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Wainwright SH, Cunha CW, Webb B, McGregor B, Drolet B, Welch JB. Reemerging/Notifiable Diseases to Watch. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2024; 40:317-335. [PMID: 38453550 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Reemerging and notifiable diseases of cattle and bison continue to pose potential risks to their health and lives and affecting production and the livelihoods of producers. It is essential to understand the clinical presentation of these diseases to watch for possible incursions and infections and to immediately report your suspicions to your State and Federal Animal Health Officials. Three of these reemerging and notifiable diseases of cattle and bison, malignant catarrhal fever, bluetongue virus, and New World screwworm, are presented in this article for increased awareness to consider as a differential if examinations present suggestive clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherrilyn H Wainwright
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building B, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA.
| | - Cristina W Cunha
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Disease Research Unit, 3003 ADBF, WSU, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, USA
| | - Brett Webb
- North Dakota State University, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, 4035 19th Avenue North, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Bethany McGregor
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Barbara Drolet
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - John B Welch
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, International Services, Action Programs, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA
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2
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de Barros GP, Hötzel MJ, da Silva MC, Avilés LLA, Bricarello PA. Does tail docking prevent Cochliomyia hominivorax myiasis in sheep? A six-year retrospective cohort study. Anim Welf 2024; 33:e26. [PMID: 38751799 PMCID: PMC11094548 DOI: 10.1017/awf.2024.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Tail docking is a husbandry practice widely incorporated in sheep farms around the world. It is an irreversible mutilation that impairs animal welfare, both immediately and in the longer term. The defence of tail docking as a practice is centred around the perception that doing so contributes to the promotion of local hygiene, allowing the use of the wool, facilitating reproductive management and reducing the chances of myiasis, a disease caused by the invasion of blowfly larvae in the tissues of warm-blooded animals. However, current understanding of farm animal welfare questions the need to maintain practices such as tail docking. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tail docking on the incidence of Cochliomyia hominivorax myiasis in sheep in an experimental flock in Brazil during a six-year retrospective cohort study. Relative risk, odds ratio and incidence rate ratio were the association measures adopted. A total of 4,318 data-points were collected and supplied the analytical model. Tail docking did not decrease the risk and, on the contrary, was found to increase the chances of sheep being affected by myiasis. The results support the hypothesis that tail docking is not a protective factor against the occurrence of myiasis and further fuel calls for a rethink of tail docking being deployed as a blanket measure in the prevention of myiasis in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Pereira de Barros
- Departamento de Zootecnia e Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis88034-001, Brazil
| | - Maria José Hötzel
- Departamento de Zootecnia e Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis88034-001, Brazil
| | - Marceli Carvalho da Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia e Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis88034-001, Brazil
| | - Laura Lívia Arias Avilés
- Departamento de Zootecnia e Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis88034-001, Brazil
| | - Patrizia Ana Bricarello
- Departamento de Zootecnia e Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis88034-001, Brazil
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3
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Bezerra-Santos MA, Dantas-Torres F, Mendoza-Roldan JA, Thompson RCA, Modry D, Otranto D. Invasive mammalian wildlife and the risk of zoonotic parasites. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:786-798. [PMID: 37429777 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Invasive wild mammals are present in all continents, with Europe, North America, and the Asian-Pacific region having the largest number of established species. In particular, Europe has been the continent with the highest number of zoonotic parasites associated with invasive wild mammals. These invasive species may represent a major threat for the conservation of native ecosystems and may enter in the transmission cycle of native parasites, or act as spreaders of exotic parasites. Here, we review the role of invasive wild mammals as spreaders of zoonotic parasites, presenting important examples from Europe, America, and the Asia-Pacific region. Finally, we emphasize the need for more research on these mammals and their parasites, especially in areas where their monitoring is scantily performed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - R C Andrew Thompson
- Division of Veterinary Biology, School of Veterinary Studies, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - David Modry
- Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy; Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
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Akhoundi M, Mathieu A, Hannachi W, Nasrallah J, Quezel G, Blaizot R, Blanchet D, Ben Romdhane H, Epelboin L, Izri A. Morphological and Molecular Characterizations of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Larvae Responsible for Wound Myiasis in French Guiana. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2575. [PMID: 37568937 PMCID: PMC10416906 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Myiasis is an ectoparasitic infection caused by the larvae of true flies (Diptera). We came across a rather rare case of myiasis in an immunocompetent 34-year-old man from French Guiana with advanced wound myiasis masquerading as cavitary myiasis and a history of cholesteatoma surgery in the left ear. The Diptera larvae responsible for the disease were isolated and identified using morphological and molecular approaches as Cochliomyia hominivorax. We underline the importance of this parasitosis as the second case of myiasis caused by C. hominivorax and the first case of wound myiasis in this overseas department of France and its incidence in pre-urban areas of the capital, Cayenne, in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Akhoundi
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Alexandre Mathieu
- Groupe d’Étude et de Protection des Oiseaux en Guyane, Rémire-Montjoly 97354, French Guiana
| | - Wajih Hannachi
- ENT Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne 97306, French Guiana
| | - Jade Nasrallah
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Guillaume Quezel
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne 97306, French Guiana
| | - Romain Blaizot
- Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne 97306, French Guiana
| | - Denis Blanchet
- Parasitology Mycology Universitary Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne 97306, French Guiana
| | | | - Loïc Epelboin
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne 97306, French Guiana
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane CIC Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne 97306, French Guiana
| | - Arezki Izri
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93000 Bobigny, France
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Université-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005 Marseille, France
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5
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Insights into the genetic landscape and presence of Cochliomyia hominivorax in the Caribbean. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:547-556. [PMID: 36527510 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax, is a major parasite that causes myiasis in livestock, humans, and other warm-blooded animals in the western hemisphere. There is a permanent biological border that is maintained between Panama and Colombia, as it has been eradicated from North and Central America. However, it still exists in much of the Caribbean and South America causing an estimated annual loss of $3.6 billion dollars in South America alone. Less information is available for C. hominivorax in the Caribbean. Thus, here we examined its presence and genetic landscape in order to gain insights into this fly's distribution in this region. First, through sampling efforts, novel GPS (Global Positioning System) coordinates were collected. Second, the environmental correlates of those presence points were examined. Next, samples were sequenced in order to obtain a pairwise ΦIT genetic distance matrix. And lastly, this matrix was used to create a genetic landscape of divergence. The results of the genetic landscape show flies as more diverse in Trinidad and Tobago and less diverse in the Dominican Republic. This is perhaps due to the proximity of Trinidad to Venezuela and gene flow may be occurring between these two areas. This information will aid in screwworm surveillance and control programs by providing environmental correlates and a view into the distribution of these flies.
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Rauf I, Khuhro NH, Memon RM, Khan IA. Parasitism preference of Chalcid hymenopteran Dirhinus giffardii (Silvestri) confirms higher parasitism against housefly (Musca domestica) (Diptera: Muscidae) pupae. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262034. [PMID: 35051199 PMCID: PMC8775544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), is capable of transmitting many pathogens that cause severe diseases in humans and animals. Mostly the management tactics rely on synthetic chemicals, but these chemicals creates lethal effects on biological ecosystem. For natural and safe options, bio-control strategy is one of the choice. The present study was a part of such effort to use this strategy and validate the biological performance of the potential pupal parasitoid Dirhinus giffardii (Silvestri) against house fly and provide alternative and safe control of filthy flies. This is the first report on parasitism potential and preference of D. giffardii against house fly. The D. giffardii, early reported as an effective pupal parasitoid of tephritid flies, here in the case presented, showed overall 70% reduction in the house fly population by parasitizing pupae. The parasitism efficiency and longevity of hymenopteran parasitoid was remarkably noted two-fold higher and one-fold more female production on house fly pupae as compared to primary hosts (Tephritids). Furthermore, sex ratio of the resultant progeny was also confirmed the dominancy of female by 74% as compared to males. Based on the novel findings we therefore conclude that D. giffardii is the best bio-control agent for controlling house flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Rauf
- Plant Protection Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Niaz Hussain Khuhro
- Plant Protection Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Raza Muhammad Memon
- Plant Protection Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Ahmed Khan
- Plant Protection Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam, Pakistan
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Foerster N, Soresini G, Paiva F, Silva FAD, Leuchtenberger C, Mourão G. First report of myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax in free-ranging giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis). REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2022; 31:e009522. [PMID: 36417628 PMCID: PMC9901854 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612022058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Giant otters are territorial semi-aquatic mammals. It is common to find several individuals exhibiting wounds and scars due to intraspecific conflicts. Myiasis is a parasitic infestation on living tissues of vertebrates caused by dipterous larvae, that usually develops in freshly open wounds and can seriously threaten the host's health. Ectoparasites seem to be rare among giant otters and myiasis had not been recorded in this species until now. Here, is presented one record of myiasis in a free-ranging giant otter found dead in the Pantanal, Brazil. An ulcerative lesion was found in the frontoparietal region, from which 22 larvae were recovered and identified as Cochliomyia hominivorax. The low occurrence of ectoparasites in giant otters might reflect their semi-aquatic habits and their grooming behavior, which makes it difficult for parasites to remain on the skin. The injured otter probably got the larvae after an intraspecific fight. Agonistic encounters between groups of giant otters have been reported before and these fights can result in serious wounds or even death. It was hypothesized that the myiasis caused by C. hominivorax deteriorated the health of the infested giant otter, which prevented recovery and accelerated its death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Foerster
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.,Giant Otter Conservation Fund, Arroio do Meio, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Fernando Paiva
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Fabiano Aguiar da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Caroline Leuchtenberger
- Giant Otter Conservation Fund, Arroio do Meio, RS, Brasil.,Instituto Federal Farroupilha, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Guilherme Mourão
- Laboratório de Vida Selvagem, Embrapa Pantanal, Corumbá, MS, Brasil
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Han B, Yang F, Tian X, Mu M, Zhang K. Tracking antibiotic resistance gene transfer at all seasons from swine waste to receiving environments. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112335. [PMID: 34020270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in livestock farms have attracted a growing attention with potential effects on human health. As one of the most important organic fertilizer, swine waste provided an ideal environment for understanding the dissemination and accumulation of ARGs in agricultural ecosystems. Here we conducted a year-round follow-up trace from swine waste to receiving environments, with the purpose of revealing the contamination profiles and ecological risks of ARGs at different seasons. Results indicated that a variety of common ARGs and even high-risk ARGs (i.e., blaampC, blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1 and mcr-1) were prevalent from swine waste to farmland soil, with changing in various degrees from season to season. Regarding the occurrence pattern of ARGs, tetracycline resistance genes (tet-ARGs) were predominant genes at four seasons in all fresh pig feces, swine manure, manured soil and wastewater. The levels of most ARGs in solid waste were reduced at a different degree via natural composting, and the removal effect was best in summer, while ARGs decreased poorly after wastewater treatment, especially in winter (up to 10-1 copies/16S copies in the residual level), which increased the possibility of propagation to receiving environment. This concern was also validated by the investigation on farmland environment with long-term application of manure, where causing an increase in ARG abundances in soils (approximately 0.9-32.7 times). To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the distribution pattern of ARGs from swine waste to its receiving farmland environment at all seasons on this integrity chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjun Han
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Fengxia Yang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Xueli Tian
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Meirui Mu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
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