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Faa G, Messana I, Coni P, Piras M, Pichiri G, Piludu M, Iavarone F, Desiderio C, Vento G, Tirone C, Manconi B, Olianas A, Contini C, Cabras T, Castagnola M. Thymosin β 4 and β 10 Expression in Human Organs during Development: A Review. Cells 2024; 13:1115. [PMID: 38994967 PMCID: PMC11240739 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the results of a series of studies performed by our group with the aim to define the expression levels of thymosin β4 and thymosin β10 over time, starting from fetal development to different ages after birth, in different human organs and tissues. The first section describes the proteomics investigations performed on whole saliva from preterm newborns and gingival crevicular fluid, which revealed to us the importance of these acidic peptides and their multiple functions. These findings inspired us to start an in-depth investigation mainly based on immunochemistry to establish the distribution of thymosin β4 and thymosin β10 in different organs from adults and fetuses at different ages (after autopsy), and therefore to obtain suggestions on the functions of β-thymosins in health and disease. The functions of β-thymosins emerging from these studies, for instance, those performed during carcinogenesis, add significant details that could help to resolve the nowadays so-called "β-thymosin enigma", i.e., the potential molecular role played by these two pleiotropic peptides during human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavino Faa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.F.); (P.C.); (M.P.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Roma, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Pierpaolo Coni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.F.); (P.C.); (M.P.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Monica Piras
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.F.); (P.C.); (M.P.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Giuseppina Pichiri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.F.); (P.C.); (M.P.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Marco Piludu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Roma, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Giovanni Vento
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.V.); (C.T.)
- Divisione di Neonatologia, Dipartimento per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Tirone
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.V.); (C.T.)
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Sezione Biomedica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (B.M.); (A.O.); (T.C.)
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Sezione Biomedica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (B.M.); (A.O.); (T.C.)
| | - Cristina Contini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.F.); (P.C.); (M.P.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Sezione Biomedica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (B.M.); (A.O.); (T.C.)
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Roma, Italy
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Kamounah S, Sembler-Møller ML, Nielsen CH, Pedersen AML. Sjögren's syndrome: novel insights from proteomics and miRNA expression analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183195. [PMID: 37275849 PMCID: PMC10232878 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, which affects the exocrine glands leading to glandular dysfunction and, particularly, symptoms of oral and ocular dryness. The aetiology of SS remains unclear, and the disease lacks distinctive clinical features. The current diagnostic work-up is complex, invasive and often time-consuming. Thus, there is an emerging need for identifying disease-specific and, ideally, non-invasive immunological and molecular biomarkers that can simplify the diagnostic process, allow stratification of patients, and assist in monitoring the disease course and outcome of therapeutic intervention in SS. Methods This systematic review addresses the use of proteomics and miRNA-expression profile analyses in this regard. Results and discussion Out of 272 papers that were identified and 108 reviewed, a total of 42 papers on proteomics and 23 papers on miRNA analyses in saliva, blood and salivary gland tissue were included in this review. Overall, the proteomic and miRNA studies revealed considerable variations with regard to candidate biomarker proteins and miRNAs, most likely due to variation in sample size, processing and analytical methods, but also reflecting the complexity of SS and patient heterogeneity. However, interesting novel knowledge has emerged and further validation is needed to confirm their potential role as biomarkers in SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kamounah
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology/Oral Medicine, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Lynn Sembler-Møller
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology/Oral Medicine, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology/Oral Medicine, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Lynge Pedersen
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology/Oral Medicine, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sarrand J, Baglione L, Parisis D, Soyfoo M. The Involvement of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis of Sjögren's Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105671. [PMID: 35628481 PMCID: PMC9145074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects exocrine glands, primarily the salivary and lachrymal glands. It is characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the glandular tissues, ultimately leading to their dysfunction and destruction. Besides classic dry eyes and dry mouth defined as sicca syndrome, patients affected by the disease also typically display symptoms such as fatigue, pain and in more than 50% of cases, systemic manifestations such as arthritis, interstitial lung involvement, neurological involvement and an increased risk of lymphoma. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SS still remain elusive. The crucial role of innate immunity has been advocated in recent years regarding the pathogenesis of pSS, especially in the initiation and progression toward autoimmunity. Alarmins are endogenous molecules that belong to the large family of damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP). Alarmins are rapidly released, ensuing cell injury and interacting with pattern recognition receptors (PRR) such as toll-like receptors (TLR) to recruit and activate cells of the innate immune system and to promote adaptive immunity responses. This review highlights the current knowledge of various alarmins and their role in the pathogenesis of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Sarrand
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (J.S.); (L.B.); (D.P.)
| | - Laurie Baglione
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (J.S.); (L.B.); (D.P.)
| | - Dorian Parisis
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (J.S.); (L.B.); (D.P.)
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Muhammad Soyfoo
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (J.S.); (L.B.); (D.P.)
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Franco-Martínez L, Tvarijonaviciute A, Horvatić A, Guillemin N, Bernal LJ, Barić Rafaj R, Cerón JJ, Thomas MDC, López MC, Tecles F, Martínez-Subiela S, Mrljak V. Changes in saliva of dogs with canine leishmaniosis: A proteomic approach. Vet Parasitol 2019; 272:44-52. [PMID: 31395204 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a quantitative proteomic approach to study changes in saliva proteins associated with canine leishmaniosis (CanL) was performed. For this, canine salivary proteins were analysed and compared between dogs before (T0) and after (T1) experimental infection with Leishmania infantum by high-throughput label-based quantitative LC-MS/MS proteomic approach and bioinformatic analysis of the in silico inferred interactome protein network was created from the initial list of differential proteins. More than 2000 proteins were identified, and of the 90 differentially expressed proteins between T0 and T1, 12 were down-regulated with log2 fold change lower than -0.5849, and 19 were up-regulated with log2 fold change greater than 0.5849. This study provides evidence of changes in salivary proteome that can occur in canine leishmaniosis and revealed biological pathways in saliva modulated in canine leishmaniosis with potential for further targeted research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Franco-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Anita Horvatić
- ERA Chair FP7, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nicolas Guillemin
- ERA Chair FP7, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luis Jesús Bernal
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Renata Barić Rafaj
- Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Thomas
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López Neyra", Molecular Biology Department. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel C López
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López Neyra", Molecular Biology Department. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| | - Vladimir Mrljak
- ERA Chair FP7, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Castagnola M, Scarano E, Passali GC, Messana I, Cabras T, Iavarone F, Di Cintio G, Fiorita A, De Corso E, Paludetti G. Salivary biomarkers and proteomics: future diagnostic and clinical utilities. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA 2018; 37:94-101. [PMID: 28516971 PMCID: PMC5463528 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Saliva testing is a non-invasive and inexpensive test that can serve as a source of information useful for diagnosis of disease. As we enter the era of genomic technologies and -omic research, collection of saliva has increased. Recent proteomic platforms have analysed the human salivary proteome and characterised about 3000 differentially expressed proteins and peptides: in saliva, more than 90% of proteins in weight are derived from the secretion of three couples of "major" glands; all the other components are derived from minor glands, gingival crevicular fluid, mucosal exudates and oral microflora. The most common aim of proteomic analysis is to discriminate between physiological and pathological conditions. A proteomic protocol to analyze the whole saliva proteome is not currently available. It is possible distinguish two type of proteomic platforms: top-down proteomics investigates intact naturally-occurring structure of a protein under examination; bottom-up proteomics analyses peptide fragments after pre-digestion (typically with trypsin). Because of this heterogeneity, many different biomarkers may be proposed for the same pathology. The salivary proteome has been characterised in several diseases: oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral leukoplakia, chronic graft-versus-host disease Sjögren's syndrome and other autoimmune disorders such as SAPHO, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and genetic diseases like Down's Syndrome and Wilson disease. The results of research reported herein suggest that in the near future human saliva will be a relevant diagnostic fluid for clinical diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Castagnola
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University, Rome, Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare C.N.R. Rome, Italy
| | - E Scarano
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - G C Passali
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - I Messana
- Life and Enviromental Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, and Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare C.N.R. Rome, Italy
| | - T Cabras
- Life and Enviromental Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - F Iavarone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - G Di Cintio
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - A Fiorita
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - E De Corso
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - G Paludetti
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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