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Rossetti CA, Maurizio E, Rossi UA. Comparative Review of Brucellosis in Small Domestic Ruminants. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:887671. [PMID: 35647101 PMCID: PMC9133814 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.887671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella melitensis and Brucella ovis are the primary etiological agents of brucellosis in small domestic ruminants. B. melitensis was first isolated in 1887 by David Bruce in Malta Island from spleens of four soldiers, while B. ovis was originally isolated in Australia and New Zealand in early 1950's from ovine abortion and rams epididymitis. Today, both agents are distributed worldwide: B. melitensis remains endemic and associated with an extensive negative impact on the productivity of flocks in -some regions, and B. ovis is still present in most sheep-raising regions in the world. Despite being species of the same bacterial genus, B. melitensis and B. ovis have extensive differences in their cultural and biochemical characteristics (smooth vs. rough colonial phases, serum and CO2 dependence for in vitro growth, carbohydrate metabolism), host preference (female goat and sheep vs. rams), the outcome of infection (abortion vs. epididymitis), and their zoonotic potential. Some of these differences can be explained at the bacterial genomic level, but the role of the host genome in promoting or preventing interaction with pathogens is largely unknown. Diagnostic techniques and measures to prevent and control brucellosis in small ruminants vary, with B. melitensis having more available tools for detection and prevention than B. ovis. This review summarizes and analyzes current available information on: (1) the similarities and differences between these two etiological agents of brucellosis in small ruminants, (2) the outcomes after their interaction with different preferred hosts and current diagnostic methodologies, (3) the prevention and control measures, and (4) alerting animal producers about the disease and raise awareness in the research community for future innovative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Rossetti
- Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), N. Repetto y de Los Reseros, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Maurizio
- Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), N. Repetto y de Los Reseros, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Conicet), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ursula Amaranta Rossi
- Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), N. Repetto y de Los Reseros, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Conicet), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Galluzzo P, Migliore S, Cascio S, Barreca S, Alfano M, Tagliarini A, Candela A, Piraino C, Galuppo L, Condorelli L, Hussein HA, Tittarelli M, Chiarenza G. Diagnostic Findings in a Confirmed Outbreak of Brucella ovis Infection in a Traditional Sheep Farm in Sicily (South-Italy). Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111472. [PMID: 34832627 PMCID: PMC8618822 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of this study is to report a laboratory investigation performed following the isolation of Brucella ovis, causing ovine epididymitis, in a traditional sheep farm in Sicily (South Italy). This disease represents a newly emerging risk for Italian livestock and is listed among diseases of EU priority (EU Reg 2016/429). Blood samples from 56 rams and 143 ewes were analyzed by both Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Complement Fixation Test (CFT). Genital swabs from all rams and 15 lactating ewes were collected to perform real-time PCR. Eighteen serologically positive rams were slaughtered and postmortem-inspected. Samples of testicle, epididymis, lymph nodes, and urine were also collected in order to perform microbiological, molecular, and histopathological analysis. Twelve slaughtered rams showed anatomo-pathological lesions. Real-time PCR for B. ovis BOV_A0504 gene was positive for 13 testicles and epididymis and 11 urine while B. ovis was isolated from epididymis and testicles of 7 slaughtered rams. This is the first exhaustive laboratory report of a microbiological, molecular, and serological pattern of the disease in sheep in Italy. Despite the impact on health and animal welfare, the epidemiology of B. ovis infection is still unknown, particularly in our country where the disease is considered endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Galluzzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (H.A.H.); (G.C.)
- Dipartimento Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sergio Migliore
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (H.A.H.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvana Cascio
- Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Trapani, 91100 Trapani, Italy;
| | - Santino Barreca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (H.A.H.); (G.C.)
| | - Marilena Alfano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (H.A.H.); (G.C.)
| | - Antonina Tagliarini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (H.A.H.); (G.C.)
| | - Anna Candela
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (H.A.H.); (G.C.)
| | - Chiara Piraino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (H.A.H.); (G.C.)
| | - Lucia Galuppo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (H.A.H.); (G.C.)
| | - Lucia Condorelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (H.A.H.); (G.C.)
| | - Hany A. Hussein
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (H.A.H.); (G.C.)
| | - Manuela Tittarelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Chiarenza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (H.A.H.); (G.C.)
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Shalby NA, Abo El-Maaty AM, Ali AH, Elgioushy M. Acute phase biomarkers, oxidants, antioxidants, and trace minerals of mobile sheep flocks naturally infected with brucellosis. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2020-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assayed the acute phase responses of sheep seropositive to Brucella. Sera collected from ewes (n=160) were subjected to serological tests of Brucella, Rose Bengal plate agglutination test (RBPAT), buffer acidified plate agglutination test (BAPAT), and complement fixation test (CFT). Results revealed that CFT was the most predictive test of brucellosis followed by BAPAT then RBPAT. The moderate predictive blood biochemical parameters were zinc and ascorbic acid. Ewes with low CFT titre (chronic) had low fibrinogen, copper, NO, and GPx. Seropositive animals had high blood concentrations of ascorbic acid and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Shalby
- Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - A. M. Abo El-Maaty
- Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza (Reproductive Physiology), Egypt
| | - A. H. Ali
- Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza (Reproductive Physiology), Egypt
| | - M. Elgioushy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
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Santos FA, da Costa DF, da Silva AF, Pessoa RMDS, Figueiredo Rocha VC, Olinda RG, Dantas AF, de Melo MA, Peña Alfaro CE, Azevedo SS, Alves CJ. Microbiological, molecular, and histopathological findings in goats experimentally infected with Actinobacillus seminis. Microb Pathog 2019; 133:103555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ali A, Derar DR, Osman SA, Tharwat M, Al-Sobayil F, Elshahed M. Scrotal enlargement in rams and bucks in Qassim region, central of Saudi Arabia: clinical and ultrasonographic findings and seroprevalence of brucellosis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:2109-2114. [PMID: 31161484 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the causes of scrotal enlargement in rams and bucks in Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Enlarged scrotal contents of rams and bucks (n = 153) were examined by visual inspection, palpation, and ultrasonography. Blood samples were obtained and tested for Brucella sp. infection. Clinical and ultrasonographic findings showed that scrotal enlargement was mainly associated with orchitis, peri-orchitis, and epididymitis. Miscellaneous findings were scrotal hernia, scrotal hematoma, and hydrocele. The frequencies of orchitis, peri-orchitis, and epididymitis were 47.4, 21.1, and 14.1% in Awassi rams; 54.5, 21.7, and 8.7% in Najdi rams; 52.3, 20.5, and 9.1% in Ardi bucks; and 50, 16.7, and 16.7% in Damascus bucks, respectively. Orchitis was associated with no-abscess formation (23%), single-abscess formation (15.4%), and multiple-abscesses formation (61.6%). Peri-orchitis was characterized by hard consistency, atrophy of the testes, and extensive connective tissue formation. Epididymitis was observed mainly at the tail of the epididymis (82.4%) but rarely at the head (17.6%). Epididymitis was associated in many cases with abscessation (70.6%). Males with orchitis, peri-orchitis, and epididymitis were positive for Brucella melitensis and Brucella ovis in the frequency of 21.3% and 48.8%, respectively. In conclusion, scrotal enlargement in rams and bucks in Qassim region is caused mainly by inflammation of the testis and/or epididymis and associated tremendously with brucellosis seropositivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ali
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Derar R Derar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Salama A Osman
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Tharwat
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fahd Al-Sobayil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Elshahed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Outbreak of human brucellosis in Southern Brazil and historical review of data from 2009 to 2018. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006770. [PMID: 30226890 PMCID: PMC6161910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human brucellosis (HB) is a bacterial zoonosis that is more frequent in low income and middle-income countries; it is sometimes associated with outbreaks. The aim of this study was to describe the largest outbreak of HB in Brazil. Methods A retrospective cohort study of patients suspected of having contracted HB in the state of Paraná, Southern Brazil from January 2009 to January 2017. Following an outbreak of 51 cases of HB in a slaughterhouse at Paiçandu in 2014, HB was defined as an obligatory reportable disease in the State. Diagnostic tests for HB included serum agglutination, ELISA (IgG or IgM) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Clinical, laboratorial and epidemiological data were analyzed. A P value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Out of a total of 3,941 patients, 754 presented with a positive test result for HB. After 2014, there was a significant increase in the number of cases, exceeding 100 cases per trimester. In the beginning of 2015, the workgroup of HB started several actions for prevention and treatment, and the number of cases progressively diminished to fewer than 20 cases per trimester. Of 191 reported cases, an occupational risk was found in 84.7%; most cases occurred in farmers (60.0%), veterinarians (17.6%) and slaughterhouse workers (14.7%). Manipulation of animals and unpasteurized milk consumption were associated with positive Brucella IgM ELISA with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.42 (1.09–1.84) and 1.48 (1.01–2.15), respectively. Conclusions HB outbreaks can occur in low to middle-income countries and are associated with slaughterhouse work, handling of unpasteurized milk and animal manipulation. Intensive programs for control of HB are important to reduce the number of cases. Human brucellosis (HB) is a bacterial zoonosis more frequent in low income and middle-income countries. The number of cases has increased in Southern Brazil since 2014. Considering the risk of dissemination of the disease, the authors evaluated the whole spectrum of the disease in the State of Paraná, where cases were reported. More than 3,500 patients at risk for the disease were evaluated and 754 presented with positive blood test results for human brucellosis. The local Health Agency established a program of brucellosis treatment and prevention in the following year. After the intensive control program, there was a significant reduction in the number of HB cases.
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Efficacy of Different ELISA, Histopathology and PCR Assays for the Diagnosis of Ovine Brucellosis in Ram. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.2.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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