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Wesołowska A. Sex—the most underappreciated variable in research: insights from helminth-infected hosts. Vet Res 2022; 53:94. [PMID: 36397174 PMCID: PMC9672581 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sex of a host affects the intensity, prevalence, and severity of helminth infection. In many cases, one sex has been found to be more susceptible than the other, with the prevalence and intensity of helminth infections being generally higher among male than female hosts; however, many exceptions exist. This observed sex bias in parasitism results primarily from ecological, behavioural, and physiological differences between males and females. Complex interactions between these influences modulate the risk of infection. Indeed, an interplay among sex hormones, sex chromosomes, the microbiome and the immune system significantly contributes to the generation of sex bias among helminth-infected hosts. However, sex hormones not only can modulate the course of infection but also can be exploited by the parasites, and helminths appear to have developed molecules and pathways for this purpose. Furthermore, host sex may influence the efficacy of anti-helminth vaccines; however, although little data exist regarding this sex-dependent efficacy, host sex is known to influence the response to vaccines. Despite its importance, host sex is frequently overlooked in parasitological studies. This review focuses on the key contributors to sex bias in the case of helminth infection. The precise nature of the mechanisms/factors determining these sex-specific differences generally remains largely unknown, and this represents an obstacle in the development of control methods. There is an urgent need to identify any protective elements that could be targeted in future therapies to provide optimal disease management with regard to host sex. Hence, more research is needed into the impact of host sex on immunity and protection.
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Karmakar HS, Kumar C, Kumar NR, Das S, Agrawal AR, Ghosh NG, Zade SS. Polycyclic Arene-Fused Selenophenes via Site Selective Selenocyclization of Arylethynyl Substituted Polycyclic Arenes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12494-12506. [PMID: 34464128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Arene-fused selenophenes were synthesized by a redox neutral process from arylethynyl substituted polycyclic arenes using selenium powder in refluxing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) with the assistance of the residual water in NMP as a catalytic proton source. The site-selective nature of this selenocyclization produces trans-alkenes as a competitive product, which is dependent on the π-electron donation ability of polycyclic arenes and the kind of arylethynyl group attached to it. DFT calculations were performed to understand the site selectivity in the selenophene formation reaction. The HOMO coefficient on the carbon adjacent to carbon having arylalkyne substituent of the polycyclic arene correlates with the selenocyclization tendency of the substrate. The wavelength of absorption and emission and quantum yield of emission increase with increasing the number of fused benzene rings in the polycyclic unit (from naphthalene to pyrene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri S Karmakar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandan Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Neha Rani Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Sarasija Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhijeet R Agrawal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Nani Gopal Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjio S Zade
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
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Konus M, Algso MAS, Kavak E, Kurt‐Kızıldoğan A, Yılmaz C, Kivrak A. Design, Synthesis, andIn vitroEvaluation of Thieno[a]dibenzothiophene Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Metin Konus
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsVan Yüzüncü Yil University Van 65080 Turkey
| | | | - Emrah Kavak
- Department of ChemistryVan Yüzüncü Yil University Van 65080 Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Kurt‐Kızıldoğan
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyFaculty of AgricultureOndokuz Mayıs University 55139 Samsun Turkey
| | - Can Yılmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsVan Yüzüncü Yil University Van 65080 Turkey
| | - Arif Kivrak
- Department of ChemistryVan Yüzüncü Yil University Van 65080 Turkey
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Jiao Y, Preston S, Hofmann A, Taki A, Baell J, Chang BCH, Jabbar A, Gasser RB. A perspective on the discovery of selected compounds with anthelmintic activity against the barber's pole worm-Where to from here? ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2020; 108:1-45. [PMID: 32291083 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic roundworms (nematodes) cause substantial morbidity and mortality in animals worldwide. Anthelmintic treatment is central to controlling these worms, but widespread resistance to most of the commercially available anthelmintics for veterinary and agricultural use is compromising control, such that there is an urgency to discover new and effective drugs. The purpose of this article is to review information on parasitic nematodes, the treatment and control of parasitic nematode infections and aspects of discovering new anthelmintics in the context of anthelmintic resistance problems, and then to discuss some progress that our group has made in identifying selected compounds with activity against nematodes. The focus of our recent work has been on discovering new chemical entities and known drugs with anthelmintic activities against Haemonchus contortus as well as other socioeconomically important parasitic nematodes for subsequent development. Using whole worm-based phenotypic assays, we have been screening compound collections obtained via product-development-partnerships and/or collaborators, and active compounds have been assessed for their potential as anthelmintic candidates. Following the screening of 15,333 chemicals from five distinct compound collections against H. contortus, we have discovered one new chemical entity (designated SN00797439), two human kinase inhibitors (SNS-032 and AG-1295), 14 tetrahydroquinoxaline analogues, one insecticide (tolfenpyrad) and two tolfenpyrad (pyrazole-5-carboxamide) derivatives (a-15 and a-17) with anthelmintic activity in vitro. Some of these 20 'hit' compounds have selectivity against H. contortus in vitro when compared to particular human cell lines. In our opinion, some of these compounds could represent starting points for 'lead' development. Accordingly, the next research steps to be pursued include: (i) chemical optimisation of representative chemicals via structure-activity relationship (SAR) evaluations; (ii) assessment of the breadth of spectrum of anthelmintic activity on a range of other parasitic nematodes, such as strongyloids, ascaridoids, enoplids and filarioids; (iii) detailed investigations of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) of optimised chemicals with broad nematocidal or nematostatic activity; and (iv) establishment of the modes of action of lead candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Jiao
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Preston
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Aya Taki
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan Baell
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bill C H Chang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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5
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Le TG, Kundu A, Ghoshal A, Nguyen NH, Preston S, Jiao Y, Ruan B, Xue L, Huang F, Keiser J, Hofmann A, Chang BCH, Garcia-Bustos J, Jabbar A, Wells TNC, Palmer MJ, Gasser RB, Baell JB. Optimization of Novel 1-Methyl-1 H-Pyrazole-5-carboxamides Leads to High Potency Larval Development Inhibitors of the Barber's Pole Worm. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10875-10894. [PMID: 30403349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A phenotypic screen of a diverse library of small molecules for inhibition of the development of larvae of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus led to the identification of a 1-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide derivative with an IC50 of 0.29 μM. Medicinal chemistry optimization targeted modifications on the left-hand side (LHS), middle section, and right-hand side (RHS) of the scaffold in order to elucidate the structure-activity relationship (SAR). Strong SAR allowed for the iterative and directed assembly of a focus set of 64 analogues, from which compound 60 was identified as the most potent compound, inhibiting the development of the fourth larval (L4) stage with an IC50 of 0.01 μM. In contrast, only 18% inhibition of the mammary epithelial cell line MCF10A viability was observed, even at concentrations as high as 50 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy G Le
- Medicinal Chemistry , Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Abhijit Kundu
- TCG Lifesciences Private Limited , Block BN, Plot 7, Salt-lake Electronics Complex, Sector V , Kolkata 700091 , West Bengal , India
| | - Atanu Ghoshal
- TCG Lifesciences Private Limited , Block BN, Plot 7, Salt-lake Electronics Complex, Sector V , Kolkata 700091 , West Bengal , India
| | - Nghi H Nguyen
- Medicinal Chemistry , Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Sarah Preston
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia.,School of Health and Life Sciences , Federation University , Ballarat , Victoria 3353 , Australia
| | - Yaqing Jiao
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Banfeng Ruan
- Medicinal Chemistry , Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia.,School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , No. 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , No. 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , 4051 Basel , Switzerland.,University of Basel , 4001 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery , Griffith University , Nathan , Queensland 4111 , Australia
| | - Bill C H Chang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Jose Garcia-Bustos
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | | | | | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , No. 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , People's Republic of China.,Medicinal Chemistry , Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
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Preston S, Korhonen PK, Mouchiroud L, Cornaglia M, McGee SL, Young ND, Davis RA, Crawford S, Nowell C, Ansell BRE, Fisher GM, Andrews KT, Chang BCH, Gijs MAM, Sternberg PW, Auwerx J, Baell J, Hofmann A, Jabbar A, Gasser RB. Deguelin exerts potent nematocidal activity
via
the mitochondrial respiratory chain. FASEB J 2017; 31:4515-4532. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700288r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Preston
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Faculty of Science and TechnologyFederation UniversityBallaratVictoriaAustralia
| | - Pasi K. Korhonen
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Laurent Mouchiroud
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems PhysiologyÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Matteo Cornaglia
- Laboratory of MicrosystemsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Sean L. McGee
- Metabolic Research UnitMetabolic Reprogramming LaboratorySchool of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin UniversityWaurn PondsVictoriaAustralia
| | - Neil D. Young
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Rohan A. Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Simon Crawford
- School of Biosciences, University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Cameron Nowell
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash University Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Brendan R. E. Ansell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Gillian M. Fisher
- Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Katherine T. Andrews
- Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Bill C. H. Chang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Yourgene BioscienceTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Martin A. M. Gijs
- Laboratory of MicrosystemsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Paul W. Sternberg
- Division of Biology and Biological EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems PhysiologyÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Jonathan Baell
- Medicinal ChemistryMonash University Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Robin B. Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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7
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Preston S, Jiao Y, Baell JB, Keiser J, Crawford S, Koehler AV, Wang T, Simpson MM, Kaplan RM, Cowley KJ, Simpson KJ, Hofmann A, Jabbar A, Gasser RB. Screening of the 'Open Scaffolds' collection from Compounds Australia identifies a new chemical entity with anthelmintic activities against different developmental stages of the barber's pole worm and other parasitic nematodes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2017; 7:286-294. [PMID: 28732272 PMCID: PMC5517787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and development of novel anthelmintic classes is essential to sustain the control of socioeconomically important parasitic worms of humans and animals. With the aim of offering novel, lead-like scaffolds for drug discovery, Compounds Australia released the 'Open Scaffolds' collection containing 33,999 compounds, with extensive information available on the physicochemical properties of these chemicals. In the present study, we screened 14,464 prioritised compounds from the 'Open Scaffolds' collection against the exsheathed third-stage larvae (xL3s) of Haemonchus contortus using recently developed whole-organism screening assays. We identified a hit compound, called SN00797439, which was shown to reproducibly reduce xL3 motility by ≥ 70%; this compound induced a characteristic, "coiled" xL3 phenotype (IC50 = 3.46-5.93 μM), inhibited motility of fourth-stage larvae (L4s; IC50 = 0.31-12.5 μM) and caused considerable cuticular damage to L4s in vitro. When tested on other parasitic nematodes in vitro, SN00797439 was shown to inhibit (IC50 = 3-50 μM) adults of Ancylostoma ceylanicum (hookworm) and first-stage larvae of Trichuris muris (whipworm) and eventually kill (>90%) these stages. Furthermore, this compound completely inhibited the motility of female and male adults of Brugia malayi (50-100 μM) as well as microfilariae of both B. malayi and Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm). Overall, these results show that SN00797439 acts against genetically (evolutionarily) distant parasitic nematodes i.e. H. contortus and A. ceylanicum [strongyloids] vs. B. malayi and D. immitis [filarioids] vs. T. muris [enoplid], and, thus, might offer a novel, lead-like scaffold for the development of a relatively broad-spectrum anthelmintic. Our future work will focus on assessing the activity of SN00797439 against other pathogens that cause neglected tropical diseases, optimising analogs with improved biological activities and characterising their targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Preston
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria 3350, Australia
| | - Yaqing Jiao
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- Monash University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Crawford
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anson V Koehler
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tao Wang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Moana M Simpson
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ray M Kaplan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Karla J Cowley
- Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaylene J Simpson
- Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Zhang S, Wang Z, Hu Z, Li C, Tang C, Carlson KE, Luo J, Dong C, Katzenellenbogen JA, Huang J, Zhou HB. Selenophenes: Introducing a New Element into the Core of Non-Steroidal Estrogen Receptor Ligands. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:235-249. [PMID: 27976818 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the heterocyclic core elements with peripheral phenolic and alkyl substituents as a dominant structural motif of ligands for the estrogen receptor (ER) has been well recognized. In this study we expanded the structural diversity of core elements by preparing selenium-containing heterocycles and exploring the activities of these selenophenes on the two ERs, ERα and ERβ. Careful structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis of their ER binding affinities showed that most selenophenes are ERβ-selective, with the position of the phenol substituents on the selenophene core and the nature of these substituents having a marked effect on their binding affinities. The compound bis(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)selenophene (2 f) has the highest relative binding affinity (RBA) of 24.3 for ERβ. In transcription assays, most selenophenes were found to exhibit partial to full agonist activity for both ER subtypes, with compounds bis(2-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)selenophene (2 b), bis(4-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenyl)3-bromoselenophene (6 f), and 2,3,5-tris(hydroxyphenyl)thiophenes (8 b and 8 d) profiling as superagonists for ERα; however, several compounds display a range of ERα or ERβ antagonistic activities. A few selenophenes exhibited antiproliferative activity, with compound 8 c showing antiproliferative effects similar to that of 4-hydroxytamoxifen in breast cancer MCF-7 cells while being nontoxic to normal VERO cells. These new ligands could act as models for the development of novel agents leading to improved therapeutics that target the estrogen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zhiye Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
| | - Changhao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Chu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
| | - Kathryn E Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Junjie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
| | - Chune Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
| | - John A Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jian Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China.,Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
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