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Shanley HT, Taki AC, Byrne JJ, Nguyen N, Wells TNC, Jabbar A, Sleebs BE, Gasser RB. A phenotypic screen of the Global Health Priority Box identifies an insecticide with anthelmintic activity. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:131. [PMID: 38486232 PMCID: PMC10938758 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with parasitic nematodes (helminths), particularly those of the order Strongylida (such as Haemonchus contortus), can cause significant and burdensome diseases in humans and animals. Widespread drug (anthelmintic) resistance in livestock parasites, the absence of vaccines against most of these nematodes, and a lack of new and effective chemical entities on the commercial market demands the discovery of new anthelmintics. In the present study, we searched the Global Health Priority Box (Medicines for Malaria Venture) for new candidates for anthelmintic development. METHODS We employed a whole-organism, motility-based phenotypic screening assay to identify compounds from the Global Health Priority Box with activity against larvae of the model parasite H. contortus, and the free-living comparator nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Hit compounds were further validated via dose-response assays, with lead candidates then assessed for nematocidal activity against H. contortus adult worms, and additionally, for cytotoxic and mitotoxic effects on human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. RESULTS The primary screen against H. contortus and C. elegans revealed or reidentified 16 hit compounds; further validation established MMV1794206, otherwise known as 'flufenerim', as a significant inhibitor of H. contortus larval motility (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 18 μM) and development (IC50 = 1.2 μM), H. contortus adult female motility (100% after 12 h of incubation) and C. elegans larval motility (IC50 = 0.22 μM). Further testing on a mammalian cell line (human hepatoma HepG2 cells), however, identified flufenerim to be both cytotoxic (half-maximal cytotoxic concentration [CC50] < 0.7 μM) and mitotoxic (half-maximal mitotoxic concentration [MC50] < 0.7 μM). CONCLUSIONS The in vitro efficacy of MMV1794206 against the most pathogenic stages of H. contortus, as well as the free-living C. elegans, suggests the potential for development as a broad-spectrum anthelmintic compound; however, the high toxicity towards mammalian cells presents a significant hindrance. Further work should seek to establish the protein-drug interactions of MMV1794206 in a nematode model, to unravel the mechanism of action, in addition to an advanced structure-activity relationship investigation to optimise anthelmintic activity and eliminate mammalian cell toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison T Shanley
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Aya C Taki
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Joseph J Byrne
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Nghi Nguyen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Tim N C Wells
- Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), 1215, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Brad E Sleebs
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Premchand U, Mesta RK, Devappa V, Basavarajappa MP, Venkataravanappa V, Narasimha Reddy LRC, Shankarappa KS. Survey, Detection, Characterization of Papaya Ringspot Virus from Southern India and Management of Papaya Ringspot Disease. Pathogens 2023; 12:824. [PMID: 37375514 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is a significant threat to global papaya cultivation, causing ringspot disease, and it belongs to the species Papaya ringspot virus, genus Potyvirus, and family Potyviridae. This study aimed to assess the occurrence and severity of papaya ringspot disease (PRSD) in major papaya-growing districts of Karnataka, India, from 2019 to 2021. The incidence of disease in the surveyed districts ranged from 50.5 to 100.0 percent, exhibiting typical PRSV symptoms. 74 PRSV infected samples were tested using specific primers in RT-PCR, confirming the presence of the virus. The complete genome sequence of a representative isolate (PRSV-BGK: OL677454) was determined, showing the highest nucleotide identity (nt) (95.8%) with the PRSV-HYD (KP743981) isolate from Telangana, India. It also shared an amino acid (aa) identity (96.5%) with the PRSV-Pune VC (MF405299) isolate from Maharashtra, India. Based on phylogenetic and species demarcation criteria, the PRSV-BGK isolate was considered a variant of the reported species and designated as PRSV-[IN:Kar:Bgk:Pap:21]. Furthermore, recombination analysis revealed four unique recombination breakpoint events in the genomic region, except for the region from HC-Pro to VPg, which is highly conserved. Interestingly, more recombination events were detected within the first 1710 nt, suggesting that the 5' UTR and P1 regions play an essential role in shaping the PRSV genome. To manage PRSD, a field experiment was conducted over two seasons, testing various treatments, including insecticides, biorationals, and a seaweed extract with micronutrients, alone or in combination. The best treatment involved eight sprays of insecticides and micronutrients at 30-day intervals, resulting in no PRSD incidence up to 180 days after transplanting (DAT). This treatment also exhibited superior growth, yield, and yield parameters, with the highest cost-benefit ratio (1:3.54) and net return. Furthermore, a module comprising 12 sprays of insecticides and micronutrients at 20-day intervals proved to be the most effective in reducing disease incidence and enhancing plant growth, flowering, and fruiting attributes, resulting in a maximized yield of 192.56 t/ha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udavatha Premchand
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot 587104, India
| | - Raghavendra K Mesta
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot 587104, India
| | - Venkatappa Devappa
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot 587104, India
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Essa BM, Selim AA, Sayed GH, Anwer KE. Conventional and microwave-assisted synthesis, anticancer evaluation, 99mTc-coupling and In-vivo study of some novel pyrazolone derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2022; 125:105846. [PMID: 35512493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
New pyrazolone derivatives were successfully synthesized by both microwave-assisted and conventional techniques. Compound 3 (3-(3-Methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-oxopropanehydrazide) displayed remarkable anti-cancer activity (IC50 obtained at 8.71 and 10.63 µM for HCT-116 and MCF-7, respectively. Moreover, biodistribution study using radiolabeling approach revealed a remarked uptake of [99mTc]Tc-compound 3 complex into tumour induced in mice. The biodistribution showed high accumulation in tumour tissues with T/NT of 6.92 after 60 min post injection. As a result of these promising data, the newly synthesized compounds especially compound 3 affords a potential radio-carrier that could be used as a tumour marker and can be used for cancer therapy after further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma M Essa
- Radioactive Isotopes and Generators Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 13759 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adli A Selim
- Labelled Compounds Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 13759 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Galal H Sayed
- Heterocyclic Synthesis Lab., Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kurls E Anwer
- Heterocyclic Synthesis Lab., Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
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Anwer KE, Sayed GH, Ramadan RM. Synthesis, spectroscopic, DFT calculations, biological activities and molecular docking studies of new isoxazolone, pyrazolone, triazine, triazole and amide derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Munguía B, Saldaña J, Nieves M, Melian ME, Ferrer M, Teixeira R, Porcal W, Manta E, Domínguez L. Sensitivity of Haemonchus contortus to anthelmintics using different in vitro screening assays: a comparative study. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:129. [PMID: 35413885 PMCID: PMC9006605 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helminthiasis and resistance to commercial anthelmintic compounds are major causes of economic losses for livestock producers, resulting in an urgent need for new drugs and reliable in vitro screening tests capable of detecting potentially active products. Considering this, a series of novel benzimidazole derivatives (5-methylbenzimidazole 1,2-disubstituted, 5-carboxybenzimidazole, 5-methylbenzimidazole 2-one) was screened on exsheathed L3 (xL3) and on the adult stage of Haemonchus contortus (Kirby anthelmintic-susceptible McMaster isolate). METHODS This work presents the set-up of an automated motility assay on the xL3 stage of H. contortus using an infrared tracking device (WMicrotracker One) together with a larval development test (xL3 to L4) and a motility assay on the adult stage of H. contortus. A comparative study of the sensitivity of these in vitro assays using commercial anthelmintics with different mechanisms of action was carried out, also evaluating anthelmintic activity of a series of novel benzimidazole derivatives. RESULTS The automated xL3 assay had the great advantage of being able to analyze many compounds simultaneously, but it showed the limitation of having lower sensitivity, requiring higher concentrations of the commercial anthelmintics tested compared to those needed for the adult motility or development assays. Although none of the novel 1,2,5-tri-substituted benzimidazole derivatives could significantly decrease the motility of xL3s, one of them (1e) significantly affected the development of xL3s to L4, and five new compounds (1b, 1d, 1e, 2a and 2c) reduced the motility of H. contortus adult stage. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of the results strongly suggests that the in vitro xL3 to L4 development test, particularly for the L4 stage, could be closer to the pharmacological sensitivity of the adult stage of H. contortus (target of interest) for commercial anthelmintic selected, with different mechanisms of action, and for the series of benzimidazole derivatives assayed. Therefore, an automated motility assay on L4 using the infrared tracking device is being set up. Further studies will be conducted to evaluate the in vivo anthelmintic activity of the most active novel benzimidazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Munguía
- Área de Farmacología, CIENFAR, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (Udelar), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jenny Saldaña
- Área de Farmacología, CIENFAR, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (Udelar), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Magdalena Nieves
- Área de Farmacología, CIENFAR, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (Udelar), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Elisa Melian
- Área de Farmacología, CIENFAR, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (Udelar), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Manuela Ferrer
- Área de Farmacología, CIENFAR, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (Udelar), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ramiro Teixeira
- Área de Farmacología, CIENFAR, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (Udelar), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Williams Porcal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (Udelar), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Manta
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Universidad de la República (Udelar), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Domínguez
- Área de Farmacología, CIENFAR, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (Udelar), Montevideo, Uruguay.
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A High-Throughput Phenotypic Screen of the 'Pandemic Response Box' Identifies a Quinoline Derivative with Significant Anthelmintic Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020257. [PMID: 35215369 PMCID: PMC8874578 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic nematodes cause diseases in livestock animals and major economic losses to the agricultural industry worldwide. Nematodes of the order Strongylida, including Haemonchus contortus, are particularly important. The excessive use of anthelmintic compounds to treat infections and disease has led to widespread resistance to these compounds in nematodes, such that there is a need for new anthelmintics with distinctive mechanisms of action. With a focus on discovering new anthelmintic entities, we screened 400 chemically diverse compounds within the 'Pandemic Response Box' (from Medicines for Malaria Venture, MMV) for activity against H. contortus and its free-living relative, Caenorhabditis elegans-a model organism. Using established phenotypic assays, test compounds were evaluated in vitro for their ability to inhibit the motility and/or development of H. contortus and C. elegans. Dose-response evaluations identified a compound, MMV1581032, that significantly the motility of H. contortus larvae (IC50 = 3.4 ± 1.1 μM) and young adults of C. elegans (IC50 = 7.1 ± 4.6 μM), and the development of H. contortus larvae (IC50 = 2.2 ± 0.7 μM). The favourable characteristics of MMV1581032, such as suitable physicochemical properties and an efficient, cost-effective pathway to analogue synthesis, indicates a promising candidate for further evaluation as a nematocide. Future work will focus on a structure-activity relationship investigation of this chemical scaffold, a toxicity assessment of potent analogues and a mechanism/mode of action investigation.
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Biological Activities Related to Plant Protection and Environmental Effects of Coumarin Derivatives: QSAR and Molecular Docking Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147283. [PMID: 34298898 PMCID: PMC8303553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to study the inhibitory effects of coumarin derivatives on the plant pathogenic fungi, as well as beneficial bacteria and nematodes. The antifungal assay was performed on four cultures of phytopathogenic fungi by measuring the radial growth of the fungal colonies. Antibacterial activity was determined by the broth microdilution method performed on two beneficial soil organisms. Nematicidal activity was tested on two entomopathogenic nematodes. The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was generated by genetic algorithm, and toxicity was estimated by T.E.S.T. software. The mode of inhibition of enzymes related to the antifungal activity is elucidated by molecular docking. Coumarin derivatives were most effective against Macrophomina phaseolina and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, but were not harmful against beneficial nematodes and bacteria. A predictive QSAR model was obtained for the activity against M. phaseolina (R2tr = 0.78; R2ext = 0.67; Q2loo = 0.67). A QSAR study showed that multiple electron-withdrawal groups, especially at position C-3, enhanced activities against M. phaseolina, while the hydrophobic benzoyl group at the pyrone ring, and –Br, –OH, –OCH3, at the benzene ring, may increase inhibition of S. sclerotiourum. Tested compounds possibly act inhibitory against plant wall-degrading enzymes, proteinase K. Coumarin derivatives are the potentially active ingredient of environmentally friendly plant-protection products.
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Buckingham SD, Partridge FA, Poulton BC, Miller BS, McKendry RA, Lycett GJ, Sattelle DB. Automated phenotyping of mosquito larvae enables high-throughput screening for novel larvicides and offers potential for smartphone-based detection of larval insecticide resistance. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0008639. [PMID: 34081710 PMCID: PMC8205174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrethroid-impregnated nets have contributed significantly to halving the burden of malaria but resistance threatens their future efficacy and the pipeline of new insecticides is short. Here we report that an invertebrate automated phenotyping platform (INVAPP), combined with the algorithm Paragon, provides a robust system for measuring larval motility in Anopheles gambiae (and An. coluzzi) as well as Aedes aegypti with the capacity for high-throughput screening for new larvicides. By this means, we reliably quantified both time- and concentration-dependent actions of chemical insecticides faster than using the WHO standard larval assay. We illustrate the effectiveness of the system using an established larvicide (temephos) and demonstrate its capacity for library-scale chemical screening using the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) Pathogen Box library. As a proof-of-principle, this library screen identified a compound, subsequently confirmed to be tolfenpyrad, as an effective larvicide. We have also used the INVAPP / Paragon system to compare responses in larvae derived from WHO classified deltamethrin resistant and sensitive mosquitoes. We show how this approach to monitoring larval response to insecticides can be adapted for use with a smartphone camera application and therefore has potential for further development as a simple portable field-assay with associated real-time, geo-located information to identify hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D. Buckingham
- UCL Centre for Respiratory Biology, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frederick A. Partridge
- UCL Centre for Respiratory Biology, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beth C. Poulton
- UCL Centre for Respiratory Biology, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin S. Miller
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Maths & Physical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel A. McKendry
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Maths & Physical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth J. Lycett
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David B. Sattelle
- UCL Centre for Respiratory Biology, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Preston S, Garcia-Bustos J, Hall LG, Martin SD, Le TG, Kundu A, Ghoshal A, Nguyen NH, Jiao Y, Ruan B, Xue L, Huang F, Chang BCH, McGee SL, Wells TNC, Palmer MJ, Jabbar A, Gasser RB, Baell JB. 1-Methyl-1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide Derivatives Exhibit Unexpected Acute Mammalian Toxicity. J Med Chem 2020; 64:840-844. [PMID: 33352050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of 1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamides were synthesized as potent inhibitors of the parasitic nematode of sheep, Haemonchus contortus. These compounds did not show overt cytotoxicity to a range of mammalian cell lines under standard in vitro culture conditions, had high selectivity indices, and were progressed to an acute toxicity study in a rodent model. Strikingly, acute toxicity was observed in mice. Experiments measuring cellular respiration showed a dose-dependent inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. Under these conditions, potent cytotoxicity was observed for these compounds in rat hepatocytes suggesting that the potent acute mammalian toxicity of this chemotype is most likely associated with respiratory inhibition. In contrast, parasite toxicity was not correlated to acute toxicity or cytotoxicity in respiring cells. This paper highlights the importance of identifying an appropriate in vitro predictor of in vivo toxicity early on in the drug discovery pipeline, in particular assessment for in vitro mitochondrial toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Preston
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria 3353, Australia
| | - Jose Garcia-Bustos
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Liam G Hall
- Metabolic Research Unit, Metabolic Reprogramming Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Sheree D Martin
- Metabolic Research Unit, Metabolic Reprogramming Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Thuy G Le
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Abhijit Kundu
- TCG Lifesciences Private Limited, Block BN, Plot 7, Salt-lake Electronics Complex, Sector V, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Atanu Ghoshal
- TCG Lifesciences Private Limited, Block BN, Plot 7, Salt-lake Electronics Complex, Sector V, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Nghi H Nguyen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Yaqing Jiao
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Banfeng Ruan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lian Xue
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Sean L McGee
- Metabolic Research Unit, Metabolic Reprogramming Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | | | | | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China.,Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Partridge FA, Forman R, Bataille CJR, Wynne GM, Nick M, Russell AJ, Else KJ, Sattelle DB. Anthelmintic drug discovery: target identification, screening methods and the role of open science. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1203-1224. [PMID: 32550933 PMCID: PMC7277699 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminths, including cestodes, nematodes and trematodes, are a huge global health burden, infecting hundreds of millions of people. In many cases, existing drugs such as benzimidazoles, diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin and praziquantel are insufficiently efficacious, contraindicated in some populations, or at risk of the development of resistance, thereby impeding progress towards World Health Organization goals to control or eliminate these neglected tropical diseases. However, there has been limited recent progress in developing new drugs for these diseases due to lack of commercial attractiveness, leading to the introduction of novel, more efficient models for drug innovation that attempt to reduce the cost of research and development. Open science aims to achieve this by encouraging collaboration and the sharing of data and resources between organisations. In this review we discuss how open science has been applied to anthelmintic drug discovery. Open resources, including genomic information from many parasites, are enabling the identification of targets for new antiparasitic agents. Phenotypic screening remains important, and there has been much progress in open-source systems for compound screening with parasites, including motility assays but also high content assays with more detailed investigation of helminth physiology. Distributed open science compound screening programs, such as the Medicines for Malaria Venture Pathogen Box, have been successful at facilitating screening in diverse assays against many different parasite pathogens and models. Of the compounds identified so far in these screens, tolfenpyrad, a repurposed insecticide, shows significant promise and there has been much progress in creating more potent and selective derivatives. This work exemplifies how open science approaches can catalyse drug discovery against neglected diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A Partridge
- Centre for Respiratory Biology, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Forman
- The Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Carole J R Bataille
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA United Kingdom
| | - Graham M Wynne
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA United Kingdom
| | - Marina Nick
- Centre for Respiratory Biology, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Angela J Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn J Else
- The Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David B Sattelle
- Centre for Respiratory Biology, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Canever MF, Miletti LC. Screening and Identification of Pathogen Box® Compounds with anti-Trypanosoma evansi Activity. Acta Trop 2020; 206:105421. [PMID: 32112721 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of new drugs targeting neglected animal diseases is imperative. In Asia and South America, Trypanosoma evansi is a pathogen that affects horses and other species, causing economic losses associated with reduced animal productivity and death. In order to accelerate the identification of drugs with activity against neglected diseases, Medicines for Malaria Venture has developed Pathogen Box®, a library of 400 different molecules. The present work aimed to identify compounds present in the Pathogen Box® library, measuring in vitro activity against T. evansi. Among the 400 compounds, 5 showed anti-T.evansi activity: pentamidine, MMV688410, MMV687273, MMV022478 and auranofin. Suramin, a trypanocidal activity molecule present on the Pathogen Box® reference compound list, demonstrated no anti-T. evansi activity in the in vitro assays. MMV688410 is the most promising candidate because it induces death and reduces the number of parasites in cell culture, and mainly because its mechanism of action is probably associated with inhibition of trypanosomal reductase enzyme, an exclusive target of trypanosomatides. Further in vitro and in vivo assays are needed to determine the efficacy of the compounds identified in this work, especially by associating tissue distribution and the ability of drugs to cross the blood brain barrier, as T. evansi is able to invade the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Feltrin Canever
- Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (CAV), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Av. Luís de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC 88520-000 Brazil
| | - Luiz Claudio Miletti
- Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (CAV), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Av. Luís de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC 88520-000 Brazil.
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12
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Jiao Y, Preston S, Hofmann A, Taki A, Baell J, Chang BCH, Jabbar A, Gasser RB. A perspective on the discovery of selected compounds with anthelmintic activity against the barber's pole worm-Where to from here? ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2020; 108:1-45. [PMID: 32291083 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic roundworms (nematodes) cause substantial morbidity and mortality in animals worldwide. Anthelmintic treatment is central to controlling these worms, but widespread resistance to most of the commercially available anthelmintics for veterinary and agricultural use is compromising control, such that there is an urgency to discover new and effective drugs. The purpose of this article is to review information on parasitic nematodes, the treatment and control of parasitic nematode infections and aspects of discovering new anthelmintics in the context of anthelmintic resistance problems, and then to discuss some progress that our group has made in identifying selected compounds with activity against nematodes. The focus of our recent work has been on discovering new chemical entities and known drugs with anthelmintic activities against Haemonchus contortus as well as other socioeconomically important parasitic nematodes for subsequent development. Using whole worm-based phenotypic assays, we have been screening compound collections obtained via product-development-partnerships and/or collaborators, and active compounds have been assessed for their potential as anthelmintic candidates. Following the screening of 15,333 chemicals from five distinct compound collections against H. contortus, we have discovered one new chemical entity (designated SN00797439), two human kinase inhibitors (SNS-032 and AG-1295), 14 tetrahydroquinoxaline analogues, one insecticide (tolfenpyrad) and two tolfenpyrad (pyrazole-5-carboxamide) derivatives (a-15 and a-17) with anthelmintic activity in vitro. Some of these 20 'hit' compounds have selectivity against H. contortus in vitro when compared to particular human cell lines. In our opinion, some of these compounds could represent starting points for 'lead' development. Accordingly, the next research steps to be pursued include: (i) chemical optimisation of representative chemicals via structure-activity relationship (SAR) evaluations; (ii) assessment of the breadth of spectrum of anthelmintic activity on a range of other parasitic nematodes, such as strongyloids, ascaridoids, enoplids and filarioids; (iii) detailed investigations of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) of optimised chemicals with broad nematocidal or nematostatic activity; and (iv) establishment of the modes of action of lead candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Jiao
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Preston
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Aya Taki
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan Baell
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bill C H Chang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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13
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Milišiūnaitė V, Kadlecová A, Žukauskaitė A, Doležal K, Strnad M, Voller J, Arbačiauskienė E, Holzer W, Šačkus A. Synthesis and anthelmintic activity of benzopyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-4(2H)-one derivatives. Mol Divers 2019; 24:1025-1042. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-019-10010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Nguyen LT, Kurz T, Preston S, Brueckmann H, Lungerich B, Herath HMPD, Koehler AV, Wang T, Skálová L, Jabbar A, Gasser RB. Phenotypic screening of the 'Kurz-box' of chemicals identifies two compounds (BLK127 and HBK4) with anthelmintic activity in vitro against parasitic larval stages of Haemonchus contortus. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:191. [PMID: 31039802 PMCID: PMC6492431 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to anthelmintic resistance problems, there is a need to discover and develop new drugs for the treatment and control of economically important and pathogenic nematodes of livestock animals. With this focus in mind, we screened 236 compounds from a library (called the ‘Kurz-box’) representing chemically diverse classes such as heterocyclic compounds (e.g. thiazoles, pyrroles, quinolines, pyrimidines, benzo[1,4]diazepines), hydoxamic acid-based metalloenzyme inhibitors, peptidomimetics (bis- and tris-pyrimidoneamides, alkoxyamides) and various intermediates on Haemonchus contortus, one of the most important parasitic nematodes of ruminants. Methods In the present study, we tested these compounds, and measured the inhibition of larval motility and development of exsheathed third-stage (xL3) and fourth-stage (L4) larvae of H. contortus using an optimised, whole-organism phenotypic screening assay. Results Of the 236 compounds, we identified two active compounds (called BLK127 and HBK4) that induced marked phenotypic changes in the worm in vitro. Compound BLK127 induced an ‘eviscerated’ phenotype in the xL3 stage and also inhibited L4 development. Compound HBK4 exerted a ‘curved’ phenotype in both xL3s and L4s. Conclusions The findings from this study provide a basis for future work on the chemical optimisation of these compounds, on assessing the activity of optimised compounds on adult stages of H. contortus both in vitro and in vivo (in the host animal) and against other parasitic worms of veterinary and medical importance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3426-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Kurz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Preston
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Hjoerdis Brueckmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Beate Lungerich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - H M P Dilrukshi Herath
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anson V Koehler
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lenka Skálová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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15
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Le TG, Kundu A, Ghoshal A, Nguyen NH, Preston S, Jiao Y, Ruan B, Xue L, Huang F, Keiser J, Hofmann A, Chang BCH, Garcia-Bustos J, Wells TNC, Palmer MJ, Jabbar A, Gasser RB, Baell JB. Novel 1-Methyl-1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide Derivatives with Potent Anthelmintic Activity. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3367-3380. [PMID: 30875218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A phenotypic screen of two different libraries of small molecules against the motility and development of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus led to the identification of two 1-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide derivatives. Medicinal chemistry optimization targeted modifications of the left-hand side, middle section, and right-hand side of the hybrid structure of these two hits to elucidate the structure-activity relationship (SAR). Initial SAR around these hits allowed for the iterative and directed assembly of a focused set of 30 analogues of their hybrid structure. Compounds 10, 17, 20, and 22 were identified as the most potent compounds, inhibiting the development of the fourth larval (L4) stage of H. contortus at sub-nanomolar potencies while displaying strong selectivity toward the parasite when tested in vitro against the human MCF10A cell line. In addition, compounds 9 and 27 showed promising activity against a panel of other parasitic nematodes, including hookworms and whipworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy G Le
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Abhijit Kundu
- TCG Lifesciences Private Limited , Block BN, Plot 7, Salt-lake Electronics Complex, Sector V , Kolkata 700091 , West Bengal , India
| | - Atanu Ghoshal
- TCG Lifesciences Private Limited , Block BN, Plot 7, Salt-lake Electronics Complex, Sector V , Kolkata 700091 , West Bengal , India
| | - Nghi H Nguyen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Sarah Preston
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia.,School of Health and Life Sciences , Federation University , Ballarat , Victoria 3353 , Australia
| | - Yaqing Jiao
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Banfeng Ruan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia.,School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , P. R. China
| | - Lian Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , No. 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , No. 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , P. R. China
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , 4051 Basel , Switzerland.,University of Basel , 4001 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery , Griffith University , Nathan , Queensland 4111 , Australia
| | - Bill C H Chang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Jose Garcia-Bustos
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | | | | | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , No. 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , P. R. China.,Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
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16
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Herath HMPD, Preston S, Jabbar A, Garcia-Bustos J, Addison RS, Hayes S, Rali T, Wang T, Koehler AV, Chang BCH, Hofmann A, Davis RA, Gasser RB. Selected α-pyrones from the plants Cryptocarya novoguineensis (Lauraceae) and Piper methysticum (Piperaceae) with activity against Haemonchus contortus in vitro. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2019; 9:72-79. [PMID: 30739078 PMCID: PMC6369141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the widespread occurrence and spread of anthelmintic resistance, there is a need to develop new drugs against resistant parasitic nematodes of livestock animals. The Nobel Prize-winning discovery and development of the anti-parasitic drugs avermectin and artemisinin has renewed the interest in exploring natural products as anthelmintics. In the present study, we screened 7500 plant extracts for in vitro-activity against the barber's pole worm, Haemonchus contortus, a highly significant pathogen of ruminants. The anthelmintic extracts from two plants, Cryptocarya novoguineensis and Piper methysticum, were fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Subsequently, compounds were purified from fractions with significant biological activity. Four α-pyrones, namely goniothalamin (GNT), dihydrokavain (DHK), desmethoxyyangonin (DMY) and yangonin (YGN), were purified from fractions from the two plants, GNT from C. novoguineensis, and DHK, DMY and YGN (= kavalactones) from P. methysticum. The three kavalactones induced a lethal, eviscerated (Evi) phenotype in treated exsheathed third-stage larvae (xL3s), and DMY and YGN had moderate potencies (IC50 values of 31.7 ± 0.23 μM and 23.7 ± 2.05 μM, respectively) at inhibiting the development of xL3s to fourth-stage larvae (L4s). Although GNT had limited potency (IC50 of 200–300 μM) at inhibiting L4 development, it was the only compound that reduced L4 motility (IC50 of 6.25–12.50 μM). The compounds purified from each plant affected H. contortus in an irreversible manner. These findings suggest that structure-activity relationship studies of α-pyrones should be pursued to assess their potential as anthelmintics. 7500 plant extracts were screened against Haemonchus for anthelmintic activity. Three of these extracts were potent inhibitors of larval motility and/or development. Pure α-pyrones isolated from active fractions exhibited significant nematocidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M P Dilrukshi Herath
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah Preston
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria 3350, Australia
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jose Garcia-Bustos
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Russell S Addison
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Sasha Hayes
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Topul Rali
- School of Natural & Physical Sciences, The University of Papua New Guinea, PO Box 320, University 134, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea
| | - Tao Wang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anson V Koehler
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bill C H Chang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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17
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Jiao Y, Preston S, Garcia-Bustos JF, Baell JB, Ventura S, Le T, McNamara N, Nguyen N, Botteon A, Skinner C, Danne J, Ellis S, Koehler AV, Wang T, Chang BCH, Hofmann A, Jabbar A, Gasser RB. Tetrahydroquinoxalines induce a lethal evisceration phenotype in Haemonchus contortus in vitro. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2018; 9:59-71. [PMID: 30690282 PMCID: PMC6357688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the anthelmintic activity of a human tyrosine kinase inhibitor, AG-1295, and 14 related tetrahydroquinoxaline analogues against Haemonchus contortus was explored. These compounds were screened against parasitic larvae - exsheathed third-stage (xL3) and fourth-stage (L4) - using a whole-organism screening assay. All compounds were shown to have inhibitory effects on larval motility, development and growth, and induced evisceration through the excretory pore in xL3s. The estimated IC50 values ranged from 3.5 to 52.0 μM for inhibition of larval motility or development. Cytotoxicity IC50 against human MCF10A cells was generally higher than 50 μM. Microscopic studies revealed that this eviscerated (Evi) phenotype occurs rapidly (<20 min) and relates to a protrusion of internal tissues and organs (evisceration) through the excretory pore in xL3s; severe pathological damage in L4s as well as a suppression of larval growth in both stages were also observed. Using a relatively low concentration (12.5 μM) of compound m10, it was established that the inhibitor has to be present for a relatively short time (between 30 h and 42 h) during in vitro development from xL3 to L4, to induce the Evi phenotype. Increasing external osmotic pressure prevented evisceration and moulting, and xL3s remained unaffected by the test compound. These results point to a mode of action involving a dysregulation of morphogenetic processes during a critical time-frame, in agreement with the expected behaviour of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and suggest potential for development of this compound class as nematocidal drugs. Tetrahydroquinoxalines kill Haemonchus contortus larvae in vitro. Compounds induce a lethal evisceration phenotype (Evi). The Evi phenotype is associated with the timing of ecdysis. These compounds might be developable as nematocidal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Jiao
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Preston
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jose F Garcia-Bustos
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Sabatino Ventura
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thuy Le
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole McNamara
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nghi Nguyen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antony Botteon
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cameron Skinner
- Centre for Advanced Histology and Microscopy, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jill Danne
- Centre for Advanced Histology and Microscopy, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Ellis
- Centre for Advanced Histology and Microscopy, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anson V Koehler
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tao Wang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bill C H Chang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Yourgene Bioscience, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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18
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Le TG, Kundu A, Ghoshal A, Nguyen NH, Preston S, Jiao Y, Ruan B, Xue L, Huang F, Keiser J, Hofmann A, Chang BCH, Garcia-Bustos J, Wells TNC, Palmer MJ, Jabbar A, Gasser RB, Baell JB. Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of Tolfenpyrad Reveal Subnanomolar Inhibitors of Haemonchus contortus Development. J Med Chem 2018; 62:1036-1053. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thuy G. Le
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Abhijit Kundu
- TCG Lifesciences Private Limited, Block BN, Plot 7, Salt-Lake Electronics Complex, Sector V, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Atanu Ghoshal
- TCG Lifesciences Private Limited, Block BN, Plot 7, Salt-Lake Electronics Complex, Sector V, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Nghi H. Nguyen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah Preston
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria 3353, Australia
| | - Yaqing Jiao
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Banfeng Ruan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Lian Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Bill C. H. Chang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jose Garcia-Bustos
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | | | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Robin B. Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jonathan B. Baell
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
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19
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Le TG, Kundu A, Ghoshal A, Nguyen NH, Preston S, Jiao Y, Ruan B, Xue L, Huang F, Keiser J, Hofmann A, Chang BCH, Garcia-Bustos J, Jabbar A, Wells TNC, Palmer MJ, Gasser RB, Baell JB. Optimization of Novel 1-Methyl-1 H-Pyrazole-5-carboxamides Leads to High Potency Larval Development Inhibitors of the Barber's Pole Worm. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10875-10894. [PMID: 30403349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A phenotypic screen of a diverse library of small molecules for inhibition of the development of larvae of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus led to the identification of a 1-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide derivative with an IC50 of 0.29 μM. Medicinal chemistry optimization targeted modifications on the left-hand side (LHS), middle section, and right-hand side (RHS) of the scaffold in order to elucidate the structure-activity relationship (SAR). Strong SAR allowed for the iterative and directed assembly of a focus set of 64 analogues, from which compound 60 was identified as the most potent compound, inhibiting the development of the fourth larval (L4) stage with an IC50 of 0.01 μM. In contrast, only 18% inhibition of the mammary epithelial cell line MCF10A viability was observed, even at concentrations as high as 50 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy G Le
- Medicinal Chemistry , Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Abhijit Kundu
- TCG Lifesciences Private Limited , Block BN, Plot 7, Salt-lake Electronics Complex, Sector V , Kolkata 700091 , West Bengal , India
| | - Atanu Ghoshal
- TCG Lifesciences Private Limited , Block BN, Plot 7, Salt-lake Electronics Complex, Sector V , Kolkata 700091 , West Bengal , India
| | - Nghi H Nguyen
- Medicinal Chemistry , Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Sarah Preston
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia.,School of Health and Life Sciences , Federation University , Ballarat , Victoria 3353 , Australia
| | - Yaqing Jiao
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Banfeng Ruan
- Medicinal Chemistry , Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia.,School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , No. 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , No. 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , 4051 Basel , Switzerland.,University of Basel , 4001 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery , Griffith University , Nathan , Queensland 4111 , Australia
| | - Bill C H Chang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Jose Garcia-Bustos
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | | | | | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , No. 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , People's Republic of China.,Medicinal Chemistry , Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
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20
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Arylpyrrole and fipronil analogues that inhibit the motility and/or development of Haemonchus contortus in vitro. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2018; 8:379-385. [PMID: 30081296 PMCID: PMC6083343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to widespread drug resistance in parasitic nematodes, there is a need to develop new anthelmintics. Given the cost and time involved in developing a new drug, the repurposing of known chemicals can be a promising, alternative approach. In this context, we tested a library (n = 600) of natural product-inspired pesticide analogues against exsheathed third stage-larvae (xL3s) of Haemonchus contortus (barber's pole worm) using a whole-organism, phenotypic screening technique that measures the inhibition of motility and development in treated larvae. In the primary screen, we identified 32 active analogues derived from chemical scaffolds of arylpyrrole or fipronil. The seven most promising compounds, selected based on their anthelmintic activity and/or limited cytotoxicity, are arylpyrroles that reduced the motility of fourth-stage larvae (L4s) with significant potency (IC50 values ranged from 0.04 ± 0.01 μM to 4.25 ± 0.82 μM, and selectivity indices ranged from 10.6 to 412.5). Since the parent structures of the active compounds are uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, we tested the effect of selected analogues on oxygen consumption in xL3s using the Seahorse XF24 flux analyser. Larvae treated with the test compounds showed a significant increase in oxygen consumption compared with the untreated control, demonstrating their uncoupling activity. Overall, the results of the present study have identified natural product-derived molecules that are worth considering for chemical optimisation as anthelmintic drug leads. Pesticide analogues were assessed for anthelmintic activity. Inhibition of motility and development of larval stages of Haemonchus contortus. Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in larvae.
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21
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Sayed GH, Azab ME, Negm NA, Anwer KE. Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Some Novel Heterocycles Bearing Pyrazole Moiety. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Galal H. Sayed
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Ain Shams University; Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohammad E. Azab
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Ain Shams University; Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Nabil A. Negm
- Petrochemical Department; Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute; Cairo Egypt
| | - Kurls E. Anwer
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Ain Shams University; Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt
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