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Santos IA, Lemos MP, Puggina EF, Mota GR. Innovative integration: optimizing performance through warm-up and photobiomodulation in high-intensity test. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1341106. [PMID: 38304418 PMCID: PMC10830741 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1341106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether the application of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) immediately after a standardized warm-up (WU + PBMT) or traditional PBMT (no pre-warming) would influence performance in intermittent testing and intensity variables. In a counterbalanced randomized crossover design, twelve female futsal players (mean age: 23.9 ± 3.8 years) attended four sessions. Each session involved either a standardized warm-up or maintaining seated rest for five minutes. Subsequently, PBMT or placebo (with the PBMT device turned off) was applied, followed by the YoYo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 test (YYIR1) during which we assessed heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and blood lactate levels. The performance in YYIIR1 was superior (p = 0.02) in the WU + PBMT condition (440.0 ± 59.0 m) compared to the WU + Placebo (353.3 ± 94.7 m), and placebo alone (no warm-up) (325.0 ± 67.2 m). We conclude that a combination of a specific warm-up before PBMT application improves high-intensity intermittent performance in amateur female futsal players without affecting intensity variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela A. Santos
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Exercise Physiology in Health and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE), Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Marina Paiva Lemos
- Exercise Physiology in Health and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE), Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Enrico Fuini Puggina
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R. Mota
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Exercise Science, Health and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Sport Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Brazil
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Singh A, Gururaj SB, Shankar SM, Chidambar CK, Bhushan K, Poojary B. Effect of LASER photobiomodulation on the cell viabilities of periodontal ligament fibroblasts of older and younger individuals - An in vitro study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2023; 27:465-470. [PMID: 37781322 PMCID: PMC10538507 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_167_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Fibroblasts form the major cell type of the periodontal ligament and most often studied for periodontal regeneration. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on aged periodontal fibroblasts and compare the viability of periodontal fibroblasts of older and younger individuals. Materials and Methods A total of 32 patients were divided into four groups: A, B, C, and D. Groups A and C and B and D comprised of extracted teeth of older (>60 year) and younger individuals (<25 year), respectively. Extracted teeth from Groups A and B received PBM, (diode laser, 660 nm, 100 mW at 4J) whereas Groups C and D did not. Tissue from extracted teeth of all groups was processed and cultured and subjected to 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay to assess their viability. Results The difference between the groups in terms of viability was significant (P < 0.0001). The mean viability of A and B (PBM) was 1.04 and 1.19, respectively. The mean viability for C and D (non-PBM) was 0.95 and 0.85, respectively. Conclusion Older fibroblasts have lower viability than younger fibroblasts. PBM improves viability in both older and younger fibroblasts and more so in younger fibroblasts. However, more than one PBM would be required to sustain the effect longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Singh
- Department of Periodontics, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
| | - Soumya Bardvalli Gururaj
- Department of Periodontics, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
| | - Shrinidhi Maji Shankar
- Department of Periodontics, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Kala Bhushan
- Department of Periodontics, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
| | - Bharathi Poojary
- Department of Periodontics, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
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Photobiomodulation Therapy Combined with Static Magnetic Field (PBMT–SMF) on Spatiotemporal and Kinematics Gait Parameters in Post-Stroke: A Pilot Study. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020186. [PMID: 35207474 PMCID: PMC8874719 DOI: 10.3390/life12020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gait deficit is a major complaint in patients after stroke, restricting certain activities of daily living. Photobiomodulation therapy combined with a static magnetic field (PBMT-SMF) has been studied for several diseases, and the two therapies are beneficia. However, their combination has not yet been evaluated in stroke. Therefore, for PBMT–SMF to be used more often and become an adjunctive tool in the rehabilitation of stroke survivors at physical therapy rehabilitation centers and clinics, some important aspects need to be clarified. Purpose: This study aimed to test different doses of PBMT–SMF, to identify the ideal dose to cause immediate effects on the spatiotemporal and kinematic variables of gait in post-stroke patients. Methods: A randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover pilot study was performed. A total of 10 individuals with hemiparesis within 6 months to 5 years since the occurrence of stroke, aged 45–60 years, were included in the study. Participants were randomly assigned and treated with a single PBMT–SMF dose (sham, 10 J, 30 J, or 50 J) on a single application, with one dose per stage at 7-day intervals between stages. PBMT–SMF was applied with a cluster of 12 diodes (4 of 905 nm laser, 4 of 875 nm LEDs, and 4 of 640 nm LEDs, SMF of 35 mT) at 17 sites on both lower limbs after baseline evaluation: plantar flexors (2), knee extensors (9), and flexors (6). The primary outcome was self-selected walking speed, and the secondary outcomes were kinematic parameters. Gait analysis was performed using SMART-D 140® and SMART-D INTEGRATED WORKSTATION®. The outcomes were measured at the end of each stage after the single application of each PBMT–SMF dose tested. Results: No significant differences (p > 0.05) in spatiotemporal variables were observed between the different doses, compared with the baseline evaluation. However, differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the kinematic variable of the hip in the paretic and non-paretic limbs, specifically in the minimum flexion/extension angulation during the support phase (HMST–MIN) in doses 10 J, 30 J, and 50 J. Conclusions: A single application of PBMT–SMF at doses of 10 J, 30 J, and 50 J per site of the lower limbs did not demonstrate positive effects on the spatiotemporal variables, but it promoted immediate effects in the kinematic variables of the hip (maximum and minimum flexion/extension angulation during the support phase) in the paretic and non-paretic limbs in post-stroke people.
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Wu D, Zhao YL, Dai RJ, Rong PJ, Wang Y. Application of photobiomodulation therapy in acupuncture. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_12_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ailioaie LM, Litscher G. Photobiomodulation and Sports: Results of a Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1339. [PMID: 34947870 PMCID: PMC8706093 DOI: 10.3390/life11121339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Benefits of photobiomodulation (PBM) have been known for several decades. More recently, PBM applied in sports offers a special chance to support the modeling of the performance and recovery. Increasingly complex physical activities and fierce competition in the world of sports generate a state of psycho-emotional and physical stress that can induce chronic fatigue syndrome, failure in physical training, predisposition to muscle damage, physical and emotional exhaustion etc., for which PBM could be an excellent solution. To evaluate and identify all risk factors and the influence of PBM on health and performance in sport and for a better understanding of its effects, we did a search for "Photobiomodulation and Sports" on PubMed, to update the PBM science applied in sports, and we retained for analysis the articles published from 2014 to date. The term "PBM" is recent, and we did not include previous studies with "low level laser therapy" or "LLLT" before 2014. In the present research, PBM has been shown to have valuable protective and ergogenic effects in 25 human studies, being the key to success for high performance and recovery, facts supported also by 22 animal studies. PBM applied creatively and targeted depending on sport and size of the level of physical effort could perfectly modulate the mitochondrial activity and thus lead to remarkable improvements in performance. PBM with no conclusive results or without effects from this review (14 studies from a total of 39 on humans) was analyzed and we found the motivations of the authors from the perspective of multiple causes related to technological limitations, participants, the protocols for physical activity, the devices, techniques and PBM parameters. In the near future, dose-response experiments on physical activity should be designed and correlated with PBM dose-response studies, so that quantification of PBM parameters to allow the energy, metabolic, immune, and neuro-endocrine modulation, perfectly coupled with the level of training. There is an urgent need to continuously improve PBM devices, delivery methods, and protocols in new ingenious future sports trials. Latest innovations and nanotechnologies applied to perform intracellular signaling analysis, while examining extracellular targets, coupled with 3D and 4D sports motion analysis and other high-tech devices, can be a challenge to learn how to maximize PBM efficiency while achieving unprecedented sports performance and thus fulfilling the dream of millions of elite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marinela Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Gerhard Litscher
- Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Research Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 39, 8036 Graz, Austria
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Aleixo-Junior IDO, Leal-Junior ECP, Casalechi HL, Vanin AA, de Paiva PRV, Machado CDSM, Dias LB, Lino MMA, Teixeira AM, Johnson DS, Tomazoni SS. Immediate effects of photobiomodulation therapy combined with a static magnetic field on the subsequent performance: a preliminary randomized crossover triple-blinded placebo-controlled trial. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:6940-6953. [PMID: 34858690 PMCID: PMC8606121 DOI: 10.1364/boe.442075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence about the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) alone and combined with a static magnetic field (PBMT-sMF) on skeletal muscle fatigue, physical performance and post-exercise recovery in different types of exercise protocols and sports activity. However, the effects of PBMT-sMF to improve the subsequent performance after a first set of exercises are unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PBMT-sMF, applied between two sets of exercises, on the subsequent physical performance. A randomized, crossover, triple-blinded (assessors, therapist, and volunteers), placebo-controlled trial was carried out. Healthy non-athlete male volunteers were randomized and treated with a single application of PBMT-sMF and placebo between two sets of an exercise protocol performed on isokinetic dynamometer. The order of interventions was randomized. The primary outcome was fatigue index and the secondary outcomes were total work, peak work, and blood lactate levels. Twelve volunteers were randomized and analyzed to each sequence. PBMT-sMF decreased the fatigue index compared to the placebo PBMT-sMF at second set of the exercise protocol (MD = -6.08, 95% CI -10.49 to -1.68). In addition, PBMT-sMF decreased the blood lactate levels post-intervention, and after the second set of the exercise protocol compared to placebo (p<0.05). There was no difference between PBMT-sMF and placebo in the remaining outcomes tested. Volunteers did not report adverse events. Our results suggest that PBMT-sMF is able to decrease skeletal muscle fatigue, accelerating post-exercise recovery and, consequently, increasing subsequent physical performance when applied between two sets of exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo de Oliveira Aleixo-Junior
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- ELJ Consultancy, Scientific Consultants, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heliodora Leão Casalechi
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriane Aver Vanin
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Vicente de Paiva
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline dos Santos Monteiro Machado
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Barbosa Dias
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Marinho Aguiar Lino
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adeilson Matias Teixeira
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Shaiane Silva Tomazoni
- Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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De Marchi T, Frâncio F, Ferlito JV, Weigert R, de Oliveira C, Merlo AP, Pandini DL, Pasqual-Júnior BA, Giovanella D, Tomazoni SS, Leal-Junior EC. Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy Combined with Static Magnetic Field in Severe COVID-19 Patients Requiring Intubation: A Pragmatic Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3569-3585. [PMID: 34335043 PMCID: PMC8318710 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s318758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation therapy combined with static magnetic field (PBMT-sMF) on the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and mortality rate of severe COVID-19 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and assess its role in preserving respiratory muscles and modulating inflammatory processes. Patients and Methods We conducted a prospectively registered, triple-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of PBMT-sMF in severe COVID-19 ICU patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either PBMT-sMF or a placebo daily throughout their ICU stay. The primary outcome was length of ICU stay, defined by either discharge or death. The secondary outcomes were survival rate, diaphragm muscle function, and the changes in blood parameters, ventilatory parameters, and arterial blood gases. Results Thirty patients were included and equally randomized into the two groups. There were no significant differences in the length of ICU stay (mean difference, MD = −6.80; 95% CI = −18.71 to 5.11) between the groups. Among the secondary outcomes, significant differences were observed in diaphragm thickness, fraction of inspired oxygen, partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio, C-reactive protein levels, lymphocyte count, and hemoglobin (p < 0.05). Conclusion Among severe COVID-19 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, the length of ICU stay was not significantly different between the PBMT-sMF and placebo groups. In contrast, PBMT-sMF was significantly associated with reduced diaphragm atrophy, improved ventilatory parameters and lymphocyte count, and decreased C-reactive protein levels and hemoglobin count. Trial Registration Number (Clinical Trials.gov) NCT04386694.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago De Marchi
- University Center of Bento Gonçalves (UNICNEC), Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Frâncio
- University Center of Bento Gonçalves (UNICNEC), Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Hospital Tacchini, Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Weigert
- Hospital Tacchini, Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Merlo
- Hospital Tacchini, Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Shaiane Silva Tomazoni
- Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,ELJ Consultancy, Scientific Consultants, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Cesar Leal-Junior
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil.,Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,ELJ Consultancy, Scientific Consultants, São Paulo, Brazil
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De Marchi T, Frâncio F, Ferlito JV, Weigert R, de Oliveira C, Merlo AP, Pandini DL, Pasqual-Júnior BA, Giovanella D, Tomazoni SS, Leal-Junior EC. Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy Combined with Static Magnetic Field in Severe COVID-19 Patients Requiring Intubation: A Pragmatic Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3569-3585. [PMID: 34335043 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.02.20237974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation therapy combined with static magnetic field (PBMT-sMF) on the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and mortality rate of severe COVID-19 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and assess its role in preserving respiratory muscles and modulating inflammatory processes. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a prospectively registered, triple-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of PBMT-sMF in severe COVID-19 ICU patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either PBMT-sMF or a placebo daily throughout their ICU stay. The primary outcome was length of ICU stay, defined by either discharge or death. The secondary outcomes were survival rate, diaphragm muscle function, and the changes in blood parameters, ventilatory parameters, and arterial blood gases. RESULTS Thirty patients were included and equally randomized into the two groups. There were no significant differences in the length of ICU stay (mean difference, MD = -6.80; 95% CI = -18.71 to 5.11) between the groups. Among the secondary outcomes, significant differences were observed in diaphragm thickness, fraction of inspired oxygen, partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio, C-reactive protein levels, lymphocyte count, and hemoglobin (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Among severe COVID-19 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, the length of ICU stay was not significantly different between the PBMT-sMF and placebo groups. In contrast, PBMT-sMF was significantly associated with reduced diaphragm atrophy, improved ventilatory parameters and lymphocyte count, and decreased C-reactive protein levels and hemoglobin count. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CLINICAL TRIALSGOV NCT04386694.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago De Marchi
- University Center of Bento Gonçalves (UNICNEC), Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Frâncio
- University Center of Bento Gonçalves (UNICNEC), Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Hospital Tacchini, Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Weigert
- Hospital Tacchini, Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Merlo
- Hospital Tacchini, Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Shaiane Silva Tomazoni
- Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- ELJ Consultancy, Scientific Consultants, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Cesar Leal-Junior
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- ELJ Consultancy, Scientific Consultants, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gavish L, Spitzer E, Friedman I, Lowe J, Folk N, Zarbiv Y, Gelman E, Vishnevski L, Fatale E, Herman M, Gofshtein R, Gam A, Gertz SD, Eisenkraft A, Barzilay Y. Photobiomodulation as an Adjunctive Treatment to Physiotherapy for Reduction of Anterior Knee Pain in Combat Soldiers: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized, Pragmatic, Sham-Controlled Trial. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 53:1376-1385. [PMID: 34101208 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Anterior knee pain (AKP) is the most common knee pathology in athletes and occurs in 15% of army recruits of elite units during basic training. Of these, 50% are symptomatic 6 years later. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a nonthermal red-to-near-infrared irradiation used for pain reduction of a variety of etiologies. This study was designed to determine whether addition of PBM to physiotherapy (PT) for AKP in combat soldiers is superior to PT alone. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective, double-blind, sham-controlled, randomized clinical trial (NCT02845869), 26 combat soldiers/policemen (male:female, 15:11; body mass index [BMI] = 24.2 ± 3.9, n = 46 knees), with AKP due to overuse/load, received 4 weeks of PT + sham (PT + Sham) or active PBM (wavelength = 660 and 850 nm, pulsing = 2.5 Hz, LED power = 50 mW/cm2 [local tissue/regional lymph nodes]; 810 nm continuous beam, laser cluster 6 W/cm2 [analgesia] and laser pointer 4.75 W/cm2 [trigger points]) (PT + PBM). The main outcome measures were subjective pain by visual analog scale (VAS) (0 [none]-100 [intolerable]) and functional disability by Kujala score (0 [worst]-100 [best]). Evaluations were carried out at baseline, end of treatments, and 3-month follow-up. RESULTS All participants completed the treatment protocol without any reported adverse device effects. Post-treatment pain was significantly reduced in the PT+PBM group, compared with baseline and sham (Δpain, VAS, mean ± SD: PT + PBM = -19 ± 23, P = 0.002; PT + Sham = -6 ± 21, P = 0.16; between groups, P = 0.032). At 3-month follow-up, pain reduction was similar between groups; however, the Kujala score was significantly improved only in the PBM-treated group (ΔKujala: PT + PBM = 11 ± 10, P = 0.003; PT + Sham = 5 ± 7, P = 0.059). CONCLUSIONS Addition of PBM to PT for AKP resulted in earlier reduction in pain and improved functionality, compared with PT alone. This noninvasive, nonpharmacologic, adjunctive therapeutic modality can be easily incorporated into team healthcare frameworks or end units and may lead to earlier return to competition or combat-level service. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilach Gavish
- Institute for Research in Military Medicine (IRMM), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel.,The Saul and Joyce Brandman Hub for Cardiovascular Research and the Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Elad Spitzer
- MeDES Medical Center, Jerusalem, 9314103, Israel
| | - Ilan Friedman
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, 9103102, Israel
| | - Joseph Lowe
- Hadassah Medical Organization, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, 9765422, Israel
| | - Nathalie Folk
- Institute for Research in Military Medicine (IRMM), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Yonaton Zarbiv
- Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, 5260416, Israel
| | - Evgeny Gelman
- Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, 5260416, Israel
| | - Lev Vishnevski
- Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, 5260416, Israel
| | | | | | - Roni Gofshtein
- Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, 5260416, Israel
| | - Arnon Gam
- Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, 5260416, Israel
| | - S David Gertz
- Institute for Research in Military Medicine (IRMM), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel.,The Saul and Joyce Brandman Hub for Cardiovascular Research and the Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Arik Eisenkraft
- Institute for Research in Military Medicine (IRMM), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Yair Barzilay
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, 9103102, Israel
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10
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Mahran HG. Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on trunk flexor performance after incisional hernia repair: a randomized controlled trial. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:929-940. [PMID: 34052928 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of two photobiomodulation approaches on trunk flexor performance after incisional hernia repair and to compare the effects of both wavelengths. Forty-five patients were randomly distributed after isokinetic trunk flexor assessments into infrared laser, red laser, and placebo groups. Each patient received laser treatment followed by a traditional physical therapy program. In laser treatment, 24 points in both recti were irradiated by infrared or red laser light with the following parameters; 0.6 J per point, 214.28 J/cm2 as energy density, and 17.85 W/cm2 as intensity, while the control group received a placebo approach. All groups received clinical treatments at a rate of 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks; in addition, the physical therapy program was continued on other days for all groups. Isokinetic trunk flexor strength was measured before treatment and 4 weeks after treatment as in each measurement, fatigue protocol was designed, and the trunk flexor strength was measured before fatigue test while the trunk flexor resistance to fatigue was measured after fatigue test. After 4 weeks, pre-and post-fatigue trunk flexor strengths in both laser groups were significantly increased compared to pre-and post-fatigue trunk flexor strength in the placebo group, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two laser groups. Photobiomodulation approaches enhance trunk flexor response to exercise after incisional hernia repair. This enhancement leads to greater strength and more fatigue resistance for the trunk flexors in photobiomodulation groups compared to the placebo group and no difference between the two photobiomodulation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Galal Mahran
- Department of Physical Therapy for Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, 7Ahmed El-Zayat St. Bien El-Sarayat, Dokki, Giza, 11432, Egypt.
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