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Mastrantonio V, Libro P, Di Martino J, Matera M, Bellini R, Castrignanò T, Urbanelli S, Porretta D. Integrated de novo transcriptome of Culex pipiens mosquito larvae as a resource for genetic control strategies. Sci Data 2024; 11:471. [PMID: 38724521 PMCID: PMC11082219 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a de novo transcriptome of the mosquito vector Culex pipiens, assembled by sequences of susceptible and insecticide resistant larvae. The high quality of the assembly was confirmed by TransRate and BUSCO. A mapping percentage until 94.8% was obtained by aligning contigs to Nr, SwissProt, and TrEMBL, with 27,281 sequences that simultaneously mapped on the three databases. A total of 14,966 ORFs were also functionally annotated by using the eggNOG database. Among them, we identified ORF sequences of the main gene families involved in insecticide resistance. Therefore, this resource stands as a valuable reference for further studies of differential gene expression as well as to identify genes of interest for genetic-based control tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pietro Libro
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Jessica Di Martino
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Michele Matera
- Envu, 2022 ES Deutschland GmbH, Germany, Monheim, Germany
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Romeo Bellini
- Centro Agricoltura Ambiente "G. Nicoli", Via Sant'Agata 835, 40014, Crevalcore, Italy
| | - Tiziana Castrignanò
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Sandra Urbanelli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Porretta
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Brustolin M, Bartholomeeusen K, Rezende T, Ariën KK, Müller R. Mayaro virus, a potential threat for Europe: vector competence of autochthonous vector species. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:200. [PMID: 38704595 PMCID: PMC11071154 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging alphavirus, primarily transmitted by the mosquito Haemagogus janthinomys in Central and South America. However, recent studies have shown that Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and various Anopheles mosquitoes can also transmit the virus under laboratory conditions. MAYV causes sporadic outbreaks across the South American region, particularly in areas near forests. Recently, cases have been reported in European and North American travelers returning from endemic areas, raising concerns about potential introductions into new regions. This study aims to assess the vector competence of three potential vectors for MAYV present in Europe. METHODS Aedes albopictus from Italy, Anopheles atroparvus from Spain and Culex pipiens biotype molestus from Belgium were exposed to MAYV and maintained under controlled environmental conditions. Saliva was collected through a salivation assay at 7 and 14 days post-infection (dpi), followed by vector dissection. Viral titers were determined using focus forming assays, and infection rates, dissemination rates, and transmission efficiency were calculated. RESULTS Results indicate that Ae. albopictus and An. atroparvus from Italy and Spain, respectively, are competent vectors for MAYV, with transmission possible starting from 7 dpi under laboratory conditions. In contrast, Cx. pipiens bioform molestus was unable to support MAYV infection, indicating its inability to contribute to the transmission cycle. CONCLUSIONS In the event of accidental MAYV introduction in European territories, autochthonous outbreaks could potentially be sustained by two European species: Ae. albopictus and An. atroparvus. Entomological surveillance should also consider certain Anopheles species when monitoring MAYV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Brustolin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Entomology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Koen Bartholomeeusen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tatiana Rezende
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kevin K Ariën
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ruth Müller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Entomology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Leyva B, Brustolin M, Müller R, Yon F. Unveil the sugar diet and associated environmental compounds in the crop of the mosquito Culex pipiens. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26565. [PMID: 38439850 PMCID: PMC10909667 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Culex pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758) mosquitoes search plant sources of sugars to cope with the energetic demand of various physiological processes. The crop as part of the digestive system is devoted to the storage of sugar-based meal obtained from various nectars sources. The profiling of sugars and metabolites in the Culex pipiens' crop is scarce, and only few studies used Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), which provides broad detection for biomonitoring environmental substances and even contaminants in the sugar diet of mosquitoes populations. Therefore, sugar and metabolite profiling were performed on crops obtained from mosquitoes exposed to plant nectar under laboratory or natural conditions by Ultra High-Performance LC-MS (UHPLC-MS). This method allowed us a precise quantitative and qualitative identification of sugar diet and associated environmental compounds in the crop of the mosquito C. pipiens. Under laboratory condition, mosquitoes were allowed to feed on either glucose solution, commercially-available flowers or field collected flowers. In addition, we collected mosquitoes from the field to compare those crop metabolomes with metabolome patterns occurring after nectar feeding in the lab. The sugar quantities and quality obtained from the crops of mosquitoes collected in the field were similar to those crops obtained from mosquitoes that fed on commercially-available flowers and from field collected flowers with a limit of detection of 10 μg/L for sucrose, glucose and sucrose. Next to sugar compounds, we identified 2 types of amino acids, 12 natural products, and 9 pesticides. Next to the diversity of sugar compounds, we could confirm that secondary metabolites and environmental pollutants are typically up taken from floral nectar sources by C. pipiens. The in-depth knowledge on mosquito-plant interactions may inspire the development and further optimization of mosquito trap systems and arboviral surveillance systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balvina Leyva
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander Von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Marco Brustolin
- Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ruth Müller
- Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Unit Environmental Toxicology & Medical Entomology, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Felipe Yon
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander Von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Stewart ATM, Mysore K, Njoroge TM, Winter N, Feng RS, Singh S, James LD, Singkhaimuk P, Sun L, Mohammed A, Oxley JD, Duckham C, Ponlawat A, Severson DW, Duman-Scheel M. Demonstration of RNAi Yeast Insecticide Activity in Semi-Field Larvicide and Attractive Targeted Sugar Bait Trials Conducted on Aedes and Culex Mosquitoes. INSECTS 2023; 14:950. [PMID: 38132622 PMCID: PMC10743515 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Eco-friendly new mosquito control innovations are critical for the ongoing success of global mosquito control programs. In this study, Sh.463_56.10R, a robust RNA interference (RNAi) yeast insecticide strain that is suitable for scaled fermentation, was evaluated under semi-field conditions. Inactivated and dried Sh.463_56.10R yeast induced significant mortality of field strain Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae in semi-field larvicide trials conducted outdoors in St. Augustine, Trinidad, where 100% of the larvae were dead within 24 h. The yeast was also stably suspended in commercial bait and deployed as an active ingredient in miniature attractive targeted sugar bait (ATSB) station sachets. The yeast ATSB induced high levels of Aedes and Culex mosquito morbidity in semi-field trials conducted in Trinidad, West Indies, as well as in Bangkok, Thailand, in which the consumption of the yeast resulted in adult female mosquito death within 48 h, faster than what was observed in laboratory trials. These findings support the pursuit of large-scale field trials to further evaluate the Sh.463_56.10R insecticide, a member of a promising new class of species-specific RNAi insecticides that could help combat insecticide resistance and support effective mosquito control programs worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akilah T. M. Stewart
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (A.T.M.S.); (K.M.); (T.M.N.); (L.S.); (D.W.S.)
- Eck Institute for Global Health, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Keshava Mysore
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (A.T.M.S.); (K.M.); (T.M.N.); (L.S.); (D.W.S.)
- Eck Institute for Global Health, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Teresia M. Njoroge
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (A.T.M.S.); (K.M.); (T.M.N.); (L.S.); (D.W.S.)
- Eck Institute for Global Health, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Nikhella Winter
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago; (N.W.); (R.S.F.); (S.S.); (L.D.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Rachel Shui Feng
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago; (N.W.); (R.S.F.); (S.S.); (L.D.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Satish Singh
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago; (N.W.); (R.S.F.); (S.S.); (L.D.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Lester D. James
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago; (N.W.); (R.S.F.); (S.S.); (L.D.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Preeraya Singkhaimuk
- Department of Entomology, US Army Medical Directorate–Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (USAMD-AFRIMS), Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Longhua Sun
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (A.T.M.S.); (K.M.); (T.M.N.); (L.S.); (D.W.S.)
- Eck Institute for Global Health, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Azad Mohammed
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago; (N.W.); (R.S.F.); (S.S.); (L.D.J.); (A.M.)
| | - James D. Oxley
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA;
| | | | - Alongkot Ponlawat
- Department of Entomology, US Army Medical Directorate–Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (USAMD-AFRIMS), Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.S.); (A.P.)
| | - David W. Severson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (A.T.M.S.); (K.M.); (T.M.N.); (L.S.); (D.W.S.)
- Eck Institute for Global Health, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago; (N.W.); (R.S.F.); (S.S.); (L.D.J.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Molly Duman-Scheel
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (A.T.M.S.); (K.M.); (T.M.N.); (L.S.); (D.W.S.)
- Eck Institute for Global Health, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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Harikrishnan S, Sudarshan S, Sivasubramani K, Nandini MS, Narenkumar J, Ramachandran V, Almutairi BO, Arunkumar P, Rajasekar A, Jayalakshmi S. Larvicidal and anti-termite activities of microbial biosurfactant produced by Enterobacter cloacae SJ2 isolated from marine sponge Clathria sp. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15153. [PMID: 37704703 PMCID: PMC10499797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of synthetic pesticides has resulted in a number of issues, including a rise in insecticide-resistant organisms, environmental degradation, and a hazard to human health. As a result, new microbial derived insecticides that are safe for human health and the environment are urgently needed. In this study, rhamnolipid biosurfactants produced from Enterobacter cloacae SJ2 was used to evaluate the toxicity towards mosquito larvae (Culex quinquefasciatus) and termites (Odontotermes obesus). Results showed dose dependent mortality rate was observed between the treatments. The 48 h LC50 (median lethal concentration) values of the biosurfactant were determined for termite and mosquito larvae following the non-linear regression curve fit method. Results showed larvicidal activity and anti-termite activity of biosurfactants with 48 h LC50 value (95% confidence interval) of 26.49 mg/L (25.40 to 27.57) and 33.43 mg/L (31.09 to 35.68), respectively. According to a histopathological investigation, the biosurfactant treatment caused substantial tissue damage in cellular organelles of larvae and termites. The findings of this study suggest that the microbial biosurfactant produced by E. cloacae SJ2 is an excellent and potentially effective agent for controlling Cx. quinquefasciatus and O. obesus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekar Harikrishnan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, 608502, India.
| | - Shanmugam Sudarshan
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, TNJFU- Dr. M.G.R Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thalainayeru, Tamil Nadu, 614712, India
| | - Kandasamy Sivasubramani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M S Nandini
- Department of Microbiology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayaraman Narenkumar
- Department of Environmental & Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil Engineering (SCE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | - Vasudevan Ramachandran
- Department of Medical Sciences, University College of MAIWP International, Taman Batu Muda, 68100, Batu Caves, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paulraj Arunkumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Aruliah Rajasekar
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632115, India
| | - Singaram Jayalakshmi
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, 608502, India
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