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Chen Y, Hou L, Khalid AK, Robertson ID, Zhao Y, Chen X, Guo A. Individual- and Herd-Level Milk ELISA Test Status and Incidence for Paratuberculosis in Hubei Province, China. Vet Sci 2024; 11:202. [PMID: 38787174 PMCID: PMC11125760 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is responsible for the persistent infectious illness known as bovine paratuberculosis, which is one of the most easily overlooked diseases in China amid a lack of epidemiological data. In this study, we evaluated the agreement of milk and blood antibody tests for paratuberculosis and showed an overall agreement of 92.0%, with a 95.0% negative coincidence rate and a 78.6% positive coincidence rate. The milk test was then used to examine the prevalence and incidence of dairy cows in Hubei Province, China. We found that, at the individual level, the highest lacto-prevalence reached up to 22.9%; the farm-level prevalence was as high as 92.3% (12/13) and 84.6% (11/13) in January and April 2018, respectively. The total incidence risk of all farms was 6% per three months. We also found that large-scale farms had a significantly lower prevalence and incidence than small-scale farms. Finally, the correlation between paratuberculosis and milk quality was evaluated, and we confirmed that MAP can significantly alter milk quality and raise somatic cell counts in the milk. This study provides valuable information for assessing the prevalence and incidence risk of paratuberculosis in China. It further provides an essential basis for calling for the prevention and control of paratuberculosis in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.C.); (L.H.); (A.K.K.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
- National Animal Tuberculosis Para-Reference Laboratory (Wuhan), Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Liyue Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.C.); (L.H.); (A.K.K.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Abdul Karim Khalid
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.C.); (L.H.); (A.K.K.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Ian Duncan Robertson
- National Animal Tuberculosis Para-Reference Laboratory (Wuhan), Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Yuhao Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.C.); (L.H.); (A.K.K.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Xi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.C.); (L.H.); (A.K.K.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
- National Animal Tuberculosis Para-Reference Laboratory (Wuhan), Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Aizhen Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.C.); (L.H.); (A.K.K.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
- National Animal Tuberculosis Para-Reference Laboratory (Wuhan), Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
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Lu N, Niu YL, Song Y, Zhang DD, Jiang J, Wei J, Geng HL, Cao H. Prevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Vet Med 2023; 220:106043. [PMID: 37890218 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.106043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Bovine paratuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Here, a systematic literature review was conducted to investigate the bovine paratuberculosis distribution and associated risk factors in China before 2022. The databases CNKI, VIP, WanFang, PubMed, and ScienceDirect were used to search for articles. The random effect model of the "Meta" package of "R" software was used, and the Arcsine transformation was chosen for the rate conversion analysis. To reveal the factors that led to research heterogeneity, the research data were used for subgroup analysis and univariate meta-regression analysis. Among the 1238 identified articles, 54 met the eligibility criteria. Based on data obtained from the selected articles, the combined positive rate of bovine paratuberculosis was 6.95% in China. In the sampling year subgroup, the positive rate of bovine paratuberculosis before 2013 was 4.94%, which was lower than in other time periods. In the sampling season subgroup, the highest positive rate of bovine paratuberculosis in cattle was 14.60% in the autumn. Furthermore, in the detection method subgroup, the highest positive rate of bovine paratuberculosis was 7.21%, which was detected by using ELISA. In the age subgroup, the positive rate of bovine paratuberculosis was 17.47% in cattle > 12 months old, significantly higher than other age subgroups. The highest positive rate of bovine paratuberculosis was 11.35% for female cattle in the gender subgroup, while in the geographic region subgroup, the highest positive rate was 8.12% for East China, which was significantly higher than in other regions. The highest positive rate of bovine paratuberculosis was for dairy cattle (8.00%), and the highest positive rate by rearing method was 11.03% for non-scale farming. The effects of different geographical and climatic factors on the positive rate of bovine paratuberculosis were evaluated. In summary, we recommend focusing on screening cattle infected with MAP in warm and humid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng, Jilin Province 137000, PR China
| | - Ya-Ling Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng, Jilin Province 137000, PR China
| | - Yang Song
- School of Life Sciences, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng, Jilin Province 137000, PR China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng, Jilin Province 137000, PR China
| | - Jing Jiang
- College of Life Science, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Shuangyang, Jilin Province 130600, PR China.
| | - Jiaqi Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province 224002, PR China
| | - Hong-Li Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, PR China.
| | - Hongwei Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province 224002, PR China.
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Yu Y, Zhang S, Xu G, Xu D, Zheng H, Li B, Shen K, Fu L. Identification of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in sheep farms in Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia, China (short communication). BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:281. [PMID: 35842628 PMCID: PMC9287916 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paratuberculosis is a widespread chronic infection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) that causes significant economic losses to the sheep industry. The current study investigated this disease, which causes diarrhea in sheep, particularly, in Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia, China. Diagnosis was based on clinical symptoms, pathological autopsy, histopathological inspection, and serological and molecular methods. RESULTS MAP was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction using DNA extracted from tissue and fecal samples. Serum samples from 472 individual sheep were obtained to detect antibodies against MAP using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MAP antibodies were separately detected in 17.86% (35/196) and 18.48% (51/276) of sheep herds at approximately 6 months and ≥ 1 year of age, respectively. The tissue lesion and pathological section results were consistent with paratuberculosis infection. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis seroprevalence in Bayannaoer sheep in Inner Mongolia. Our findings show that MAP is not only prevalent, but also a potential threat to this region. Further investigations, including long-term epidemiological surveillance and isolation are needed for the awareness and effective treatment of paratuberculosis in sheep of Inner Mongolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuandi Yu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Research Center of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, 51 Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, ChongQing, 402460, China
| | - Suhui Zhang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Research Center of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, 51 Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, ChongQing, 402460, China
| | - Guoyang Xu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Research Center of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, 51 Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, ChongQing, 402460, China
| | - Dengfeng Xu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Research Center of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, 51 Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, ChongQing, 402460, China
| | - Hua Zheng
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Research Center of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, 51 Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, ChongQing, 402460, China
| | - Bo Li
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Research Center of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, 51 Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, ChongQing, 402460, China
| | - Kefei Shen
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Research Center of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, 51 Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, ChongQing, 402460, China.
| | - Lizhi Fu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Research Center of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, 51 Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, ChongQing, 402460, China.
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Zhao L, Wang Y, Wang JL, Zhao WH, Cheng HX, Ma YM, Chai HL, Zhang ZS, Wang LF, Miao ZQ, Ding YL, Sulijid J, Dang GH, Liu SY, Wang FL, Liu SG, Liu YH. Serological investigation and genotyping of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in sheep and goats in Inner Mongolia, China. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256628. [PMID: 34492040 PMCID: PMC8423245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis a contagious and chronic disease in domestic and wild ruminants, is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Typical clinical signs include intractable diarrhea, progressive emaciation, proliferative enteropathy, and mesenteric lymphadenitis. Paratuberculosis is endemic to many parts of the world and responsible for considerable economic losses. In this study, different types of paratuberculosis and MAP in sheep and goats were investigated in Inner Mongolia, a northern province in China contiguous with two countries and eight other provinces. A total of 4434 serum samples were collected from six cities in the western, central, and eastern regions of Inner Mongolia and analyzed using the ELISA test. In addition, tissue samples were collected from seven animals that were suspected to be infected with MAP. Finally, these tissues samples were analyzed by histopathological examination followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), IS1311 PCR-restriction enzyme analysis (PCR-REA), and a sequence analysis of five genes. Among all 4434 ruminant serum samples collected from the six cities in the western, central, and eastern regions of Inner Mongolia, 7.60% (337/4434) measured positive for the MAP antibody. The proportions of positive MAP antibody results for serum samples collected in the western, central, and eastern regions were 5.10% (105/2058), 6.63% (85/1282), and 13.44% (147/1094), respectively. For the seven suspected infected animals selected from the herd with the highest rate of positivity, the gross pathology and histopathology of the necropsied animals were found to be consistent with the pathological features of paratuberculosis. The PCR analysis further confirmed the diagnosis of paratuberculosis. The rest of the results demonstrated that herds of sheep and goats in Inner Mongolia were infected with both MAP type II and type III. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the two subtypes of MAP strains in sheep and goats in Inner Mongolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, China
| | - Jin-Ling Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hui-Xin Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yi-Min Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hai-Liang Chai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhan-Sheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Li-Feng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zeng-Qiang Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yu-Lin Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, China
| | - Jirintai Sulijid
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, China
| | - Guang-Hui Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shu-Ying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, China
| | - Feng-Long Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, China
| | - Si-Guo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Hong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, China
- * E-mail:
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5
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Bhat AM, Malik HU, Chaubey KK, Hussain T, Mir AQ, Nabi SU, Gupta S, Singh SV. Bio-typing of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis isolates recovered from the Himalayan sheep and goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:237. [PMID: 33791865 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Information on bio-type profile of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratubeculosis (MAP) in sheep flocks and goat herds of Himalayan region is not reported earlier. The aim of our study was to determine the bio-type of MAP infecting livestock of this region. A total of 71 faecal samples (sheep-57, goats-14) were screened by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining and IS900 PCR, and then processed for culture on Herrold's egg yolk medium (HEYM) having mycobactin J (MJ). Out of 71 faecal samples, MAP colonies were seen only in four samples (sheep-3 and goat-1). Isolates were confirmed as MAP on the basis of slow growth, acid fastness, MJ dependency, IS900 and IS1311 PCR. All the IS900 and IS1311 PCR positive samples were bio-typed by IS1311 PCR-REA (restriction endonuclease analysis), which confirmed all four isolates as 'bison type.' In IS1311 based phylogeny of MAP isolates by ClustalW method of the MegAlign program of DNASTAR Lasergene software, the four sequences of MAP isolates (NCBI sequence nos. MH988763, MH988765, MH988766 and MH988764) did not show any distinct clustering/grouping pattern. However, these four isolates showed a bit of closeness to the MAP sequences (KC990353.1 and KC990352.1) of 'bison type' isolated from wood bison in Canada. In conclusion, this is the first report on isolation and bio-type profile of MAP infecting sheep and goats of Himalayan region. Study will help in devising prevention and control strategies against spread of MAP infection in livestock population of Himalayan region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Majid Bhat
- Division of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. .,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
| | - Hamid Ullah Malik
- Division of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Kundan Kumar Chaubey
- Microbiology Lab, Animal Health Division, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Mathura, U.P., India.,Mountain Research Centre for Sheep and Goats, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Tufail Hussain
- Division of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abdul Qayoom Mir
- Mountain Research Centre for Sheep and Goats, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Showkat Un Nabi
- Division of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Microbiology Lab, Animal Health Division, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Mathura, U.P., India.,Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, U.P., India
| | - Shoor Vir Singh
- Microbiology Lab, Animal Health Division, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Mathura, U.P., India.,Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, U.P., India
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Characteristics and Epidemiological Investigation of Paratuberculosis in Dairy Cattle in Tai'an, China. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3896754. [PMID: 32258119 PMCID: PMC7094201 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3896754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Paratuberculosis, a chronic and sometimes fatal disease of ruminants, is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). In this study, we examined paratuberculosis cases among 2-4-year-old dairy cows at farms in Shandong Province, China. Paratuberculosis cases were diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, pathological autopsy, and histopathological inspection. Characteristics of paratuberculosis in the affected dairy cattle included poor body condition, persistent diarrhea, subcutaneous edema, granulomatous ileitis (multibacillary), mesenteric lymphadenitis, and hepatitis. Acid-fast bacilli from fecal specimens and lymphocytes were putatively identified as MAP based on Ziehl-Neelsen staining, then confirmed using polymerase chain reaction-based testing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analyses. Overall, only one MAP strain was isolated from a herd with symptomatic diarrhea. However, analysis of 586 serum samples from nine herds in Tai'an City revealed that 66.7% of herds and 14.2% of animals were seropositive for MAP. Our findings suggest that paratuberculosis is widely prevalent and therefore a significant threat to the dairy industry in Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China.
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Nilotinib: A Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Mediates Resistance to Intracellular Mycobacterium Via Regulating Autophagy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050506. [PMID: 31130711 PMCID: PMC6562972 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nilotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been studied extensively in various tumor models; however, no information exists about the pharmacological action of nilotinib in bacterial infections. Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) are the etiological agents of bovine tuberculosis and Johne's disease, respectively. Although M. bovis and MAP cause distinct tissue tropism, both of them infect, reside, and replicate in mononuclear phagocytic cells of the infected host. Autophagy is an innate immune defense mechanism for the control of intracellular bacteria, regulated by diverse signaling pathways. Here we demonstrated that nilotinib significantly inhibited the intracellular survival and growth of M. bovis and MAP in macrophages by modulating host immune responses. We showed that nilotinib induced autophagic degradation of intracellular mycobacterium occurred via the inhibition of PI3k/Akt/mTOR axis mediated by abelson (c-ABL) tyrosine kinase. In addition, we observed that nilotinib promoted ubiquitin accumulation around M. bovis through activation of E3 ubiquitin ligase parkin. From in-vivo experiments, we found that nilotinib effectively controlled M. bovis growth and survival through enhanced parkin activity in infected mice. Altogether, our data showed that nilotinib regulates protective innate immune responses against intracellular mycobacterium, both in-vitro and in-vivo, and can be exploited as a novel therapeutic remedy for the control of M. bovis and MAP infections.
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Zhao G, Wang H, Hou P, He C, He H. Rapid visual detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:242-250. [PMID: 29284204 PMCID: PMC5879072 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.2.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) is a chronic debilitating disease of domestic and wild ruminants. However, widespread point-of-care testing is infrequent due to the lack of a robust method. The isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) technique has applied for rapid diagnosis. Herein, RPA combined with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) assay was developed to estimate DNA from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. First, analytical specificity and sensitivity of the RPA-nfo primer and probe sets were assessed. The assay successfully detected M. paratuberculosis DNA in 30 min at 39℃ with a detection limit of up to eight copies per reaction, which was equivalent to that of the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. The assay was specific, as it did not amplify genomes from five other Mycobacterium spp. or five pathogenic enteric bacteria. Six hundred-twelve clinical samples (320 fecal and 292 serum) were assessed by RPA-LFD, qPCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The RPA-LFD assay yielded 100% sensitivity, 97.63% specificity, and 98.44% concordance rate with the qPCR results. This is the first report utilizing an RPA-LFD assay to visualize and rapidly detect M. paratuberculosis. Our results show this assay should be a useful method for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis in resource-constrained settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.,Ruminant Disease Research Center, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.,Ruminant Disease Research Center, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Peili Hou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.,Ruminant Disease Research Center, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Chengqiang He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.,Ruminant Disease Research Center, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hongbin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.,Ruminant Disease Research Center, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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Hussain T, Zhao D, Shah SZA, Wang J, Yue R, Liao Y, Sabir N, Yang L, Zhou X. MicroRNA 27a-3p Regulates Antimicrobial Responses of Murine Macrophages Infected by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis by Targeting Interleukin-10 and TGF-β-Activated Protein Kinase 1 Binding Protein 2. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1915. [PMID: 29375563 PMCID: PMC5768609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) persistently survive and replicate in mononuclear phagocytic cells by adopting various strategies to subvert host immune response. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) upregulation via inhibition of macrophage bactericidal activity is a critical step for MAP survival and pathogenesis within the host cell. Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 signaling cascade plays a crucial role in the elevation of IL-10 and progression of MAP pathogenesis. The contribution of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their influence on the activation of macrophages during MAP pathogenesis are still unclear. In the current study, we found that miRNA-27a-3p (miR-27a) expression is downregulated during MAP infection both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, miR-27a is also downregulated in toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-stimulated murine macrophages (RAW264.7 and bone marrow-derived macrophage). ELISA and real-time qRT-PCR results confirm that overexpression of miR-27a inhibited MAP-induced IL-10 production in macrophages and upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, while miR-27a inhibitor counteracted these effects. Luciferase reporter assay results revealed that IL-10 and TGF-β-activated protein kinase 1 binding protein 2 (TAB 2) are potential targets of miR-27a. In addition, we demonstrated that miR-27a negatively regulates TAB 2 expression and diminishes TAB 2-dependent p38/JNK phosphorylation, ultimately downregulating IL-10 expression in MAP-infected macrophages. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-27a significantly inhibited the intracellular survival of MAP in infected macrophages. Our data show that miR-27a augments antimicrobial activities of macrophages and inhibits the expression of IL-10, demonstrating that miR-27a regulates protective innate immune responses during MAP infection and can be exploited as a novel therapeutic target in the control of intracellular pathogens, including paratuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Hussain
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruichao Yue
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liao
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Naveed Sabir
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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10
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Rathnaiah G, Zinniel DK, Bannantine JP, Stabel JR, Gröhn YT, Collins MT, Barletta RG. Pathogenesis, Molecular Genetics, and Genomics of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the Etiologic Agent of Johne's Disease. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:187. [PMID: 29164142 PMCID: PMC5681481 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiologic agent of Johne's disease in ruminants causing chronic diarrhea, malnutrition, and muscular wasting. Neonates and young animals are infected primarily by the fecal-oral route. MAP attaches to, translocates via the intestinal mucosa, and is phagocytosed by macrophages. The ensuing host cellular immune response leads to granulomatous enteritis characterized by a thick and corrugated intestinal wall. We review various tissue culture systems, ileal loops, and mice, goats, and cattle used to study MAP pathogenesis. MAP can be detected in clinical samples by microscopy, culturing, PCR, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. There are commercial vaccines that reduce clinical disease and shedding, unfortunately, their efficacies are limited and may not engender long-term protective immunity. Moreover, the potential linkage with Crohn's disease and other human diseases makes MAP a concern as a zoonotic pathogen. Potential therapies with anti-mycobacterial agents are also discussed. The completion of the MAP K-10 genome sequence has greatly improved our understanding of MAP pathogenesis. The analysis of this sequence has identified a wide range of gene functions involved in virulence, lipid metabolism, transcriptional regulation, and main metabolic pathways. We also review the transposons utilized to generate random transposon mutant libraries and the recent advances in the post-genomic era. This includes the generation and characterization of allelic exchange mutants, transcriptomic analysis, transposon mutant banks analysis, new efforts to generate comprehensive mutant libraries, and the application of transposon site hybridization mutagenesis and transposon sequencing for global analysis of the MAP genome. Further analysis of candidate vaccine strains development is also provided with critical discussions on their benefits and shortcomings, and strategies to develop a highly efficacious live-attenuated vaccine capable of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govardhan Rathnaiah
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Denise K. Zinniel
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - John P. Bannantine
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Judith R. Stabel
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Yrjö T. Gröhn
- Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Michael T. Collins
- Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Raúl G. Barletta
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
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11
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Espeschit IF, Souza MCC, Lima MC, Moreira MAS. First molecular typing of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis identified in animal and human drinking water from dairy goat farms in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2017; 49:358-361. [PMID: 29107584 PMCID: PMC5913760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, the etiologic agent of Johne's disease or paratuberculosis, was identified by culture and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 50% and 30% of water samples for animal and human consumption, respectively, from ten dairy goat farms in Brazil. IS1311 restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis identified the isolates as cattle type C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis F Espeschit
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Laboratório de Doenças Bacterianas, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Marina C C Souza
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Laboratório de Doenças Bacterianas, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Magna C Lima
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Laboratório de Doenças Bacterianas, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria A S Moreira
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Laboratório de Doenças Bacterianas, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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12
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Liu X, Li J, Yang X, Wang D, Wang J, Wu J. The seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in dairy cattle in Xinjiang, Northwest China. Ir Vet J 2017; 70:1. [PMID: 28070308 PMCID: PMC5217577 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-016-0079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes chronic, wasting, and progressive enteritis in cattle, bringing significant economic losses in livestock industries. MAP has spread worldwide mainly due to movement of animals. The objective of this study was to determine the MAP seroprevalence in cattle in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest China, and evaluate the difference between intensive farming herds (cattle number in a herd is more than 200, and the cattle cannot have access to pasture) and free-range herds (the cattle are bred by individual households, a herd is defined as the cattle are bred in a village or town in this study). Results A total of 3157 serum specimens were collected from 42 herds in nine different regions. This included 1481 specimens from 18 intensive farming herds in four regions and 1676 specimens from 24 free-range herds in six regions. Antibody against MAP was tested with commercial ELISA test kits. The results showed that the overall apparent prevalence was 4.8% (95% CI, 4.1 to 5.6%) at animal level, and 50.0% (21/42) at herd level. The apparent prevalence in intensive farming herds and free-range herds were 9.5% (141/1481) and 0.7% (11/1676) at the animal-level, 88.9%(16/18) and 20.8% (5/24) at herd level, respectively, with a significant statistical difference between these two farming modes (p < 0.01). Cattle in intensive farming herds had a relatively higher risk to be infected with MAP than those in free-range herds (RR = 14.4). Conclusion This study demonstrates that apparent prevalence of MAP infection in dairy cattle differs with farming modes at the animal level and herd level, and farming density could be an important risk factor associated with the presence of MAP infected cattle. This study provides important epidemiological data for bovine MAP control in Xinjiang, Northwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, The North 4th Road, Shihezi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Veterinary Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, NO. 726 Dongrong Street, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyun Yang
- Veterinary Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, NO. 726 Dongrong Street, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengfeng Wang
- Veterinary Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, NO. 726 Dongrong Street, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, The North 4th Road, Shihezi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Wu
- Veterinary Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, NO. 726 Dongrong Street, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
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13
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Davidson FW, Ahlstrom C, De Buck J, Whitney HG, Tahlan K. Examination of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis mixed genotype infections in dairy animals using a whole genome sequencing approach. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2793. [PMID: 27994984 PMCID: PMC5160890 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pathogenic mycobacteria are known to cause severe disease in humans and animals. M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) is the causative agent of Johne’s disease—a chronic wasting disease affecting ruminants such as cattle and sheep, responsible for significant economic losses in the dairy and beef industries. Due to the lack of treatment options or effective vaccines, mitigating losses can be difficult. In addition, the early stages of Map infection may occur in asymptomatic hosts that continue to shed viable bacteria in their faeces, leading to the infection of other healthy animals. Using multi-locus short sequence repeat (ML-SSR) analysis we previously reported that individual Johne’s positive dairy cattle from farms across the island of Newfoundland were infected by Map with multiple SSR-types simultaneously. The occurrence of multiple mixed genotype infections has the potential to change pathogen and disease dynamics as well as reduce the efficacy of treatments and vaccines. Therefore, we conducted whole genome sequencing (WGS) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis on a subset of these isolates for a more in-depth examination. We also implemented a PCR assay using two discriminatory SNPs and demonstrated the incidence of a mixed infection by three genotypically diverse Map isolates in a single animal. In addition, results show that WGS and SNP analysis can provide a better understanding of the relationship between Map isolates from individual and different animals. In the future such studies on the occurrence of mixed genotype infections could potentially lead to the identification of variable pathogenicity of different genotypes and allow for better tracking of Map isolates for epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser W Davidson
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's , NL , Canada
| | - Christina Ahlstrom
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada
| | - Jeroen De Buck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada
| | - Hugh G Whitney
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's , NL , Canada
| | - Kapil Tahlan
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's , NL , Canada
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