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Zhou LX, Jiang YZ, Li XQ, Zhang JM, Li SP, Wei L, Zhang HM, Zhou GP, Chen XJ, Sun LY, Zhu ZJ. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells-induced exhaustion of CD8 + T-cell participates in rejection after liver transplantation. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:507. [PMID: 39013845 PMCID: PMC11252260 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) rejection remains the most pervasive problem associated with this procedure, while the mechanism involved is still complicated and undefined. One promising solution may involve the use of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). However, the immunological mechanisms underlying the effects of MDSC after LT remain unclear. This study is meant to clarify the role MDSCs play after liver transplantation. In this study, we collected liver tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from LT patients showing varying degrees of rejection, as well as liver and spleen tissue samples from mice LT models. These samples were then analyzed using flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and multiple immunofluorescence. M-MDSCs and CD8 + T-cells extracted from C57/BL6 mice were enriched and cocultured for in vitro experiments. Results, as obtained in both LT patients and LT mice model, revealed that the proportion and frequency of M-MDSC and PD-1 + T-cells increased significantly under conditions associated with a high degree of LT rejection. Within the LT rejection group, our immunofluorescence results showed that a close spatial contiguity was present between PD-1 + T-cells and M-MDSCs in these liver tissue samples and the proportion of CD84/PD-L1 double-positive M-MDSC was greater than that of G-MDSC. There was a positive correlation between the activity of CD84 and immunosuppressive function of M-MDSCs including PD-L1 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as demonstrated in our in vitro model. M-MDSCs treated with CD84 protein were able to induce co-cultured CD8 + T-cells to express high levels of exhaustion markers. We found that CD84 regulated M-MDSC function via expression of PD-L1 through activation of the Akt/Stat3 pathway. These results suggest that the capacity for CD84 to regulate M-MDSC induction of CD8 + T-cell exhaustion may play a key role in LT rejection. Such findings provide important, new insights into the mechanisms of tolerance induction in LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Xin Zhou
- Liver Transplantation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Liver Transplantation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
- Department of Critical Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Qiang Li
- Organ Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Ming Zhang
- Liver Transplantation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Peng Li
- Department of Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Liver Transplantation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Ming Zhang
- Liver Transplantation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Peng Zhou
- Liver Transplantation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- Liver Transplantation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
- Department of Critical Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhu
- Liver Transplantation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China.
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Nepal MR, Shah S, Kang KT. Dual roles of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in various diseases: a review. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:597-616. [PMID: 39008186 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells that originate from bone marrow stem cells. In pathological conditions, such as autoimmune disorders, allergies, infections, and cancer, normal myelopoiesis is altered to facilitate the formation of MDSCs. MDSCs were first shown to promote cancer initiation and progression by immunosuppression with the assistance of various chemokines and cytokines. Recently, various studies have demonstrated that MDSCs play two distinct roles depending on the physiological and pathological conditions. MDSCs have protective roles in autoimmune disorders (such as uveoretinitis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, type 1 diabetes, autoimmune hepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, alopecia areata, and systemic lupus erythematosus), allergies, and organ transplantation. However, they play negative roles in infections and various cancers. Several immunosuppressive functions and mechanisms of MDSCs have been determined in different disease conditions. This review comprehensively discusses the associations between MDSCs and various pathological conditions and briefly describes therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Raj Nepal
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sajita Shah
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kyu-Tae Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Feng X, Wang C, Ji B, Qiao J, Xu Y, Zhu S, Ji Z, Zhou B, Tong W, Xu W. CD_99 G1 neutrophils modulate osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in the pathological process of ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2024; 83:324-334. [PMID: 37977819 PMCID: PMC10894850 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify the types and heterogeneity of cells within the spinal enthesis and investigate the underlying mechanisms of osteogenesis. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to identify cell populations and their gene signatures in the spinal enthesis of five patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and three healthy individuals. The transcriptomes of 40 065 single cells were profiled and divided into 7 clusters: neutrophils, monocytic cells, granulomonocytic progenitor_erythroblasts, T cells, B cells, plasma cells and stromal cells. Real-time quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, osteogenesis induction, alizarin red staining, immunohistochemistry, short hairpin RNA and H&E staining were applied to validate the bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS Pseudo-time analysis showed two differentiation directions of stromal cells from the mesenchymal stem cell subpopulation MSC-C2 to two Cxcl12-abundant-reticular (CAR) cell subsets, Osteo-CAR and Adipo-CAR, within which three transcription factors, C-JUN, C-FOS and CAVIN1, were highly expressed in AS and regulated the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. A novel subcluster of early-stage neutrophils, CD99_G1, was elevated in AS. The proinflammatory characteristics of monocyte dendritic cell progenitor-recombinant adiponectin receptor 2 monocytic cells were explored. Interactions between Adipo-CAR cells, CD99_G1 neutrophils and other cell types were mapped by identifying ligand-receptor pairs, revealing the recruitment characteristics of CD99_G1 neutrophils by Adipo-CAR cells and the pathogenesis of osteogenesis induced in AS. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed the dynamics of cell subpopulations, gene expression and intercellular interactions during AS pathogenesis. These findings provide new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of osteogenesis and will benefit the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhe Feng
- Department of Joint Bone Disease Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Joint Bone Disease Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boyao Ji
- Department of Joint Bone Disease Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Qiao
- Department of Joint Bone Disease Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihong Xu
- Department of Joint Bone Disease Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanbang Zhu
- Department of Joint Bone Disease Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Ji
- Department of Joint Bone Disease Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bole Zhou
- Department of Joint Bone Disease Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Tong
- Department of Joint Bone Disease Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Joint Bone Disease Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Vegivinti CTR, Keesari PR, Veeraballi S, Martins Maia CMP, Mehta AK, Lavu RR, Thakur RK, Tella SH, Patel R, Kakumani VK, Pulakurthi YS, Aluri S, Aggarwal RK, Ramachandra N, Zhao R, Sahu S, Shastri A, Verma A. Role of innate immunological/inflammatory pathways in myelodysplastic syndromes and AML: a narrative review. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:60. [PMID: 37422676 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the innate immune system and inflammatory-related pathways has been implicated in hematopoietic defects in the bone marrow microenvironment and associated with aging, clonal hematopoiesis, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). As the innate immune system and its pathway regulators have been implicated in the pathogenesis of MDS/AML, novel approaches targeting these pathways have shown promising results. Variability in expression of Toll like receptors (TLRs), abnormal levels of MyD88 and subsequent activation of NF-κβ, dysregulated IL1-receptor associated kinases (IRAK), alterations in TGF-β and SMAD signaling, high levels of S100A8/A9 have all been implicated in pathogenesis of MDS/AML. In this review we not only discuss the interplay of various innate immune pathways in MDS pathogenesis but also focus on potential therapeutic targets from recent clinical trials including the use of monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors against these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charan Thej Reddy Vegivinti
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US
| | | | | | | | - Ansh Krishnachandra Mehta
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Jacobi Medical Center/ Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US
| | - Rohit Reddy Lavu
- Department of Oncology, Yashoda hospitals, Hyderabad, 500036, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Thakur
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US
| | - Sri Harsha Tella
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, US
| | - Riya Patel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Buffalo - Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, US
| | | | | | - Srinivas Aluri
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US
| | | | - Nandini Ramachandra
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US
| | - Rongbao Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US
| | - Srabani Sahu
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US
| | - Aditi Shastri
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US
- Department of Oncology, Blood Cancer Institute, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US
| | - Amit Verma
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US.
- Department of Oncology, Blood Cancer Institute, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US.
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Ren Y, Bäcker H, Müller M, Kienzle A. The role of myeloid derived suppressor cells in musculoskeletal disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139683. [PMID: 36936946 PMCID: PMC10020351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is closely linked to bone homeostasis and plays a pivotal role in several pathological and inflammatory conditions. Through various pathways it modulates various bone cells and subsequently sustains the physiological bone metabolism. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of heterogeneous immature myeloid-derived cells that can exert an immunosuppressive function through a direct cell-to-cell contact, secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines or specific exosomes. These cells mediate the innate immune response to chronic stress on the skeletal system. In chronic inflammation, MDSCs act as an inner offset to rebalance overactivation of the immune system. Moreover, they have been found to be involved in processes responsible for bone remodeling in different musculoskeletal disorders, autoimmune diseases, infection, and cancer. These cells can not only cause bone erosion by differentiating into osteoclasts, but also alleviate the immune reaction, subsequently leading to long-lastingly impacted bone remodeling. In this review, we discuss the impact of MDSCs on the bone metabolism under several pathological conditions, the involved modulatory pathways as well as potential therapeutic targets in MDSCs to improve bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Clinic for Orthopedics, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Bäcker
- Department of Orthopedics, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael Müller
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Clinic for Orthopedics, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Kienzle
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Clinic for Orthopedics, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Arne Kienzle,
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6
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Xu L, Zhou C, Liang Y, Fan T, Zhang F, Chen X, Yuan W. Epigenetic modifications in the accumulation and function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1016870. [PMID: 36439186 PMCID: PMC9691837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are key players under various pathologic conditions, such as cancer. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, RNA-mediated processes, and histone modification can alter gene transcription, and thus regulating pathological process. Studies have shown that epigenetic modification contributes to the accumulation and function of MDSCs. This review summarizes the crosstalk between the epigenetic alterations and MDSCs functions, and briefly introduces how the accumulation and function of MDSCs caused by epigenetic modification impact on the disease development, which represents as a promising therapeutic strategy for the related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Shan E, Hao Y, Wang H, Zhang Z, Hu J, Wang G, Liu W, Yan B, Hiroaki H, Yang J. Differentiated embryonic chondrocyte expressed gene-1 (DEC1) enhances the development of colorectal cancer with an involvement of the STAT3 signaling. Neoplasia 2022; 27:100783. [PMID: 35334277 PMCID: PMC8956864 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second deadly and the third most common malignancy worldwide. It has been projected that annual new cases of CRC will increase by 63% in 2040, constituting an even greater health challenge for decades to come. This study has linked DEC1 (differentiated embryonic chondrocyte expressed gene 1) to the pathogenesis of CRC. Based on the analysis of patient samples and database data, DEC1 is expressed much higher in CRC than the adjacent normal tissues. CRC patients with higher DEC1 expression have a shorter survival time. The carcinogenesis protocol with azoxymethane/dextran sulfate induces a higher number of tumors with larger sizes in DEC1+/+ than DEC1−/− mice. Overexpression of DEC1 increases the expression of proliferation- and antiapoptosis-related genes, but decreases the level of proapoptotic genes. Mechanistically, this study has shown that DEC1 is functionally looped to the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway (interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3). IL-6 induces DEC1, and DEC1 enhances the phosphorylation of STAT3, resulting in increased pSTAT3/STAT3 ratio. DEC1 and STAT3 are present in reciprocal immunocomplexes, pointing to physical interactions (presumably with pSTAT3). These findings establish that DEC1 is a CRC enhancer. The enhancement is achieved largely through the IL-6/STAT3 pathway. The potential of the physical interaction between DEC1 and STAT3 will likely serve as a foundation to develop intervention strategies for CRC prevention and therapy.
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The downregulation of type I IFN signaling in G-MDSCs under tumor conditions promotes their development towards an immunosuppressive phenotype. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:36. [PMID: 35013108 PMCID: PMC8748997 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04487-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumors modify myeloid cell differentiation and induce an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs), the main subgroup of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), are immature myeloid cells (IMCs) with immunosuppressive activity and exist in tumor-bearing hosts. The reason why these cells diverge from a normal differentiation pathway and are shaped into immunosuppressive cells remains unclear. Here, we reported that the increase of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in mouse serum with tumor progression encouraged G-MDSCs to obtain immunosuppressive traits in peripheral blood through the PI3K-Akt/mTOR pathway. Importantly, we found that downregulation of type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling in G-MDSCs was a prerequisite for their immunosuppressive effects. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS1), the action of which is dependent on IFN-I signaling, inhibited the activation of the PI3K-Akt/mTOR pathway by directly interacting with Akt, indicating that the differentiation of immunosuppressive G-MDSCs involves a transition from immune activation to immune tolerance. Our study suggests that increasing IFN-I signaling in G-MDSCs may be a strategy for reprograming immunosuppressive myelopoiesis and slowing tumor progression.
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Zhang D, Li B, Guo R, Wu J, Yang C, Jiang X, Zhang C, Yan H, Zhao Q, Wang Z, Wang Q, Huang R, Zhang Z, Hu X, Gao L. RAB5C, SYNJ1, and RNF19B promote male ankylosing spondylitis by regulating immune cell infiltration. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1011. [PMID: 34277811 PMCID: PMC8267299 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to identify the key genes related to male ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to analyze the role of immune cell infiltration in the pathological process of this disease. Methods The AS dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public database, and the data of male healthy controls (M_HC) and male AS patients (M_AS) were extracted. R software was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional and pathway enrichment analysis of the DEGs was performed. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and the hub genes were screened out. All expression profile data were analyzed by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) to screen out the hub genes, which were then intersected with the hub genes from the PPI network to obtain the key genes. Finally, the difference in immune cell infiltration in the two sets of samples was evaluated with CIBERSORT, and the correlation between the key genes and infiltrating immune cells was analyzed. Results A total of 689 DEGs were obtained, of which 395 genes were up-regulated and 294 genes were down-regulated. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways related to immune response. Based on the PPI analysis, five clusters with high scores were selected. Through WGCNA, 14 gene modules were obtained. The green module with the highest correlation was selected and intersected with the cluster previously obtained to obtain three key genes, RAB5C, SYNJ1, and RNF19B. Immune infiltration analysis found that monocytes and gamma delta T cells may be involved in the process of AS. Also, RAB5C, SYNJ1, and RNF19B are all related to increased levels of monocytes and macrophages. Conclusions RAB5C, SYNJ1, and RNF19B are key DEGs expressed in M_AS and may play a role in the disease’s occurrence and development through regulating immune cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jionglin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canchun Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haolin Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiancheng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renyuan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhilei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xumin Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangbin Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Song G, Zhang Y, Tian J, Ma J, Yin K, Xu H, Wang S. TRAF6 Regulates the Immunosuppressive Effects of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Tumor-Bearing Host. Front Immunol 2021; 12:649020. [PMID: 33717204 PMCID: PMC7946975 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.649020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature heterogeneous cells derived from the bone marrow and they are the major component of the tumor-induced immunosuppressive environment. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, catalyzes the polyubiquitination of target proteins. TRAF6 plays a critical role in modulating the immune system. However, whether TRAF6 is involved in the regulation of MDSCs has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. In this study, we found that the expression of TRAF6 in MDSCs derived from tumor tissue was significantly upregulated compared with that of MDSCs from spleen of tumor-bearing mice. Knockdown of TRAF6 remarkably attenuated the immunosuppressive effects of MDSCs. Mechanistically, TRAF6 might improve the immunosuppression of MDSCs by mediating K63-linked polyubiquitination and phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Additionally, it was discovered that the accumulation of MDSCs was abnormal in peripheral blood of lung cancer patients. TRAF6 and arginase 1 were highly expressed in MDSCs of patients with lung cancer. Taken together, our study demonstrated that TRAF6 participates in promoting the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs and provided a potential target for antitumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kai Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, China
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11
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Zheng ZM, Yang HL, Lai ZZ, Wang CJ, Yang SL, Li MQ, Shao J. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in obstetrical and gynecological diseases. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 84:e13266. [PMID: 32418253 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous group of myeloid-origin cells which have immunosuppressive activities in several conditions, such as cancer and inflammation. Recent research has also associated MDSCs with numerous obstetrical and gynecological diseases. During pregnancy, MDSCs accumulate to ensure maternal-fetal immune tolerance, whereas they are decreased in patients who suffer from early miscarriage or pre-eclampsia. While the etiology of endometriosis is still unknown, abnormal accumulation of MDSCs in the peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid, alongside an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), has been observed in these patients, which is central to the cellular immune regulations by MDSCs. Additionally, the regulation of MDSCs observed in tumours is also applicable to gynecologic neoplasms, including ovarian cancer and cervical cancer. More recently, emerging evidence has shown that there are high levels of MDSCs in premature ovarian failure (POF) and in vitro fertilization (IVF), but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this review, the generation and mechanisms of MDSCs are summarized. In particular, the modulation of these cells in immune-related obstetrical and gynecological diseases is discussed, including potential treatment options targeting MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Meng Zheng
- Insitute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Li Yang
- Insitute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Lai
- Insitute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Wang
- Insitute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-Liang Yang
- Insitute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Insitute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Shao
- Insitute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Rajabinejad M, Salari F, Gorgin Karaji A, Rezaiemanesh A. The role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis; anti- or pro-inflammatory cells? ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 47:4149-4158. [PMID: 31698956 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1687504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous group of the immature myeloid cells that are derived from the myeloid progenitors with immunosuppressive functions. MDSCs are accumulated in the inflammatory sites during some autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and can be an important factor in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Some research has shown the anti-inflammatory role of MDSCs during the RA progression and supports the hypothesis that MDSCs can be a potential treatment option for autoimmunity with their immunosuppressive activity. In contrast, some papers have reported the opposite effects of MDSCs, and support the hypothesis that MDSCs have a pro-inflammatory role in autoimmune disease. MDSCs functions in RA have not been fully understood, and some controversies, as well as many unanswered questions, remain. Although the two well-known subgroups of MDSCs, M-MDSC, and PMN-MDSC, seem to have different suppressive functions and regulate the immune system responses in a different manner; some studies have shown these cells are converted to each other and even to other cells under different pathological conditions. This review summarises some of the latest papers with respect to the MDSCs functions and discusses the relationship between MDSCs and inflammation in the context of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misagh Rajabinejad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farhad Salari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Gorgin Karaji
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezaiemanesh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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13
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Quercetin promotes the survival of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells via the ESR2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109922. [PMID: 32007919 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a natural product that has been shown to induce tumor apoptosis and necrosis through multiple mechanisms. Tumor-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) expansion negatively regulates the immune response by inhibiting T cell function through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation, thereby facilitating tumor escape from host immune surveillance. Thus MDSC is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy to enhance cytotoxic T cell responses. However, the effects of quercetin on MDSC are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that quercetin treatment enhanced mouse- and human- derived granulocytic-myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSC) survival and promoted the secretion of T cell-suppressive factors in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis further showed that quercetin was highly correlated with the estrogen receptor signaling pathway, which was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometric analysis. These findings highlight the potential advantages and feasibility of quercetin in reinforcing the suppressive property of G-MDSC. Thus impact of G-MDSC should be taken into consideration when quercetin is applied to tumor therapy.
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14
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Lim J, Lee A, Lee HG, Lim JS. Modulation of Immunosuppression by Oligonucleotide-Based Molecules and Small Molecules Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:1-17. [PMID: 31431006 PMCID: PMC6939693 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature myeloid cells that exert suppressive function on the immune response. MDSCs expand in tumor-bearing hosts or in the tumor microenvironment and suppress T cell responses via various mechanisms, whereas a reduction in their activities has been observed in autoimmune diseases or infections. It has been reported that the symptoms of various diseases, including malignant tumors, can be alleviated by targeting MDSCs. Moreover, MDSCs can contribute to patient resistance to therapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors. In line with these therapeutic approaches, diverse oligonucleotide-based molecules and small molecules have been evaluated for their therapeutic efficacy in several disease models via the modulation of MDSC activity. In the current review, MDSC-targeting oligonucleotides and small molecules are briefly summarized, and we highlight the immunomodulatory effects on MDSCs in a variety of disease models and the application of MDSC-targeting molecules for immuno-oncologic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Lim
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Lim
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea.,Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
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15
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Amantea D, Petrelli F, Greco R, Tassorelli C, Corasaniti MT, Tonin P, Bagetta G. Azithromycin Affords Neuroprotection in Rat Undergone Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1256. [PMID: 31849581 PMCID: PMC6902046 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Repurposing existing drugs represents a promising approach for successful development of acute stroke therapies. In this context, the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin has been shown to exert neuroprotection in mice due to its immunomodulatory properties. Here, we have demonstrated that acute administration of a single dose of azithromycin upon reperfusion produces a dose-dependent (ED50 = 1.40 mg/kg; 95% CI = 0.48-4.03) reduction of ischemic brain damage measured 22 h after transient (2 h) middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in adult male rats. Neuroprotection by azithromycin (150 mg/kg, i.p., upon reperfusion) was associated with a significant elevation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation in astrocytes and neurons of the peri-ischemic motor cortex as detected after 2 and 22 h of reperfusion. By contrast, in the core region of the striatum, drug administration resulted in a dramatic elevation of STAT3 phosphorylation only after 22 h of reperfusion, being the signal mainly ascribed to infiltrating leukocytes displaying an M2 phenotype. These early molecular events were associated with a long-lasting neuroprotection, since a single dose of azithromycin reduced brain infarct damage and neurological deficit measured up to 7 days of reperfusion. These data, together with the evidence that azithromycin was effective in a clinically relevant time-window (i.e., when administered after 4.5 h of MCAo), provide robust preclinical evidence to support the importance of developing azithromycin as an effective acute therapy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Amantea
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco Petrelli
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Rosaria Greco
- Headache Science Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Tassorelli
- Headache Science Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Tonin
- Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, Crotone, Italy
| | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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16
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Schwacha MG, Scroggins SR, Montgomery RK, Nicholson SE, Cap AP. Burn injury is associated with an infiltration of the wound site with myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cell Immunol 2019; 338:21-26. [PMID: 30902343 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been identified in the burn wound, however their characterization is incomplete. To study this, mice were subjected to a major burn and skin cells were isolated 3 days thereafter for analysis. Significant infiltration of the burn wound with MDSCs was observed as compared with uninjured skin. The skin of naïve mice did not contain MDSCs. Characterization of the cells showed that 33% of MDSCs in the wound were monocytic (M)-MDSCs, which was significantly less than that found in uninjured skin (52%). In contrast, polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSCs were greater in the burn wound as compared with uninjured skin. Burn wound TLR expression by both MDSCs subsets was decreased as compared with uninjured skin. Wound MDSCs produced pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS was present in both MDSC subsets, whereas ARG1 was only present in M-MDSCs. In conclusion, both M- and PMN-MDSCs infiltrate burn wound with after injury, however, they displayed decreased TLR expression, suggesting receptor down-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G Schwacha
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.
| | - Shannon R Scroggins
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Robbie K Montgomery
- Coagulation and Blood Research Program, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Susannah E Nicholson
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Andrew P Cap
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States; Coagulation and Blood Research Program, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
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