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Walsh MA, Latham AS, Zhang Q, Jacobs RA, Musci RV, LaRocca TJ, Moreno JA, Santangelo KS, Hamilton KL. Non-transgenic guinea pig strains exhibit divergent age-related changes in hippocampal mitochondrial respiration. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14185. [PMID: 38860650 PMCID: PMC11250940 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. However, while 150+ animal models of AD exist, drug translation from preclinical models to humans for treatment usually fails. One factor contributing to low translation is likely the absence of neurodegenerative models that also encompass the multi-morbidities of human aging. We previously demonstrated that, in comparison to the PigmEnTed (PET) guinea pig strain which models "typical" brain aging, the Hartley strain develops hallmarks of AD like aging humans. Hartleys also exhibit age-related impairments in cartilage and skeletal muscle. Impaired mitochondrial respiration is one driver of both cellular aging and AD. In humans with cognitive decline, diminished skeletal muscle and brain respiratory control occurs in parallel. We previously reported age-related declines in skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in Hartleys. It is unknown if there is concomitant mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain. METHODS Therefore, we assessed hippocampal mitochondrial respiration in 5- and 12-month Hartley and PET guinea pigs using high-resolution respirometry. RESULTS At 12 months, PETs had higher complex I supported mitochondrial respiration paralleling their increase in body mass compared to 5 months PETs. Hartleys were also heavier at 12 months compared to 5 months but did not have higher complex I respiration. Compared to 5 months Hartleys, 12 months Hartleys had lower complex I mitochondrial efficiency and compensatory increases in mitochondrial proteins collectively suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction with age. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, Hartleys might be a relevant model to test promising therapies targeting mitochondria to slow brain aging and AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen A Walsh
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Amanda S Latham
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert A Jacobs
- Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado Colorado Springs (UCCS), Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
- William J. Hybl Sports Medicine and Performance Center, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert V Musci
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas J LaRocca
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Julie A Moreno
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelly S Santangelo
- Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Karyn L Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Afzali MF, Sykes MM, Burton LH, Patton KM, Lee KR, Seebart C, Vigon N, Ek R, Narez GE, Marolf AJ, Sikes KJ, Haut Donahue TL, Santangelo KS. Removal of the infrapatellar fat pad and associated synovium benefits female guinea pigs in the Dunkin Hartley model of idiopathic osteoarthritis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2024; 12:43. [PMID: 38911554 PMCID: PMC11193561 DOI: 10.21037/atm-23-1886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Several tissues contribute to the onset and advancement of knee osteoarthritis (OA). One tissue type that is worthy of closer evaluation, particularly in the context of sex, is the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP). We previously demonstrated that removal of the IFP had short-term beneficial effects for a cohort of male Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs. The present project was designed to elucidate the influence of IFP removal in females of this OA-prone strain. It was hypothesized that resection of the IFP would reduce the development of OA in knees of a rodent model predisposed to the disease. Methods Female guinea pigs (n=16) were acquired at an age of 2.5 months. Surgical removal of the IFP and associated synovium complex (IFP/SC) was executed at 3 months of age. One knee had the IFP/SC resected; a comparable sham surgery was performed on the contralateral knee. All animals were subjected to voluntary enclosure monitoring and dynamic weight-bearing, as well as compulsory treadmill-based gait analysis monthly; baseline data was collected prior to surgery. Guinea pigs were euthanized at 7 months. Knees from eight animals were evaluated via histology, mRNA expression, and immunohistochemistry (IHC); knees from the remaining eight animals were allocated to microcomputed tomography (microCT), biomechanical analyses (whole joint testing and indentation relaxation testing), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Results Fibrous connective tissue (FCT) replaced the IFP/SC. Mobility/gait data indicated that unilateral IFP/SC removal did not affect bilateral hindlimb movement. MicroCT demonstrated that osteophytes were not a significant feature of OA in this sex; however, trabecular thickness (TbTh) in medial femorae decreased in knees containing the FCT. Histopathology scores were predominantly influenced by changes in the lateral tibia, which demonstrated that histologic signs of OA were increased in knees containing the native IFP/SC versus those with the FCT. Similarly, indentation testing demonstrated higher instantaneous and equilibrium moduli in the lateral tibial articular cartilage of control knees with native IFPs. AAS of multiple tissue types associated with the knee revealed that zinc was the major trace element influenced by removal of the IFP/SC. Conclusions Our data suggest that the IFP/SC is a significant component driving knee OA in female guinea pigs and that resection of this tissue prior to disease has short-term benefits. Specifically, the formation of the FCT in place of the native tissue resulted in decreased cartilage-related OA changes, as demonstrated by reduced Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) histology scores, as well as changes in transcript, protein, and cartilage indentation analyses. Importantly, this model provides evidence that sex needs to be considered when investigating responses and associated mechanisms seen with this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam F. Afzali
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Madeline M. Sykes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Lindsey H. Burton
- Department of Clinical Sciences, C. Wayne Mcllwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kayley M. Patton
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Koryn R. Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Cassie Seebart
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nicole Vigon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, S631 Life Sciences Laboratory, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Ek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, S631 Life Sciences Laboratory, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Gerardo E. Narez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, S631 Life Sciences Laboratory, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Angela J. Marolf
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katie J. Sikes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, C. Wayne Mcllwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Kelly S. Santangelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Da W, Chen Q, Shen B. The current insights of mitochondrial hormesis in the occurrence and treatment of bone and cartilage degeneration. Biol Res 2024; 57:37. [PMID: 38824571 PMCID: PMC11143644 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that aging, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular phenotypic abnormalities are intricately associated with the degeneration of bone and cartilage. Consequently, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory patterns governing mitochondrial function and its underlying mechanisms holds promise for mitigating the progression of osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, and osteoporosis. Mitochondrial hormesis, referred to as mitohormesis, represents a cellular adaptive stress response mechanism wherein mitochondria restore homeostasis and augment resistance capabilities against stimuli by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), orchestrating unfolded protein reactions (UPRmt), inducing mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDP), instigating mitochondrial dynamic changes, and activating mitophagy, all prompted by low doses of stressors. The varying nature, intensity, and duration of stimulus sources elicit divergent degrees of mitochondrial stress responses, subsequently activating one or more signaling pathways to initiate mitohormesis. This review focuses specifically on the effector molecules and regulatory networks associated with mitohormesis, while also scrutinizing extant mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction contributing to bone and cartilage degeneration through oxidative stress damage. Additionally, it underscores the potential of mechanical stimulation, intermittent dietary restrictions, hypoxic preconditioning, and low-dose toxic compounds to trigger mitohormesis, thereby alleviating bone and cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wacili Da
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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Liao Z, Cai X, Zheng Y, Lin J, Yang X, Lin W, Zhang Y, He X, Liu C. Sirtuin 1 in osteoarthritis: Perspectives on regulating glucose metabolism. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107141. [PMID: 38490314 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterised by articular cartilage destruction, and its complex aetiology contributes to suboptimal clinical treatment outcomes. A close association exists between glucose metabolism dysregulation and OA pathogenesis. Owing to the unique environment of low oxygen and glucose concentrations, chondrocytes rely heavily on their glycolytic capacity, exhibiting distinct spatiotemporal differences. However, under pathological stimulation, chondrocytes undergo excessive glycolytic activity while mitochondrial respiration and other branches of glucose metabolism are compromised. This metabolic change induces cartilage degeneration by reprogramming the inflammatory responses. Sirtuins, a highly conserved family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases, regulate glucose metabolism in response to energy fluctuations in different cellular compartments,alleviating metabolic stress. SIRT1, the most extensively studied sirtuin, participates in maintaining glucose homeostasis in almost all key metabolic tissues. While actively contributing to the OA progression and displaying diverse biological effects in cartilage protection, SIRT1's role in regulating glucose metabolism in chondrocytes has not received sufficient attention. This review focuses on discussing the beneficial role of SIRT1 in OA progression from a metabolic regulation perspective based on elucidating the primary characteristics of chondrocyte glucose metabolism. We also summarise the potential mechanisms and therapeutic strategies targeting SIRT1 in chondrocytes to guide clinical practice and explore novel therapeutic directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Liao
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 366, Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xuepei Cai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 366, Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jiayu Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 366, Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 366, Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Weiyin Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 366, Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 366, Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 366, Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Chufeng Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 366, Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China.
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Duan L, Ma Y, Feng C, Yu X. High-fat diet aggravates the severity of the in vitro posttraumatic osteoarthritis model through macrophagic FBW7. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e988. [PMID: 37773720 PMCID: PMC10521371 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and distressing chronic degenerative joint disorder characterized by damaged articular cartilage and inflamed joints. Among risk factors, obesity has emerged as the second-leading contributor to OA after age. Obesity is believed to play a key role in the development and progression of OA. This study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in the development of OA. Our findings revealed that HFD could aggravate the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM)-induced damage in the mouse model of obesity. Similar results were observed when macrophages obtained from HFD-fed mice were cocultured with cartilage and subsequently stimulated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Mechanistically, we observed a decrease in the expression of intraarticular macrophagic FBW7, which was implicated in the aggravation of OA in the HFD-fed animal. Furthermore, by modulating the immune status of macrophages, we found that reversing the macrophagic expression of FBW7 in these cells can alleviate the chondrocyte damage. In conclusion, this study provides novel insights into the pathological mechanisms underlying HFD-related OA development by identifying the role of FBW7 in synovial macrophages. These findings open up new avenues for research and therapeutic interventions targeting HFD-related OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Duan
- Department of OrthopedicsSijiQing HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of OrthopedicsBayannaoer City HospitalBayannaoer CityInner MongoliaPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chen‐Guang Feng
- Department of Clinical MedicineInner Mongolia University of Science and TechnologyInner MongoliaPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xing Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingPeople's Republic of China
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Sampath SJP, Venkatesan V, Ghosh S, Kotikalapudi N. Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Osteoarthritis-An Updated Review. Curr Obes Rep 2023; 12:308-331. [PMID: 37578613 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metabolic syndrome (MetS), also called the 'deadly quartet' comprising obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, has been ascertained to have a causal role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). This review is aimed at discussing the current knowledge on the contribution of metabolic syndrome and its various components to OA pathogenesis and progression. RECENT FINDINGS Lately, an increased association identified between the various components of metabolic syndrome (obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension) with OA has led to the identification of the 'metabolic phenotype' of OA. These metabolic perturbations alongside low-grade systemic inflammation have been identified to inflict detrimental effects upon multiple tissues of the joint including cartilage, bone, and synovium leading to complete joint failure in OA. Recent epidemiological and clinical findings affirm that adipokines significantly contribute to inflammation, tissue degradation, and OA pathogenesis mediated through multiple signaling pathways. OA is no longer perceived as just a 'wear and tear' disease and the involvement of the metabolic components in OA pathogenesis adds up to the complexity of the disease. Given the global surge in obesity and its allied metabolic perturbations, this review aims to throw light on the current knowledge on the pathophysiology of MetS-associated OA and the need to address MetS in the context of metabolic OA management. Better regulation of the constituent factors of MetS could be profitable in preventing MetS-associated OA. The identification of key roles for several metabolic regulators in OA pathogenesis has also opened up newer avenues in the recognition and development of novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Joshua Pragasam Sampath
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
- Molecular Biology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
| | | | - Sudip Ghosh
- Molecular Biology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Nagasuryaprasad Kotikalapudi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Teaching Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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7
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Musci RV, Andrie KM, Walsh MA, Valenti ZJ, Linden MA, Afzali MF, Bork S, Campbell M, Johnson T, Kail TE, Martinez R, Nguyen T, Sanford J, Wist S, Murrell MD, McCord JM, Hybertson BM, Zhang Q, Javors MA, Santangelo KS, Hamilton KL. Phytochemical compound PB125 attenuates skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired proteostasis in a model of musculoskeletal decline. J Physiol 2023; 601:2189-2216. [PMID: 35924591 PMCID: PMC9898472 DOI: 10.1113/jp282273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial function and disrupted proteostasis contribute to musculoskeletal dysfunction. However, few interventions simultaneously target these two drivers to prevent musculoskeletal decline. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activates a transcriptional programme promoting cytoprotection, metabolism, and proteostasis. We hypothesized daily treatment with a purported Nrf2 activator, PB125, in Hartley guinea pigs, a model of musculoskeletal decline, would attenuate the progression of skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired proteostasis and preserve musculoskeletal function. We treated 2- and 5-month-old male and female Hartley guinea pigs for 3 and 10 months, respectively, with the phytochemical compound PB125. Longitudinal assessments of voluntary mobility were measured using Any-MazeTM open-field enclosure monitoring. Cumulative skeletal muscle protein synthesis rates were measured using deuterium oxide over the final 30 days of treatment. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption in soleus muscles was measured using high resolution respirometry. In both sexes, PB125 (1) increased electron transfer system capacity; (2) attenuated the disease/age-related decline in coupled and uncoupled mitochondrial respiration; and (3) attenuated declines in protein synthesis in the myofibrillar, mitochondrial and cytosolic subfractions of the soleus. These effects were not associated with statistically significant prolonged maintenance of voluntary mobility in guinea pigs. Collectively, treatment with PB125 contributed to maintenance of skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration and proteostasis in a pre-clinical model of musculoskeletal decline. Further investigation is necessary to determine if these documented effects of PB125 are also accompanied by slowed progression of other aspects of musculoskeletal dysfunction. KEY POINTS: Aside from exercise, there are no effective interventions for musculoskeletal decline, which begins in the fifth decade of life and contributes to disability and cardiometabolic diseases. Targeting both mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired protein homeostasis (proteostasis), which contribute to the age and disease process, may mitigate the progressive decline in overall musculoskeletal function (e.g. gait, strength). A potential intervention to target disease drivers is to stimulate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation, which leads to the transcription of genes responsible for redox homeostasis, proteome maintenance and mitochondrial energetics. Here, we tested a purported phytochemical Nrf2 activator, PB125, to improve mitochondrial function and proteostasis in male and female Hartley guinea pigs, which are a model for musculoskeletal ageing. PB125 improved mitochondrial respiration and attenuated disease- and age-related declines in skeletal muscle protein synthesis, a component of proteostasis, in both male and female Hartley guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert V. Musci
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kendra M. Andrie
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Maureen A. Walsh
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Zackary J. Valenti
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Melissa A. Linden
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Maryam F. Afzali
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sydney Bork
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Margaret Campbell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Taylor Johnson
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Thomas E. Kail
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Richard Martinez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Tessa Nguyen
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joseph Sanford
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sara Wist
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Joe M. McCord
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Brooks M. Hybertson
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Kelly S. Santangelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Karyn L. Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Wahl D, Moreno JA, Santangelo KS, Zhang Q, Afzali MF, Walsh MA, Musci RV, Cavalier AN, Hamilton KL, LaRocca TJ. Nontransgenic Guinea Pig Strains Exhibit Hallmarks of Human Brain Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:1766-1774. [PMID: 35323931 PMCID: PMC9434446 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Older age is the primary risk factor for most chronic diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Current preclinical models to study brain aging and AD are mainly transgenic and harbor mutations intended to mirror brain pathologies associated with human brain aging/AD (eg, by increasing production of the amyloid precursor protein, amyloid beta [Aβ], and/or phosphorylated tau, all of which are key pathological mediators of AD). Although these models may provide insight on pathophysiological processes in AD, none completely recapitulate the disease and its strong age-dependence, and there has been limited success in translating preclinical results and treatments to humans. Here, we describe 2 nontransgenic guinea pig (GP) models, a standard PigmEnTed (PET) strain, and lesser-studied Dunkin-Hartley (DH) strain, that may naturally mimic key features of brain aging and AD in humans. We show that brain aging in PET GP is transcriptomically similar to human brain aging, whereas older DH brains are transcriptomically more similar to human AD. Both strains/models also exhibit increased neurofilament light chain (NFL, a marker of neuronal damage) with aging, and DH animals display greater S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100β), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), and Aβ and phosphorylated tau-which are all important markers of neuroinflammation-associated AD. Collectively, our results suggest that both the PET and DH GP may be useful, nontransgenic models to study brain aging and AD, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Wahl
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Julie A Moreno
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelly S Santangelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Maryam F Afzali
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Maureen A Walsh
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert V Musci
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Alyssa N Cavalier
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Karyn L Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas J LaRocca
- Address correspondence to: Thomas J. LaRocca, PhD, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, 1582 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1582, USA. E-mail:
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9
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Veronesi F, Salamanna F, Martini L, Fini M. Naturally Occurring Osteoarthritis Features and Treatments: Systematic Review on the Aged Guinea Pig Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137309. [PMID: 35806306 PMCID: PMC9266929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, several in vivo models have been used to reproduce the onset and monitor the progression of osteoarthritis (OA), and guinea pigs represent a standard model for studying naturally occurring, age-related OA. This systematic review aims to characterize the guinea pig for its employment in in vivo, naturally occurring OA studies and for the evaluation of specific disease-modifying agents. The search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge in the last 10 years. Of the 233 records screened, 49 studies were included. Results showed that within a relatively short period of time, this model develops specific OA aspects, including cartilage degeneration, marginal osteophytes formation, and subchondral bone alterations. Disease severity increases with age, beginning at 3 months with mild OA and reaching moderate–severe OA at 18 months. Among the different strains, Dunkin Hartley develops OA at a relatively early age. Thus, disease-modifying agents have mainly been evaluated for this strain. As summarized herein, spontaneous development of OA in guinea pigs represents an excellent model for studying disease pathogenesis and for evaluating therapeutic interventions. In an ongoing effort at standardization, a detailed characterization of specific OA models is necessary, even considering the main purpose of these models, i.e., translatability to human OA.
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10
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Potential Methods of Targeting Cellular Aging Hallmarks to Reverse Osteoarthritic Phenotype of Chondrocytes. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070996. [PMID: 36101377 PMCID: PMC9312132 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that causes pain, physical disability, and life quality impairment. The pathophysiology of OA remains largely unclear, and currently no FDA-approved disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) are available. As has been acknowledged, aging is the primary independent risk factor for OA, but the mechanisms underlying such a connection are not fully understood. In this review, we first revisit the changes in OA chondrocytes from the perspective of cellular hallmarks of aging. It is concluded that OA chondrocytes share many alterations similar to cellular aging. Next, based on the findings from studies on other cell types and diseases, we propose methods that can potentially reverse osteoarthritic phenotype of chondrocytes back to a healthier state. Lastly, current challenges and future perspectives are summarized.
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Protection against Osteoarthritis Symptoms by Aerobic Exercise with a High-Protein Diet by Reducing Inflammation in a Testosterone-Deficient Animal Model. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020177. [PMID: 35207465 PMCID: PMC8875430 DOI: 10.3390/life12020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A testosterone deficiency potentially increases osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms, and dietary protein and exercise affect them. However, their efficacy and their interactions are still unclear. We hypothesized that a high-protein diet (HPD) and regular exercise modulated OA symptoms in testosterone-deficient rats, and it was examined in bilateral orchidectomized (ORX) and monoiodoacetate (MIA)-injected rats. The ORX rats were given a 30 energy percent (En%) protein (HPD) or 17.5 En% protein (CD). Both groups had 39 En% fat in the diet. Non-ORX-CD rats (sham-operation of ORX) were given the CD and no exercise (normal control). After an eight-week intervention, all rats had an injection of MIA into the left knee, and the treatments were continued for an additional four weeks. The non-ORX-CD rats showed a significant increase in body weight compared to the ORX rats, but the ORX rats had elevated fat mass. ORX exacerbated the glucose tolerance by lowering the serum insulin concentrations and increasing insulin resistance. ORX exacerbated the OA symptoms more than the non-ORX-CD. The HPD and exercise improved bone mineral density and glucose metabolism without changing serum testosterone concentrations, while only exercise increased the lean body mass and decreased fat mass, lipid peroxide, and inflammation. Exercise, but not HPD, reduced the OA symptoms, the weight distribution in the left leg, and running velocity and provided better relief than the non-ORX-CD rats. Exercise with HPD improved the histology of the knee joint in the left leg. Exercise reduced lipid peroxide contents and TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA expression in the articular cartilage, while exercise with HPD decreased MMP-3 and MMP-13 mRNA expression as much as in the non-ORX-CD group. In conclusion, moderate aerobic exercise with HPD alleviated OA symptoms and articular cartilage degradation in a similar way in the non-ORX rats with OA by alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Afzali MF, Radakovich LB, Sykes MM, Campbell MA, Patton KM, Sanford JL, Vigon N, Ek R, Narez GE, Marolf AJ, Sikes KJ, Haut Donahue TL, Santangelo KS. Early removal of the infrapatellar fat pad/synovium complex beneficially alters the pathogenesis of moderate stage idiopathic knee osteoarthritis in male Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:282. [PMID: 36578046 PMCID: PMC9795160 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02971-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) is the largest adipose deposit in the knee; however, its contributions to the homeostasis of this organ remain undefined. To determine the influence of the IFP and its associated synovium (IFP/synovium complex or IFP/SC) on joint health, this study evaluated the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) following excision of this unit in a rodent model of naturally-occurring disease. METHODS Male Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs (n=18) received surgical removal of the IFP in one knee at 3 months of age; contralateral knees received sham surgery as matched internal controls. Mobility and gait assessments were performed prior to IFP/SC removal and monthly thereafter. Animals were harvested at 7 months of age. Ten set of these knees were processed for microcomputed tomography (microCT), histopathology, transcript expression analyses, and immunohistochemistry (IHC); 8 sets of knees were dedicated to microCT and biomechanical testing (material properties of knee joints tissues and anterior drawer laxity). RESULTS Fibrous connective tissue (FCT) developed in place of the native adipose depot. Gait demonstrated no significant differences between IFP/SC removal and contralateral hindlimbs. MicroCT OA scores were improved in knees containing the FCT. Quantitatively, IFP/SC-containing knees had more osteophyte development and increased trabecular volume bone mineral density (vBMD) in femora and tibiae. Histopathology confirmed maintenance of articular cartilage structure, proteoglycan content, and chondrocyte cellularity in FCT-containing knees. Transcript analyses revealed decreased expression of adipose-related molecules and select inflammatory mediators in FCTs compared to IFP/SCs. This was verified via IHC for two key inflammatory agents. The medial articular cartilage in knees with native IFP/SCs showed an increase in equilibrium modulus, which correlated with increased amounts of magnesium and phosphorus. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Formation of the FCT resulted in reduced OA-associated changes in both bone and cartilage. This benefit may be associated with: a decrease in inflammatory mediators at transcript and protein levels; and/or improved biomechanical properties. Thus, the IFP/SC may play a role in the pathogenesis of knee OA in this strain, with removal prior to disease onset appearing to have short-term benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam F. Afzali
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Lauren B. Radakovich
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Madeline M. Sykes
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Margaret A. Campbell
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Kayley M. Patton
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Joseph L. Sanford
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Nicole Vigon
- grid.266683.f0000 0001 2166 5835Department of Biomedical Engineering, S631 Life Sciences Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Ryan Ek
- grid.266683.f0000 0001 2166 5835Department of Biomedical Engineering, S631 Life Sciences Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Gerardo E. Narez
- grid.266683.f0000 0001 2166 5835Department of Biomedical Engineering, S631 Life Sciences Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Angela J. Marolf
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 123 Flint Cancer Center, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Katie J. Sikes
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, 1678 Clinical Sciences, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Tammy L. Haut Donahue
- grid.56061.340000 0000 9560 654XBiomedical Engineering Department, The University of Memphis, 3806 Norriswood, Memphis, TN 38152 USA
| | - Kelly S. Santangelo
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
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Minton DM, Elliehausen CJ, Javors MA, Santangelo KS, Konopka AR. Rapamycin-induced hyperglycemia is associated with exacerbated age-related osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:253. [PMID: 34620223 PMCID: PMC8495984 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02637-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine if mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition with or without AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation can protect against primary, age-related OA. DESIGN Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs develop mild primary OA pathology by 5 months of age that progresses to moderate OA by 8 months of age. At 5 months, guinea pigs served as young control (n = 3) or were fed either a control diet (n = 8), a diet enriched with the mTOR-inhibitor rapamycin (Rap, 14 ppm, n = 8), or Rap with the AMPK-activator metformin (Rap+Met, 1000 ppm, n = 8) for 12 weeks. Knee joints were evaluated by OARSI scoring, micro-computed tomography, and immunohistochemistry. Glenohumeral articular cartilage was collected for western blotting. RESULTS Rap- and Rap+Met-treated guinea pigs displayed lower body weight than control. Rap and Rap+Met inhibited articular cartilage mTORC1 but not mTORC2 signaling. Rap+Met, but not Rap alone, stimulated AMPK. Despite lower body weight and articular cartilage mTORC1 inhibition, Rap- and Rap+Met-treated guinea pigs had greater OA severity in the medial tibial plateau due to articular cartilage structural damage and/or proteoglycan loss. Rap and Rap+Met increased plasma glucose compared to control. Plasma glucose concentration was positively correlated with proteoglycan loss, suggesting hyperglycemic stress after Rap treatment was related to worsened OA. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show that Rap induced increase in plasma glucose was associated with greater OA severity. Further, articular cartilage mTORC1 inhibition and bodyweight reduction by dietary Rap and Rap+Met did not appear to protect against primary OA during the prevailing hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M Minton
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois , USA
| | - Christian J Elliehausen
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois , USA
| | - Martin A Javors
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Kelly S Santangelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Adam R Konopka
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois , USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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Musci RV, Walsh MA, Konopka AR, Wolff CA, Peelor FF, Reiser RF, Santangelo KS, Hamilton KL. The Dunkin Hartley Guinea Pig Is a Model of Primary Osteoarthritis That Also Exhibits Early Onset Myofiber Remodeling That Resembles Human Musculoskeletal Aging. Front Physiol 2020; 11:571372. [PMID: 33192568 PMCID: PMC7658338 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.571372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle dysfunction, articular cartilage degeneration, and bone loss occur essentially in parallel during aging. Mechanisms contributing to this systemic musculoskeletal decline remain incompletely understood, limiting progress toward developing effective therapeutics. Because the progression of human musculoskeletal aging is slow, researchers rely on rodent models to identify mechanisms and test interventions. The Dunkin Hartley guinea pig is an outbred strain that begins developing primary osteoarthritis by 4 months of age with a progression and pathology similar to aging humans. The purpose of this study was to determine if skeletal muscle remodeling during the progression of osteoarthritis in these guinea pigs resembles musculoskeletal aging in humans. We compared Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs to Strain 13 guinea pigs, which develop osteoarthritis much later in the lifespan. We measured myofiber type and size, muscle density, and long-term fractional protein synthesis rates of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in 5, 9, and 15-month-old guinea pigs. There was an age-related decline in skeletal muscle density, a greater proportion of smaller myofibers, and a decline in type II concomitant with a rise in type I myofibers in the gastrocnemius muscles from Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs only. These changes were accompanied by age-related declines in myofibrillar and mitochondrial protein synthesis in the gastrocnemius and soleus. Collectively, these findings suggest Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs experience myofiber remodeling alongside the progression of osteoarthritis, consistent with human musculoskeletal aging. Thus, Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs may be a model to advance discovery and therapeutic development for human musculoskeletal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert V Musci
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Maureen A Walsh
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Adam R Konopka
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,GRECC, William S Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Christopher A Wolff
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Frederick F Peelor
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Raoul F Reiser
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Kelly S Santangelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Karyn L Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.,Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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15
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Insulin Resistance in Osteoarthritis: Similar Mechanisms to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Nutr Metab 2020; 2020:4143802. [PMID: 32566279 PMCID: PMC7261331 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4143802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are two of the most widespread chronic diseases. OA and T2D have common epidemiologic traits, are considered heterogenic multifactorial pathologies that develop through the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, and have common risk factors. In addition, both of these diseases often manifest in a single patient. Despite differences in clinical manifestations, both diseases are characterized by disturbances in cellular metabolism and by an insulin-resistant state primarily associated with the production and utilization of energy. However, currently, the primary cause of OA development and progression is not clear. In addition, although OA is manifested as a joint disease, evidence has accumulated that it affects the whole body. As pathological insulin resistance is viewed as a driving force of T2D development, now, we present evidence that the molecular and cellular metabolic disturbances associated with OA are linked to an insulin-resistant state similar to T2D. Moreover, the alterations in cellular energy requirements associated with insulin resistance could affect many metabolic changes in the body that eventually result in pathology and could serve as a unified mechanism that also functions in many metabolic diseases. However, these issues have not been comprehensively described. Therefore, here, we discuss the basic molecular mechanisms underlying the pathological processes associated with the development of insulin resistance; the major inducers, regulators, and metabolic consequences of insulin resistance; and instruments for controlling insulin resistance as a new approach to therapy.
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Yong-Quan Ng G, Yang-Wei Fann D, Jo DG, Sobey CG, Arumugam TV. Dietary Restriction and Epigenetics: Part I. CONDITIONING MEDICINE 2019; 2:284-299. [PMID: 32039345 PMCID: PMC7007115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological aging occurs concomitantly with chronological aging and is commonly burdened by the development of age-related conditions, such as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and a myriad of metabolic diseases. With a current global shift in disease epidemiology associated with aging and the resultant social, economic, and healthcare burdens faced by many countries, the need to achieve successful aging has fueled efforts to address this problem. Aging is a complex biological phenomenon that has confounded much of the historical research effort to understand it, with still limited knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Interestingly, dietary restriction (DR) is one intervention that produces anti-aging effects from simple organisms to mammals. Research into DR has revealed robust systemic effects that can result in attenuation of age-related diseases via a myriad of molecular mechanisms. Given that numerous age-associated diseases are often polygenic and affect individuals differently, it is possible that they are confounded by interactions between environmental influences and the genome, a process termed 'epigenetics'. In part one of the review, we summarize the different variants of DR regimens and their corresponding mechanism(s) and resultant effects, as well as in-depth analysis of current knowledge of the epigenetic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Yong-Quan Ng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Yang-Wei Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher G. Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thiruma V. Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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