1
|
Hien DFDS, Paré PSL, Cooper A, Koama BK, Guissou E, Yaméogo KB, Yerbanga RS, Farrell IW, Ouédraogo JB, Gnankiné O, Ignell R, Cohuet A, Dabiré RK, Stevenson PC, Lefèvre T. Contrasting effects of the alkaloid ricinine on the capacity of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii to transmit Plasmodium falciparum. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:479. [PMID: 34526119 PMCID: PMC8444468 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04992-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Besides feeding on blood, females of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae sensu lato readily feed on natural sources of plant sugars. The impact of toxic secondary phytochemicals contained in plant-derived sugars on mosquito physiology and the development of Plasmodium parasites remains elusive. The focus of this study was to explore the influence of the alkaloid ricinine, found in the nectar of the castor bean Ricinus communis, on the ability of mosquitoes to transmit Plasmodium falciparum. Methods Females of Anopheles gambiae and its sibling species Anopheles coluzzii were exposed to ricinine through sugar feeding assays to assess the effect of this phytochemical on mosquito survival, level of P. falciparum infection and growth rate of the parasite. Results Ricinine induced a significant reduction in the longevity of both Anopheles species. Ricinine caused acceleration in the parasite growth rate with an earlier invasion of the salivary glands in both species. At a concentration of 0.04 g l−1 in An. coluzzii, ricinine had no effect on mosquito infection, while 0.08 g l−1 ricinine-5% glucose solution induced a 14% increase in An. gambiae infection rate. Conclusions Overall, our findings reveal that consumption of certain nectar phytochemicals can have unexpected and contrasting effects on key phenotypic traits that govern the intensity of malaria transmission. Further studies will be required before concluding on the putative role of ricinine as a novel control agent, including the development of ricinine-based toxic and transmission-blocking sugar baits. Testing other secondary phytochemicals in plant nectar will provide a broader understanding of the impact which plants can have on the transmission of vector-borne diseases. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04992-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domonbabele F D S Hien
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. .,Laboratoire Mixte International Sur Les Vecteurs (LAMIVECT), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. .,MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Prisca S L Paré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ougadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Amanda Cooper
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Benjamin K Koama
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Institut Des Sciences Et Techniques, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Edwige Guissou
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Laboratoire Mixte International Sur Les Vecteurs (LAMIVECT), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Koudraogo B Yaméogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Laboratoire Mixte International Sur Les Vecteurs (LAMIVECT), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Rakiswendé S Yerbanga
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Laboratoire Mixte International Sur Les Vecteurs (LAMIVECT), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Iain W Farrell
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Jean B Ouédraogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Rickard Ignell
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Unit of Chemical Ecology, Disease Vector Group, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Cohuet
- Laboratoire Mixte International Sur Les Vecteurs (LAMIVECT), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Roch K Dabiré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Laboratoire Mixte International Sur Les Vecteurs (LAMIVECT), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Philip C Stevenson
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK.,Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Thierry Lefèvre
- Laboratoire Mixte International Sur Les Vecteurs (LAMIVECT), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centre de Recherche en Écologie Et Évolution de La Santé (CREES), Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
In Vitro Anti-Leishmanial Assessment of Some Medicinal Plants Collected from Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Acta Parasitol 2020; 65:696-703. [PMID: 32347535 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-020-00205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present work, a group of nine medicinal plants (Sonchus oleraceus, Echinops spinosissimus, Trichodesma africana, Pergularia tomentosa, Teucrium oliverianum, Blepharis ciliaris, Citrllus colocynthis, Cleome amblyocarpa and Aerva javanica) from eight different families were investigated for their in vitro anti-leishmanial activity against the promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania major. L. major is the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) which is one of the major health problems in Saudi Arabia and neighboring countries such as Iraq and Iran. However, the commonly available commercial therapeutics still come with multiple unwanted side effects in addition to parasite resistance, so medicinal plants have attracted attention due to their affordability and beneficial effects. METHODS The selected plants were collected from Al Qassim region in the middle of Saudi Arabia, and then extracts were prepared with methanol using overnight soaking for the whole plants. RPMI 1640 was used to culture L. major to obtain promastigotes and intramacrophage amastigotes, which were used later for evaluation of extract activity in vitro via spectrophotometric and microscopic techniques. The MTT assay was used for cytotoxic evaluation of plant extracts against macrophage cells. Data were expressed in mean ± SD. Linear regression was used for IC50 and CC50 calculation. T test was used for significant differences at P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS All the plants revealed anti-leishmanial activity against the L. major amastigote stage with IC50 values less than 91 µg/mL. The three most potent were T. oliverianum, P. tomentosa and C. amblyocarpa with IC50 values of 7.8, 13.7 and 21.5 µg/mL, respectively. The L. major promastigote stage was more tolerant, so only T. oliverianum extract showed an IC50 less than 30 (26.6 µg/mL). P. tomentosa is the most toxic plant with CC50 3.1 µg/mL followed by T. africana CC50 9.5 µg/mL, the other plants possess CC50 over 40 µg/mL. The best SI values were obtained from the C. amblyocarpa and T. oliverianum extracts against the L. major amastigote stages with 5.7 and 5.3, respectively. CONCLUSION We can conclude that T. oliverianum, P. tomentosa and C. amblyocarpa are the best anti-leishmanial plants, so further phytochemical studies for isolation of active ingredients are highly recommended.
Collapse
|
4
|
Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Effects of Moringa oleifera (Moringa) and Azadirachta indica (Neem) Methanolic Extracts against Strains of Enterococcus faecalis. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:1071676. [PMID: 30356384 PMCID: PMC6176315 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1071676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate antibacterial and cytotoxic effect of 2 methanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica and Moringa oleifera against strains of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) in vitro. Methods The methanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica and Moringa oleifera were prepared in vitro. The antibacterial effect of the extracts against Enterococcus faecalis was evaluated using the agar diffusion technique. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the microdilution method and the cytotoxicity using the cellular line MDCK. Results The methanolic extract with the most antibacterial effect during the first 24 and 48 hours against Enterococcus faecalis was Moringa oleifera, evidencing a growth inhibition zone of 35.5 ± 1.05 and 44.83 ± 0.98, respectively. The MIC for both extracts was 75 µg/ml. The bactericidal effect of the Azadirachta indica extract was found at a concentration of 25 µg/ml and a concentration of 75 µg/ml for Moringa extract. Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the methanolic extract of Azadirachta indica and Moringa oleifera both have an antibacterial effect against Enterococcus faecalis strains during the first 24 and 48 hours. None of the extracts exhibited toxicity against the cell lines under low concentrations.
Collapse
|
5
|
Efficacy of cryotherapy plus topical Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb cream versus cryotherapy plus placebo in the treatment of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis: A triple-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005957. [PMID: 28981503 PMCID: PMC5655399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the highly prevalent endemic diseases in the Middle East and North Africa. Many treatment modalities have been recommended for this condition but success rates remain limited. Herbal remedies have also been used for treatment but evidence-based clinical trials with these products are sparse. In-vitro and in-vivo studies have shown the anti-leishmanial and curative effects of extract of fruits and leaves of Juniperus excelsa (J. excelsa). The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of topical J. excelsa M. Bieb extract as an adjuvant to cryotherapy for the treatment of human CL. Materials and methods This study was designed as a two-arm triple-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial using a parallel design. Seventy-two patients with clinical diagnosis of CL confirmed by leishmania smears were allocated to receive either a topical formulation of leaf of J. excelsa extract (group A) or placebo (group B) for 3 months. Both groups received cryotherapy as baseline standard treatment. Patients were evaluated before and weekly after the intervention was initiated until complete cure. Results Overall, 82% of patients in group A, experienced complete cure and 9% of them had partial cure. On the other hand, 34% in group B reported complete cure, while 14% of them had partial cure at the end of treatment protocol with a significant difference between the two groups (P< 0.001). The mean duration to healing of the lesions in patients who received J. excelsa extract was statistically significantly shorter than the placebo group (p = 0.04). No significant side effect was seen in the J. excelsa extract group except for mild to moderate local irritation after a few weeks in a few numbers of patients. Conclusion The results of this study showed that topical J. excelsa extract can be used as an adjuvant treatment modality in addition to cryotherapy for accelerating the time to cure in addition to increasing the complete cure rate in CL. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov IRCT2015082523753N1 Many people are afflicted in the world by cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). The pathogen in this disease is an intracellular parasite. In 2007, The World Health Organization, defined leishmaniasis as a neglected disease. Many treatment modalities have been recommended for cutaneous leishmaniasis, but success rates remain limited. Experimental studies have shown the anti-leishmanial and curative effects of extract of fruits and leaves of Juniperus excelsa (J. excelsa), but there are no documentation in this regard in humans. This is the first randomized controlled clinical trial which evaluated the efficacy of the leaf extract of J. excelsa M. Bieb on human CL. According to the results of this present study, topical J. excelsa M. Bieb hydroalcoholic extract could be a good choice for treatment of CL in conjunction with cryotherapy. Using this extract along with cryotherapy can decrease the duration of CL treatment and also increase the success rate of CL treatment without any significant adverse effect.
Collapse
|
6
|
Al-Mamun MA, Akter Z, Uddin MJ, Ferdaus KMKB, Hoque KMF, Ferdousi Z, Reza MA. Characterization and evaluation of antibacterial and antiproliferative activities of crude protein extracts isolated from the seed of Ricinus communis in Bangladesh. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:211. [PMID: 27405609 PMCID: PMC4942971 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) has previously been reported to possess analgesic, antihistamine, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study was designed for isolation, characterization and evaluation of antibacterial and anti-proliferative activities of R. communis seed protein. METHODS The concentration and molecular weight of R. communis seed protein were estimated by SDS-PAGE and spectrophotometric analysis, respectively. Lectin activity was evaluated by hemagglutination assay on mice blood. In vitro susceptibility of four human pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes and Staphylococcus aureus was detected using disk diffusion assay, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was determined using micro-dilution method. A total of twenty four Swiss albino mice containing Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells were treated with the crude protein of R. communis at 50 and 100 μg/ml/d/mouse for 6 days. Growth inhibitory activity of R. communis seed protein on EAC cells was determined by haemocytometer counting using trypan blue dye and DAPI (4΄,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining was used to assess apoptotic cells. RESULTS The protein concentration of six R. communis (castor) varieties ranged between 21-35 mg/ml and molecular weight between 14-200 kDa. Castor protein agglutinated mice blood at 3.125 μg/wall. The seed protein shows considerable antimicrobial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, exhibiting MIC values of 250, 125 and 62.5 μg/ml, respectively. Administration of seed protein led to 54 % growth inhibition of EAC cells at 100 μg/ml. DAPI staining indicates marked features of apoptosis including condensation of cytoplasm, nuclear fragmentation and aggregation of apoptotic bodies etc. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the lectin rich R. communis seed protein has strong antibacterial and anticancer activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Abdulla Al-Mamun
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Protein Science Lab, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Zerin Akter
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Protein Science Lab, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Josim Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4203, Bangladesh
| | - K M K B Ferdaus
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Protein Science Lab, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - K M F Hoque
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Protein Science Lab, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Z Ferdousi
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Protein Science Lab, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - M Abu Reza
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Protein Science Lab, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|