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Berg A, Francia L, Lam T, Morgan K, Lubman DI, Nielsen S. Enriching qualitative alcohol and other drug research by engaging lived experience peer researchers in a dual-interview approach: A case study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:1040-1044. [PMID: 37503834 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Engaging people with lived experience of alcohol and other drug use as peer researchers in qualitative research is becoming more common. However, there are differing opinions on how to best engage and support peer researchers. CASE PRESENTATION Through this case study the researchers aimed to illustrate the potential benefits of a peer/academic researcher dual-interview approach as a qualitative method in research. In the study, a peer researcher who had lived experience of alcohol and other drug use collaborated with an academic researcher who had qualitative expertise. Semi-structured interviews (N = 22) were undertaken with men and women with lived experience of alcohol and other drug harms (n = 14) and healthcare staff (n = 8) from alcohol and other drug, and broader healthcare services. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The research team contend that in a dual-interview approach, rather than peer/academic researchers being binary opposites, there exists a continuum along which peer and academic researchers travel back and forth; that supports recognition of similarities and differences; and deepens mutual respect. Engaging peer researchers also represents an opportunity for meaningful capability building, with the ultimate and important goal of having peer researchers drive their own research agendas, and move from supporting to leading alcohol and other drug-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Berg
- Association of Participating Services Users, Self Help Addiction Resource Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leanne Francia
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tina Lam
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- National Centre for Healthy Ageing, Monash University and Peninsula Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Dan I Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health and Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Suzanne Nielsen
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- National Centre for Healthy Ageing, Monash University and Peninsula Health, Melbourne, Australia
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Smith LE, McBride ME, Henschen B, Bierman J, Uchida T, Eppich W. Mechanisms of Near-Peer Learning in a Longitudinal Clerkship: A Grounded Theory Study. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2024; 99:771-777. [PMID: 38527027 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000005715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many medical schools incorporate longitudinal clerkships, which promote continuity and may offer early clinical exposure during the preclinical curriculum. However, the mechanisms of near-peer learning and how it contributes to the development of clinical skills in longitudinal clinical experiences are less clear. The authors explored how peer-to-peer interactions among medical students influenced their developmental trajectories from nascent clinicians to more seasoned practitioners capable of juggling dual roles of clinical care and clinical supervision within longitudinal clerkships. METHOD The Education-Centered Medical Home (ECMH) at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine is a longitudinal clerkship that represents an ideal setting to explore peer learning. At ECMH, continuity is established across all 4 years of medical school among small groups of students from each year, a preceptor, and a panel of outpatients. The authors conducted 6 focus groups and 9 individual interviews between March 2021 and February 2023 with medical students from all years. Using constructivist grounded theory, the authors collected and analyzed data iteratively using constant comparison to identify themes and explore their relationships. RESULTS Within ECMH, peer relationships fostered an informal learning culture that enabled meaningful peer interactions while reinforcing the established culture. The authors identified 3 essential learning practices between senior and junior medical students: preparing for patient encounters, shifting roles dynamically during the joint encounter, and debriefing encounters afterward. These practices strengthened learning relationships and supported students' developmental trajectories. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal peer learning relationships enabled meaningful peer interaction that influenced medical students' clinical development and capability for clinical supervision. Mutual trust, familiarity, and continuity facilitate targeted feedback practices and growth at the edge of junior students' capabilities. Optimizing this peer learning environment and seeking new opportunities to use longitudinal peer learning in clinical environments could promote psychological safety and professional identity formation for medical students.
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Yaniv-Rosenfeld A, Elalouf A, Maoz H. Gender-Based Differences in the Practices and Perceptions of Psychiatry Residents Working in Closed Wards as Case Managers. Prof Case Manag 2024; 29:183-186. [PMID: 38780464 DOI: 10.1097/ncm.0000000000000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Yaniv-Rosenfeld
- AMIT YANIV-ROSENFELD, MD, is a fourth-year Psychiatry Resident at Shalvata Mental Healthcare Center in Hod Hasharon, Israel and a Clinical Instructor in Tel-Aviv University. She is also a third-year PhD candidate at Bar-Ilan University
- AMIR ELALOUF, PhD, is a Senior Faculty Member and the Head of the Technology Management Program of the Department of Management, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- HAGAI MAOZ, MD, MHA, is a Specialist in General Psychiatry and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; and Head of the Closed Ward at Shalvata Mental Health Center, Senior Lecturer, and Head of the Doctoral Program in Psychoanalysis and Interfaces at Tel-Aviv University
| | - Amir Elalouf
- AMIT YANIV-ROSENFELD, MD, is a fourth-year Psychiatry Resident at Shalvata Mental Healthcare Center in Hod Hasharon, Israel and a Clinical Instructor in Tel-Aviv University. She is also a third-year PhD candidate at Bar-Ilan University
- AMIR ELALOUF, PhD, is a Senior Faculty Member and the Head of the Technology Management Program of the Department of Management, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- HAGAI MAOZ, MD, MHA, is a Specialist in General Psychiatry and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; and Head of the Closed Ward at Shalvata Mental Health Center, Senior Lecturer, and Head of the Doctoral Program in Psychoanalysis and Interfaces at Tel-Aviv University
| | - Hagai Maoz
- AMIT YANIV-ROSENFELD, MD, is a fourth-year Psychiatry Resident at Shalvata Mental Healthcare Center in Hod Hasharon, Israel and a Clinical Instructor in Tel-Aviv University. She is also a third-year PhD candidate at Bar-Ilan University
- AMIR ELALOUF, PhD, is a Senior Faculty Member and the Head of the Technology Management Program of the Department of Management, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- HAGAI MAOZ, MD, MHA, is a Specialist in General Psychiatry and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; and Head of the Closed Ward at Shalvata Mental Health Center, Senior Lecturer, and Head of the Doctoral Program in Psychoanalysis and Interfaces at Tel-Aviv University
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Houlden R, Crichton F. Want doctors to use VR simulation? Make it mandatory, accessible, educationally valuable, and enjoyable! MEDEDPUBLISH 2024; 14:8. [PMID: 38932994 PMCID: PMC11200059 DOI: 10.12688/mep.20040.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Virtual reality (VR) simulation training is mandatory for postgraduate year 1-2 doctors at the author's hospital trust. Despite this, a preceding quantitative study demonstrated uptake below required levels. While the educational value of VR simulation has been highlighted, little attention has been paid to participant utilisation in postgraduate curricula. With the increasing development and incorporation of VR-based clinical education, it is essential to understand the factors influencing how frequently postgraduate doctors utilise it so that its potential can be maximised. Methods A qualitative study design was employed. All 108 postgraduate year 1-2 doctors from the 2020-21 training year were invited for a semi-structured interview. Interviews continued until data saturation was reached in the form of informational redundancy. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted. Results A total of 17 interviews were conducted. Four main themes that influenced participation in VR simulation were identified: (1) the mandatory nature encouraged participation but led to negative perceptions as a tick-box exercise; (2) there were multiple challenges to accessing the resource; (3) the scenarios were felt to have limited educational value; and (4) there was untapped potential in drawing benefits from VR as an enjoyable leisure activity. Conclusions Recommendations from these findings include: (1) VR simulation should be mandatory but with a degree of learner autonomy; (2) sessions should be integrated into doctors' rotas as protected time; (3) more challenging scenarios ought to be created aligned with postgraduate courses, examinations, and specialty training, and (4) presented as a difficulty level system akin to gaming experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riki Houlden
- University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
- East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, England, UK
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Penlington C, Lyttle R, Dillon M, Ali A, Waterhouse P. "I think that comes with experience": A thematic analysis exploring how dental students at a transitional stage of training understand and engage with reflection. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2023; 27:869-878. [PMID: 36458892 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reflection is an important skill for dentists but there is little consensus about how reflection can most usefully be integrated into dental education. The aim of this study was to conduct focus groups to explore how students at a transitional point of dental education in one UK dental school had experienced, and conceptualised reflection. METHODS Students at the beginning of their clinical studies were recruited by email and invited to attend a single focus group. Focus groups were co-facilitated by a team of staff and student researchers and analysed using thematic analysis. Students acted as research partners in planning a topic guide, recruiting students, conducting focus groups and considering the implications of research findings for the curriculum, and contributed their perspectives to other aspects of the research. RESULTS Students primarily associated reflection with their clinical learning and valued the skill highly in this context. They were less familiar with the potential for reflection to support personal development and deeper learning. Themes were identified of learning, uncertainty, emotions and wellbeing, community and challenges and are discussed in detail. CONCLUSION Reflection is highly valued within our dental education setting but many students may be missing out on using it to its' full potential. Changes to the undergraduate curriculum, including offering reflection from an early stage of education may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Penlington
- Faculty of Medical Science, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ross Lyttle
- Faculty of Medical Science, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Megan Dillon
- Faculty of Medical Science, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Adam Ali
- Faculty of Medical Science, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paula Waterhouse
- Faculty of Medical Science, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Bell CE, Dittborn M, Brierley J. What is the impact of high-profile end-of-life disputes on paediatric intensive care trainees? Arch Dis Child 2023; 108:719-724. [PMID: 37365006 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-325048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study explores UK paediatric intensive care (PIC) trainees' thoughts and feelings about high-profile end-of-life cases recently featured in the press and social media and the impact on their career intentions. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine PIC-GRID trainees (April to August 2021). Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Six main themes were identified: (1) All participants wished to do what was best for the child, feeling conflicted if this meant disagreeing with parents. (2) Interviewees felt unprepared and expressed deep concern about the effect of high-profile cases on their future career; all had reconsidered their training in PIC due to concerns about future high-profile end-of-life disputes, despite this all were still in training. (3) Specific training on the ethical and legal nuances of such cases is required, alongside targeted communication skills. (4).All cases are unique. (5) All had purposefully minimised their social media presence. (6) Working in a supportive environment is crucial, underscoring the importance of clear and unified team communication. CONCLUSION UK PIC trainees feel unprepared and anxious about future high-profile cases. A parallel can be drawn to child protection improvements following significant educational investment after government reports into preventable child abuse deaths. Models for supporting trainees and establishing formal PIC training are required to improve trainees' confidence and skills in managing high-profile cases. Further research with other professional groups, the families involved and other stakeholders would provide a more rounded picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Emily Bell
- Stoke Manderville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Mariana Dittborn
- Paediatric Bioethics Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Joe Brierley
- Paediatric Bioethics Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Trust, London, UK
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Houghton S, Punton G, Casey E, McNeill A, Moss M. Frequent gamblers' perceptions of the role of gambling marketing in their behaviour: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287393. [PMID: 37327226 PMCID: PMC10275430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored how frequent gamblers perceive gambling marketing and the role they feel it has in their gambling behaviour. Ten frequent gamblers participated in semi-structured interviews oriented around their experiences of gambling marketing. An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the data led to three overarching themes: exploiting gambling marketing for personal gain; gambling marketing as a test of self-control; and safer gambling messages marketing perceived as ineffective. These themes encapsulated participants' views of gambling marketing as something they could take advantage of to increase their own gambling success. Marketing was also perceived as a test of self-control among self-identified experienced gamblers, although identified as a risk to those who are considered more vulnerable. Finally, safer gambling messages included within marketing was considered ineffective due to perceived insincerity and being seen as an 'afterthought' by marketers. In support of previous research, the current investigation highlights concerning narratives around self-control and perceived risk, as encapsulated within gambling marketing, and these are evident in the perceptions of frequent gamblers. Given gamblers' perceived lack of effectiveness of current safer gambling messages within marketing, future research should explore new avenues for safer gambling promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Houghton
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University at Newcastle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia Punton
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University at Newcastle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Casey
- Department of Sociology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew McNeill
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University at Newcastle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
- Psychology and Communication Technology (PaCT) Lab, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Moss
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University at Newcastle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
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Saad S, Richmond C, King D, Jones C, Malau-Aduli B. The impact of pandemic disruptions on clinical skills learning for pre-clinical medical students: implications for future educational designs. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:364. [PMID: 37217918 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pandemic disruptions to medical education worldwide resulted in rapid adaptations to clinical skills learning. These adaptations included moving most teaching to the online environment, decreasing the accepted "hands-on" methods of teaching and learning. While studies have shown significant impacts on student confidence in skills acquisition, there is a paucity of assessment outcome studies which would contribute a valuable perspective on whether measurable deficits were incurred. Here, a preclinical (Year 2) cohort was investigated for clinical skills learning impacts that could influence their transition to hospital-based placements. METHODS A sequential mixed methods approach was used on the Year 2 Medicine cohort, including: focus group discussions with thematic analysis; a survey derived from the themes observed; and a cohort comparison of the clinical skills examination results of the disrupted Year 2 cohort, compared to pre-pandemic cohorts. RESULTS Students reported experiencing benefits and disadvantages of the shift to online learning, including a decrease in confidence in their skills acquisition. End of year summative clinical assessments showed non-inferior outcomes when compared to previous cohorts for the majority of clinical skills. However, for procedural skills (venepuncture) the disrupted cohort had significantly lower scores compared to a pre-pandemic cohort. CONCLUSIONS Rapid innovation during the COVID-19 pandemic provided the opportunity to compare online asynchronous hybrid clinical skills learning with the usual practice of face-to-face synchronous experiential learning. In this study, students' reported perceptions and assessment performance data indicate that careful selection of skills suitable for online teaching, supported by timetabled "hands-on" sessions and ample practice opportunities, is likely to provide non-inferior outcomes for clinical skills learning in students about to transition to clinical placements. The findings can be used to inform clinical skills curriculum designs that incorporate the virtual environment, and assist with future-proofing skills teaching in the case of further catastrophic disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Saad
- School of Medicine, Notre Dame University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | | | - Dane King
- School of Medicine, Notre Dame University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Caelyn Jones
- School of Medicine, Notre Dame University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bunmi Malau-Aduli
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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Smit DJM, Proper KI, Engels JA, Campmans JMD, van Oostrom SH. Barriers and facilitators for participation in workplace health promotion programs: results from peer-to-peer interviews among employees. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:389-400. [PMID: 36305914 PMCID: PMC9614189 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01930-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Workplace health promotion programs (WHPPs) have shown to be effective in improving lifestyle behaviors of employees. Despite potential benefits for employees, participation rates are generally low. The aim of this study was to gain deeper insight into barriers and facilitators for participation in WHPPs prior to implementation according to employees. METHODS Peer-to-peer interviewing, a method derived from citizen science, was used to actively involve employees in the data collection. Employees working in the cleaning-, ICT- and facility-sector were trained to interview their co-workers. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was performed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), complemented with the constructs 'interpersonal factors' and 'intrapersonal factors' from the social ecological model. Data were coded deductively and inductively, and rated by two researchers independently. RESULTS Fourteen peer-interviewers conducted 62 peer-to-peer interviews. Main barriers for participation in WHPPs were an unsupportive organizational culture where lifestyle is not a common topic and programs that are not tailored to their needs. Support from peers and supervisors were facilitators. The availability of organizational resources, such as facilities and financial compensation, support participation. CONCLUSIONS To enhance participation of employees in WHPPs it is recommended to take into account the barriers and facilitators identified in this study. For instance, employees should be involved in the development and implementation of WHPPS by the employer and their needs and available resources should be taken into account. This may lead to more successful implementation and higher participation rates in future WHPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise J. M. Smit
- Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands ,Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin I. Proper
- Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands ,Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josephine A. Engels
- HAN University of Applied Sciences, Occupation and Health Research Group, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer M. D. Campmans
- Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra H. van Oostrom
- Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Hayman R, Wood M, Wharton K, Shotton L. Supporting the integration of first-year undergraduate widening participation sport students into university: the role of online programme induction. SN SOCIAL SCIENCES 2022; 2:268. [PMID: 36531140 PMCID: PMC9734368 DOI: 10.1007/s43545-022-00574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Programme induction activities are a central feature for supporting successful student entry into university, playing an important role in ensuring they quickly settle, feel included, are motivated to learn and able to form new friendships and networks with peers and staff. Research shows how entering university can be complex and challenging for all students regardless of background and experience. This is particularly the case for widening participation students, who often encounter excessive social exclusion and financial pressures. By using Student Involvement Theory (Astin in J Coll Stud Pers 25:297-308, 1984) as a guiding theoretical framework and peer mentors as interviewees, the primary aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of an exclusively online programme induction in supporting the integration of newly arrived first-year widening participation sports students into a post-92 British university. The key study finding was that online induction was more successful in gaining academic than social engagement. Participants devoted time and effort into their studies but had limited social involvement with other students, both from their programme and the wider university community. Practical implications for developing future online induction programme schedules to better support the transition of diverse student populations into university are presented, as are future research avenues and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Hayman
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Michael Wood
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Karl Wharton
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Lynette Shotton
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
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Byrne E, Sæbø JI. Routine use of DHIS2 data: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1234. [PMID: 36203141 PMCID: PMC9535952 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In regard to health service planning and delivery, the use of information at different levels in the health system is vital, ranging from the influencing of policy to the programming of action to the ensuring of evidence-informed practices. However, neither ownership of, nor access to, good quality data guarantees actual use of these data. For information to be used, relevant data need to be collected, processed and analysed in an accessible format. This problem of underused data, and indeed the absence of data use entirely, is widespread and has been evident for decades. The DHIS2 software platform supports routine health management for an estimated 2.4 billion people, in over 70 countries worldwide. It is by far the largest and most widespread software for this purpose and adopts a holistic, socio-technical approach to development and implementation. Given this approach, and the rapid and extensive scaling of DHIS2, we questioned whether or not there has been a parallel increase in the scaling of improved information use. To date, there has been no rigorous review of the documentation on how exactly DHIS2 data is routinely being used for decision-making and subsequent programming of action. This scoping review addresses this review gap. Methods The five-stage approach of Arksey and O’Malley progressed by Levac et al. and Peters was followed. Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Embase) were searched, along with relevant conference proceedings and postgraduate theses. In total, over 500 documents were reviewed and data from 19 documents were extracted. Results Overall, DHIS2 data are being used but there are few detailed descriptions of this usage in peer reviewed or grey literature. We find that, commonly, there exists a centralised versus decentralised pattern of use in terms of access to data and the reporting of data ‘up’ in the system. We also find that the different conceptualisations of data use and how data use is conceptualised are not made explicit. Conclusions We conclude with some suggestions for a way forward, namely: i) the need to document in more detail and share how data are being used, ii) the need to investigate how data were created and who uses such data, iii) the need to design systems based on work practices, and in tandem develop and promote forums in which ‘conversations’ around data can take place. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-08598-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Byrne
- HISP Centre and Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 30, N-0373, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Johan Ivar Sæbø
- HISP Centre and Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 30, N-0373, Oslo, Norway
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Smit DJM, van Oostrom SH, Engels JA, van der Beek AJ, Proper KI. A study protocol of the adaptation and evaluation by means of a cluster-RCT of an integrated workplace health promotion program based on a European good practice. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1028. [PMID: 35597983 PMCID: PMC9123680 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13352-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An integrated workplace health promotion program (WHPP) which targets multiple lifestyle factors at different levels (individual and organizational) is potentially more effective than a single component WHPP. The aim of this study is to describe the protocol of a study to tailor a European good practice of such an integral approach to the Dutch context and to evaluate its effectiveness and implementation. Methods This study consists of two components. First, the five steps of the Map of Adaptation Process (MAP) will be followed to tailor the Lombardy WHP to the Dutch context. Both the employers and employees will be actively involved in this process. Second, the effectiveness of the integrated Dutch WHPP will be evaluated in a clustered randomized controlled trial (C-RCT) with measurements at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. Clusters will be composed based on working locations or units - dependent on the organization’s structure and randomization within each organization takes place after baseline measurements. Primary outcome will be a combined lifestyle score. Secondary outcomes will be the separate lifestyle behaviors targeted, stress, work-life balance, need for recovery, general health, and well-being. Simultaneously, a process evaluation will be conducted. The study population will consist of employees from multiple organizations in different industry sectors. Organizations in the intervention condition will receive the integrated Dutch WHPP during 12 months, consisting of an implementation plan and a catalogue with activities for multiple lifestyle themes on various domains: 1) screening and support; 2) information and education; 3) adjustments in the social, digital or physical environment; and 4) policy. Discussion The MAP approach provides an appropriate framework to systematically adapt an existing WHPP to the Dutch context, involving both employers and employees and retaining the core elements, i.e. the catalogue with evidence-based activities on multiple lifestyle themes and domains enabling an integrated approach. The following process and effect evaluation will contribute to further insight in the actual implementation and effectiveness of the integrated WHP approach. Trial registration NTR (trialregister.nl), NL9526. Registered on 3 June 2021. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13352-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise J M Smit
- Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, 3721 MA, The Netherlands. .,Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, 1081 BT, The Netherlands.
| | - Sandra H van Oostrom
- Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, 3721 MA, The Netherlands
| | - Josephine A Engels
- Occupation & Health Research Group, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, the Netherlands
| | - Allard J van der Beek
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Karin I Proper
- Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, 3721 MA, The Netherlands.,Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, 1081 BT, The Netherlands
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'You're on the waiting list': An interpretive phenomenological analysis of young adults' experiences of waiting lists within mental health services in the UK. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265542. [PMID: 35303040 PMCID: PMC8932552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Waiting lists in mental health services are currently considered too long. Lengthy waits of up to 18 weeks are commonly reported in the UK. Waiting lists have long been associated with a variety of negative psychological responses, however there is little understanding behind young adults’ personal experiences of such delays within mental health services. The current study aimed to explore young adults’ experiences of waiting lists in mental healthcare in the UK. Seven young adults were interviewed in the current study (aged 19–22). Interpretive phenomenological analysis was utilised to explore participant accounts. Three super-ordinate themes were generated: Reliance on Alternative Methods of Support; Inability to Function Sufficiently; and Emergence of Negative Beliefs, Emotions and Thoughts. Participants primarily reported a variety of negative psychological and behavioural consequences associated with waiting lists in mental health services, as well as exacerbated existing physical and psychological health issues. In accordance with the limited number of previous studies, waiting lists are considered by patients to be barriers to mental health support and intervention. Future direction is advised.
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Montgomery A, Doulougeri K, Panagopoulou E. Do critical incidents lead to critical reflection among medical students? Health Psychol Behav Med 2021; 9:206-219. [PMID: 34104557 PMCID: PMC8158269 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2021.1899827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Medical students are exposed during their training to a wide range of experiences and behaviors that can affect their learning regarding professionalism and their behavior and attitudes towards patient-centered care. The aim of the study is to explore learning associated with critical incidents and levels of critical reflection among medical students. Approach Medical students' were invited to narrate a critical incident and reflect on the learning associated with it. All students' narratives were audio-recorded and analyzed thematically. Mezirow's theory of transformative learning was used to analyze the level of reflection reached in students' narratives. Findings For the present analysis critical incidents narrated by 70 clinical students (4th-6th year) were included. Fifty-two of them were females. Students' experiences are derived from three types of interactions: observed interactions between doctors and patients, personal interactions between students and patients, and interactions between doctors and students. Reflections deriving from the experiences included: behaving to patients as humans not as cases, emotional aspects of care, doctors as role models, skills needed when working under pressure, 'tasting' the real profession, emotional management, the importance of communication skills, teaching qualities of doctors, becoming a doctor, and reflections of future practice. Analyzing the actual level of reflection indicated that only 32 (45.7%) students were categorized as reflectors. Conclusions Student interactions with doctors and patients provide insights about; the daily experience of being a doctor, the most common challenges, what qualities are necessary for being a doctor and what do they need to develop their professional identity. However, it is noteworthy that while the majority of students shared a critical incident crucial to their professional development, there is little evidence of critical reflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Montgomery
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, Department of Educational & Social Policy, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Karolina Doulougeri
- Eindhoven School of Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Efharis Panagopoulou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Bridging the Gap: A Mixed Methods Study Investigating Caregiver Integration for People with Geriatric Syndrome. Int J Integr Care 2021; 21:14. [PMID: 33776603 PMCID: PMC7977015 DOI: 10.5334/ijic.5577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transitions of care between acute hospital and community settings are points of vulnerability for people with geriatric syndrome. Routinely including informal caregivers into the transition processes may mitigate risk. Guidance for operational aspects of caregiver inclusion is currently lacking in healthcare policy and fails to address the barriers faced by caregivers and healthcare professionals. Methods A questionnaire and a semi-structured interview were piloted with acute care physiotherapists who facilitate patient discharge into community settings. The questionnaire was analysed using summary statistics and interviews were thematically analysed by researchers, using NVivo 12 software. Results Questionnaire responses indicated mixed satisfaction with current caregiver integration by the multidisciplinary team. Four themes were shaped in the interviews: inconsistent caregiver engagement, individuals working in a system, an outdated model of care, and invisible care gaps. Discussion Feedback loops constructed from participant questionnaires and interview responses informed the identification of barriers and solutions. These are system wide and address automated integration, cultural shift, reimbursement models, and flexible structures to enhance informal caregiver participation. Future research is urgently required to translate, implement, and evaluate enhanced caregiver integration to ensure sustainable, person-centred healthcare delivery.
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Holland JC, Ní Dhónaill R, Clarke M, Joyce P. Physician Associate Students' Experience of Anatomy Dissection. ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2021; 14:52-61. [PMID: 32452170 DOI: 10.1002/ase.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of physician assistant/associate (PA) has expanded from its inception in the United States over 50 years ago, to European countries including Ireland. While there is an increasing body of evidence exploring the role and training of PAs in clinical settings, there is a scarcity of research exploring PA students' perspectives in relation to their experience of anatomy dissection, or how these experiences may contribute to the development of their core professional identity. Students in the first two cohorts of PA Program at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland program were invited to interviews which solicited them to reflect and report on their own experiences of anatomical dissection during their course. Participants' responses were analyzed using a thematic inductive approach; common themes and patterns were organized into a hierarchical structure, which generated the final framework of themes. Ten participants took part in the study; only one had previous personal experience of dissection, while two further participants had some familiarity with prosected specimens. The first theme concerned the participants' expectation of anatomical dissection, with sub-themes of preconceptions, smell, and emotions. The second theme involves discussion of coping strategies that the participants used, including talking, viewing the cadaver as their first patient, and naming (or not naming) the cadaver. The third theme includes how the participants' talked about respect and compassion in the dissection room, development of team working skills, and awareness of bereavement and organ donation. A number of recommendations were also made for the experience and orientation of future students in such a program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Holland
- Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Maeve Clarke
- Department of Oncology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pauline Joyce
- Physician Associate Program, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Biesma R, Kennedy MC, Pawlikowska T, Brugha R, Conroy R, Doyle F. Peer assessment to improve medical student's contributions to team-based projects: randomised controlled trial and qualitative follow-up. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 19:371. [PMID: 31615489 PMCID: PMC6794794 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical schools increasingly incorporate teamwork in their curricula but medical students often have a negative perception of team projects, in particular when there is unequal participation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether a novel peer evaluation system improves teamwork contributions and reduces the risk of students "free loading". METHODS A cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) with qualitative follow up enrolled 37 teams (n = 223 students). Participating teams were randomised to intervention group (19 teams) or control group (18 teams). The validated Comprehensive Assessment Team Member Effectiveness (CATME) tool was used as the outcome measure, and was completed at baseline (week 2) and at the end of the project (week 10). The team contribution subscale was the primary outcome, with other subscales as secondary outcomes. Six focus group discussions were held with students to capture the team's experiences and perceptions of peer assessment and its effects on team work. RESULTS The results of the RCT showed that there was no difference in team contribution, and other forms of team effectiveness, between intervention and control teams. The focus group discussions highlighted students' negative attitudes, and lack of implementation of this transparent, points-based peer assessment system, out of fear of future consequences for relationships with peers. The need to assess peers in a transparent way to stimulate open discussion was perceived as threatening by participants. Teams suggested that other peer assessment systems could work such as rewarding additional or floating marks to high performing team members. CONCLUSIONS Other models of peer assessment need to be developed and tested that are non-threatening and that facilitate early acceptance of this mode of assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regien Biesma
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary-Claire Kennedy
- School of Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds University, Leeds, UK
| | - Teresa Pawlikowska
- Health Professions Education Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ruairi Brugha
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ronan Conroy
- Centre for Data Management, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frank Doyle
- Department of Health Psychology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
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Myers SP, Littleton EB, Hill KA, Dasari M, Nicholson KJ, Knab LM, Neal MD, Horvath KD, Krane M, Hamad GG, Rosengart MR. Perceptions Regarding Mentorship Among General Surgery Trainees With Academic Career Intentions. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2019; 76:916-923. [PMID: 30704954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Effective mentorship may be an opportunity to mitigate career de-prioritization, improve stress management, and bolster professional growth. Relatively few studies address specific challenges that occur for general surgery trainees. We conducted a focus group-based investigation to determine facilitators/barriers to effective mentorship among general surgery residents, who are intending to pursue an academic career. DESIGN A semistructured focus group study was conducted to explore residents' attitudes and experiences regarding (1) needs for mentorship, (2) barriers to identifying mentors, and (3) characteristics of successful mentor-mentee interactions. Subjects self-identified and were characterized as either "Mentored" or "Nonmentored." Transcriptions were independently reviewed by 3 coders. Inter-rater reliability between the coders was evaluated by calculating Cohen's kappa for each coded item. SETTING General surgery residents from 2 academic tertiary hospitals, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, and University of Washington, participated. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-four general surgery trainees were divided into 8 focus groups. RESULTS There were no gender-based differences in mentoring needs among residents. Barriers to establishing a relationship with a mentor, such as lack of exposure to faculty, and time and determination on the part of both mentor and mentee, were exacerbated by aspects of surgical culture including gender dynamics, criticism, and hierarchy. Successful relationships between mentee and mentor were perceived to require personal/professional compatibility and a feeling that the mentor is invested in the mentee, while conflicts of interest and neglect detracted from a successful relationship. CONCLUSIONS Our investigations demonstrate the importance of surgical hierarchy and culture in facilitating interpersonal interactions with potential mentors. Further studies will be necessary to determine how best to address these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara P Myers
- Department of General Surgery, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Eliza B Littleton
- Department of General Surgery, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine A Hill
- Department of General Surgery, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohini Dasari
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kristina J Nicholson
- Department of General Surgery, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lawrence M Knab
- Department of General Surgery, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew D Neal
- Department of General Surgery, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen D Horvath
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mukta Krane
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Giselle G Hamad
- Department of General Surgery, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew R Rosengart
- Department of General Surgery, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Qureshi SP, Rankin K. Junior-to-junior research interviews as method for clinical practitioner-researchers. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2019; 10:127-137. [PMID: 31040739 PMCID: PMC6456245 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s192595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This methodological article argues for the advantages of trainee health professionals investigating their own work contexts through qualitative research interviews with peers and presents such junior-to-junior interviews as method. The usefulness and flexibility of the method are demonstrated through two vignettes based on the authors' individual experiences as junior medical doctors generating data through interviews with their peers. The article discusses specific considerations of junior-to-junior interviews: academic considerations including cognizance of reflexivity, trustworthiness, commitment, coherence; ethical considerations including hierarchy, confidentiality, support needs. The method has limitations including research being carried out by novices and on a small scale. However, we argue that junior-to-junior interviews allow for unique and valuable data generation, and encourage other practitioner-researchers to consider how this or similar methods may be integrated into research approaches across clinical disciplines, and organizational and cultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Peter Qureshi
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine Rankin
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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20
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Byrne E, Brugha R, McGarvey A. 'A melting pot of cultures' -challenges in social adaptation and interactions amongst international medical students. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 19:86. [PMID: 30885174 PMCID: PMC6423840 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The internationalisation of higher level education and the profiles - nationalities, ethnicities and cultural identities - of students who migrate to undertake higher level education programmes in a different country are increasingly complex. This article explores the way in which cultural backgrounds impact the student's experiences of an international medical school, and how these experiences have the potential to inform the development and design of student support services for those students who are not coping well with the transition. METHODS Thirty one first year students were interviewed by sixteen second year students who were trained and supervised by an experienced researcher. Three focus group discussions were also held. RESULTS While many international students had lived in more than one country and region and spoke several languages, most reported difficulties in forming intercultural friendships, especially interactions outside of the academic setting. Some of the challenges faced were similar to what has been reported in the literature, such as difficulties with language and loss of established friendship networks. Other challenges to emerge in this study were the complex interrelatedness of the daily life challenges facing international students regarding the forming and importance of intercultural relations, which is impacted by gender, the presence of alcohol, languages spoken (in addition to English, which was the language used for medical education), and the dominance of the regional grouping the student belongs to. CONCLUSION The challenges of adaptation and intercultural relations are increasing in complexity and it is important for higher level institutions who enrol international students to understand the nature of the pressures these students experience, outside as well as within the academic environment, and to support them in managing these transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Byrne
- Institute of Leadership, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ballymoss Road, Sandyford Industrial Est, Dublin, 18 Ireland
| | - R. Brugha
- Division of Population and Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin, 2 Ireland
| | - A. McGarvey
- Anatomy Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin, 2 Ireland
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21
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A qualitative study of gender differences in the experiences of general surgery trainees. J Surg Res 2018; 228:127-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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St John B, Mihaila I, Dorrance K, DaWalt LS, Ausderau KK. Reflections From Co-Researchers With Intellectual Disability: Benefits to Inclusion in a Research Study Team. INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2018; 56:251-262. [PMID: 30024848 PMCID: PMC6348152 DOI: 10.1352/1934-9556-56.5.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Participatory action research methodologies may empower and protect marginalized individuals; however, they remain underutilized. Limited studies have investigated the impact of participatory action research, specifically on individuals with intellectual disability (ID). This study examines (1) the perspectives of co-researchers with ID on their involvement in the research process and (2) the feasibility of their inclusion based on perspectives of research staff (academic faculty and graduate students without ID). Three co-researchers with ID were interviewed regarding their research participation. Thematic analysis of interviews identified four themes: (1) Shared Experience of Disability, (2) Teaching and Guidance, (3) Acquisition of Skills and Knowledge, and (4) Value of Participation. Research staff reviewed field notes and identified benefits and challenges to feasibility of including co-researchers with ID. Inclusion of co-researchers with ID was found to be both meaningful and feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany St John
- Brittany St. John, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program
| | - Iulia Mihaila
- Iulia Mihaila, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of Human Development and Family Studies
| | - Katelyn Dorrance
- Katelyn Dorrance, Leann Smith DaWalt, University of Wisconsin - Madison Waisman Center, and
| | - Leann Smith DaWalt
- Katelyn Dorrance, Leann Smith DaWalt, University of Wisconsin - Madison Waisman Center, and
| | - Karla K Ausderau
- Karla K. Ausderau, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program and University of Wisconsin - Madison Waisman Center
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23
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Jørgensen CR, Eskildsen NB, Thomsen TG, Nielsen ID, Johnsen AT. The impact of using peer interviewers in a study of patient empowerment amongst people in cancer follow-up. Health Expect 2017; 21:620-627. [PMID: 29206313 PMCID: PMC5980595 DOI: 10.1111/hex.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A range of benefits have been reported from engaging peer interviewers in qualitative interviews, but little systematic evaluation exists to assess their impact on both process and outcomes of qualitative interviews in health research. Objective To investigate the impact of involving patient representatives as peer interviewers in a research project on patient empowerment. Design 18 interviews were carried out as part of the wider study, seven by the academic researcher alone and eleven jointly with a peer interviewer. The interviews were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively to explore potential differences between interviews conducted by the researcher alone and interviews conducted jointly by the researcher and the peer interviewers. A phone evaluation of the peer interviews was carried out with the research participants, and notes were thematically analysed to understand their experiences. Results Differences were identified between the academic researcher and the peer interviewers in the types of questions they asked and the degree to which personal narrative was used in the interview. Peer interviewers varied significantly in their approach. Research participants were positive about the experience of being interviewed by a peer interviewer. No firm conclusions could be made about impact on outcomes. Discussion and conclusions The uniqueness and complexity of qualitative interviews made it difficult to provide any firm conclusions about the impact of having peer interviewers on the research outcomes, and the benefits identified from the analysis mostly related to the process of the interviews. Benefits from using peer interviewers need to be considered alongside relevant ethical considerations, and available resources for training and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara R Jørgensen
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick and School of Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nanna B Eskildsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thora G Thomsen
- Roskilde and Koege Hospitals, Roskilde, Denmark.,University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Anna T Johnsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Palliative Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wickramasinghe SI, Wickramasinghe KH, Atukorale KR, Jayalal MDS, Chandrakumara UPM, Hewageegana UW, Sendanayaka AP. Evaluation of research skills and attitudes about research skills training among medical students. EDUCATION FOR PRIMARY CARE 2017; 28:189. [PMID: 28140771 DOI: 10.1080/14739879.2017.1283966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S I Wickramasinghe
- a Ministry of Health , Colombo , Sri Lanka.,c Center for Online Health, School of Medicine , University of Queensland
| | | | - K R Atukorale
- b Department of Physiology , University of Sri Jayewardenepura , Nugegoda , Sri Lanka
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Doulougeri K, Panagopoulou E, Montgomery A. (How) do medical students regulate their emotions? BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2016; 16:312. [PMID: 27955653 PMCID: PMC5154027 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-016-0832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical training can be a challenging and emotionally intense period for medical students. However the emotions experienced by medical students in the face of challenging situations and the emotion regulation strategies they use remains relatively unexplored. The aim of the present study was to explore the emotions elicited by memorable incidents reported by medical students and the associated emotion regulation strategies. METHODS Peer interviewing was used to collect medical students' memorable incidents. Medical students at both preclinical and clinical stage of medical school were eligible to participate. In total 104 medical students provided memorable incidents. Only 54 narratives included references to emotions and emotion regulation and thus were further analyzed. RESULTS The narratives of 47 clinical and 7 preclinical students were further analyzed for their references to emotions and emotion regulation strategies. Forty seven out of 54 incidents described a negative incident associated with negative emotions. The most frequently mentioned emotion was shock and surprise followed by feelings of embarrassment, sadness, anger and tension or anxiety. The most frequent reaction was inaction often associated with emotion regulation strategies such as distraction, focusing on a task, suppression of emotions and reappraisal. When students witnessed mistreatment or disrespect exhibited towards patients, the regulation strategy used involved focusing and comforting the patient. CONCLUSIONS The present study sheds light on the strategies medical students use to deal with intense negative emotions. The vast majority reported inaction in the face of a challenging situation and the use of more subtle strategies to deal with the emotional impact of the incident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Doulougeri
- Department of Educational & Social Policy, University of Macedonia, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, Egnatia Street 156, Thessaloniki, 54006, Greece.
| | - Efharis Panagopoulou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Sciences of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anthony Montgomery
- Department of Educational & Social Policy, University of Macedonia, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, Egnatia Street 156, Thessaloniki, 54006, Greece
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