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Laojun S, Sontigun N, Chaiphongpachara T. Influence of insular conditions on wing phenotypic variation in two dominant mosquito vectors, Aedes albopictus and Armigeres subalbatus (Diptera: Culicidae), in the border archipelagos of Thailand. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 38:349-360. [PMID: 38641881 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Insects geographically separated into island and mainland populations often exhibit phenotypic variations, a phenomenon known as insular conditions. These conditions can lead to rapid evolutionary changes that affect the morphological characteristics of mosquito vectors. Nevertheless, studies that specifically examine phenotype differences between island and mainland mosquito populations have been limited. In this study, wing variation in size and shape was investigated using the geometric morphometric (GM) technique in two dominant mosquito vectors, Aedes albopictus and Armigeres subalbatus, in the Ranong and Trat archipelagos of Thailand. Significant differences in average wing centroid size (CS) were found in 6 out of 15 population pairs for Ae. albopictus (p < 0.05) and in 5 population pairs for Ar. subalbatus (p < 0.05). After removing the allometric effect, canonical variate analyses (CVA) based on wing shape analysis revealed overlap across all populations for both Ae. albopictus and Ar. subalbatus. However, the statistical analysis indicated that Ar. subalbatus exhibited wing shape differences across all populations (p < 0.05), and most Ae. albopictus populations also displayed distinct wing shapes (p < 0.05), except for the populations from Chang Island and the mainland of Ranong, which showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). These findings enhance our understanding of mosquito adaptability in island regions and provide valuable data for the surveillance and monitoring of vector evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedthapong Laojun
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram, Thailand
| | - Narin Sontigun
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Tanawat Chaiphongpachara
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram, Thailand
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Boumaza M, Merabti B, Adjami Y, Ouakid ML, Carvajal TM. Geometric Morphometric Wing Analysis of Avian Malaria Vector, Culiseta longiareolata, from Two Locations in Algeria. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13111031. [PMID: 36354855 PMCID: PMC9693553 DOI: 10.3390/insects13111031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The application of geometric morphometry on mosquito wings (Culicidae) is considered a powerful tool for evaluating correlations between the phenotype (e.g., shape) and environmental or genetic variables. However, this has not been used to study the wings of the avian malaria vector, Culiseta longiareolata. Therefore, the goal of this study is to investigate the intra-specific wing variations between male and female Cs. longiareolata populations in different types of larval habitats and climatic conditions in Algeria. A total of 256 Cs. longiareolata mosquito samples were collected from January 2020 to July 2021 in three cities (Annaba, El-Tarf, and Guelma) of northeastern Algeria that have two distinct climatic condition levels (sub-humid and sub-arid) and different types of larval habitats (artificial and natural). Nineteen (19) wing landmarks (LMs) were digitized and analyzed based on geometric morphometry. Our results revealed differences in the wing shape of female and male mosquito populations, indicating sexual dimorphism. Moreover, canonical variance analysis (CVA) showed that factors, such as climatic conditions and type of larval habitats, also affect the wing shape of female and male Cs. longiareolata mosquito populations. Furthermore, the wing shape of male populations was more distinct compared with female populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Boumaza
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, B.P. 12, Annaba 23000, Algeria
- Ecology Laboratory of Marine and Coastal Environments (EMMAL), Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba 23000, Algeria
| | - Brahim Merabti
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biotechnology and Valorization of Bioresources (LGBVB), University of Biskra, Biskra 07000, Algeria
| | - Yasmine Adjami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, B.P. 12, Annaba 23000, Algeria
- Ecology Laboratory of Marine and Coastal Environments (EMMAL), Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba 23000, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Laid Ouakid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, B.P. 12, Annaba 23000, Algeria
- Ecology Laboratory of Marine and Coastal Environments (EMMAL), Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba 23000, Algeria
| | - Thaddeus M. Carvajal
- Department of Biology, College of Science, De La Salle University, Manila 1004, Philippines
- Ehime University-De La Salle University International Collaborative Research Laboratory, Laguna Campus, De La Salle University, Laguna 4024, Philippines
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Rodrigues-Filho SJM, Prado E Castro C, Lopes LF, da Fonseca IP, Rebelo MT. Size does matter: intraspecific geometric morphometric analysis of wings of the blowfly Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Acta Trop 2022; 235:106662. [PMID: 35998679 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Blowflies have forensic, sanitary and veterinary importance, as well as being pollinators, parasitoids and ecological bioindicators. There is still little work with real data and from experiments assessing the relationship between blowflies' morphologic features and environmental and demographic factors. The present work tests whether the variation, in the shape and size, of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) wings is influenced by the following factors: 1) time; 2) temperature; 3) sex and; 4) different types of carcasses (pig, dog/cat and whale). Male and female wings from four different sites collected in six different years were used to obtain wing size and shape of C. albiceps. Analyses between wing shape and the variables tested had low explanatory power, even though they had statistical support. However, it was possible to identify differences in wing shape between males and females, with good returns in sex identification. The comparison between wing size and the variables tested showed that wing size has a negative relationship with temperature, significant differences between sexes, slight variation over time and no influence by carcass types. Furthermore, wing size influenced wing shape. Understanding population-specific characteristics of C. albiceps provide important insights about how the species reacts under specific conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio J M Rodrigues-Filho
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar/Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; Universidade do Estado do Amapá, Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Avenida Presidente Vargas, 650 - Central, Macapá AP, 68900-070, Brasil.
| | - Catarina Prado E Castro
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luís Filipe Lopes
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pereira da Fonseca
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS)
| | - Maria Teresa Rebelo
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar/Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
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Garzón MJ, Grech M, Lizuain A, Schweigmann N. Geometric morphometrics for the differentiation of females of the Pipiens Assemblage in Argentina. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2020; 45:150-154. [PMID: 32492268 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano J Garzón
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Grech
- Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP). CONICET and Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Sede Esquel, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Arturo Lizuain
- Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de la Salud "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemoepidemias
| | - Nicolás Schweigmann
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Chandrasegaran K, Lahondère C, Escobar LE, Vinauger C. Linking Mosquito Ecology, Traits, Behavior, and Disease Transmission. Trends Parasitol 2020; 36:393-403. [PMID: 32191853 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are considered to be the deadliest animals on Earth because the diseases they transmit claim at least a million human lives every year globally. Here, we discuss the scales at which the effects of ecological factors cascade to influence epidemiologically relevant behaviors of adult mosquitoes. In particular, we focused our review on the environmental conditions (coarse-scale variables) that shape the life-history traits of larvae and adult mosquitoes (fine-scale traits), and how these factors and their association, in turn, modulate adult behaviors to influence mosquito-borne disease transmission. Finally, we explore the integration of physical, physiological, and behavioral information into predictive models with epidemiological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chloé Lahondère
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; The Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; The Global Change Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Luis E Escobar
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; The Global Change Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Clément Vinauger
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; The Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Grech MG, Manzo LM, Epele LB, Laurito M, Claverie AÑ, Ludueña-Almeida FF, Miserendino ML, Almirón WR. Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) larval ecology in natural habitats in the cold temperate Patagonia region of Argentina. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:214. [PMID: 31064397 PMCID: PMC6505294 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of immature habitats is an important focus for investigations of mosquito community ecology, and may improve our understanding of how environmental variables increase risk of mosquito-borne diseases by influencing the distributions and abundances of species. In Patagonia region, where climatic and ecological factors could be only borderline suitable for mosquito development, relatively little is known about larval ecology. The present study focuses on associations of environmental conditions in natural aquatic habitats with abundances of mosquito species that have colonized such habitats in Patagonia. METHODS We described the mosquito community composition within 26 natural temporary pools, and assessed the general relationships between environmental variables (pH, water temperature, conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, aquatic plant cover and main nutrients) and larval abundances using redundancy analysis (RDA). Additionally, we compiled monthly climate data and vegetation indices for each larval habitat, and estimated the probability of presence for two of the most abundant species, describing through generalized linear models (GLM) the environmental, climatic and landscape variables-probability of occurrence relationships. RESULTS Seven species belonging to the genera Culex and Aedes were identified, with Culex apicinus, Cx. acharistus and Aedes albifasciatus being the most abundant. Mean larval densities were low (6.8 ± 2.8 larvae/dip), and the highest species richness and larval densities were recorded in northern and central areas. Aedes albifasciatus, a species of sanitary importance, was widely distributed, being the only one collected south of the 45th parallel of S latitude. RDA indicated that aquatic conductivity, pH, water depth, dissolved oxygen, ammonia and soluble reactive phosphorous accounted for the main part of the variation in the species composition. According to GLMs, wind speed was the variable that best described the presence of Ae. albifasciatus, and the probability of finding this species was positively associated with high wind speed values. On the other hand, the EVI vegetation index was the only variable included in the Cx. apicinus model, whereby there was a great probability of presence in arid areas with lower EVI values. CONCLUSIONS Our results enhance our knowledge of larval habitat ecology under the extreme environmental conditions of Patagonia and will guide future efforts to understand how multiple effects can affect mosquito ecology and public health at higher latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta G. Grech
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP), Esquel, Chubut Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Sede Esquel, Esquel, Chubut Argentina
| | - Luz M. Manzo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP), Esquel, Chubut Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Sede Esquel, Esquel, Chubut Argentina
| | - Luis B. Epele
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP), Esquel, Chubut Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Sede Esquel, Esquel, Chubut Argentina
| | - Magdalena Laurito
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Ñ. Claverie
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Sede Esquel, Esquel, Chubut Argentina
| | - Francisco F. Ludueña-Almeida
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María L. Miserendino
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP), Esquel, Chubut Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Sede Esquel, Esquel, Chubut Argentina
| | - Walter R. Almirón
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), Córdoba, Argentina
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