ADIPOQ and IL6 variants are associated with a pro-inflammatory status in obeses with cardiometabolic dysfunction

Profiles of cardiometabolic risk and acculturation indicators among South Asians in the US: latent class analysis of the MASALA study

Background

South Asians (SA) represent the fastest growing US immigrant group, and previous studies have indicated that they face disproportionately high burden of cardiometabolic disease. Cardiometabolic disease manifests as a syndemic or synergistic epidemic encompassing multiple disease clusters influenced by biological, social, and psychological factors stemming from the acculturative process. This process may exacerbate morbidity within immigrant subgroups. Our aim was to identify cardiometabolic risk profiles among SA using indicators of acculturation.

Methods

We conducted a latent class analysis on data from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America study (N=771). A composite cardiometabolic disease outcome was constructed using prevalent hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and body mass index. Acculturation indicators included years living in the US, English language proficiency, dietary behaviors, preservation of cultural traditions, social and neighborhood support, maintenance of social relationships (i.e., friendships), and experiences of discrimination, along with proxies of acculturative stress (i.e., depressive symptomology, trait anxiety and anger). Social and environmental determinants of health, health behaviors, religiosity and spirituality served as covariates to further assess latent class membership.

Results

Four cardiometabolic risk profiles emerged: (1) lowest risk [73.8% of sample] characterized by high integration into both SA and US cultures; (2) the modest risk [13.4% of sample], exhibiting elevated levels of mental health distress and experiences of discrimination, and distancing themselves from both cultures; and the (3) moderate risk [8.9% of sample] and (4) highest risk [3.9% of sample], demonstrating greater assimilation into US culture. Compared to the lowest risk profile: the modest risk profile was associated with low-income and conflicting attitudes about religion/spirituality, while the moderate risk profile was characterized by lower income and educational attainment with positive behaviors and attitudes toward religion/spirituality.

Conclusion

Findings expand our understanding of immigrant cardiometabolic health as a syndemic issue wherein multiple co-occurring and interacting processes synergize to produce negative outcomes in already at-risk subpopulations. Furthermore, acculturation emerges as a crucial factor in understanding health disparities among immigrant and refugee groups in the US.

Association of ADIPOQ-rs2241766 and FTO-rs9939609 genetic variants with body mass index trajectory in women of reproductive age over 6 years of follow-up: the PREDI study

BACKGROUND

Interindividual variations in body mass index (BMI) can be partially explained by genetic differences. We aimed to examine the association of the ADIPOQ-rs2241766, LEP-rs7799039 and FTO-rs9939609 genetic variants with BMI trajectory in women of reproductive age over 6 years of follow-up.

METHODS

This was a prospective study that used data from 435 women of the PREDI Study conducted in Brazil. Socioeconomic, biological and anthropometric data were collected at four time points: 2012 (baseline) in the maternity hospital, and 2013-14, 2016-17 and 2018 (1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd follow-ups) at the participant's home. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP. Linear mixed-effect and Poisson regression models were used to address the association of ADIPOQ, LEP and FTO genotypes with BMI and overweight/obesity status.

RESULTS

Women carrying the risk allele (TA or AA) of the FTO-rs9939609 genetic variant had a 1.16 kg/m² higher BMI over the follow-up period than those carrying the wild-type genotype (TT), even when adjusted for potential confounders (95% CI: 0.23-2.10, p = 0.015). The risk of obesity associated with the FTO-TA or AA genotype decreased over the years, demonstrating an influence of time on its trajectory (IRR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-0.99, p = 0.016). There was no variation in BMI trajectories for the ADIPOQ-rs2241766, LEP-rs7799039 or FTO-rs9939609 genetic variant.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study suggest that monitoring women of reproductive age with ADIPOQ-rs2241766 TG/GG or FTO-rs9939609 TA/AA genotypes may be an important strategy to reduce maternal excess body weight and, consequently, the long-term public health burden of obesity.

Associations of the Polymorphisms in ADIPOQ with Circulating Levels of Adiponectin and Lipids: A Meta-Analysis

The relationships between the rs266729, rs1501299, and rs2241766 polymorphisms in adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) and circulating levels of adiponectin and lipids remain to be clarified. Databases including PubMed and Embase were searched for eligible studies. The random-effects model was used, and standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to estimate the differences in circulating levels of adiponectin and lipids between the subjects with different genotypes. A total of 12 810, 17 319, and 21 361 subjects were identified in the analyses for the rs266729, rs1501299, and rs2241766 polymorphisms, respectively. G allele carriers of the rs266729 polymorphism had lower levels of adiponectin (SMD=-0.28, 95% CI=-0.43 to-0.12) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (SMD=-0.10, 95% CI=-0.17 to-0.02) than CC homozygotes; T allele carriers of the rs1501299 polymorphism had higher levels of adiponectin (SMD=0.21, 95% CI=0.05 to 0.36) and HDL-C (SMD=0.09, 95% CI=0.04 to 0.15) and lower levels of triglycerides (SMD=-0.06, 95% CI=-0.12 to-0.01) than GG homozygotes; G allele carriers of the rs2241766 polymorphism had lower levels of adiponectin (SMD=-0.18, 95% CI=-0.31 to-0.05) and HDL-C (SMD=-0.12, 95% CI=-0.20 to-0.04) than TT homozygotes. This meta-analysis suggests that the rs266729, rs1501299, and rs2241766 polymorphisms of ADIPOQ are significantly associated with circulating levels of adiponectin and lipids, which may partly explain the associations between these polymorphisms and coronary artery disease.

High serum miR-421 is associated with metabolic dysregulation and inflammation in patients with metabolic syndrome

Aim: To explore the association of circulating miRNAs with adiposity, metabolic status and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: Serum levels of 372 miRNAs were measured in patients with (n = 6) and without MetS (n = 6) by quantitative PCR array, and dysregulated miRNAs were validated in a larger cohort (MetS, n = 89; non-MetS, n = 144). Results: In the screening study, seven miRNAs were dysregulated in patients with MetS, and miR-421 remained increased in the validation study. miR-421 was associated with a high risk of MetS and insulin resistance and hypertension and correlated with glycated hemoglobin, triacylglycerols, high-sensitivity CRP, IL-6, resistin and adiponectin (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Circulating miR-421 is a potential biomarker for insulin resistance, metabolic dysregulation and inflammatory status in patients with MetS.

Association between carriers of the G allele of the + 45T> G variant of the ADIPOQ gene (rs 2241766) and the cardiometabolic profile in sickle cell trait

AIMS

investigate the association between the +45T > G variant of the ADIPOQ gene and the metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with sickle cell trait (SCT). 33 patients with SCT and 35 control group participated in the study. Lower levels of HDL and adiponectin were observed in patients with G allele and sickle cell trait. There were no differences between the prevalence of MS between the groups and there was no association between the +45T > G variant of the ADIPOQ gene and MS risk allele.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Participants with and without sickle cell anemia answered a questionnaire, performed anthropometric and laboratory analyzes. They were genotyped for the +45T > G variant of the ADIPOQ gene and evaluated for the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UNIPAMPA (RS/Brazil).

KEY FINDINGS

The GG + TG genetic model, it was associated with lower levels of adiponectin and HDL cholesterol in the SCT group. There was no association between the other studied markers and MS.

SIGNIFICANCE

For the first time, an association was demonstrated between the G allele of the +45T > G variant of the ADIPOQ gene and a worse cardiometabolic profile (lower serum concentrations of adiponectin and HDL cholesterol) in patients with sickle cell trait.

Peripheral Blood miRome Identified miR-155 as Potential Biomarker of MetS and Cardiometabolic Risk in Obese Patients

This study explored circulating miRNAs and target genes associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiometabolic risk in obese patients. Small-RNA sequencing was used to assess the peripheral blood miRNome of 12 obese subjects (6 MetS and 6 non-MetS). Differentially expressed miRNAs and target genes were further analyzed by qPCR in a larger sample of obese patients (48 MetS and 32 non-MetS). miRNA:mRNA interactions were studied using in silico tools. miRNome analysis identified 10 downregulated miRNAs in MetS compared to non-Met patients (p < 0.05). In silico studies revealed three miRNAs (miR-155, miR-181a, and let-7a) and their predictive targets (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta-CEBPB, KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase-KRAS and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1-SOCS1) with a potential role in the insulin receptor signaling pathway. miR-155 expression was reduced and CEBPB mRNA levels were increased in MetS patients (p < 0.05), and these effects were correlated with the number of MetS diagnostic criteria (p < 0.05). Increased HOMA-IR (>7.6) was associated with low miR-155 levels, high CEBPB expression, and serum hsCRP (p < 0.05). miR-155 was negatively correlated with CEBPB, HOMA-IR, and plasma fibrinogen, and positively correlated with serum adiponectin (p < 0.05). Downregulation of circulating miR-155 is associated with insulin resistance, poor glycemic control, and increased MetS-related cardiometabolic risk, and these effects are potentially mediated by interaction with CEBPB.

Interactions Between Diet Quality and Interleukin-6 Genotypes Are Associated With Metabolic and Renal Function Parameters in Mexican Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction between diet quality and interleukin (IL)-6 genotypes and its association with metabolic and renal function parameters in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

DESIGN AND METHODS

Using an analytical cross-sectional design, 219 patients with T2DM (92 men; age 62 ± 10 years) were evaluated for selected metabolic and renal function parameters. Diet quality according to the Healthy Eating Index was evaluated and classified as good diet or poor diet in all patients. IL-6 serum concentrations and genotypes and haplotypes for IL6-597G > A (rs180097), -572G > C (rs180096), and -174G > C (rs180095) polymorphisms were determined.

RESULTS

Eighty-two percent of patients reported having a poor diet. Carriers of alleles -572C and -174C showed higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (44 ± 12 vs. 40 ± 9 mg/dL; P = .01) and lower total cholesterol levels (184 ± 33 vs. 197 ± 42 mg/dL; P = .03) than did those homozygous for G/G. Neither IL6 genotypes nor haplotypes were significantly associated with serum concentrations of IL-6. Some significant interactions between IL6 genotypes/haplotypes and diet quality were associated with body mass index, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and estimated glomerular filtration rate.

CONCLUSIONS

Interactions between diet quality and IL6 genotypes/haplotypes were associated with the main metabolic and renal function parameters in Mexican patients with T2DM. It will be important to consider genetic profiles in designing dietary portfolios and nutritional interventions for the management of such patients.

Association between -174G>C polymorphism in the IL-6 promoter region and the risk of obesity: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Many researchers have suggested that the -174G>C polymorphism in the interleukin-6 (IL-6) promoter region contributes to the risk of obesity; however, this hypothesis is still inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to combine the data from several studies to arrive at a conclusion regarding the association between -174G>C polymorphism and the risk of obesity.

METHODS

The PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to February 20, 2018. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity were also performed.

RESULTS

Ten eligible studies involving 7210 cases were performed to identify the association strength. The association strength was measured by the ORs and 95% CIs. By pooling the eligible studies, we found a significant association between the -174G>C polymorphism and obesity risk (C vs G: OR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.08-1.74; Pheterogeneity < .01). Overall, individuals with the variant CC (OR = 1.58; 95% CI, 1.09-2.28; Pheterogeneity < 0.01) and GC/CC (OR = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.13-2.29; Pheterogeneity < .01) were associated with a significantly increased risk of obesity.

CONCLUSION

The meta-analysis results suggested that the polymorphism -174G>C in the IL-6 promoter region was associated with a significantly increased risk of obesity.

Biomarkers and Gene Polymorphisms in Members of Long- and Short-lived Families: A Longevity Study

Background

The influence of biomarkers in human lifespan has been investigated but with no clear results yet.

Materials and methods

Lipids, Uric Acid (UA), Adiponectin (ADIPOQ), Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) proteins, as well as CETP, ADIPOQ, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) and ACE-gene polymorphisms were evaluated in 149 Greek individuals. The Long-Lived Families (LON) (n=84) comprised of 3 generations: long-lived aged ≥90 years (P), offspring (FL1) and their grandchildren (FL2), while the Short-Lived Families (EAD) (n=65) where both parents died <75 years, comprised of 2 generations: middle-aged (FD1) and children (FD2).

Results

Serum CETP and IGF-1 levels were lower, whereas AdipoQ concentrations were higher in P compared with FL1 and FL2 members (CETP: p = 0.03 for both comparisons; IGF-1 p < 0.001 for both comparisons and ADIPOQ: p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). Furthermore, serum triglycerides, UA and glucose concentrations were higher in FD1 compared with FD2 subjects (p=0.001, 0.02 and ≤0.001, respectively). In FD2 and FL2, CETP levels were lower in individuals with B2B2 compared with B1B1 genotype (p=0.007). Additionally, ACE concentrations were higher in individuals with DD compared with II genotype in both Families (p=0.001). After adjustment for age and gender, CETP levels were lower in P and FL2 individuals with B2B2 compared with the B1B1 genotype (p=0.004 and 0.007, respectively).

Conclusion

Increase serum TGs, UA and GL concentrations were higher in the middle-aged individuals compared with their children in families independently of their lifespan. The serum adiponectin concentration was the highest in the oldest old individuals implying beneficial influence on lifespan. Independently of family's lifespan history, the youngest individuals with CETPB2B2 genotype, compared with individuals with CETPB1B1 genotypes, had lower serum CETP concentrations. The knowledge of the unfavourable gene(s)influencing human lifespan may be helpful in encouraging individuals to follow healthier lifestyle habits and better control their high-risk biomarkers.