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Wang H, Zhao X, Wu Z. Mechanism of drug-pairs Astragalus Mongholicus-Largehead Atractylodes on treating knee osteoarthritis investigated by GEO gene chip with network pharmacology and molecular docking. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38699. [PMID: 38968529 PMCID: PMC11224889 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigations into the therapeutic potential of Astragalus Mongholicus (AM, huáng qí) and Largehead Atractylodes (LA, bái zhú) reveal significant efficacy in mitigating the onset and progression of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), albeit with an elusive mechanistic understanding. This study delineates the primary bioactive constituents and their molecular targets within the AM-LA synergy by harnessing the comprehensive Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) network databases, including TCMSP, TCMID, and ETCM. Furthermore, an analysis of 3 gene expression datasets, sourced from the gene expression omnibus database, facilitated the identification of differential genes associated with KOA. Integrating these findings with data from 5 predominant databases yielded a refined list of KOA-associated targets, which were subsequently aligned with the gene signatures corresponding to AM and LA treatment. Through this alignment, specific molecular targets pertinent to the AM-LA therapeutic axis were elucidated. The construction of a protein-protein interaction network, leveraging the shared genetic markers between KOA pathology and AM-LA intervention, enabled the identification of pivotal molecular targets via the topological analysis facilitated by CytoNCA plugins. Subsequent GO and KEGG enrichment analyses fostered the development of a holistic herbal-ingredient-target network and a core target-signal pathway network. Molecular docking techniques were employed to validate the interaction between 5 central molecular targets and their corresponding active compounds within the AM-LA complex. Our findings suggest that the AM-LA combination modulates key biological processes, including cellular activity, reactive oxygen species modification, metabolic regulation, and the activation of systemic immunity. By either augmenting or attenuating crucial signaling pathways, such as MAPK, calcium, and PI3K/AKT pathways, the AM-LA dyad orchestrates a comprehensive regulatory effect on immune-inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and antioxidant defenses, offering a novel therapeutic avenue for KOA management. This study, underpinned by gene expression omnibus gene chip analyses and network pharmacology, advances our understanding of the molecular underpinnings governing the inhibitory effects of AM and LA on KOA progression, laying the groundwork for future explorations into the active components and mechanistic pathways of TCM in KOA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Jinan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Jinan Third People’s Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyou Zhao
- Yanzhou People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Zixuan Wu
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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2
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Chen C, Ding Y, Huang Q, Zhang C, Zhao Z, Zhou H, Li D, Zhou G. Relationship between arginine methylation and vascular calcification. Cell Signal 2024; 119:111189. [PMID: 38670475 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), vascular calcification (VC) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the primary cause of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The main component of VC in CKD is the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). VC is an ordered, dynamic activity. Under the stresses of oxidative stress and calcium-‑phosphorus imbalance, VSMCs undergo osteogenic phenotypic transdifferentiation, which promotes the formation of VC. In addition to traditional epigenetics like RNA and DNA control, post-translational modifications have been discovered to be involved in the regulation of VC in recent years. It has been reported that the process of osteoblast differentiation is impacted by catalytic histone or non-histone arginine methylation. Its function in the osteogenic process is comparable to that of VC. Thus, we propose that arginine methylation regulates VC via many signaling pathways, including as NF-B, WNT, AKT/PI3K, TGF-/BMP/SMAD, and IL-6/STAT3. It might also regulate the VC-related calcification regulatory factors, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Consequently, we propose that arginine methylation regulates the calcification of the arteries and outline the regulatory mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ding
- Department of Pain Management, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, China
| | - Zixia Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, China
| | - Detian Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, China
| | - Guangyu Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, China.
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Chen T, Liu J, Li S, Wang P, Shang G. The role of protein arginine N-methyltransferases in inflammation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:208-214. [PMID: 36075843 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) promote the methylation of numerous proteins at their arginine residues. An increasing number of publications have suggested that dysregulation of PRMTs participates in various human diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. Inflammation is one normal response to infection or injury by immune system, which can keep body homeostasis. Emerging data reveal that inflammation is associated with the development of numerous diseases. Moreover, accumulated evidence proves that PRMTs have been characterized to regulate inflammation in various diseases. In this review article, we delineate the function and molecular mechanism of PRMTs in regulation of inflammation in current literature. Moreover, we discuss that targeting PRMTs by its inhibitors and compounds could have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Jinxin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Shizhe Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Peter Wang
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China.
| | - Guanning Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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Zhao Z, Liu W, Cheng G, Dong S, Zhao Y, Wu H, Cao Z. Knockdown of DAPK1 inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammation and cartilage degradation in human chondrocytes by modulating the PEDF-mediated NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Innate Immun 2024; 30:21-30. [PMID: 36412004 PMCID: PMC10720599 DOI: 10.1177/17534259221086837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease that is characterized by inflammation and cartilage degradation. Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) is a multi-domain serine/threonine kinase and has been reported to be involved in the progression of OA. However, its role and mechanism in OA remain unclear. Here, we found the expression of DAPK1 in OA cartilage tissues was higher than that in normal cartilage tissues. The expression of DAPK1 in chondrocytes was up-regulated by IL-1β. Knockdown of DAPK1 promoted cell viability and anti-apoptotic protein expression, while it inhibited the apoptosis rate and pro-apoptotic protein expressions in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. In addition, DAPK1 inhibition reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines and expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and increased the expressions of collagen II and aggrecan. The data of mechanistic investigation indicated that the expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) was positively regulated by DAPK1. Overexpression of PEDF attenuated the effects of DAPK1 knockdown on IL-1β-induced cell viability, apoptosis, inflammation, and cartilage degradation. Furthermore, PEDF overexpression restored the activity of the NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome after DAPK1 knockdown. Collectively, down-regulation of DAPK1 inhibited IL-1β-induced inflammation and cartilage degradation via the PEDF-mediated NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Zhao
- Department of Articulation Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shengjie Dong
- Department of Articulation Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuchi Zhao
- Department of Articulation Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhilin Cao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
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Zhu H, Zheng J, Zhou Y, Wu T, Zhu T. PRMT5 participates in B cell overactivation in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) through RSAD2-mediated NF-κB signaling. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1102. [PMID: 38156384 PMCID: PMC10716722 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are new evidences that protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is widely involved in the progression of various diseases, but its effect is unclear on Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS). The main purpose of this study is to explore the regulatory effect of PRMT5 on pSS and its potential mechanisms. METHODS CD40L treated CD19 + B cells to construct a cell model of pSS. CCK-8 assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI kits were used to measure cell proliferation and apoptosis. ELISA assay was used to determine the contents of IL-6 and TNF-α in CD19 + B cells. And commercial kits were used to detect the levels of immunoglobins (IgG, IgM, and IgA) in CD40L-treated CD19 + B cells. And successfully constructed a pSS mouse model. RESULTS The results revealed an increase in the expression of PRMT5 in CD19 + B cells from patients with pSS. After CD40L treatment, the knockdown of PRMT5 prominently decreased cell viability, the production level of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA), and the content of IL-10, increased the content of IL-6 and IL-8, and promoted the apoptosis of pSS CD19 + B cells. Mechanistically, PRMT5 negatively regulated the RSAD2 and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Furthermore, overexpression of RSAD2 and p65 significantly rescued the effect of PRMT5 knockdown on proliferation, immunoglobin production and secreting cytokines in CD40L-treated CD19 + B cells. More importantly, inhibition of PRMT5 significantly inhibited the symptoms of pSS mice. CONCLUSIONS Low-expression of PRMT5 through inactivation of RSAD2/NF-κB signalling pathway alleviates the hyperactivity of B cells, which may provide theoretical basis and potential therapeutic targets for clinical treatment of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Department of RheumatologyGeneral Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of RheumatologyGeneral Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of RheumatologyGeneral Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of RheumatologyGeneral Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Tiantian Zhu
- Department of RheumatologyGeneral Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
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Zheng C, Chen J, Wu Y, Wang X, Lin Y, Shu L, Liu W, Wang P. Elucidating the role of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in osteoarthritis progression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1217466. [PMID: 37359559 PMCID: PMC10288844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1217466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is non-inflammatory degenerative joint arthritis, which exacerbates disability in elder persons. The molecular mechanisms of osteoarthritis are elusive. Ubiquitination, one type of post-translational modifications, has been demonstrated to accelerate or ameliorate the development and progression of osteoarthritis via targeting specific proteins for ubiquitination and determining protein stability and localization. Ubiquitination process can be reversed by a class of deubiquitinases via deubiquitination. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the multifaceted role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. We also describe the molecular insight of deubiquitinases into osteoarthritis processes. Moreover, we highlight the multiple compounds that target E3 ubiquitin ligases or deubiquitinases to influence osteoarthritis progression. We discuss the challenge and future perspectives via modulation of E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases expression for enhancement of the therapeutic efficacy in osteoarthritis patients. We conclude that modulating ubiquitination and deubiquitination could alleviate the osteoarthritis pathogenesis to achieve the better treatment outcomes in osteoarthritis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yurui Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaochao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongan Lin
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lilu Shu
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Zhongwei Medical Research Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Zhongwei Medical Research Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peter Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Zhongwei Medical Research Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Li X, Shen L, Deng Z, Huang Z. New treatment for osteoarthr: pbad014itis: Gene therapy. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2023; 6:pbad014. [PMID: 37333626 PMCID: PMC10273835 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a complex degenerative disease that affects the entire joint tissue. Currently, non-surgical treatments for osteoarthritis focus on relieving pain. While end-stage osteoarthritis can be treated with arthroplasty, the health and financial costs associated with surgery have forced the search for alternative non-surgical treatments to delay the progression of osteoarthritis and promote cartilage repair. Unlike traditional treatment, the gene therapy approach allows for long-lasting expression of therapeutic proteins at specific sites. In this review, we summarize the history of gene therapy in osteoarthritis, outlining the common expression vectors (non-viral, viral), the genes delivered (transcription factors, growth factors, inflammation-associated cytokines, non-coding RNAs) and the mode of gene delivery (direct delivery, indirect delivery). We highlight the application and development prospects of the gene editing technology CRISPR/Cas9 in osteoarthritis. Finally, we identify the current problems and possible solutions in the clinical translation of gene therapy for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Leyao Shen
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
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Zhang K, Li C, Sun J, Tian X. PRMT5 inhibition ameliorates inflammation and promotes the osteogenic differentiation of LPS‑induced periodontal stem cells via STAT3/NF‑κB signaling. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:264. [PMID: 37206565 PMCID: PMC10189754 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) serves a significant role in osteogenic differentiation and inflammatory response. Nevertheless, its role in periodontitis as well as its underlying mechanism remain to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of PRMT5 in periodontitis and whether PRMT5 could reduce liposaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and promote osteogenic differentiation through STAT3/NF-κB signaling. In the current study, the expression levels of PRMT5 were determined in LPS-induced hPDLSCs by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. ELISA and western blot analysis were employed to assess the secretion and expression levels of inflammatory factors, respectively. The osteogenic differentiation and mineralization potential of hPDLSCs were evaluated using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, Alizarin red staining and western blot analysis. Additionally, western blot analysis was applied to determine the expression levels of the STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins. The results showed that the expression levels of PRMT5 were significantly enhanced in LPS-induced hPDLSCs. Additionally, PRMT5 knockdown reduced the contents of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. PRMT5 depletion also enhanced ALP activity, improved the mineralization ability and upregulated bone morphogenetic protein 2, osteocalcin and runt-related transcription factor 2 in LPS-induced hPDLSCs. Furthermore, PRMT5 knockdown inhibited inflammation and promoted the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs via blocking the activation of the STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, PRMT5 inhibition suppressed LPS-induced inflammation and accelerated osteogenic differentiation in hPDLSCs via regulating STAT3/NF-κB signaling, thus providing a potential targeted therapy for the improvement of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Changshun Li
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobei Tian
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Xiaobei Tian, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 130 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
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Lafont JE, Moustaghfir S, Durand AL, Mallein-Gerin F. The epigenetic players and the chromatin marks involved in the articular cartilage during osteoarthritis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1070241. [PMID: 36733912 PMCID: PMC9887161 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1070241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics defines the modifications of the genome that do not involve a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. These modifications constitute a mechanism of gene regulation poorly explored in the context of cartilage physiology. They are now intensively studied by the scientific community working on articular cartilage and its related pathology such as osteoarthritis. Indeed, epigenetic regulations can control the expression of crucial gene in the chondrocytes, the only resident cells of cartilage. Some epigenetic changes are considered as a possible cause of the abnormal gene expression and the subsequent alteration of the chondrocyte phenotype (hypertrophy, proliferation, senescence…) as observed in osteoarthritic cartilage. Osteoarthritis is a joint pathology, which results in impaired extracellular matrix homeostasis and leads ultimately to the progressive destruction of cartilage. To date, there is no pharmacological treatment and the exact causes have yet to be defined. Given that the epigenetic modifying enzymes can be controlled by pharmacological inhibitors, it is thus crucial to describe the epigenetic marks that enable the normal expression of extracellular matrix encoding genes, and those associated with the abnormal gene expression such as degradative enzyme or inflammatory cytokines encoding genes. In this review, only the DNA methylation and histone modifications will be detailed with regard to normal and osteoarthritic cartilage. Although frequently referred as epigenetic mechanisms, the regulatory mechanisms involving microRNAs will not be discussed. Altogether, this review will show how this nascent field influences our understanding of the pathogenesis of OA in terms of diagnosis and how controlling the epigenetic marks can help defining epigenetic therapies.
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Shi Y, Shao J, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Lu H. Effect of condylar chondrocyte exosomes on condylar cartilage osteogenesis in rats under tensile stress. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1061855. [PMID: 36561044 PMCID: PMC9766957 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1061855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Functional orthoses are commonly used to treat skeletal Class II malocclusion, but the specific mechanism through which they do this has been a challenging topic in orthodontics. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effect of tensile stress on the osteogenic differentiation of condylar chondrocytes from an exosomal perspective. Methods: We cultured rat condylar chondrocytes under resting and tensile stress conditions and subsequently extracted cellular exosomes from them. We then screened miRNAs that were differentially expressed between the two exosome extracts by high-throughput sequencing and performed bioinformatics analysis and osteogenesis-related target gene prediction using the TargetScan and miRanda softwares. Exosomes cultured under resting and tensile stress conditions were co-cultured with condylar chondrocytes for 24 h to form the Control-Exo and Force-Exo exosome groups, respectively. Quantitative real time PCR(RT-qPCR) and western blotting were then used to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of Runx2 and Sox9 in condylar chondrocytes. Results: The mRNA and protein expression levels of Runx2 and Sox9 in the Force-Exo group were significantly higher than those in the Control-Exo group (p < 0.05). The differential miRNA expression results were consistent with our sequencing results. Bioinformatics analysis and target gene prediction results showed that the main biological processes and molecular functions involved in differential miRNA expression in exosomes under tensile stress were biological processes and protein binding, respectively. Kyoto Gene and Genome Data Bank (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed significant enrichment of differentially expressed miRNAs in the mTOR signaling pathway. The differentially expressed miRNAs were found to target osteogenesis-related genes. Conclusion: These results suggest that stimulation of rat condylar chondrocytes with tensile stress can alter the expression levels of certain miRNAs in their exosomes and promote their osteogenic differentiation. Exosomes under tensile stress culture conditions thus have potential applications in the treatment of Osteoarthritis (OA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Shao
- Department of Stomatology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Zanzan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianan Zhang
- Department of Dentistry, Center of Orthodontics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiping Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Haiping Lu,
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Phosphoproteomics reveals the BRAF-ERK1/2 axis as an important pathogenic signaling node in cartilage degeneration. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:1443-1454. [PMID: 36100125 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) causes gradual cellular alterations, structural anomalies and joint dysfunction. Progressive decline of chondrocyte function plays a vital role on OA pathogenesis. Although protein phosphorylation controls cartilage metabolism, its regulation mechanism in OA remains unclear. Thus, proteomic methods were used to investigate phosphorylation changes in preserved and OA articular cartilage samples, and to explore the intervention targets of phosphorylated kinase. METHODS Preserved (control) and lesioned (OA) cartilage samples from OA cases were assessed by phosphoproteomics. Immobilized metal affinity chromatography was performed for phosphopeptide enrichment. Quantitated phosphosites were comparatively assessed in the cartilage sample pair. Kinase-substrate enrichment analyses were carried out for identifying OA-related kinases. BRAF expression in cartilage tissues was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. The effects of BRAF inhibitor on cartilage degeneration were examined in mouse chondrocytes and OA mouse model. RESULTS High-sensitivity mass spectrometry-based proteomics revealed 7,471 peptides and 4,375 phosphorylated peptides differing between preserved and lesioned cartilage samples, which represented the significant alteration of kinase hubs and transduction pathways. Phosphoproteomics identified BRAF may be involved in developing OA. BRAF regulated the downstream ERK signaling pathway. In addition, BRAF was upregulated in human OA cartilage as shown by immunohistochemistry. Remarkably, BRAF inhibition alleviated cartilage degradation in a mouse model of OA through its downstream of ERK pathway activation. CONCLUSIONS Jointly, these findings provide an overview of phosphoproteomic alterations occurring during cartilage degeneration, identifying the BRAF-ERK1/2 Axis signaling as a potential signaling pathway involved in OA.
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12
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Zhang WY, Yuan Y, Zhang HY, He YM, Liu CL, Xu L, Yang BG, Ren HX, Wang GF, E GX. Genetic basis investigation of wattle phenotype in goat using genome-wide sequence data. Anim Genet 2022; 53:700-705. [PMID: 35748186 DOI: 10.1111/age.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In domestic goats, wattles often appear in even numbers, mostly on the neck and a few under the ear. Goat wattle is composed of ectopic cartilage tissue covered by skin and was reported as a dominant inheritance. Thirty-eight goats from two Southwest Chinese breeds were studied to elucidate the genetic basis of wattle phenotype in goat. Their genomes were sequenced for wide-genome selective sweep analysis (WGSA) and a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The WGSA results revealed 500 candidate genes identified by fixation index and π ratio and 261 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enriched with 195 genes and 38 significantly enriched KEGG items. In particular, three chondrogenesis-related pathways (Wnt, Hippo and MAPK signaling pathways) were found. Among the 500 genes, 474 were enriched to 2855 Gene Ontology items, and four (BMP2, BMP4, RARA and MSX1) were annotated in the regulation and development of chondrogenesis. Four chondrogenesis-related genes (GREM1, NEDD4, ATG7 and ITGA1) were identified from 519 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with a GWAS above the threshold. Six and 11 SNPs on chromosome 10 are located on GREM1 and NEDD4 respectively, and the highest numbers of SNPs on chromosomes 20 and 22 are located on ITGA1 and ATG7 respectively. All of these genes are related to cartilage development. This study identified a series of genes related to chondroplasia by GWAS and WGSA and presented the possibility that wattle inheritance may be influenced by multiple genes. This work provides a new theoretical understanding of the hereditary basis of wattle phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao-Yuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong-Meng He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng-Li Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bai-Gao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hang-Xing Ren
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Gao-Fu Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang-Xin E
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Yao B, Zhu S, Wei X, Chen MK, Feng Y, Li Z, Xu X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhou J, Tang N, Ji C, Jiang P, Zhao SC, Qin C, Feng N. The circSPON2/miR-331-3p axis regulates PRMT5, an epigenetic regulator of CAMK2N1 transcription and prostate cancer progression. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:119. [PMID: 35624451 PMCID: PMC9137111 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01598-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men, and its mechanism remains poorly understood. Therefore, it is urgent to discover potential novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets that can potentially facilitate the development of efficient anticancer strategies. METHODS A series of functional in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the biological behaviors of PCa cells. RNA pulldown, Western blot, luciferase reporter, immunohistochemistry and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were applied to dissect the detailed underlying mechanisms. High-throughput sequencing was performed to screen for differentially expressed circRNAs in PCa and adjacent normal tissues. RESULTS Upregulation of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is associated with poor progression-free survival and the activation of multiple signaling pathways in PCa. PRMT5 inhibits the transcription of CAMK2N1 by depositing the repressive histone marks H4R3me2s and H3R8me2s on the proximal promoter region of CAMK2N1, and results in malignant progression of PCa both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the expression of circSPON2, a candidate circRNA in PCa tissues identified by RNA-seq, was found to be associated with poor clinical outcomes in PCa patients. Further results showed that circSPON2 induced PCa cell proliferation and migration, and that the circSPON2-induced effects were counteracted by miR-331-3p. Particularly, circSPON2 acted as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-331-3p to attenuate the repressive effects of miR-331-3p on its downstream target PRMT5. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that the epigenetic regulator PRMT5 aggravates PCa progression by inhibiting the transcription of CAMK2N1 and is modulated by the circSPON2/miR-331-3p axis, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target for patients with aggressive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Sha Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiyi Wei
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ming-Kun Chen
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510500, China
| | - Yangkun Feng
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jingwan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ningyuan Tang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chengjian Ji
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Shan-Chao Zhao
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510500, China. .,Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Chao Qin
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China. .,Wuxi Clinical College, Nantong University, Wuxi, 214002, China.
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14
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Srour N, Khan S, Richard S. The Influence of Arginine Methylation in Immunity and Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2939-2958. [PMID: 35602664 PMCID: PMC9114649 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s364190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploration in the field of epigenetics has revealed that protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) contribute to disease, and this has given way to the development of specific small molecule compounds that inhibit arginine methylation. Protein arginine methylation is known to regulate fundamental cellular processes, such as transcription; pre-mRNA splicing and other RNA processing mechanisms; signal transduction, including the anti-viral response; and cellular metabolism. PRMTs are also implicated in the regulation of physiological processes, including embryonic development, myogenesis, and the immune system. Finally, the dysregulation of PRMTs is apparent in cancer, neurodegeneration, muscular disorders, and during inflammation. Herein, we review the functions of PRMTs in immunity and inflammation. We also discuss recent progress with PRMTs regarding the modulation of gene expression related to T and B lymphocyte differentiation, germinal center dynamics, and anti-viral signaling responses, as well as the clinical relevance of using PRMT inhibitors alone or in combination with other drugs to treat cancer, immune, and inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivine Srour
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, and Departments of Biochemistry, Human Genetics, and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Sarah Khan
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, and Departments of Biochemistry, Human Genetics, and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Stephane Richard
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, and Departments of Biochemistry, Human Genetics, and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Correspondence: Stephane Richard, Email
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15
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Inhibition of PRMT5 Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Infammation and Pyroptosis Through Suppression of NF-κB/NLRP3 Axis. Neurosci Lett 2022; 776:136576. [PMID: 35278646 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein methylation is a prevalent post-translational modification after cerebral ischemia. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a type of methyltransferase enzyme that can catalyse the formation of methylated residues on histones and non-histone proteins. Accumulating evidence suggested that PRMT5 might play a carcinogenic role in various cancers. However, the role of PRMT5 in cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unclear. In this project, middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model in mice and oxygen-glucose deprivation/ reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were utilized to mimic disease state of cerebral I/R. We found that expression of inflammatory-related factors [Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6)] and pyroptotic-related factor [N-term cleaved Gasdermin-D (GSDMD-N)] were up-regulated in both MCAO/R mice and OGD/R SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, both in vivo and in vitro, PRMT5 was aberrantly upregulated during cerebral I/R. However, these alterations induced by I/R were blocked by PRMT5 inhibitor LLY-283, and enhanced by overexpression of PRMT5. Furthermore, rescue experiment proved that PRMT5 plays a pro-inflammatory and pro-pyroptotic role by activating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domainlike receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) axis. Finally, we observed that treatment of LLY-283 alleviated neurological deficits and reduced infarct volume in the MCAO/R mice. Taken together, PRMT5 may be a potential therapeutic target for cerebral I/R injury.
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16
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Liang Z, Wen C, Jiang H, Ma S, Liu X. Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 Functions via Interacting Proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:725301. [PMID: 34513846 PMCID: PMC8432624 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.725301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are involved in such biological processes as transcription regulation, DNA repair, RNA splicing, and signal transduction, etc. In this study, we mainly focused on PRMT5, a member of the type II PRMTs, which functions mainly alongside other interacting proteins. PRMT5 has been shown to be overexpressed in a wide variety of cancers and other diseases, and is involved in the regulation of Epstein-Barr virus infection, viral carcinogenesis, spliceosome, hepatitis B, cell cycles, and various signaling pathways. We analyzed the regulatory roles of PRMT5 and interacting proteins in various biological processes above-mentioned, to elucidate for the first time the interaction between PRMT5 and its interacting proteins. This systemic analysis will enrich the biological theory and contribute to the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,NHC Key Lab of Radiobiology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chaowei Wen
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Heya Jiang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shumei Ma
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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17
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DNA or Protein Methylation-Dependent Regulation of Activator Protein-1 Function. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020461. [PMID: 33670008 PMCID: PMC7926996 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation and modification govern the transcriptional mechanisms that promote disease initiation and progression, but can also control the oncogenic processes, cell signaling networks, immunogenicity, and immune cells involved in anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor responses. The study of epigenetic mechanisms could have important implications for the development of potential anti-inflammatory treatments and anti-cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we have described the key role of epigenetic progression: DNA methylation, histone methylation or modification, and protein methylation, with an emphasis on the activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling pathway. Transcription factor AP-1 regulates multiple genes and is involved in diverse cellular processes, including survival, differentiation, apoptosis, and development. Here, the AP-1 regulatory mechanism by DNA, histone, or protein methylation was also reviewed. Various methyltransferases activate or suppress AP-1 activities in diverse ways. We summarize the current studies on epigenetic alterations, which regulate AP-1 signaling during inflammation, cancer, and autoimmune diseases, and discuss the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of AP-1 signaling.
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18
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Angarola BL, Anczuków O. Splicing alterations in healthy aging and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2021. [PMID: 33565261 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1643.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alternative RNA splicing is a key step in gene expression that allows generation of numerous messenger RNA transcripts encoding proteins of varied functions from the same gene. It is thus a rich source of proteomic and functional diversity. Alterations in alternative RNA splicing are observed both during healthy aging and in a number of human diseases, several of which display premature aging phenotypes or increased incidence with age. Age-associated splicing alterations include differential splicing of genes associated with hallmarks of aging, as well as changes in the levels of core spliceosomal genes and regulatory splicing factors. Here, we review the current known links between alternative RNA splicing, its regulators, healthy biological aging, and diseases associated with aging or aging-like phenotypes. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga Anczuków
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.,Institute for Systems Genomics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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19
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Angarola BL, Anczuków O. Splicing alterations in healthy aging and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2021; 12:e1643. [PMID: 33565261 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alternative RNA splicing is a key step in gene expression that allows generation of numerous messenger RNA transcripts encoding proteins of varied functions from the same gene. It is thus a rich source of proteomic and functional diversity. Alterations in alternative RNA splicing are observed both during healthy aging and in a number of human diseases, several of which display premature aging phenotypes or increased incidence with age. Age-associated splicing alterations include differential splicing of genes associated with hallmarks of aging, as well as changes in the levels of core spliceosomal genes and regulatory splicing factors. Here, we review the current known links between alternative RNA splicing, its regulators, healthy biological aging, and diseases associated with aging or aging-like phenotypes. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga Anczuków
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.,Institute for Systems Genomics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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