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Chen DH, He SL, Fu WB, Yan ZT, Hu YJ, Yuan H, Wang MB, Chen B. Mitogenome-based phylogeny of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:599-612. [PMID: 37489338 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are of great medical significance as vectors of many deadly diseases. Mitogenomes have been widely used in phylogenetic studies, but mitogenome knowledge within the family Culicidae is limited, and Culicidae phylogeny is far from resolved. In this study, we surveyed the mitogenomes of 149 Culicidae species, including 7 newly sequenced species. Comparative analysis of 149 mosquito mitogenomes shows gene composition and order to be identical to that of an ancestral insect, and the AT bias, length variation, and codon usage are all consistent with that of other reported Dipteran mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analyses based on the DNA sequences of the 13 protein-coding genes from the 149 species robustly support the monophyly of the subfamily Anophelinae and the tribes Aedini, Culicini, Mansoniini, Sabethini, and Toxorhynchitini. To resolve ambiguous relationships between clades within the subfamily Culicinae, we performed topological tests and show that Aedini is a sister to Culicini and that Uranotaeniini is a sister to (Mansoniini + (Toxorhynchitini + Sabethini)). In addition, we estimated divergence times using a Bayesian relaxation clock based on the sequence data and 3 fossil calibration points. The results show mosquitoes diverged during the Early Jurassic with massive Culicinae radiations during the Cretaceous, coincident with the emergence of angiosperms and the burst of mammals and birds. Overall, this study, which uses the largest number of Culicidae mitogenomes sequenced to date, comprehensively reveals the mitogenome characteristics and mitogenome-based phylogeny and divergence times of Culicidae, providing information for further studies on the mitogenome, phylogeny, evolution, and taxonomic revision of Culicidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Hong Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shu-Lin He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Bo Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen-Tian Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun-Jian Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming-Bin Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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Li LY, Deng YP, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Fu YT, Liu GH, Liu JH. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Culex vishnui (Diptera: Culicidae), one of the major vectors of Japanese encephalitis virus. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:1403-1414. [PMID: 37072585 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) can transmit a variety of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), causing human and animal diseases. Cx. vishnui, Cx. pseudovishnui, and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus are three representative species in Culex vishnui subgroup, which are widely distributed in southeast Asia, and they have been proved as the main vectors transmitting Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) that could cause human infectious mosquito-borne disease across Asia. However, the epidemiology, biology, and even molecular information of those mosquitos remain poorly understood, and only the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus has been reported in these species. In the present study, we sequenced and annotated the complete mitogenome sequence of Cx. vishnui which was 15,587 bp in length, comprising 37 genes. Comparisons of nucleotide and amino acid sequences between Cx. vishnui and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus revealed that most genes within Culex vishnui subgroup were conserved, except atp8, nad1, atp6, and nad6, with differences of 0.4 (rrnS) - 15.1% (tRNAs) and 0 (nad4L) - 9.4% (atp8), respectively, interestingly suggesting the genes nad4L and rrnS were the most conserved but atp8 gene was the least. The results based on nucleotide diversity also supported a relatively uniform distribution of the intraspecific differences in Cx. vishnui and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus with only one highly pronounced peak of divergence centered at the control region. Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated amino acid sequences of 13 protein-coding genes supported the previous taxonomic classification of the family Culicidae and the monophyly of tribes Aedini, Culicini, Mansoniini, and Sabethini. The present study revealed detailed information on the subgroup Culex vishnui, reanalyzed the relationships within the family Culicidae, provided better markers to identify and distinguish Culex species, and offered more markers for studying the molecular epidemiology, population genetics, and molecular phylogenetics of Cx. vishnui.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Yan Li
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuan-Ping Deng
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - You Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yi-Tian Fu
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jin-Hui Liu
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China.
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da Silva FS, do Nascimento BLS, Cruz ACR, da Silva SP, Aragão ADO, Dias DD, da Silva E Silva LH, Reis LAM, Rosa JW, Vieira DBR, Medeiros DBDA, Neto JPN. Sequencing and description of the complete mitochondrial genome of Limatus durhamii (Diptera: Culicidae). Acta Trop 2023; 239:106805. [PMID: 36574895 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The genus Limatus (Diptera: Culicidae) are wild mosquitoes belonging to the Sabethini tribe that occurs in tropical countries and is related to transmission cycles of Orthobunyavirus (Bunyaviridae), particularly in the Amazon region. Given the unavailability of information related to evolutionary biology and molecular taxonomy aspects of this genus, we report here the first complete sequencing of the mitochondrial genome of Limatus durhamii Theobald, 1901. The NextSeq 500 platform was used for sample sequencing, and the mitochondrial sequence obtained was 14,875 bp long, comprising 37 functional subunits (13 PCGs, 22 tRNA and 02 rRNA). The phylogeny reconstructed by maximum likelihood based on the concatenation of all 13 PCGs corroborated the known taxonomic classification based most on aspects of the external morphology and few molecular studies. The data and information produced here may be useful in the future development of taxonomic and evolutionary studies for the genus, as well as the Culicidae family itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Silva da Silva
- Post-graduate program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State of Pará University, Belém 66095-662, Brazil; Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute - IEC/SVS/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Bruna Laís Sena do Nascimento
- Post-graduate program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State of Pará University, Belém 66095-662, Brazil; Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute - IEC/SVS/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz
- Post-graduate program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State of Pará University, Belém 66095-662, Brazil; Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute - IEC/SVS/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Sandro Patroca da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute - IEC/SVS/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Oliveira Aragão
- Post-graduate program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Genomic and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and System Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Daniel Damous Dias
- Post-graduate program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State of Pará University, Belém 66095-662, Brazil
| | - Lucas Henrique da Silva E Silva
- Post-graduate program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State of Pará University, Belém 66095-662, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Aline Moura Reis
- Post-graduate program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State of Pará University, Belém 66095-662, Brazil
| | - José Wilson Rosa
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute - IEC/SVS/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | | | - Daniele Barbosa de Almeida Medeiros
- Post-graduate program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State of Pará University, Belém 66095-662, Brazil; Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute - IEC/SVS/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Pinto Nunes Neto
- Post-graduate program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State of Pará University, Belém 66095-662, Brazil; Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute - IEC/SVS/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil.
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Koh C, Frangeul L, Blanc H, Ngoagouni C, Boyer S, Dussart P, Grau N, Girod R, Duchemin JB, Saleh MC. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences from 33 globally distributed mosquito species for improved metagenomics and species identification. eLife 2023; 12:82762. [PMID: 36688360 PMCID: PMC10014081 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Total RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is an important tool in the study of mosquitoes and the RNA viruses they vector as it allows assessment of both host and viral RNA in specimens. However, there are two main constraints. First, as with many other species, abundant mosquito ribosomal RNA (rRNA) serves as the predominant template from which sequences are generated, meaning that the desired host and viral templates are sequenced far less. Second, mosquito specimens captured in the field must be correctly identified, in some cases to the sub-species level. Here, we generate mosquito rRNA datasets which will substantially mitigate both of these problems. We describe a strategy to assemble novel rRNA sequences from mosquito specimens and produce an unprecedented dataset of 234 full-length 28S and 18S rRNA sequences of 33 medically important species from countries with known histories of mosquito-borne virus circulation (Cambodia, the Central African Republic, Madagascar, and French Guiana). These sequences will allow both physical and computational removal of rRNA from specimens during RNA-seq protocols. We also assess the utility of rRNA sequences for molecular taxonomy and compare phylogenies constructed using rRNA sequences versus those created using the gold standard for molecular species identification of specimens-the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene. We find that rRNA- and COI-derived phylogenetic trees are incongruent and that 28S and concatenated 28S+18S rRNA phylogenies reflect evolutionary relationships that are more aligned with contemporary mosquito systematics. This significant expansion to the current rRNA reference library for mosquitoes will improve mosquito RNA-seq metagenomics by permitting the optimization of species-specific rRNA depletion protocols for a broader range of species and streamlining species identification by rRNA sequence and phylogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Koh
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, F-75015ParisFrance
| | - Lionel Frangeul
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, F-75015ParisFrance
| | - Hervé Blanc
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, F-75015ParisFrance
| | - Carine Ngoagouni
- Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Medical Entomology LaboratoryBanguiCentral African Republic
| | - Sébastien Boyer
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Medical and Veterinary Entomology UnitPhnom PenhCambodia
| | | | - Nina Grau
- Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Medical Entomology UnitAntananarivoMadagascar
| | - Romain Girod
- Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Medical Entomology UnitAntananarivoMadagascar
| | - Jean-Bernard Duchemin
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile AbonnencCayenneFrench Guiana
| | - Maria-Carla Saleh
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, F-75015ParisFrance
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In silico identification of multiple conserved motifs within the control region of Culicidae mitogenomes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21920. [PMID: 36536037 PMCID: PMC9763401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are important vectors for human and animal diseases. Genetic markers, like the mitochondrial COI gene, can facilitate the taxonomic classification of disease vectors, vector-borne disease surveillance, and prevention. Within the control region (CR) of the mitochondrial genome, there exists a highly variable and poorly studied non-coding AT-rich area that contains the origin of replication. Although the CR hypervariable region has been used for species differentiation of some animals, few studies have investigated the mosquito CR. In this study, we analyze the mosquito mitogenome CR sequences from 125 species and 17 genera. We discovered four conserved motifs located 80 to 230 bp upstream of the 12S rRNA gene. Two of these motifs were found within all 392 Anopheles (An.) CR sequences while the other two motifs were identified in all 37 Culex (Cx.) CR sequences. However, only 3 of the 304 non-Culicidae Dipteran mitogenome CR sequences contained these motifs. Interestingly, the short motif found in all 37 Culex sequences had poly-A and poly-T stretch of similar length that is predicted to form a stable hairpin. We show that supervised learning using the frequency chaos game representation of the CR can be used to differentiate mosquito genera from their dipteran relatives.
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Morphological and Molecular Characterization Using Genitalia and CoxI Barcode Sequence Analysis of Afrotropical Mosquitoes with Arbovirus Vector Potential. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14110940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Potential arboviral Afrotropical mosquito vectors are underrepresented in public databases of CoxI barcode sequences. Furthermore, available CoxI sequences for many species are often not associated with voucher specimens to match the corresponding fine morphological characterization of specimens. Hence, this study focused on the characterization of Culicine mosquitoes from South Africa, Mozambique, and Angola and their classification using a complementary approach including a morphological analysis of specimens’ genitalia and phylogenetic study based on the analysis of CoxI barcode sequences using maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic inference methods, alongside Median-Joining Network and PCOORD analyses. Overall, 800 mosquitoes (652 males and 148 females) from 67 species, were analyzed. Genitalia from 663 specimens allowed the identification of 55 species of 10 genera. A total of 247 CoxI partial gene sequences corresponding to 65 species were obtained, 11 of which (Aedes capensis, Ae. mucidus, Culex andersoni, Cx. telesilla, Cx. inconspicuosus, Eretmapodites subsimplicipes, Er. quinquevittatus, Ficalbia uniformis, Mimomyia hispida, Uranotaenia alboabdominalis, and Ur. mashonaensis) are, to the best of our knowledge, provided here for the first time. The presence of Cx. pipiens ecotypes molestus and pipiens and their hybrids, as well as Cx. infula, is newly reported in the Afrotropical region. The rates of correct sequence identification using BOLD and BLASTn (≥95% identity) were 64% and 53%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that, except for subgenus Eumelanomyia of Culex, there was support for tribes Aedini, Culicini, Ficalbiini, and Mansoniini. A divergence >2% was observed in conspecific sequences, e.g., Aedeomyia africana, Ae. cumminsii, Ae. unilineatus, Ae. metallicus, Ae. furcifer, Ae. caballus, and Mansonia uniformis. Conversely, sequences from groups and species complexes, namely, Ae. simpsoni, Ae. mcintoshi, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. simpsoni, and Cx. pipiens were insufficiently separated. A contribution has been made to the barcode library of Afrotropical mosquitoes with associated genitalia morphological identifications.
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Aragão ADO, da Silva FS, Cruz ACR, da Silva SP, Medeiros DBDA, Dias DD, Sena do Nascimento BL, Júnior JWR, Monteiro HADO, Neto JPN. Description of mitochon genome and phylogenetic considerations of Sabethes bipartipes, Sabethes cyaneus, Sabethes quasicyaneus, and Sabethes tarsopus (Diptera: Culicidae). Acta Trop 2022; 232:106493. [PMID: 35525314 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The genus Sabethes (Diptera: Culicidae) comprises species of great epidemiological relevance, particularly involved in transmission cycles of the Yellow fever virus in South America. Given the unavailability of information related to aspects of evolutionary biology and molecular taxonomy of species of this genus of mosquitoes, we report here the first sequencing of the mitochondrial genomes of Sabethes bipartipes, Sabethes cyaneus, Sabethes tarsopus, and Sabethes quasicyaneus. The sequences obtained showed an average length of 14,920 bp, comprising 37 functional genes (13 PCGs, 22 tRNA, and 02 rRNA). The phylogenies reconstructed by Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods, based on the concatenated sequences of all 13 PCGs, produced similar topologies and strongly supported the monophyletic relationship between the Sabethes subgenera, corroborating the known taxonomic classification based on aspects of the external morphology of the taxa assessed. The data and information produced from the Sabethes species evaluated here may be useful for future taxonomic and evolutionary studies of the genus, as well as the Culicidae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa de Oliveira Aragão
- Post-graduate program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Genomic and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and System Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Fábio Silva da Silva
- Post-graduate program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State of Pará University, Belém 66095-662, Brazil; Evandro Chagas Institute - IEC/SVS/MS, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil.
| | - Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz
- Evandro Chagas Institute - IEC/SVS/MS, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil.
| | - Sandro Patroca da Silva
- Evandro Chagas Institute - IEC/SVS/MS, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Daniel Damous Dias
- Post-graduate program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State of Pará University, Belém 66095-662, Brazil
| | - Bruna Laís Sena do Nascimento
- Post-graduate program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State of Pará University, Belém 66095-662, Brazil; Evandro Chagas Institute - IEC/SVS/MS, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil.
| | - José Wilson Rosa Júnior
- Evandro Chagas Institute - IEC/SVS/MS, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Joaquim Pinto Nunes Neto
- Post-graduate program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State of Pará University, Belém 66095-662, Brazil; Evandro Chagas Institute - IEC/SVS/MS, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil.
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Ma XX, Wang FF, Wu TT, Li Y, Sun XJ, Wang CR, Chang QC. First description of the mitogenome and phylogeny:Aedes vexansand Ochlerotatus caspius of the Tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae). INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 102:105311. [PMID: 35640863 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Culicidae, the mosquito family, includes more than 3600 species subdivided into the subfamilies Anophelinae and Culicinae. One-third of mosquitoes belong to the Aedini tribe, which is subordinate to the subfamily Culicinae, which comprises common vectors of viral zoonoses. The tribe of Aedini is extremely diverse in morphology and geographical distribution and has high ecological and medical significance. However, knowledge about the systematics of the Aedini tribe is still limited owing to its large population and the similar morphological characteristics of its species. This study provides the first description of the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of Aedes vexans and Ochlerotatus caspius belonging to the Aedini tribe. The mt genomes of A. vexans and O. caspius are circular molecules that are 15,861 bp and 15,954 bp in size, with AT contents of 78.54% and 79.36%, respectively. Both the circular mt genomes comprise 37 functional subunits, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and a control region (also known as the AT-rich region). The most common start codons are ATT/ATG, apart from cox1 (TCG) and nad5 (GTG), while TAA is the termination codon for all PCGs. All tRNAs have a typical clover leaf structure, except tRNA Ser1. Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated, aligned amino acid sequences of the 13 PCGs showed that A. vexans gathered with Aedes sp. in a sister taxon, and O. caspius gathered with Ochlerotatus sp. in a sister taxon. The findings from the present study support the concept of monophyly of all groups, ratify the current taxonomic classification, and provide vital molecular marker resources for further studies of the taxonomy, population genetics, and systematics of the Aedini tribe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Ma
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong Province 515063, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Feng-Feng Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Ye Li
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161005, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jing Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi Province 710021, PR China
| | - Chun-Ren Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Qiao-Cheng Chang
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong Province 515063, PR China.
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do Nascimento BLS, da Silva FS, Nunes-Neto JP, de Almeida Medeiros DB, Cruz ACR, da Silva SP, da Silva e Silva LH, de Oliveira Monteiro HA, Dias DD, Vieira DBR, Rosa JW, Brandão RCF, Chiang JO, Martins LC, da Costa Vasconcelos PF. First Description of the Mitogenome and Phylogeny of Culicinae Species from the Amazon Region. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121983. [PMID: 34946932 PMCID: PMC8701802 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Culicidae family is distributed worldwide and comprises about 3587 species subdivided into the subfamilies Anophelinae and Culicinae. This is the first description of complete mitochondrial DNA sequences from Aedes fluviatilis, Aedeomyia squamipennis, Coquillettidia nigricans, Psorophora albipes, and Psorophora ferox. The mitogenomes showed an average length of 15,046 pb and 78.02% AT content, comprising 37 functional subunits (13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNAs, and two rRNAs). The most common start codons were ATT/ATG, and TAA was the stop codon for all PCGs. The tRNAs had the typical leaf clover structure, except tRNASer1. Phylogeny was inferred by analyzing the 13 PCGs concatenated nucleotide sequences of 48 mitogenomes. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analysis placed Ps. albipes and Ps. ferox in the Janthinosoma group, like the accepted classification of Psorophora genus. Ae. fluviatilis was placed in the Aedini tribe, but was revealed to be more related to the Haemagogus genus, a result that may have been hampered by the poor sampling of Aedes sequences. Cq. nigricans clustered with Cq. chrysonotum, both related to Mansonia. Ae. squamipennis was placed as the most external lineage of the Culicinae subfamily. The yielded topology supports the concept of monophyly of all groups and ratifies the current taxonomic classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Laís Sena do Nascimento
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/SVS/MS, Belém 67030-000, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.N.); (F.S.d.S.); (D.B.d.A.M.); (A.C.R.C.); (S.P.d.S.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (D.B.R.V.); (J.W.R.J.); (R.C.F.B.); (J.O.C.); (L.C.M.)
- Biological and Health Sciences Center, Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Posgraduation Program, State of Pará University, Belém 66095-662, Brazil; (L.H.d.S.e.S.); (D.D.D.); (P.F.d.C.V.)
| | - Fábio Silva da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/SVS/MS, Belém 67030-000, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.N.); (F.S.d.S.); (D.B.d.A.M.); (A.C.R.C.); (S.P.d.S.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (D.B.R.V.); (J.W.R.J.); (R.C.F.B.); (J.O.C.); (L.C.M.)
- Biological and Health Sciences Center, Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Posgraduation Program, State of Pará University, Belém 66095-662, Brazil; (L.H.d.S.e.S.); (D.D.D.); (P.F.d.C.V.)
| | - Joaquim Pinto Nunes-Neto
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/SVS/MS, Belém 67030-000, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.N.); (F.S.d.S.); (D.B.d.A.M.); (A.C.R.C.); (S.P.d.S.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (D.B.R.V.); (J.W.R.J.); (R.C.F.B.); (J.O.C.); (L.C.M.)
- Biological and Health Sciences Center, Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Posgraduation Program, State of Pará University, Belém 66095-662, Brazil; (L.H.d.S.e.S.); (D.D.D.); (P.F.d.C.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniele Barbosa de Almeida Medeiros
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/SVS/MS, Belém 67030-000, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.N.); (F.S.d.S.); (D.B.d.A.M.); (A.C.R.C.); (S.P.d.S.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (D.B.R.V.); (J.W.R.J.); (R.C.F.B.); (J.O.C.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/SVS/MS, Belém 67030-000, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.N.); (F.S.d.S.); (D.B.d.A.M.); (A.C.R.C.); (S.P.d.S.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (D.B.R.V.); (J.W.R.J.); (R.C.F.B.); (J.O.C.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Sandro Patroca da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/SVS/MS, Belém 67030-000, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.N.); (F.S.d.S.); (D.B.d.A.M.); (A.C.R.C.); (S.P.d.S.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (D.B.R.V.); (J.W.R.J.); (R.C.F.B.); (J.O.C.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Lucas Henrique da Silva e Silva
- Biological and Health Sciences Center, Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Posgraduation Program, State of Pará University, Belém 66095-662, Brazil; (L.H.d.S.e.S.); (D.D.D.); (P.F.d.C.V.)
| | - Hamilton Antônio de Oliveira Monteiro
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/SVS/MS, Belém 67030-000, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.N.); (F.S.d.S.); (D.B.d.A.M.); (A.C.R.C.); (S.P.d.S.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (D.B.R.V.); (J.W.R.J.); (R.C.F.B.); (J.O.C.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Daniel Damous Dias
- Biological and Health Sciences Center, Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Posgraduation Program, State of Pará University, Belém 66095-662, Brazil; (L.H.d.S.e.S.); (D.D.D.); (P.F.d.C.V.)
| | - Durval Bertram Rodrigues Vieira
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/SVS/MS, Belém 67030-000, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.N.); (F.S.d.S.); (D.B.d.A.M.); (A.C.R.C.); (S.P.d.S.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (D.B.R.V.); (J.W.R.J.); (R.C.F.B.); (J.O.C.); (L.C.M.)
| | - José Wilson Rosa
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/SVS/MS, Belém 67030-000, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.N.); (F.S.d.S.); (D.B.d.A.M.); (A.C.R.C.); (S.P.d.S.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (D.B.R.V.); (J.W.R.J.); (R.C.F.B.); (J.O.C.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Roberto Carlos Feitosa Brandão
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/SVS/MS, Belém 67030-000, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.N.); (F.S.d.S.); (D.B.d.A.M.); (A.C.R.C.); (S.P.d.S.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (D.B.R.V.); (J.W.R.J.); (R.C.F.B.); (J.O.C.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Jannifer Oliveira Chiang
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/SVS/MS, Belém 67030-000, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.N.); (F.S.d.S.); (D.B.d.A.M.); (A.C.R.C.); (S.P.d.S.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (D.B.R.V.); (J.W.R.J.); (R.C.F.B.); (J.O.C.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Livia Carício Martins
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/SVS/MS, Belém 67030-000, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.N.); (F.S.d.S.); (D.B.d.A.M.); (A.C.R.C.); (S.P.d.S.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (D.B.R.V.); (J.W.R.J.); (R.C.F.B.); (J.O.C.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos
- Biological and Health Sciences Center, Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Posgraduation Program, State of Pará University, Belém 66095-662, Brazil; (L.H.d.S.e.S.); (D.D.D.); (P.F.d.C.V.)
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Guo J, Yan ZT, Fu WB, Yuan H, Li XD, Chen B. Complete mitogenomes of Anopheles peditaeniatus and Anopheles nitidus and phylogenetic relationships within the genus Anopheles inferred from mitogenomes. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:452. [PMID: 34488869 PMCID: PMC8420037 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the medical importance of mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles in the transmission of malaria and other human diseases, its phylogenetic relationships are not settled, and the characteristics of mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) are not thoroughly understood. METHODS The present study sequenced and analyzed the complete mitogenomes of An. peditaeniatus and An. nitidus, investigated genome characteristics, and inferred the phylogenetic relationships of 76 Anopheles spp. RESULTS The complete mitogenomes of An. peditaeniatus and An. nitidus are 15,416 and 15,418 bp long, respectively, and both include 13 PCGs, 22 tRNAs, two tRNAs and one control region (CR). Mitogenomes of Anopheles spp. are similar to those of other insects in general characteristics; however, the trnR and trnA have been reversed to "trnR-trnA," as has been reported in other mosquito genera. Genome variations mainly occur in CR length (493-886 bp) with six repeat unit types identified for the first time that demonstrate an evolutionary signal. The subgenera Lophopodomyia, Stethomyia, Kerteszia, Nyssorhynchus, Anopheles and Cellia are inferred to be monophyletic, and the phylogenetic analyses support a new phylogenetic relationship among the six subgenera investigated, in that subgenus Lophopodomyia is the sister to all other five subgenera, and the remaining five subgenera are divided into two clades, one of which is a sister-taxon subgenera Stethomyia + Kerteszia, and the other consists of subgenus Nyssorhynchus as the sister to a sister-group subgenera Anopheles + Cellia. Four series (Neomyzomyia, Pyretophorus, Neocellia and Myzomyia) of the subgenus Cellia, and two series (Arribalzagia and Myzorhynchus) of the subgenus Anopheles were found to be monophyletic, whereas three sections (Myzorhynchella, Argyritarsis and Albimanus) and their subdivisions of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus were polyphyletic or paraphyletic. CONCLUSIONS The study comprehensively uncovered the characteristics of mitogenome and the phylogenetics based on mitogenomes in the genus Anopheles, and provided information for further study on the mitogenomes, phylogenetics and taxonomic revision of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Tian Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bo Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu-Dong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331 People’s Republic of China
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Culicidae evolutionary history focusing on the Culicinae subfamily based on mitochondrial phylogenomics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18823. [PMID: 33139764 PMCID: PMC7606482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are insects of medical importance due their role as vectors of different pathogens to humans. There is a lack of information about the evolutionary history and phylogenetic positioning of the majority of mosquito species. Here we characterized the mitogenomes of mosquito species through low-coverage whole genome sequencing and data mining. A total of 37 draft mitogenomes of different species were assembled from which 16 are newly-sequenced species. We datamined additional 49 mosquito mitogenomes, and together with our 37 mitogenomes, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of 86 species including representatives from 15 genera and 7 tribes. Our results showed that most of the species clustered in clades with other members of their own genus with exception of Aedes genus which was paraphyletic. We confirmed the monophyletic status of the Mansoniini tribe including both Coquillettidia and Mansonia genus. The Aedeomyiini and Uranotaeniini were consistently recovered as basal to other tribes in the subfamily Culicinae, although the exact relationships among these tribes differed between analyses. These results demonstrate that low-coverage sequencing is effective to recover mitogenomes, establish phylogenetic knowledge and hence generate basic fundamental information that will help in the understanding of the role of these species as pathogen vectors.
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Mitochondrial genome sequencing and phylogeny of Haemagogus albomaculatus, Haemagogus leucocelaenus, Haemagogus spegazzinii, and Haemagogus tropicalis (Diptera: Culicidae). Sci Rep 2020; 10:16948. [PMID: 33046768 PMCID: PMC7550346 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Haemagogus (Diptera: Culicidae) comprises species of great epidemiological relevance, involved in transmission cycles of the Yellow fever virus and other arboviruses in South America. So far, only Haemagogus janthinomys has complete mitochondrial sequences available. Given the unavailability of information related to aspects of the evolutionary biology and molecular taxonomy of this genus, we report here, the first sequencing of the mitogenomes of Haemagogus albomaculatus, Haemagogus leucocelaenus, Haemagogus spegazzinii, and Haemagogus tropicalis. The mitogenomes showed an average length of 15,038 bp, average AT content of 79.3%, positive AT-skews, negative GC-skews, and comprised 37 functional subunits (13 PCGs, 22 tRNA, and 02 rRNA). The PCGs showed ATN as start codon, TAA as stop codon, and signs of purifying selection. The tRNAs had the typical leaf clover structure, except tRNASer1. Phylogenetic analyzes of Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood, based on concatenated sequences from all 13 PCGs, produced identical topologies and strongly supported the monophyletic relationship between the Haemagogus and Conopostegus subgenera, and corroborated with the known taxonomic classification of the evaluated taxa, based on external morphological aspects. The information produced on the mitogenomes of the Haemagogus species evaluated here may be useful in carrying out future taxonomic and evolutionary studies of the genus.
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