1
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Korthagen NM, Houtman E, Boone I, Coutinho de Almeida R, Sivasubramaniyan K, Mahdad R, Nelissen RGHH, Ramos YFM, Tessari MA, Meulenbelt I. Thyroid hormone induces ossification and terminal maturation in a preserved OA cartilage biomimetic model. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:91. [PMID: 38664820 PMCID: PMC11044551 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize aspects of triiodothyronine (T3) induced chondrocyte terminal maturation within the molecular osteoarthritis pathophysiology using the previously established T3 human ex vivo osteochondral explant model. DESIGNS RNA-sequencing was performed on explant cartilage obtained from OA patients (n = 8), that was cultured ex vivo with or without T3 (10 ng/ml), and main findings were validated using RT-qPCR in an independent sample set (n = 22). Enrichment analysis was used for functional clustering and comparisons with available OA patient RNA-sequencing and GWAS datasets were used to establish relevance for OA pathophysiology by linking to OA patient genomic profiles. RESULTS Besides the upregulation of known hypertrophic genes EPAS1 and ANKH, T3 treatment resulted in differential expression of 247 genes with main pathways linked to extracellular matrix and ossification. CCDC80, CDON, ANKH and ATOH8 were among the genes found to consistently mark early, ongoing and terminal maturational OA processes in patients. Furthermore, among the 37 OA risk genes that were significantly affected in cartilage by T3 were COL12A1, TNC, SPARC and PAPPA. CONCLUSIONS RNA-sequencing results show that metabolic activation and recuperation of growth plate morphology are induced by T3 in OA chondrocytes, indicating terminal maturation is accelerated. The molecular mechanisms involved in hypertrophy were linked to all stages of OA pathophysiology and will be used to validate disease models for drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Korthagen
- Department Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, LUMC, Einthovenweg 20, Postzone S05-P, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E Houtman
- Department Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, LUMC, Einthovenweg 20, Postzone S05-P, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - I Boone
- Department Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, LUMC, Einthovenweg 20, Postzone S05-P, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R Coutinho de Almeida
- Department Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, LUMC, Einthovenweg 20, Postzone S05-P, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K Sivasubramaniyan
- Galapagos BV, Willem Einthovenstraat 13, Oegstgeest, 2342 BH, The Netherlands
| | - R Mahdad
- Alrijne hospital, Simon Smitweg 1, Leiderdorp, 2353 GA, The Netherlands
| | - R G H H Nelissen
- Department Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, LUMC, Einthovenweg 20, Postzone S05-P, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Y F M Ramos
- Department Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, LUMC, Einthovenweg 20, Postzone S05-P, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M A Tessari
- Galapagos BV, Willem Einthovenstraat 13, Oegstgeest, 2342 BH, The Netherlands
| | - I Meulenbelt
- Department Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, LUMC, Einthovenweg 20, Postzone S05-P, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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2
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Doolittle ML, Khosla S, Saul D. Single-Cell Integration of BMD GWAS Results Prioritize Candidate Genes Influencing Age-Related Bone Loss. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10795. [PMID: 37808401 PMCID: PMC10556272 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of bone mineral density (BMD) is highly influenced by genetics and age. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for BMD have uncovered many genes through their proximity to associated variants (variant nearest-neighbor [VNN] genes), the cell-specific mechanisms of each VNN gene remain unclear. This is primarily due to the inability to prioritize these genes by cell type and age-related expression. Using age-related transcriptomics, we found that the expression of many VNN genes was upregulated in the bone and marrow from aged mice. Candidate genes from GWAS were investigated using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets to enrich for cell-specific expression signatures. VNN candidate genes are highly enriched in osteo-lineage cells, osteocytes, hypertrophic chondrocytes, and Lepr+ mesenchymal stem cells. These data were used to generate a "blueprint" for Cre-loxp mouse line selection for functional validation of candidate genes and further investigation of their role in BMD maintenance throughout aging. In VNN-gene-enriched cells, Sparc, encoding the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein osteonectin, was robustly expressed. This, along with expression of numerous other ECM genes, indicates that many VNN genes likely have roles in ECM deposition by osteoblasts. Overall, we provide data supporting streamlined translation of GWAS candidate genes to potential novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of osteoporosis. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison L. Doolittle
- Division of EndocrinologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on AgingMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Division of EndocrinologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on AgingMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Dominik Saul
- Division of EndocrinologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on AgingMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Department for Trauma and Reconstructive SurgeryBG Clinic, University of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
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Kehayova YS, Wilkinson JM, Rice SJ, Loughlin J. Mediation of the Same Epigenetic and Transcriptional Effect by Independent Osteoarthritis Risk-Conferring Alleles on a Shared Target Gene, COLGALT2. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:910-922. [PMID: 36538011 PMCID: PMC10952352 DOI: 10.1002/art.42427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Over 100 DNA variants have been associated with osteoarthritis (OA), including rs1046934, located within a linkage disequilibrium block encompassing part of COLGALT2 and TSEN15. The present study was undertaken to determine the target gene(s) and the mechanism of action of the OA locus using human fetal cartilage, cartilage from OA and femoral neck fracture arthroplasty patients, and a chondrocyte cell model. METHODS Genotyping and methylation array data of DNA from human OA cartilage samples (n = 87) were used to determine whether the rs1046934 genotype is associated with differential DNA methylation at proximal CpGs. Results were replicated in DNA from human arthroplasty (n = 132) and fetal (n = 77) cartilage samples using pyrosequencing. Allelic expression imbalance (AEI) measured the effects of genotype on COLGALT2 and TSEN15 expression. Reporter gene assays and epigenetic editing determined the functional role of regions harboring differentially methylated CpGs. In silico analyses complemented these experiments. RESULTS Three differentially methylated CpGs residing within regulatory regions were detected in the human OA cartilage array data, and 2 of these were replicated in human arthroplasty and fetal cartilage. AEI was detected for COLGALT2 and TSEN15, with associations between expression and methylation for COLGALT2. Reporter gene assays confirmed that the CpGs are in chondrocyte enhancers, with epigenetic editing results directly linking methylation with COLGALT2 expression. CONCLUSION COLGALT2 is a target of this OA locus. We previously characterized another OA locus, marked by rs11583641, that independently targets COLGALT2. The genotype of rs1046934, like rs11583641, mediates its effect by modulating expression of COLGALT2 via methylation changes to CpGs located in enhancers. Although the single-nucleotide polymorphisms, CpGs, and enhancers are distinct between the 2 independent OA risk loci, their effect on COLGALT2 is the same. COLGALT2 is the target of independent OA risk loci sharing a common mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Sarah J. Rice
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - John Loughlin
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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Dp-ucMGP as a Biomarker in Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245400. [PMID: 36558558 PMCID: PMC9785709 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is linked with an increased risk of falls, osteoporosis and mortality and is an increasing problem for healthcare systems. No satisfying biomarkers for sarcopenia diagnosis exist, connecting bone, fat and muscle. Matrix-GLA-protein (MGP) is an adipokine that regulates bone metabolism and is associated with decreased muscle strength. Associations of dp-ucMGP were analyzed in the BioPersMed cohort (58 ± 9 years), including 1022 asymptomatic subjects at moderate cardiovascular risk. Serum measurements of dp-ucMGP in 760 persons were performed with the InaKtif MGP Kit with the IDS-iSYS Multi-Discipline Automated System. DXA data (792 persons) measured with the Lunar iDXA system and physical performance data (786 persons) were available. Dp-ucMGP plasma levels correlate with sarcopenia parameters like gait speed (ρ = −0.192, p < 0.001), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ρ = 0.102, p = 0.005) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ρ = 0.112, p = 0.001). They are lower in persons with sarcopenia (p < 0.001) and higher in persons with reduced physical performance (p = 0.019). Persons in the lowest dp-ucMGP quartile have the highest risk for reduced muscle mass, decreasing with each quartile, whereas persons in the highest quartile have the highest risk of reduced muscle strength. Dp-ucMGP might be a good biomarker candidate in sarcopenia characterization.
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5
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Coutinho de Almeida R, Tuerlings M, Ramos Y, Den Hollander W, Suchiman E, Lakenberg N, Nelissen RGHH, Mei H, Meulenbelt I. Allelic expression imbalance in articular cartilage and subchondral bone refined genome-wide association signals in osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 62:1669-1676. [PMID: 36040165 PMCID: PMC10070069 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To present an unbiased approach to identify positional transcript single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of osteoarthritis (OA) risk loci by allelic expression imbalance (AEI) analyses using RNA sequencing of articular cartilage and subchondral bone from OA patients. METHODS RNA sequencing from 65 articular cartilage and 24 subchondral bone from OA patients was used for AEI analysis. AEI was determined for all genes present in the 100 regions reported by the GWAS catalog that were also expressed in cartilage or bone. The count fraction of the alternative allele (φ) was calculated for each heterozygous individual with the risk-SNP or with the SNP in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with it (r2 > 0.6). Furthermore, a meta-analysis was performed to generate a meta-φ (null hypothesis median φ = 0.49) and P-value for each SNP. RESULTS We identified 30 transcript SNPs (28 in cartilage and 2 in subchondral bone) subject to AEI in 29 genes. Notably, 10 transcript SNPs were located in genes not previously reported in the GWAS catalog, including two long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs), MALAT1 (meta-φ = 0.54, FDR = 1.7x10-4) and ILF3-DT (meta-φ = 0.6, FDR = 1.75x10-5). Moreover, 12 drugs were interacting with 7 genes displaying AEI, of which 7 drugs have been already approved. CONCLUSIONS By prioritizing proxy transcript SNPs that mark AEI in cartilage and/or subchondral bone at loci harboring GWAS signals, we present an unbiased approach to identify the most likely functional OA risk-SNP and gene. We identified 10 new potential OA risk genes ready for further, translation towards underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Coutinho de Almeida
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margo Tuerlings
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande Ramos
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Den Hollander
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eka Suchiman
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Lakenberg
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob G H H Nelissen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Dept. of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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6
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Cai Z, Long T, Zhao Y, Lin R, Wang Y. Epigenetic Regulation in Knee Osteoarthritis. Front Genet 2022; 13:942982. [PMID: 35873487 PMCID: PMC9304589 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.942982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complicated disease with both hereditary and environmental causes. Despite an increase in reports of possible OA risk loci, it has become clear that genetics is not the sole cause of osteoarthritis. Epigenetics, which can be triggered by environmental influences and result in transcriptional alterations, may have a role in OA pathogenesis. The majority of recent research on the epigenetics of OA has been focused on DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs. However, this study will explore epigenetic regulation in OA at the present stage. How genetics, environmental variables, and epigenetics interact will be researched, shedding light for future studies. Their possible interaction and control processes open up new avenues for the development of innovative osteoarthritis treatment and diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teng Long
- *Correspondence: Teng Long, ; You Wang,
| | | | | | - You Wang
- *Correspondence: Teng Long, ; You Wang,
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7
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Berkner KL, Runge KW. Vitamin K-Dependent Protein Activation: Normal Gamma-Glutamyl Carboxylation and Disruption in Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5759. [PMID: 35628569 PMCID: PMC9146348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K-dependent (VKD) proteins undergo an unusual post-translational modification, which is the conversion of specific Glu residues to carboxylated Glu (Gla). Gla generation is required for the activation of VKD proteins, and occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum during their secretion to either the cell surface or from the cell. The gamma-glutamyl carboxylase produces Gla using reduced vitamin K, which becomes oxygenated to vitamin K epoxide. Reduced vitamin K is then regenerated by a vitamin K oxidoreductase (VKORC1), and this interconversion of oxygenated and reduced vitamin K is referred to as the vitamin K cycle. Many of the VKD proteins support hemostasis, which is suppressed during therapy with warfarin that inhibits VKORC1 activity. VKD proteins also impact a broad range of physiologies beyond hemostasis, which includes regulation of calcification, apoptosis, complement, growth control, signal transduction and angiogenesis. The review covers the roles of VKD proteins, how they become activated, and how disruption of carboxylation can lead to disease. VKD proteins contain clusters of Gla residues that form a calcium-binding module important for activity, and carboxylase processivity allows the generation of multiple Glas. The review discusses how impaired carboxylase processivity results in the pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen L. Berkner
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at CWRU, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kurt W. Runge
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at CWRU, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
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8
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Aubourg G, Rice SJ, Bruce-Wootton P, Loughlin J. Genetics of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:636-649. [PMID: 33722698 PMCID: PMC9067452 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis genetics has been transformed in the past decade through the application of large-scale genome-wide association scans. So far, over 100 polymorphic DNA variants have been associated with this common and complex disease. These genetic risk variants account for over 20% of osteoarthritis heritability and the vast majority map to non-protein coding regions of the genome where they are presumed to act by regulating the expression of target genes. Statistical fine mapping, in silico analyses of genomics data, and laboratory-based functional studies have enabled the identification of some of these targets, which encode proteins with diverse roles, including extracellular signaling molecules, intracellular enzymes, transcription factors, and cytoskeletal proteins. A large number of the risk variants correlate with epigenetic factors, in particular cartilage DNA methylation changes in cis, implying that epigenetics may be a conduit through which genetic effects on gene expression are mediated. Some of the variants also appear to have been selected as humans adapted to bipedalism, suggesting that a proportion of osteoarthritis genetic susceptibility results from antagonistic pleiotropy, with risk variants having a positive role in joint formation but a negative role in the long-term health of the joint. Although data from an osteoarthritis genetic study has not yet directly led to a novel treatment, some of the osteoarthritis associated genes code for proteins that have available therapeutics. Genetic investigations are therefore revealing fascinating fundamental insights into osteoarthritis and can expose options for translational intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Aubourg
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - S J Rice
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - P Bruce-Wootton
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Loughlin
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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9
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Loughlin J. Translating osteoarthritis genetics research: challenging times ahead. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:176-182. [PMID: 35033441 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of molecular genetic studies of human diseases is to translate the discoveries for patient benefit. For diseases that lack licensed disease-modifying therapeutics, such as osteoarthritis (OA), the need is acute. OA is polygenic and affects older individuals, with a recent genome-wide study of over 800 000 individuals adding 52 novel association signals to those already reported on for this common arthritis. Many of the predicted effector genes of these signals encode proteins that are targets of drugs for other indications, highlighting repurposing opportunities. Here, the potential for OA genetic data to translate is discussed, including whether the developmental origin of OA will limit the application of genetic risk data for disease-modification purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Loughlin
- Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
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10
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Fan X, Wu X, Trevisan Franca De Lima L, Stehbens S, Punyadeera C, Webb R, Hamilton B, Ayyapann V, McLauchlan C, Crawford R, Zheng M, Xiao Y, Prasadam I. The deterioration of calcified cartilage integrity reflects the severity of osteoarthritis-A structural, molecular, and biochemical analysis. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22142. [PMID: 35032407 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101449r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The calcified cartilage zone (CCZ) is a thin interlayer between the hyaline articular cartilage and the subchondral bone and plays an important role in maintaining the joint homeostasis by providing biological and mechanical support from unmineralized cartilage to the underlying mineralized subchondral bone. The hallmark of CCZ characteristics in osteoarthritis (OA) is less well known. The aim of our study is to evaluate the structural, molecular, and biochemical composition of CCZ in tissues affected by primary knee OA and its relationship with disease severity. We collected osteochondral tissue samples stratified according to disease severity, from 16 knee OA patients who underwent knee replacement surgery. We also used meniscectomy-induced rat samples to confirm the pathophysiologic changes of human samples. We defined the characteristics of the calcified cartilage layer using a combination of morphological, biochemical, proteomic analyses on laser micro-dissected tissue. Our results demonstrated that the Calcium/Phosphate ratio is unchanged during the OA progression, but the calcium-binding protein and cadherin binding protein, as well as carbohydrate metabolism-related proteins, undergo significant changes. These changes were further accompanied by thinning of the CCZ, loss of collagen and proteoglycan content, the occurrence of the endochondral ossification, neovasculature, loss of the elastic module, loss of the collagen direction, and increase of the tortuosity indicating an altered structural and mechanical properties of the CCZ in OA. In conclusion, our results suggest that the calcified cartilage changes can reflect the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwei Fan
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xiaoxin Wu
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Samantha Stehbens
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard Webb
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brett Hamilton
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vijay Ayyapann
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Connor McLauchlan
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ross Crawford
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Minghao Zheng
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yin Xiao
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Indira Prasadam
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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11
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Ma X, Zhang Z, Kang X, Deng C, Sun Y, Li Y, Huang D, Liu X. Defining matrix Gla protein expression in the Dunkin-Hartley guinea pig model of spontaneous osteoarthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:870. [PMID: 34641845 PMCID: PMC8513366 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix Gla (γ-carboxyglutamate) protein (MGP) is considered a strong inhibitor of ectopic calcification, and it has been associated with OA severity, although not conclusively. We utilized male Dunkin-Hartley (DH) guinea pigs to investigate the expression of MGP throughout aging and disease pathogenesis in a spontaneous model. METHOD Twenty-five male DH guinea pigs were obtained and nurtured to several timepoints, and then randomly and equally divided by age into five subgroups (1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-months, with the 1-month group as the reference group). DH guinea pigs in each group were euthanized at the designated month-age and the left or right medial tibial plateaus cartilages were randomly excised. OA severity was described by modified Mankin Score (MMS) at microscopy (Safranin O/Fast Green stain). Proteomic evaluation using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) was performed to validate the age-related changes in the MGP profiles, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods were applied for semi-quantitative determination of MGP expression in articular cartilage. RESULTS The histopathologic findings validated the increasing severity of cartilage degeneration with age in the DH guinea pigs. The MMS showed significant, stepwise (every adjacent comparison P < 0.05) disease progression with month-age. The iTRAQ indicated that MGP levels increased significantly with advancing age (P < 0.05), as supported by the IHC result (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Increased expression of MGP in male DH guinea pigs was present throughout aging and disease progression and may be link to increased OA severity. Further studies are needed to investigate and confirm the association between MGP levels and OA severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.16, Puhe Street, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xinyuan Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chunbo Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yingwei Sun
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Department of Mathematics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Desheng Huang
- Department of Mathematics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueyong Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.16, Puhe Street, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning Province, China.
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12
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Houtman E, Coutinho de Almeida R, Tuerlings M, Suchiman HED, Broekhuis D, Nelissen RGHH, Ramos YFM, van Meurs JBJ, Meulenbelt I. Characterization of dynamic changes in Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) gene expression as function of genetic risk alleles, osteoarthritis relevant stimuli, and the vitamin K inhibitor warfarin. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1193-1202. [PMID: 33984465 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We here aimed to characterize changes of Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) expression in relation to its recently identified OA risk allele rs1800801-T in OA cartilage, subchondral bone and human ex vivo osteochondral explants subjected to OA related stimuli. Given that MGP function depends on vitamin K bioavailability, we studied the effect of frequently prescribed vitamin K antagonist warfarin. METHODS Differential (allelic) mRNA expression of MGP was analyzed using RNA-sequencing data of human OA cartilage and subchondral bone. Human osteochondral explants were used to study exposures to interleukin one beta (IL-1β; inflammation), triiodothyronine (T3; Hypertrophy), warfarin, or 65% mechanical stress (65%MS) as function of rs1800801 genotypes. RESULTS We confirmed that the MGP risk allele rs1800801-T was associated with lower expression and that MGP was significantly upregulated in lesioned as compared to preserved OA tissues, mainly in risk allele carriers, in both cartilage and subchondral bone. Moreover, MGP expression was downregulated in response to OA like triggers in cartilage and subchondral bone and this effect might be reduced in carriers of the rs1800801-T risk allele. Finally, warfarin treatment in cartilage increased COL10A1 and reduced SOX9 and MMP3 expression and in subchondral bone reduced COL1A1 and POSTN expression. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS Our data highlights that the genetic risk allele lowers MGP expression and upon OA relevant triggers may hamper adequate dynamic changes in MGP expression, mainly in cartilage. The determined direct negative effect of warfarin on human explant cultures functionally underscores the previously found association between vitamin K deficiency and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Houtman
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - R Coutinho de Almeida
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M Tuerlings
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - H E D Suchiman
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - D Broekhuis
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - R G H H Nelissen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Y F M Ramos
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - I Meulenbelt
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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13
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Huan Z, Wang Y, Zhang M, Zhang X, Liu Y, Kong L, Xu J. Follicle-stimulating hormone worsens osteoarthritis by causing inflammation and chondrocyte dedifferentiation. FEBS Open Bio 2021. [PMID: 34176242 PMCID: PMC8329950 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have found follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) receptors on chondrocytes (cartilage cells), but the mechanism of FSH action on chondrocytes is not clear. The purpose of this experiment is to study whether FSH affects chondrocytes and how it causes changes in these cells. Our results show that osteoarthritis became worse after FSH injection in the knee joint of mice. After the stimulation of chondrocytes by FSH, a total of 664 up‐regulated genes, such as Col12a1 and Col1a1, and 644 down‐regulated genes, such as MGP, were screened by transcriptomics. A subset of extracellular matrix (ECM)‐related genes and pathways underwent Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, and the downregulation of MGP, the upregulation of EGR1 and Col1a1, and the increase of IL‐6 were verified. It was also observed that FSH can inhibit the cAMP/PKA and MKK4/JNK signaling pathway. In conclusion, we demonstrated that FSH can increase cartilage inflammatory response and promote chondrocyte dedifferentiation by inhibiting the cAMP/PKA and MKK4/JNK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Huan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Lei Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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14
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Shi S, Wan F, Zhou Z, Tao R, Lu Y, Zhou M, Liu F, Liu Y. Identification of key regulators responsible for dysregulated networks in osteoarthritis by large-scale expression analysis. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:259. [PMID: 33853636 PMCID: PMC8045172 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a worldwide musculoskeletal disorder. However, disease-modifying therapies for OA are not available. Here, we aimed to characterize the molecular signatures of OA and to identify novel therapeutic targets and strategies to improve the treatment of OA. METHODS We collected genome-wide transcriptome data performed on 132 OA and 74 normal human cartilage or synovium tissues from 7 independent datasets. Differential gene expression analysis and functional enrichment were performed to identify genes and pathways that were dysregulated in OA. The computational drug repurposing method was used to uncover drugs that could be repurposed to treat OA. RESULTS We identified several pathways associated with the development of OA, such as extracellular matrix organization, inflammation, bone development, and ossification. By protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, we prioritized several hub genes, such as JUN, CDKN1A, VEGFA, and FOXO3. Moreover, we repurposed several FDA-approved drugs, such as cardiac glycosides, that could be used in the treatment of OA. CONCLUSIONS We proposed that the hub genes we identified would play a role in cartilage homeostasis and could be important diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Drugs such as cardiac glycosides provided new possibilities for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuyin Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yake Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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15
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Loeser RF, Berenbaum F, Kloppenburg M. Vitamin K and osteoarthritis: is there a link? Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:547-549. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Ratneswaran A, Kapoor M. Osteoarthritis year in review: genetics, genomics, epigenetics. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:151-160. [PMID: 33227439 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this review, we have highlighted advances in genetics, genomics and epigenetics in the field of osteoarthritis (OA) over the past year. METHODS A literature search was performed using PubMed and the criteria: "osteoarthritis" and one of the following terms "genetic(s), genomic(s), epigenetic(s), epigenomic(s), noncoding RNA, microRNA, long noncoding RNA, lncRNA, circular RNA, RNA sequencing, single cell sequencing, or DNA methylation between April 1, 2019 and April 30, 2020. RESULTS We identified 653 unique publications, many studies spanned multiple search terms. We summarized advances relating to evolutionary genetics, pain, ethnicity specific risk factors, functional studies of gene variants, and interactions between coding and non-coding RNAs in OA pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Studies have identified variants contributing to OA susceptibility, candidate biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as promising therapeutic candidates. Validation in multiple cohorts, multi-omics strategies, and machine learning aided computational analyses have all contributed to the strength of published literature. Open access data-sets, greater sample sizes to capture broader populations and understanding disease mechanisms by investigating the interactions between multiple tissue types will further aid in progress towards understanding and curing OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ratneswaran
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Kapoor
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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17
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Parker E, Hofer IMJ, Rice SJ, Earl L, Anjum SA, Deehan DJ, Loughlin J. Multi‐Tissue Epigenetic and Gene Expression Analysis Combined With Epigenome Modulation Identifies
RWDD2B
as a Target of Osteoarthritis Susceptibility. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 73:100-109. [DOI: 10.1002/art.41473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lucy Earl
- Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | | | - David J. Deehan
- Newcastle University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Freeman Hospital Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne UK
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18
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Sorial AK, Hofer IMJ, Tselepi M, Cheung K, Parker E, Deehan DJ, Rice SJ, Loughlin J. Multi-tissue epigenetic analysis of the osteoarthritis susceptibility locus mapping to the plectin gene PLEC. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:1448-1458. [PMID: 32580029 PMCID: PMC7594932 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In cartilage, the osteoarthritis (OA) associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11780978 correlates with differential expression of PLEC, and with differential methylation of PLEC CpG dinucleotides, forming eQTLs and mQTLs respectively. This implies that methylation links chondrocyte genotype and phenotype, thus driving the functional effect of this genetic risk signal. PLEC encodes plectin, a cytoskeletal protein that enables tissues to respond to mechanical forces. We sought to assess whether these PLEC functional effects were cartilage specific. METHOD Cartilage, fat pad, synovium and peripheral blood were collected from patients undergoing arthroplasty. PLEC CpGs were analysed for mQTLs and allelic expression imbalance (AEI) was performed to test for eQTLs. Plectin was knocked down in a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) line using CRISPR/Cas9 and cells phenotyped by RNA-sequencing. RESULTS mQTLs were discovered in fat pad, synovium and blood. Their effects were however stronger in the joint tissues and of comparable effect between these tissues. We observed AEI in synovium in the same direction as for cartilage and correlations between methylation and PLEC expression. Knocking-down plectin impacted on pathways reported to have a role in OA, including Wnt signalling, glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis and immune regulation. CONCLUSIONS Synovium is also a target of the rs11780978 OA association functionally operating on PLEC. In fat pad, mQTLs were identified but these did not correlate with PLEC expression, suggesting the functional effect is not joint-wide. Our study highlights interplay between genetic risk, DNA methylation and gene expression in OA, and reveals clear differences between tissues from the same diseased joint.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue/metabolism
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Arthroplasty, Replacement
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Cartilage, Articular/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Chondrocytes/metabolism
- CpG Islands
- DNA Methylation
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Glycosaminoglycans/biosynthesis
- Humans
- Male
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Osteoarthritis, Hip/blood
- Osteoarthritis, Hip/genetics
- Osteoarthritis, Hip/metabolism
- Osteoarthritis, Hip/surgery
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/blood
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/genetics
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/metabolism
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/surgery
- Plectin/blood
- Plectin/genetics
- Plectin/metabolism
- Quantitative Trait Loci
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Synovial Membrane/metabolism
- Wnt Signaling Pathway/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Sorial
- Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - I M J Hofer
- Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - M Tselepi
- Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - K Cheung
- Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - E Parker
- Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - D J Deehan
- Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - S J Rice
- Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - J Loughlin
- Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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19
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Shea MK, Booth SL, Harshman SG, Smith D, Carlson CS, Harper L, Armstrong AR, Fang M, Cancela ML, Márcio Simão, Loeser RF. The effect of vitamin K insufficiency on histological and structural properties of knee joints in aging mice. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2020; 2:100078. [PMID: 36474686 PMCID: PMC9718348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective While a role for vitamin K in maintaining joint tissue homeostasis has been proposed based on the presence of vitamin K dependent proteins in cartilage and bone, it is not clear if low vitamin K intake is causally linked to joint tissue degeneration. To address this gap, we manipulated vitamin K status in aging mice to test its effect on age-related changes in articular cartilage and sub-chondral bone. Methods Eleven-month old male C57BL6 mice were randomly assigned to a low vitamin K diet containing 120 mcg phylloquinone/kg diet (n = 32) or a control diet containing 1.5 mg phylloquinone/kg diet (n = 30) for 6 months. Knees were evaluated histologically using Safranin O and H&E staining, as well as using micro-CT. Results Eleven mice in the low vitamin K diet group and three mice in the control group died within the first 100 days of the experiment (p = 0.024). Mice fed the low vitamin K diet had higher Safranin-O scores, indicative of more proteoglycan loss, compared to mice fed the control diet (p ≤ 0.026). The articular cartilage structure scores did not differ between the two groups (p ≥ 0.190). The sub-chondral bone parameters measured using micro CT also did not differ between the two groups (all p ≥ 0.174). Conclusion Our findings suggest low vitamin K status can promote joint tissue proteoglycan loss in older male mice. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings and obtain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of vitamin K in joint tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kyla Shea
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston MA, USA
| | - Sarah L. Booth
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston MA, USA
| | | | - Donald Smith
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston MA, USA
| | - Cathy S. Carlson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul MN, USA
| | - Lindsey Harper
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul MN, USA
| | | | - Min Fang
- Small Animal Imaging Preclinical Testing Facility, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - M. Leonor Cancela
- Center of Marine Sciences University of Algarve, Faro Portugal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Centre and Centre for Biomedical Research, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Márcio Simão
- Center of Marine Sciences University of Algarve, Faro Portugal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro Portugal
| | - Richard F. Loeser
- Thurston Arthritis Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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20
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Lee SJ, Lee IK, Jeon JH. Vascular Calcification-New Insights Into Its Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082685. [PMID: 32294899 PMCID: PMC7216228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC), which is categorized by intimal and medial calcification, depending on the site(s) involved within the vessel, is closely related to cardiovascular disease. Specifically, medial calcification is prevalent in certain medical situations, including chronic kidney disease and diabetes. The past few decades have seen extensive research into VC, revealing that the mechanism of VC is not merely a consequence of a high-phosphorous and -calcium milieu, but also occurs via delicate and well-organized biologic processes, including an imbalance between osteochondrogenic signaling and anticalcific events. In addition to traditionally established osteogenic signaling, dysfunctional calcium homeostasis is prerequisite in the development of VC. Moreover, loss of defensive mechanisms, by microorganelle dysfunction, including hyper-fragmented mitochondria, mitochondrial oxidative stress, defective autophagy or mitophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, may all contribute to VC. To facilitate the understanding of vascular calcification, across any number of bioscientific disciplines, we provide this review of a detailed updated molecular mechanism of VC. This encompasses a vascular smooth muscle phenotypic of osteogenic differentiation, and multiple signaling pathways of VC induction, including the roles of inflammation and cellular microorganelle genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Joo Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea;
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-(53)-200-3182; Fax: +82-(53)-200-3155
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21
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Rice SJ, Beier F, Young DA, Loughlin J. Interplay between genetics and epigenetics in osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 16:268-281. [PMID: 32273577 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-0407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Research into the molecular genetics of osteoarthritis (OA) has been substantially bolstered in the past few years by the implementation of powerful genome-wide scans that have revealed a large number of novel risk loci associated with the disease. This refreshing wave of discovery has occurred concurrently with epigenetic studies of joint tissues that have examined DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulatory RNAs. These epigenetic analyses have involved investigations of joint development, homeostasis and disease and have used both human samples and animal models. What has become apparent from a comparison of these two complementary approaches is that many OA genetic risk signals interact with, map to or correlate with epigenetic mediators. This discovery implies that epigenetic mechanisms, and their effect on gene expression, are a major conduit through which OA genetic risk polymorphisms exert their functional effects. This observation is particularly exciting as it provides mechanistic insight into OA susceptibility. Furthermore, this knowledge reveals avenues for attenuating the negative effect of risk-conferring alleles by exposing the epigenome as an exploitable target for therapeutic intervention in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Rice
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Western Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - David A Young
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John Loughlin
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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22
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Zhang Q, Nettleship I, Schmelzer E, Gerlach J, Zhang X, Wang J, Liu C. Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Therapies for Cell Senescence in Bone and Cartilage. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:64-78. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian Nettleship
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eva Schmelzer
- Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jorg Gerlach
- Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xuewei Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
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