambiente ‘G. Nicoli’BolognaItaly
| | - John Vontas
- Department of Crop Science, Pesticide Science LabAgricultural University of AthensAthensGreece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyFoundation for Research and Technology HellasHeraklion, CreteGreece
| | - Sandra Urbanelli
- Department of Environmental BiologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
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Suesdek L. Microevolution of medically important mosquitoes - A review. Acta Trop 2019; 191:162-171. [PMID: 30529448 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review intends to discuss central issues regarding the microevolution of mosquito (Culicidae) vectors of several pathogens and how this process impacts vector biology, disease transmission, and vector control attempts. On the microevolutionary context, it comparatively discusses the current knowledge on the population genetics of representatives of the genera Aedes, Anopheles and Culex, and comments on insecticide resistance of culicids. It also discusses other biological aspects of culicids that are not usually addressed in microevolutionary studies, such as vectorial competence, endosymbiosis, and wing morphology. One conclusion is that mosquitoes are highly genetically variable, adaptable, fast evolving, and have versatile vectorial competence. Unveiling microevolutionary patterns is fundamental for the design and maintenance of all control programs. Sampling methods for assessing microevolution must be standardized and must follow meaningful guidelines, such as those of "landscape genetics". A good understanding of microevolution requires more than a collection of case studies on population genetics and resistance. Future research could deal not only with the microevolution sensu stricto, but also with evolutionarily meaningful issues, such as inheritable characters, epigenetics, physiological cost-free plasticity, vector immunity, symbiosis, pathogen-mosquito co-evolution and environmental variables. A genotyping panel for seeking adaptive phenotypes as part of the standardization of population genetics methods is proposed. The investigative paradigm should not only be retrospective but also prospective, despite the unpredictability of evolution. If we integrate all suggestions to tackle mosquito evolution, a global revolution to counter vector-borne diseases can be provoked.
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Zhu C, Chen P, Han Y, Ruan L. Low Genetic Diversity and Low Gene Flow Corresponded to a Weak Genetic Structure of Ruddy-Breasted Crake (Porzana fusca) in China. Biochem Genet 2018; 56:586-617. [PMID: 29754387 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-018-9862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The Ruddy-breasted Crake (Porzana fusca) is an extremely poorly known species. Although it is not listed as globally endangered, in recent years, with the interference of climate change and human activities, its habitat is rapidly disappearing and its populations have been shrinking. There are two different life history traits for Ruddy-breasted Crake in China, i.e., non-migratory population in the south and migratory population in the north of China. In this study, mitochondrial control sequences and microsatellite datasets of 88 individuals sampled from 8 sites were applied to analyze their genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, and genetic structure. Our results indicated that low genetic diversity and genetic differentiation exit in most populations. The neutrality test suggested significantly negative Fu's Fs value, which, in combination with detection of the mismatch distribution, indicated that population expansion occurred in the interglacier approximately 98,000 years ago, and the time of the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) was estimated to about 202,705 years ago. Gene flow analysis implied that the gene flow was low, but gene exchange was frequent among adjacent populations. Both phylogenetic and STRUCTURE analyses implied weak genetic structure. In general, the genetic diversity, gene flow, and genetic structure of Ruddy-breasted Crake were low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoying Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Han
- School of Life Sciences, State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Luzhang Ruan
- School of Life Sciences, State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China.
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Leggewie M, Badusche M, Rudolf M, Jansen S, Börstler J, Krumkamp R, Huber K, Krüger A, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Tannich E, Becker SC. Culex pipiens and Culex torrentium populations from Central Europe are susceptible to West Nile virus infection. One Health 2016; 2:88-94. [PMID: 28616480 PMCID: PMC5462652 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV), a Flavivirus with an avian primary host, is already widespread in Europe and might also pose an infection risk to Germany, should competent mosquito vectors be present. Therefore, we analysed the ability of WNV to infect German Culex mosquitoes with special emphasis on field collected specimens of Culex torrentium and Culex pipiens biotype pipiens. We collected egg rafts of Culex mosquitoes over two subsequent seasons at two geographically distinct sampling areas in Germany and differentiated the samples by molecular methods. Adult females, reared from the various egg rafts, were challenged with WNV by feeding of artificial blood meals. WNV infection was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and virus titration. The results showed that field collected C. pipiens biotype pipiens and C. torrentium mosquitoes native to Germany are susceptible to WNV infection at 25 °C as well as 18 °C incubation temperature. C. torrentium mosquitoes, which have not been established as WNV vector so far, were the most permissive species tested with maximum infection rates of 96% at 25 °C. Furthermore, a disseminating infection was found in up to 94% of tested C. pipiens biotype pipiens and 100% of C. torrentium. Considering geographical variation of susceptibility, C. pipiens biotype pipiens mosquitoes from Southern Germany were more susceptible to WNV infection than corresponding populations from Northern Germany. All in all, we observed high infection and dissemination rates even at a low average ambient temperature of 18 °C. The high susceptibility of German Culex populations for WNV indicates that an enzootic transmission cycle in Germany could be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayke Leggewie
- Molecular Entomology Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marlis Badusche
- Molecular Entomology Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Rudolf
- Molecular Entomology Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Jansen
- Molecular Entomology Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Börstler
- Arbovirology Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Krumkamp
- Research Group Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Huber
- Molecular Entomology Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- KABS e.V., Ludwigstrasse 99, 67165 Waldsee, Germany
| | - Andreas Krüger
- Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Department Tropical Medicine, Entomology Group, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit
- Arbovirology Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Egbert Tannich
- German Centre for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Parasitology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie C. Becker
- Molecular Entomology Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30599 Hannover, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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