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Shocket MS, Bernhardt JR, Miazgowicz KL, Orakzai A, Savage VM, Hall RJ, Ryan SJ, Murdock CC. Mean daily temperatures can predict the thermal limits of malaria transmission better than rate summation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.20.614098. [PMID: 39386442 PMCID: PMC11463682 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.20.614098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Temperature shapes the distribution, seasonality, and magnitude of mosquito-borne disease outbreaks. Mechanistic models predicting transmission often use mosquito and pathogen thermal responses from constant temperature experiments. However, mosquitoes live in fluctuating environments. Rate summation (nonlinear averaging) is a common approach to infer performance in fluctuating environments, but its accuracy is rarely validated. We measured three mosquito traits that impact transmission (bite rate, survival, fecundity) in a malaria mosquito ( Anopheles stephensi ) across temperature gradients with three diurnal temperature ranges (0, 9 and 12°C). We compared thermal suitability models with temperature-trait relationships observed under constant temperatures, fluctuating temperatures, and those predicted by rate summation. We mapped results across An. stephenesi 's native Asian and invasive African ranges. We found: 1) daily temperature fluctuation significantly altered trait thermal responses; 2) rate summation partially captured decreases in performance near thermal optima, but also incorrectly predicted increases near thermal limits; and 3) while thermal suitability characterized across constant temperatures did not perfectly capture suitability in fluctuating environments, it was more accurate for estimating and mapping thermal limits than predictions from rate summation. Our study provides insight into methods for predicting mosquito-borne disease risk and emphasizes the need to improve understanding of organismal performance under fluctuating conditions.
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Solano N, Herring EC, Hintz CW, Newberry PM, Schatz AM, Walker JW, Osenberg CW, Murdock CC. Mosquito population dynamics is shaped by the interaction among larval density, season, and land use. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.08.598043. [PMID: 38915528 PMCID: PMC11195073 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.08.598043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how variation in key abiotic and biotic factors interact at spatial scales relevant for mosquito fitness and population dynamics is crucial for predicting current and future mosquito distributions and abundances, and the transmission potential for human pathogens. However, studies investigating the effects of environmental variation on mosquito traits have investigated environmental factors in isolation or in laboratory experiments that examine constant environmental conditions that often do not occur in the field. To address these limitations, we conducted a semi-field experiment in Athens, Georgia using the invasive Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus). We selected nine sites that spanned natural variation in impervious surface and vegetation cover to explore effects of the microclimate (temperature and humidity) on mosquitoes. On these sites, we manipulated conspecific larval density at each site. We repeated the experiment in the summer and fall. We then evaluated the effects of land cover, larval density, and time of season, as well as interactive effects, on the mean proportion of females emerging, juvenile development time, size upon emergence, and predicted per capita population growth (i.e., fitness). We found significant effects of larval density, land cover, and season on all response variables. Of most note, we saw strong interactive effects of season and intra-specific density on each response variable, including a non-intuitive decrease in development time with increasing intra-specific competition in the fall. Our study demonstrates that ignoring the interaction between variation in biotic and abiotic variables could reduce the accuracy and precision of models used to predict mosquito population and pathogen transmission dynamics, especially those inferring dynamics at finer-spatial scales across which transmission and control occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Solano
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Emily C. Herring
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Carl W. Hintz
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Philip M. Newberry
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Annakate M. Schatz
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Joseph W. Walker
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Courtney C. Murdock
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Mackay AJ, Yan J, Kim CH, Barreaux AMG, Stone CM. Larval diet and temperature alter mosquito immunity and development: using body size and developmental traits to track carry-over effects on longevity. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:434. [PMID: 37993953 PMCID: PMC10666368 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimating arbovirus transmission potential requires a mechanistic understanding of how environmental factors influence the expression of adult mosquito traits. While preimaginal exposure to environmental factors can have profound effects on adult traits, tracking and predicting these effects remains challenging. METHODS Using Aedes albopictus and a structural equation modeling approach, we explored how larval nutrition and temperature jointly affect development rate and success, female body size, and whether these metrics capture carry-over effects on adult female longevity. Additionally, we investigated how larval diet and temperature affect the baseline expression of 10 immune genes. RESULTS We found that larval development success was primarily determined by diet, while temperature and diet both affected development rate and female body size. Under a low larval diet, pupal wet weight and wing length both declined with increasing temperature. In contrast, responses of the two morphometric measures to rearing temperature diverged when females were provided higher larval nutrition, with pupal wet weight increasing and wing length decreasing at higher temperatures. Our analyses also revealed opposing relationships between adult female lifespan and the two morphometric measures, with wing length having a positive association with longevity and pupal weight a negative association. Larval diet indirectly affected adult longevity, and the time to pupation was negatively correlated with longevity. The expression of eight immune genes from the toll, JAK-STAT and Imd pathways was enhanced in mosquitoes with higher nutrition. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight deficiencies from using a single body size measure to capture carry-over effects on adult traits. Further studies of larval development rate under varying environmental conditions and its potential for tracking carry-over effects on vectorial capacity are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Mackay
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL, 61820, USA.
| | - Jiayue Yan
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Chang-Hyun Kim
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Antoine M G Barreaux
- INTERTRYP (Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD), Montpellier, France
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris M Stone
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
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Brown JJ, Pascual M, Wimberly MC, Johnson LR, Murdock CC. Humidity - The overlooked variable in the thermal biology of mosquito-borne disease. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1029-1049. [PMID: 37349261 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases cause significant financial and human loss, with billions of dollars spent on control. Arthropod vectors experience a complex suite of environmental factors that affect fitness, population growth and species interactions across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Temperature and water availability are two of the most important abiotic variables influencing their distributions and abundances. While extensive research on temperature exists, the influence of humidity on vector and pathogen parameters affecting disease dynamics are less understood. Humidity is often underemphasized, and when considered, is often treated as independent of temperature even though desiccation likely contributes to declines in trait performance at warmer temperatures. This Perspectives explores how humidity shapes the thermal performance of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission. We summarize what is known about its effects and propose a conceptual model for how temperature and humidity interact to shape the range of temperatures across which mosquitoes persist and achieve high transmission potential. We discuss how failing to account for these interactions hinders efforts to forecast transmission dynamics and respond to epidemics of mosquito-borne infections. We outline future research areas that will ground the effects of humidity on the thermal biology of pathogen transmission in a theoretical and empirical framework to improve spatial and temporal prediction of vector-borne pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel J Brown
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Mercedes Pascual
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael C Wimberly
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Leah R Johnson
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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5
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Gutiérrez EHJ, Riehle MA, Walker KR, Ernst KC, Davidowitz G. Using body size as an indicator for age structure in field populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:483. [PMID: 36550576 PMCID: PMC9773510 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05605-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Aedes aegypti mosquito is a vector of several viruses including dengue, chikungunya, zika, and yellow fever. Vector surveillance and control are the primary methods used for the control and prevention of disease transmission; however, public health institutions largely rely on measures of population abundance as a trigger for initiating control activities. Previous research found evidence that at the northern edge of Ae. aegypti's geographic range, survival, rather than abundance, is likely to be the factor limiting disease transmission. In this study, we sought to test the utility of using body size as an entomological index to surveil changes in the age structure of field-collected female Aedes aegypti. METHODS We collected female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes using BG sentinel traps in three cities at the northern edge of their geographic range. Collections took place during their active season over the course of 3 years. Female wing size was measured as an estimate of body size, and reproductive status was characterized by examining ovary tracheation. Chronological age was determined by measuring transcript abundance of an age-dependent gene. These data were then tested with female abundance at each site and weather data from the estimated larval development period and adulthood (1 week prior to capture). Two sources of weather data were tested to determine which was more appropriate for evaluating impacts on mosquito physiology. All variables were then used to parameterize structural equation models to predict age. RESULTS In comparing city-specific NOAA weather data and site-specific data from HOBO remote temperature and humidity loggers, we found that HOBO data were more tightly associated with body size. This information is useful for justifying the cost of more precise weather monitoring when studying intra-population heterogeneity of eco-physiological factors. We found that body size itself was not significantly associated with age. Of all the variables measured, we found that best fitting model for age included temperature during development, body size, female abundance, and relative humidity in the 1 week prior to capture . The strength of models improved drastically when testing one city at a time, with Hermosillo (the only study city with seasonal dengue transmission) having the best fitting model for age. Despite our finding that there was a bias in the body size of mosquitoes collected alive from the BG sentinel traps that favored large females, there was still sufficient variation in the size of females collected alive to show that inclusion of this entomological indicator improved the predictive capacity of our models. CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of body size data increased the strength of weather-based models for age. Importantly, we found that variation in age was greater within cities than between cities, suggesting that modeling of age must be made on a city-by-city basis. These results contribute to efforts to use weather forecasts to predict changes in the probability of disease transmission by mosquito vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen H. Jeffrey Gutiérrez
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XGraduate Interdisciplinary Program in Entomology and Insect Science, University of Arizona, 1140 E South Campus Drive, Forbes 410, Tucson, AZ 85721-0036 USA ,grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, 94720-7360 Berkeley, USA
| | - M. A. Riehle
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XGraduate Interdisciplinary Program in Entomology and Insect Science, University of Arizona, 1140 E South Campus Drive, Forbes 410, Tucson, AZ 85721-0036 USA
| | - K. R. Walker
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XGraduate Interdisciplinary Program in Entomology and Insect Science, University of Arizona, 1140 E South Campus Drive, Forbes 410, Tucson, AZ 85721-0036 USA
| | - K. C. Ernst
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave., PO Box 245210, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| | - G. Davidowitz
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XGraduate Interdisciplinary Program in Entomology and Insect Science, University of Arizona, 1140 E South Campus Drive, Forbes 410, Tucson, AZ 85721-0036 USA
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Ouédraogo WM, Toé KH, Sombié A, Viana M, Bougouma C, Sanon A, Weetman D, McCall PJ, Kanuka H, Badolo A. Impact of physicochemical parameters of Aedes aegypti breeding habitats on mosquito productivity and the size of emerged adult mosquitoes in Ouagadougou City, Burkina Faso. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:478. [PMID: 36539816 PMCID: PMC9768987 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outbreaks of dengue fever caused by viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are repeated occurrences in West Africa. In recent years, Burkina Faso has experienced major dengue outbreaks, most notably in 2016 and 2017 when 80% of cases were recorded in Ouagadougou City (Central Health Region). In order to better understand the ecology of this vector and to provide information for use in developing control measures, a study on the characteristics of Aedes container breeding sites and the productivity of such sites, as measured by the abundance of immature stages and resultant adult body size, was undertaken in three health districts (Baskuy, Bogodogo and Nongremassom) of Ouagadougou. METHODS Adult mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors in 643 households during the rainy season from August to October 2018. The presence of water containers was systematically recorded and the containers examined for the presence or absence of larvae. Characteristics of the container breeding sites, including size of the container and temperature, pH and conductivity of the water contained within, were recorded as well as the volume of water. Traditional Stegomyia indices were calculated as quantitative indicators of the risk of dengue outbreaks; generalised mixed models were fitted to larval and pupal densities, and the contribution of each covariate to the model was evaluated by the Z-value and associated P-value. RESULTS A total of 1061 container breeding sites were inspected, of which 760 contained immature stages of Ae. aegypti ('positive' containers). The most frequent container breeding sites found in each health district were tyres and both medium (buckets/cans/pots) and large (bins/barrels/drums) containers; these containers were also the most productive larval habitats and the types that most frequently tested positive. Of the Stegomyia indices, the Breteau, House and Container indices exceeded WHO dengue risk thresholds. Generalised linear mixed models showed that larval and pupal abundances were associated with container type, physicochemical characteristics of the water and collection month, but there were significant differences among container types and among health districts. Aedes aegypti body size was positively associated with type and diameter of the container, as well as with electrical conductivity of the water, and negatively associated with pH and temperature of the water and with the level of exposure of the container to sunlight. CONCLUSION This study provides data on putative determinants of the productivity of habitats regarding Ae. aegypti immature stages. These data are useful to better understand Ae. aegypti proliferation. The results suggest that identifying and targeting the most productive container breeding sites could contribute to dengue vector control strategies in Burkina Faso.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendegoudi Mathias Ouédraogo
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso ,grid.491199.dProgramme National de Lutte Contre Les Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Kobié Hyacinthe Toé
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso ,grid.507461.10000 0004 0413 3193Institut National de Santé Publique, Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Aboubacar Sombié
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Mafalda Viana
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XSchool of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Clarisse Bougouma
- grid.491199.dProgramme National de Lutte Contre Les Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Antoine Sanon
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - David Weetman
- grid.48004.380000 0004 1936 9764Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Philip J. McCall
- grid.48004.380000 0004 1936 9764Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hirotaka Kanuka
- grid.411898.d0000 0001 0661 2073Department of Tropical Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Athanase Badolo
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Bridging landscape ecology and urban science to respond to the rising threat of mosquito-borne diseases. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:1601-1616. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Medeiros MCI, Seabourn PS, Rollins RL, Yoneishi NM. Mosquito Microbiome Diversity Varies Along a Landscape-Scale Moisture Gradient. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 84:893-900. [PMID: 34617123 PMCID: PMC11233147 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01865-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms live in close association with metazoan hosts and form symbiotic microbiotas that modulate host biology. Although the function of host-associated microbiomes may change with composition, hosts within a population can exhibit high turnover in microbiome composition among individuals. However, environmental drivers of this variation are inadequately described. Here, we test the hypothesis that this diversity among the microbiomes of Aedes albopictus (a mosquito disease vector) is associated with the local climate and land-use patterns on the high Pacific island of O 'ahu, Hawai 'i. Our principal finding demonstrates that the relative abundance of several bacterial symbionts in the Ae. albopictus microbiome varies in response to a landscape-scale moisture gradient, resulting in the turnover of the mosquito microbiome composition across the landscape. However, we find no evidence that mosquito microbiome diversity is tied to an index of urbanization. This result has implications toward understanding the assembly of host-associated microbiomes, especially during an era of rampant global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C I Medeiros
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, Life Science Building, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1800 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA.
- Center of Microbiome Analysis Through Island Knowledge and Investigation, Life Science Building, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1800 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA.
| | - Priscilla S Seabourn
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, Life Science Building, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1800 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
| | - Randi L Rollins
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, Gilmore Building, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 3050 Maile Way, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
| | - Nicole M Yoneishi
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, Life Science Building, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1800 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
- Center of Microbiome Analysis Through Island Knowledge and Investigation, Life Science Building, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1800 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
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9
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Zettle M, Anderson E, LaDeau SL. Changes in Container-Breeding Mosquito Diversity and Abundance Along an Urbanization Gradient are Associated With Dominance of Arboviral Vectors. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:843-854. [PMID: 35388898 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental conditions associated with urbanization are likely to influence the composition and abundance of mosquito (Diptera, Culicidae) assemblages through effects on juvenile stages, with important consequences for human disease risk. We present six years (2011-2016) of weekly juvenile mosquito data from distributed standardized ovitraps and evaluate how variation in impervious cover and temperature affect the composition and abundance of container-breeding mosquito species in Maryland, USA. Species richness and evenness were lowest at sites with high impervious cover (>60% in 100-m buffer). However, peak diversity was recorded at sites with intermediate impervious cover (28-35%). Four species were observed at all sites, including two recent invasives (Aedes albopictus Skuse, Ae. japonicus Theobald), an established resident (Culex pipiens L), and one native (Cx. restuans Theobald). All four are viral vectors in zoonotic or human transmission cycles. Temperature was a positive predictor of weekly larval abundance during the growing season for each species, as well as a positive predictor of rapid pupal development. Despite being observed at all sites, each species responded differently to impervious cover. Abundance of Ae. albopictus larvae was positively associated with impervious cover, emphasizing that this medically-important vector not only persists in the warmer, impervious urban landscape but is positively associated with it. Positive temperature effects in our models of larval abundance and pupae occurrence in container habitats suggest that these four vector species are likely to continue to be present and abundant in temperate cities under future temperature scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- MyKenna Zettle
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Elsa Anderson
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA
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10
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Reitmayer CM, Pathak AK, Harrington LC, Brindley MA, Cator LJ, Murdock CC. Sex, age, and parental harmonic convergence behavior affect the immune performance of Aedes aegypti offspring. Commun Biol 2021; 4:723. [PMID: 34117363 PMCID: PMC8196008 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmonic convergence is a potential cue, female mosquitoes use to choose male mates. However, very little is known about the benefits this choice confers to offspring performance. Using Aedes aegypti (an important vector of human disease), we investigated whether offspring of converging parental pairs showed differences in immune competence compared to offspring derived from non-converging parental pairs. Here we show that harmonic convergence, along with several other interacting factors (sex, age, reproductive, and physiological status), significantly shaped offspring immune responses (melanization and response to a bacterial challenge). Harmonic convergence had a stronger effect on the immune response of male offspring than on female offspring. Further, female offspring from converging parental pairs disseminated dengue virus more quickly than offspring derived from non-converging parental pairs. Our results provide insight into a wide range of selective pressures shaping mosquito immune function and could have important implications for disease transmission and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Reitmayer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Tropical and Global Emerging Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, UK
| | - Ashutosh K Pathak
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Tropical and Global Emerging Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Laura C Harrington
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Northeast Center for Excellence for Vector-borne Disease Research, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Melinda A Brindley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lauren J Cator
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Courtney C Murdock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Center for Tropical and Global Emerging Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Northeast Center for Excellence for Vector-borne Disease Research, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Riverbasin Center, Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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11
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Ngonghala CN, Ryan SJ, Tesla B, Demakovsky LR, Mordecai EA, Murdock CC, Bonds MH. Effects of changes in temperature on Zika dynamics and control. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210165. [PMID: 33947225 PMCID: PMC8097513 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
When a rare pathogen emerges to cause a pandemic, it is critical to understand its dynamics and the impact of mitigation measures. We use experimental data to parametrize a temperature-dependent model of Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission dynamics and analyse the effects of temperature variability and control-related parameters on the basic reproduction number (R0) and the final epidemic size of ZIKV. Sensitivity analyses show that these two metrics are largely driven by different parameters, with the exception of temperature, which is the dominant driver of epidemic dynamics in the models. Our R0 estimate has a single optimum temperature (≈30°C), comparable to other published results (≈29°C). However, the final epidemic size is maximized across a wider temperature range, from 24 to 36°C. The models indicate that ZIKV is highly sensitive to seasonal temperature variation. For example, although the model predicts that ZIKV transmission cannot occur at a constant temperature below 23°C (≈ average annual temperature of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), the model predicts substantial epidemics for areas with a mean temperature of 20°C if there is seasonal variation of 10°C (≈ average annual temperature of Tampa, Florida). This suggests that the geographical range of ZIKV is wider than indicated from static R0 models, underscoring the importance of climate dynamics and variation in the context of broader climate change on emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calistus N Ngonghala
- Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Sadie J Ryan
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Blanka Tesla
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Leah R Demakovsky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Erin A Mordecai
- Biology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Courtney C Murdock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Center of Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- River Basin Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- Northeast Regional Center of Excellence for Vector-borne Disease Research and the Cornell Institute for Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Matthew H Bonds
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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12
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Geometric morphometric wing analysis represents a robust tool to identify female mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17613. [PMID: 33077803 PMCID: PMC7573584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate species identification is the prerequisite to assess the relevance of mosquito specimens, but is often hindered by missing or damaged morphological features. The present study analyses the applicability of wing geometric morphometrics as a low-cost and practical alternative to identify native mosquitoes in Germany. Wing pictures were collected for 502 female mosquitoes of five genera and 19 species from 80 sampling sites. The reliable species identification based on interspecific wing geometry of 18 landmarks per specimen was tested. Leave-one-out cross validation revealed an overall accuracy of 99% for the genus and 90% for the species identification. Misidentifications were mainly due to three pairings of Aedes species: Aedes annulipes vs. Aedes cantans, Aedes cinereus vs. Aedes rossicus and Aedes communis vs. Aedes punctor. Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene region was sequenced to validate the morphological and morphometric identification. Similar to the results of the morphometric analysis, the same problematic three Aedes-pairs clustered, but most other species could be well separated. Overall, our study underpins that morphometric wing analysis is a robust tool for reliable mosquito identification, which reach the accuracy of COI barcoding.
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13
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Bellone R, Failloux AB. The Role of Temperature in Shaping Mosquito-Borne Viruses Transmission. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:584846. [PMID: 33101259 PMCID: PMC7545027 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.584846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases having the greatest impact on human health are typically prevalent in the tropical belt of the world. However, these diseases are conquering temperate regions, raising the question of the role of temperature on their dynamics and expansion. Temperature is one of the most significant abiotic factors affecting, in many ways, insect vectors and the pathogens they transmit. Here, we debate the veracity of this claim by synthesizing current knowledge on the effects of temperature on arboviruses and their vectors, as well as the outcome of their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bellone
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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14
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Ferreira PG, Tesla B, Horácio ECA, Nahum LA, Brindley MA, de Oliveira Mendes TA, Murdock CC. Temperature Dramatically Shapes Mosquito Gene Expression With Consequences for Mosquito-Zika Virus Interactions. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:901. [PMID: 32595607 PMCID: PMC7303344 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne flaviviruses are emerging threats to human health. For successful transmission, the virus needs to efficiently enter mosquito cells and replicate within and escape several tissue barriers while mosquitoes elicit major transcriptional responses to flavivirus infection. This process will be affected not only by the specific mosquito-pathogen pairing but also by variation in key environmental variables such as temperature. Thus far, few studies have examined the molecular responses triggered by temperature and how these responses modify infection outcomes, despite substantial evidence showing strong relationships between temperature and transmission in a diversity of systems. To define the host transcriptional changes associated with temperature variation during the early infection process, we compared the transcriptome of mosquito midgut samples from mosquitoes exposed to Zika virus (ZIKV) and non-exposed mosquitoes housed at three different temperatures (20, 28, and 36°C). While the high-temperature samples did not show significant changes from those with standard rearing conditions (28°C) 48 h post-exposure, the transcriptome profile of mosquitoes housed at 20°C was dramatically different. The expression of genes most altered by the cooler temperature involved aspects of blood-meal digestion, ROS metabolism, and mosquito innate immunity. Further, we did not find significant differences in the viral RNA copy number between 24 and 48 h post-exposure at 20°C, suggesting that ZIKV replication is limited by cold-induced changes to the mosquito midgut environment. In ZIKV-exposed mosquitoes, vitellogenin, a lipid carrier protein, was most up-regulated at 20°C. Our results provide a deeper understanding of the temperature-triggered transcriptional changes in Aedes aegypti and can be used to further define the molecular mechanisms driven by environmental temperature variation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blanka Tesla
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Elvira Cynthia Alves Horácio
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Laila Alves Nahum
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Promove College of Technology, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Melinda Ann Brindley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Courtney Cuinn Murdock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Center for Emerging and Global Tropical Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,River Basin Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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15
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Chandrasegaran K, Lahondère C, Escobar LE, Vinauger C. Linking Mosquito Ecology, Traits, Behavior, and Disease Transmission. Trends Parasitol 2020; 36:393-403. [PMID: 32191853 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are considered to be the deadliest animals on Earth because the diseases they transmit claim at least a million human lives every year globally. Here, we discuss the scales at which the effects of ecological factors cascade to influence epidemiologically relevant behaviors of adult mosquitoes. In particular, we focused our review on the environmental conditions (coarse-scale variables) that shape the life-history traits of larvae and adult mosquitoes (fine-scale traits), and how these factors and their association, in turn, modulate adult behaviors to influence mosquito-borne disease transmission. Finally, we explore the integration of physical, physiological, and behavioral information into predictive models with epidemiological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chloé Lahondère
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; The Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; The Global Change Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Luis E Escobar
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; The Global Change Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Clément Vinauger
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; The Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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16
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Evans MV, Hintz CW, Jones L, Shiau J, Solano N, Drake JM, Murdock CC. Microclimate and Larval Habitat Density Predict Adult Aedes albopictus Abundance in Urban Areas. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 101:362-370. [PMID: 31190685 PMCID: PMC6685558 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, transmits several arboviruses of public health importance, including chikungunya and dengue. Since its introduction to the United States in 1985, the species has invaded more than 40 states, including temperate areas not previously at risk of Aedes-transmitted arboviruses. Mathematical models incorporate climatic variables in predictions of site-specific Ae. albopictus abundances to identify human populations at risk of disease. However, these models rely on coarse resolutions of environmental data that may not accurately represent the climatic profile experienced by mosquitoes in the field, particularly in climatically heterogeneous urban areas. In this study, we pair field surveys of larval and adult Ae. albopictus mosquitoes with site-specific microclimate data across a range of land use types to investigate the relationships between microclimate, density of larval habitat, and adult mosquito abundance and determine whether these relationships change across an urban gradient. We find no evidence for a difference in larval habitat density or adult abundance between rural, suburban, and urban land classes. Adult abundance increases with increasing larval habitat density, which itself is dependent on microclimate. Adult abundance is strongly explained by microclimate variables, demonstrating that theoretically derived, laboratory-parameterized relationships in ectotherm physiology apply to the field. Our results support the continued use of temperature-dependent models to predict Ae. albopictus abundance in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle V Evans
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Carl W Hintz
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Lindsey Jones
- Department of Biology, Albany State University, Albany, Georgia
| | - Justine Shiau
- Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Nicole Solano
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - John M Drake
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Courtney C Murdock
- Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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17
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Katz G, Leisnham PT, LaDeau SL. Aedes albopictus Body Size Differs Across Neighborhoods With Varying Infrastructural Abandonment. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:615-619. [PMID: 31584098 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes pose an increasing risk in urban landscapes, where spatial heterogeneity in juvenile habitat can influence fine-scale differences in mosquito density and biting activity. We examine how differences in juvenile mosquito habitat along a spectrum of urban infrastructure abandonment can influence the adult body size of the invasive tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae). Adult Ae. albopictus were collected across 3 yr (2015-2017) from residential blocks in Baltimore, MD, that varied in abandonment level, defined by the proportion of houses with boarded-up doors. We show that female Ae. albopictus collected from sites with higher abandonment were significantly larger than those collected from higher income, low abandonment blocks. Heterogeneity in mosquito body size, including wing length, has been shown to reflect differences in important traits, including longevity and vector competence. The present work demonstrates that heterogeneity in female size may reflect juvenile habitat variability across the spatial scales most relevant to adult Aedes dispersal and human exposure risk in urban landscapes. Previous work has shown that failure to manage abandonment and waste issues in impoverished neighborhoods supports greater mosquito production, and this study suggests that mosquitoes in these same neighborhoods could live longer, produce more eggs, and have different vector potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Katz
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY
| | - Paul T Leisnham
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
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18
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Aldersley A, Pongsiri A, Bunmee K, Kijchalao U, Chittham W, Fansiri T, Pathawong N, Qureshi A, Harrington LC, Ponlawat A, Cator LJ. Too "sexy" for the field? Paired measures of laboratory and semi-field performance highlight variability in the apparent mating fitness of Aedes aegypti transgenic strains. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:357. [PMID: 31324262 PMCID: PMC6642483 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluating and improving mating success and competitive ability of laboratory-reared transgenic mosquito strains will enhance the effectiveness of proposed disease-control strategies that involve deployment of transgenic strains. Two components of the mosquito rearing process, larval diet quantity and aquatic environment - which are linked to physiological and behavioural differences in adults - are both relatively easy to manipulate. In mosquitoes, as for many other arthropod species, the quality of the juvenile habitat is strongly associated with adult fitness characteristics, such as longevity and fecundity. However, the influence of larval conditioning on mating performance is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the combined effects of larval diet amount and environmental water source on adult male mating success in a genetically modified strain of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in competition with wild-type conspecifics. Importantly, this research was conducted in a field setting using low generation laboratory and wild-type lines. RESULTS By controlling larval diet (high and low) and rearing water source (field-collected and laboratory water), we generated four treatment lines of a genetically modified strain of Ae. aegypti tagged with fluorescent sperm. Laboratory reared mosquitoes were then competed against a low generation wild-type colony in a series of laboratory and semi-field mating experiments. While neither food quantity nor larval aquatic environment were found to affect male mating fitness, the transgenic lines consistently outperformed wild-types in laboratory competition assays, an advantage that was not conferred to semi-field tests. CONCLUSIONS Using a model transgenic system, our results indicate that differences in the experimental conditions of laboratory- and field-based measures of mating success can lead to variation in the perceived performance ability of modified strains if they are only tested in certain environments. While there are many potential sources of variation between laboratory and field lines, laboratory adaptation - which may occur over relatively few generations in this species - may directly impact mating ability depending on the context in which it is measured. We suggest that colony-hybridization with field material can potentially be used to mitigate these effects in a field setting. Release programs utilising mass-produced modified laboratory strains should incorporate comparative assessments of quality in candidate lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Aldersley
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, UK
| | - Arissara Pongsiri
- Vector Biology and Control Section, Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonchanok Bunmee
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Udom Kijchalao
- Vector Biology and Control Section, Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wachiraphan Chittham
- Vector Biology and Control Section, Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyalak Fansiri
- Vector Biology and Control Section, Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattaphol Pathawong
- Vector Biology and Control Section, Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alima Qureshi
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, UK
| | | | - Alongkot Ponlawat
- Vector Biology and Control Section, Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lauren J. Cator
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, UK
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