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Mat Udin AS, Uni S, Rodrigues J, Martin C, Junker K, Agatsuma T, Low VL, Saijuntha W, Omar H, Zainuri NA, Fukuda M, Matsubayashi M, Kimura D, Takaoka H, Ramli R. Redescription, molecular characterisation and Wolbachia endosymbionts of Mansonella ( Tupainema) dunni (Mullin & Orihel, 1972) (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) from the common treeshrew Tupaia glis Diard & Duvaucel (Mammalia: Scandentia) in Peninsular Malaysia. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2023; 5:100154. [PMID: 38193019 PMCID: PMC10772378 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The genus Mansonella Faust, 1929 includes 29 species, mainly parasites of platyrrhine monkeys in South America and anthropoid apes in Africa. In Malaysia, Mansonella (Tupainema) dunni (Mullin & Orihel, 1972) was described from the common treeshrew Tupaia glis Diard & Duvaucel (Scandentia). In a recent classification of the genus Mansonella, seven subgenera were proposed, with M. (Tup.) dunni as a monotypic species in the subgenus Tupainema. In this study, we collected new material of M. (Tup.) dunni from common treeshrews in Peninsular Malaysia and redescribed the morphological features of this species. We found that M. (Tup.) dunni differs from M. (Cutifilaria) perforata Uni et al., 2004 from sika deer Cervus nippon (Cetartiodactyla) in Japan, with regards to morphological features and predilection sites in their respective hosts. Based on multi-locus sequence analyses, we examined the molecular phylogeny of M. (Tup.) dunni and its Wolbachia genotype. Species of the genus Mansonella grouped monophyletically in clade ONC5 and M. (Tup.) dunni was placed in the most derived position within this genus. Mansonella (Tup.) dunni was closely related to M. (M.) ozzardi (Manson, 1897) from humans in Central and South America, and most distant from M. (C.) perforata. The calculated p-distances between the cox1 gene sequences for M. (Tup.) dunni and its congeners were 13.09% for M. (M.) ozzardi and 15.6-16.15% for M. (C.) perforata. The molecular phylogeny of Mansonella spp. thus corroborates their morphological differences. We determined that M. (Tup.) dunni harbours Wolbachia endosymbionts of the supergroup F genotype, in keeping with all other Mansonella species screened to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Syihan Mat Udin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Development, Social and Environment (SEEDS), Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shigehiko Uni
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare Studies, Kobe Women’s University, Kobe, 650-0046, Japan
| | - Jules Rodrigues
- UMR7245, MCAM, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Coralie Martin
- UMR7245, MCAM, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Kerstin Junker
- National Collection of Animal Helminths, Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors Programme, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Takeshi Agatsuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Van Lun Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Weerachai Saijuntha
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44000, Thailand
| | - Hasmahzaiti Omar
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Museum of Zoology (Block J14), Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Afiqah Zainuri
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Masako Fukuda
- Institute for Research Management, Oita University, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsubayashi
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kimura
- Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare Studies, Kobe Women’s University, Kobe, 650-0046, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takaoka
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rosli Ramli
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Saengsawang P, Desquesnes M, Yangtara S, Chalermwong P, Thongtip N, Jittapalapong S, Inpankaew T. Molecular detection of Loxodontofilaria spp. in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) from elephant training camps in Thailand. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 92:101910. [PMID: 36427455 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Filarial infection is an important disease in human and animal medicine. Several filarial worms are of importance, especially nematodes in the Onchocercidae. The Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) is an endangered animal and is very important from several socio-economic and ecological aspects in Thailand. Various parasites can be found in elephants; however, data related to filarial infections in elephants is limited. The objective of this study was to detect filaria in the blood of Asian elephants in Thailand, based on a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Blood samples were collected from 208 Asian elephants and detected for filaria using PCR, targeting the region of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), and the RNA polymerase II large subunit (rbp1). In total, 4.33% (9 out of 208) of the sampled elephants had Loxodontofilaria spp. DNA with 100% query coverage. In addition, the obtained cox1 and rbp1 sequences matched with Loxodontofilaria sp., Onchocerca sp., and Dirofilaria sp. There were no identified risk factors (sex, age, location, and packed cell volume) related to Loxodontofilaria infection in elephants. The analyses of the phylogeny of ITS2 sequences demonstrated that the Loxodotofilaria-positive sequences were closely related to Onchocerca dewittei japonica and Onchocerca dewittei dewittei with 100% query coverage. Notably, the concatenated phylogenetic trees of ITS2 and the cox1 and rbp1 genes were closely similar to Loxodontofilaria sp. To describe in detail the genomic DNA of Loxodontofilaria spp., other genes should be additionally studied using a more discriminatory technique, such as DNA barcoding or whole genome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phirabhat Saengsawang
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand; One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Marc Desquesnes
- InterTryp, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Sarawut Yangtara
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | | | - Nikorn Thongtip
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | | | - Tawin Inpankaew
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
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Okazaki D, Fukuda M, Hebisawa A, Uni S, Junker K, Suzuki Y, Nakano M, Agatsuma T, Hasegawa H, Yamada M, Nakatani J, Hara T, Martin C, Kimura D, Takaoka H. Zoonotic infection caused by Onchocerca japonica (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in a 69-year-old woman in Kanto Region, Eastern Honshu, Japan. Parasitol Int 2022; 91:102643. [PMID: 35961578 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reports of zoonotic infections caused by the filarial nematode Onchocerca japonica have recently increased in Japan. A 69-year-old woman living in Sosa City, Chiba Prefecture, Kanto Region, Honshu, developed a painful nodule at the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger of her right hand. The causative agent was identified as a female O. japonica based on the histopathological characteristics (i.e., cuticle with transverse triangular ridges but without inner striae) of the biopsy specimens of the nodule. The species identification was corroborated by cox1 gene sequencing of the worm tissues isolated from paraffin-embedded sections of the specimens. Subsequent to the excision of the nodule, followed by anthelmintic treatment, the patient remained asymptomatic. Human infection with O. japonica has not previously been reported in Kanto Region, Eastern Honshu. The present case is likely linked to the recent expansion of the geographic range of the Japanese wild boar into this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijiro Okazaki
- Department of Dermatology, Asahi General Hospital, Chiba 289-2511, Japan
| | - Masako Fukuda
- Institute for Research Management, Oita University, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Akira Hebisawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Asahi General Hospital, Chiba 289-2511, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Uni
- Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare Studies, Kobe Women's University, Kobe 650-0046, Japan.
| | - Kerstin Junker
- National Collection of Animal Helminths, Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors Programme, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05 Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Yoshio Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Asahi General Hospital, Chiba 289-2511, Japan
| | - Michiyo Nakano
- Department of Dermatology, Asahi General Hospital, Chiba 289-2511, Japan
| | - Takeshi Agatsuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan
| | - Hideo Hasegawa
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Minoru Yamada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Jun Nakatani
- Agriculture Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Tatsuru Hara
- Department of Parasitology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Coralie Martin
- UMR7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Daisuke Kimura
- Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare Studies, Kobe Women's University, Kobe 650-0046, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takaoka
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Uni S, Mat Udin AS, Tan PE, Rodrigues J, Martin C, Junker K, Agatsuma T, Low VL, Lim YAL, Saijuntha W, Omar H, Zainuri NA, Fukuda M, Kimura D, Matsubayashi M, Uga S, Takaoka H, Azirun MS, Ramli R. Description and molecular characterisation of Pelecitus copsychi Uni, Mat Udin & Martin n. sp. (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) from the white-rumped shama Copsychus malabaricus (Scopoli) (Passeriformes: Muscicapidae) of Pahang, Malaysia. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2022; 2:100078. [PMID: 36589876 PMCID: PMC9795348 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2022.100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Species of the genus Pelecitus Railliet & Henry, 1910 the most widely distributed avian filariae in Africa and South America. Zoonotic cases in humans were reported in South America. While investigating the filarial fauna of wild animals in Malaysia, we discovered an undescribed filaria from the swollen footpad of the left leg of Copsychus malabaricus (Scopoli) in Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. Adults of both sexes have a corkscrew-shaped body. Based on comparison of their morphological characteristics (i.e. pre-oesophageal cuticular ring distinct, oesophagus divided, vulva protuberant and situated at the level of anterior half of oesophagus, spicules strongly sclerotized and left spicule with broad blade) with other Pelecitus species, they are here described as Pelecitus copsychi Uni, Mat Udin & Martin n. sp. Multi-locus sequence analyses based on seven genes (12S rDNA, cox1, 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, MyoHC, rbp1 and hsp70) were performed to determine the phylogenetic position of the new species. The calculated p-distance between the cox1 gene sequences for P. copsychi n. sp. and Pelecitus fulicaeatrae (Diesing, 1861) was 14.1%. Intraspecific genetic variation between two individuals of the new species was 0.4%. In both the Bayesian inference and maximum-likelihood trees, P. copsychi n. sp. was positioned in the second clade of ONC5, containing three genera of the subfamily Dirofilariinae (Foleyella Seurat, 1917, Pelecitus and Loa Stiles, 1905). Immunostaining and molecular analyses remained negative for the presence of Wolbachia endosymbionts. Our findings corroborate the division of the subfamily Dirofilariinae into ONC3 with Dirofilaria Railliet & Henry, 1911 and ONC5 with Pelecitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiko Uni
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Nursing, Kobe Women's University, Kobe 650-0046, Japan
| | - Ahmad Syihan Mat Udin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Poai Ean Tan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Department of Wildlife and National Parks, 56100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jules Rodrigues
- UMR7245 MCAM, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Coralie Martin
- UMR7245 MCAM, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Kerstin Junker
- National Collection of Animal Helminths, Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors Programme, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05 Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Takeshi Agatsuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan
| | - Van Lun Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yvonne Ai-Lian Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Weerachai Saijuntha
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Hasmahzaiti Omar
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Nur Afiquah Zainuri
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Masako Fukuda
- Institute for Research Management, Oita University, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kimura
- Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, Kobe 650-0046, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsubayashi
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 596-8531, Japan
| | - Shoji Uga
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Nursing, Kobe Women's University, Kobe 650-0046, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takaoka
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Sofian Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Rosli Ramli
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Kulpa M, Nelson KJ, Morales AM, Ryan BM, Koschik ML, Scott JJ, Verocai GG. Presence of a cryptic Onchocerca species in black flies of northern California, USA. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:478. [PMID: 34526130 PMCID: PMC8444403 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04990-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) serve as arthropod vectors for various species of Onchocerca (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) that may be associated with disease in humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. The emergence of zoonotic Onchocerca lupi in North America and reports of cervid-associated zoonotic onchocerciasis by Onchocerca jakutensis highlight the need for increased entomological surveillance. In addition, there is mounting evidence that Onchocerca diversity in North America is far greater than previously thought, currently regarded as Onchocerca cervipedis species complex. This study reports new geographic records and black fly vector associations of an uncharacterized Onchocerca species. Methods To better understand the biodiversity and geographic distribution of Onchocerca, 485 female black flies (2015: 150, 2016: 335) were collected using CO2-baited traps from February to October 2015–2016 in Lake County, northern California, USA. Individual flies were morphologically identified and pooled (≤ 10 individuals) by species, collection date, and trap location. Black fly pools were processed for DNA extraction, and subsequent PCR and sequencing targeting of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 gene of filarioids. Results Among the pools of black flies, there were 158 individuals of Simulium tescorum (2015: 57, 2016: 101), 302 individuals of Simulium vittatum (sensu lato [s.l.]) (2015: 82, 2016: 220), 16 individuals of Simulium clarum “black” phenotype (2015: 5, 2016: 11), and 13 individuals of S. clarum “orange” phenotype (2015: 6, 2016: 7). PCR analysis revealed the percentage of filarioid-positive pools were 7.50% (n = 3) for S. tescorum, 3.75% (n = 3) for S. vittatum (s.l., likely S. tribulatum), 7.69% (n = 1) for S. clarum “black” phenotype, and no positives for S. clarum “orange” phenotype. Genetic distance and phylogenetic analyses suggest that the northern California Onchocerca isolates belong to the same species reported in black flies from southern California (average pairwise comparison: 0.32%), and seem closely related to Onchocerca isolates of white-tailed deer from upstate New York (average pairwise comparison: 2.31%). Conclusion A cryptic Onchocerca species was found in Lake County, California, and may be a part of a larger, continentally distributed species complex rather than a single described species of North America. In addition, there are at least three putative vectors of black flies (S. clarum, S. tescorum, S. vittatum) associated with this cryptic Onchocerca species. A comprehensive reassessment of North American Onchocerca biodiversity, host, and geographic range is necessary. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Kulpa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Kimberly J Nelson
- San Gabriel Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District, West Covina, CA, USA
| | - Alana M Morales
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Bonnie M Ryan
- Lake County Vector Control District, 410 Esplanade St., Lakeport, CA, 95453, USA
| | - Michelle L Koschik
- Lake County Vector Control District, 410 Esplanade St., Lakeport, CA, 95453, USA
| | - Jamesina J Scott
- Lake County Vector Control District, 410 Esplanade St., Lakeport, CA, 95453, USA
| | - Guilherme G Verocai
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Manoj RRS, Latrofa MS, Epis S, Otranto D. Wolbachia: endosymbiont of onchocercid nematodes and their vectors. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:245. [PMID: 33962669 PMCID: PMC8105934 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04742-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wolbachia is an obligate intracellular maternally transmitted, gram-negative bacterium which forms a spectrum of endosymbiotic relationships from parasitism to obligatory mutualism in a wide range of arthropods and onchocercid nematodes, respectively. In arthropods Wolbachia produces reproductive manipulations such as male killing, feminization, parthenogenesis and cytoplasmic incompatibility for its propagation and provides an additional fitness benefit for the host to protect against pathogens, whilst in onchocercid nematodes, apart from the mutual metabolic dependence, this bacterium is involved in moulting, embryogenesis, growth and survival of the host. Methods This review details the molecular data of Wolbachia and its effect on host biology, immunity, ecology and evolution, reproduction, endosymbiont-based treatment and control strategies exploited for filariasis. Relevant peer-reviewed scientic papers available in various authenticated scientific data bases were considered while writing the review. Conclusions The information presented provides an overview on Wolbachia biology and its use in the control and/or treatment of vectors, onchocercid nematodes and viral diseases of medical and veterinary importance. This offers the development of new approaches for the control of a variety of vector-borne diseases. Graphic Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Epis
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric CRC 'Romeo Ed Enrica Invernizzi', University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy. .,Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
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Uni S, Fukuda M, Uga S, Agatsuma T, Nakatani J, Suzuki K, Yokohata Y, Kimura D, Takaoka H. Prevalence of Onchocerca japonica and O. takaokai infections in the Japanese wild boar, Sus scrofa leucomystax, and the Ryukyu wild boar, S. s. riukiuanus, in Japan. Parasitol Int 2021; 83:102313. [PMID: 33662527 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reports of zoonotic infections with Onchocerca japonica (Nematoda: Filarioidea), which parasitizes the Japanese wild boar, Sus scrofa leucomystax, have recently increased in Japan. To predict the occurrence of infection in humans, it is necessary to determine the prevalence of O. japonica infection in the natural host animals. We investigated the presence of adult worms in the footpads, and of microfilariae in skin snips, taken from the host animals, between 2000 and 2018. Onchocerca japonica was found in 165 of 223 (74%) Japanese wild boars in Honshu and Kyushu. Among the nine regions studied, the highest prevalence of O. japonica infection was found in Oita, Kyushu, where 47 of 52 (90.4%) animals were infected. The ears were the predilection sites for O. japonica microfilariae. Adult worms of O. japonica were found more frequently in the hindlimbs than in the forelimbs of the host animals. Onchocerca takaokai was found in 14 of 52 (26.9%) Japanese wild boars in Oita. In Kakeroma Island among the Nansei Islands, both O. japonica and O. takaokai were isolated from the Ryukyu wild boar, S. s. riukiuanus. These observations could help predict future occurrences of human zoonotic onchocercosis in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiko Uni
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Nursing, Kobe Women's University, Kobe 650-0046, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Masako Fukuda
- Institute for Research Promotion, Oita University, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Shoji Uga
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Nursing, Kobe Women's University, Kobe 650-0046, Japan
| | - Takeshi Agatsuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan
| | - Jun Nakatani
- Agriculture Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Kazuo Suzuki
- Hikiiwa Park Center, Tanabe, Wakayama 646-0051, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yokohata
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kimura
- Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, Kobe 650-0046, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takaoka
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Isolation and Propagation of Laboratory Strains and a Novel Flea-Derived Field Strain of Wolbachia in Tick Cell Lines. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8070988. [PMID: 32630209 PMCID: PMC7409115 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8070988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolbachia are intracellular endosymbionts of several invertebrate taxa, including insects and nematodes. Although Wolbachia DNA has been detected in ticks, its presence is generally associated with parasitism by insects. To determine whether or not Wolbachia can infect and grow in tick cells, cell lines from three tick species, Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes ricinus and Rhipicephalus microplus, were inoculated with Wolbachia strains wStri and wAlbB isolated from mosquito cell lines. Homogenates prepared from fleas collected from cats in Malaysia were inoculated into an I. scapularis cell line. Bacterial growth and identity were monitored by microscopy and PCR amplification and sequencing of fragments of Wolbachia genes. The wStri strain infected Ixodes spp. cells and was maintained through 29 passages. The wAlbB strain successfully infected Ixodes spp. and R. microplus cells and was maintained through 2–5 passages. A novel strain of Wolbachia belonging to the supergroup F, designated wCfeF, was isolated in I. scapularis cells from a pool of Ctenocephalides sp. cat fleas and maintained in vitro through two passages over nine months. This is the first confirmed isolation of a Wolbachia strain from a flea and the first isolation of any Wolbachia strain outside the “pandemic” A and B supergroups. The study demonstrates that tick cells can host multiple Wolbachia strains, and can be added to panels of insect cell lines to improve success rates in isolation of field strains of Wolbachia.
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Aupalee K, Saeung A, Srisuka W, Fukuda M, Streit A, Takaoka H. Seasonal Filarial Infections and Their Black Fly Vectors in Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060512. [PMID: 32630410 PMCID: PMC7350311 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmission of zoonotic filarial parasites by black flies has so far been reported in the Chiang Mai and Tak provinces, Thailand, and the bites of these infected black flies can cause a rare disease—human zoonotic onchocerciasis. However, species identification of the filarial parasites and their black fly vectors in the Chiang Mai province were previously only based on a morphotaxonomic analysis. In this study, a combined approach of morphotaxonomic and molecular analyses (mitochondrial cox1, 12S rRNA, and nuclear 18S rRNA (SSU HVR-I) genes) was used to clarify the natural filarial infections in female black flies collected by using human and swine baits from two study areas (Ban Lek and Ban Pang Dang) in the Chiang Mai province from March 2018 to January 2019. A total of 805 and 4597 adult females, belonging to seven and nine black fly taxa, were collected from Ban Lek and Ban Pang Dang, respectively. At Ban Lek, four of the 309 adult females of Simulium nigrogilvum were positive for Onchocerca species type I in the hot and rainy seasons. At Ban Pang Dang, five unknown filarial larvae (belonging to the same new species) were detected in Simulium sp. in the S. varicorne species-group and in three species in the S. asakoae species-group in all seasons, and three non-filarial larvae of three different taxa were also found in three females of the S. asakoae species-group. This study is the first to molecularly identify new filarial species and their vector black fly species in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittipat Aupalee
- Graduate Doctoral Degree Program in Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Atiporn Saeung
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-53-945342
| | - Wichai Srisuka
- Entomology Section, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P.O. Box 7, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand;
| | - Masako Fukuda
- Institute for Research Promotion, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama, Yufu City, Oita 879-5593, Japan;
| | - Adrian Streit
- Department of Integrative Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, 72076 Baden-Württemberg, Germany;
| | - Hiroyuki Takaoka
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
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