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Azad R, Krępski T, Olechowski M, Biernacik B, Święcicka M, Matuszkiewicz M, Dmochowska-Boguta M, Rakoczy-Trojanowska M. Genotype-Specific Expression of Selected Candidate Genes Conferring Resistance to Leaf Rust of Rye ( Secale cereale L.). Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:275. [PMID: 38540334 PMCID: PMC10970619 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Leaf rust (LR) caused by Puccinia recondita f. sp. secalis (Prs) is a highly destructive disease in rye. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying the rye immune response to this disease remain relatively uncharacterised. In this study, we analysed the expression of four genes in 12 rye inbred lines inoculated with Prs at 20 and 36 h post-treatment (hpt): DXS (1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase), Glu (β-1,3-glucanase), GT (UDP-glycosyltransferase) and PR-1 (pathogenesis-related protein 1). The RT-qPCR analysis revealed the upregulated expression of the four genes in response to Prs in all inbred lines and at both time-points. The gene expression data were supported by microscopic and macroscopic examinations, which revealed that eight lines were susceptible to LR and four lines were highly resistant to LR. A relationship between the infection profiles and the expression of the analysed genes was observed: in the resistant lines, the expression level fold changes were usually higher at 20 hpt than at 36 hpt, while the opposite trend was observed in the susceptible lines. The study results indicate that DXS, Glu, GT and PR-1 may encode proteins crucial for the rye defence response to the LR pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Azad
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland; (R.A.); (T.K.); (M.O.); (B.B.); (M.Ś.); (M.M.)
| | - Tomasz Krępski
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland; (R.A.); (T.K.); (M.O.); (B.B.); (M.Ś.); (M.M.)
| | - Mateusz Olechowski
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland; (R.A.); (T.K.); (M.O.); (B.B.); (M.Ś.); (M.M.)
| | - Bartosz Biernacik
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland; (R.A.); (T.K.); (M.O.); (B.B.); (M.Ś.); (M.M.)
| | - Magdalena Święcicka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland; (R.A.); (T.K.); (M.O.); (B.B.); (M.Ś.); (M.M.)
| | - Mateusz Matuszkiewicz
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland; (R.A.); (T.K.); (M.O.); (B.B.); (M.Ś.); (M.M.)
| | - Marta Dmochowska-Boguta
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland;
| | - Monika Rakoczy-Trojanowska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland; (R.A.); (T.K.); (M.O.); (B.B.); (M.Ś.); (M.M.)
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Krępski T, Piasecka A, Święcicka M, Kańczurzewska M, Sawikowska A, Dmochowska-Boguta M, Rakoczy-Trojanowska M, Matuszkiewicz M. Leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f. sp. secalis) triggers substantial changes in rye (Secale cereale L.) at the transcriptome and metabolome levels. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:107. [PMID: 38347436 PMCID: PMC10863301 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a cereal crop highly tolerant to environmental stresses, including abiotic and biotic stresses (e.g., fungal diseases). Among these fungal diseases, leaf rust (LR) is a major threat to rye production. Despite extensive research, the genetic basis of the rye immune response to LR remains unclear. RESULTS An RNA-seq analysis was conducted to examine the immune response of three unrelated rye inbred lines (D33, D39, and L318) infected with compatible and incompatible Puccinia recondita f. sp. secalis (Prs) isolates. In total, 877 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at 20 and 36 h post-treatment (hpt). Most of the DEGs were up-regulated. Two lines (D39 and L318) had more up-regulated genes than down-regulated genes, whereas the opposite trend was observed for line D33. The functional classification of the DEGs helped identify the largest gene groups regulated by LR. Notably, these groups included several DEGs encoding cytochrome P450, receptor-like kinases, methylesterases, pathogenesis-related protein-1, xyloglucan endotransglucosylases/hydrolases, and peroxidases. The metabolomic response was highly conserved among the genotypes, with line D33 displaying the most genotype-specific changes in secondary metabolites. The effect of pathogen compatibility on metabolomic changes was less than the effects of the time-points and genotypes. Accordingly, the secondary metabolome of rye is altered by the recognition of the pathogen rather than by a successful infection. The results of the enrichment analysis of the DEGs and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) reflected the involvement of phenylpropanoid and diterpenoid biosynthesis as well as thiamine metabolism in the rye immune response. CONCLUSION Our work provides novel insights into the genetic and metabolic responses of rye to LR. Numerous immune response-related DEGs and DAMs were identified, thereby clarifying the mechanisms underlying the rye response to compatible and incompatible Prs isolates during the early stages of LR development. The integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses elucidated the contributions of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid pathways to the rye immune response to Prs. This combined analysis of omics data provides valuable insights relevant for future research conducted to enhance rye resistance to LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Krępski
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Piasecka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, 61-704, Poland
| | - M Święcicka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Kańczurzewska
- Institute of Mathematics, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, 60-965, Poland
| | - A Sawikowska
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, 60-637, Poland
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, 61-704, Poland
| | - M Dmochowska-Boguta
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, Blonie, 05-870, Poland
| | - M Rakoczy-Trojanowska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Matuszkiewicz
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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Battache M, Lebrun MH, Sakai K, Soudière O, Cambon F, Langin T, Saintenac C. Blocked at the Stomatal Gate, a Key Step of Wheat Stb16q-Mediated Resistance to Zymoseptoria tritici. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:921074. [PMID: 35832231 PMCID: PMC9271956 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.921074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the fungus Zymoseptoria tritici, is among the most threatening wheat diseases in Europe. Genetic resistance remains one of the main environmentally sustainable strategies to efficiently control STB. However, the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying resistance are still unknown, limiting the implementation of knowledge-driven management strategies. Among the 22 known major resistance genes (Stb), the recently cloned Stb16q gene encodes a cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase conferring a full broad-spectrum resistance against Z. tritici. Here, we showed that an avirulent Z. tritici inoculated on Stb16q quasi near isogenic lines (NILs) either by infiltration into leaf tissues or by brush inoculation of wounded tissues partially bypasses Stb16q-mediated resistance. To understand this bypass, we monitored the infection of GFP-labeled avirulent and virulent isolates on Stb16q NILs, from germination to pycnidia formation. This quantitative cytological analysis revealed that 95% of the penetration attempts were unsuccessful in the Stb16q incompatible interaction, while almost all succeeded in compatible interactions. Infectious hyphae resulting from the few successful penetration events in the Stb16q incompatible interaction were arrested in the sub-stomatal cavity of the primary-infected stomata. These results indicate that Stb16q-mediated resistance mainly blocks the avirulent isolate during its stomatal penetration into wheat tissue. Analyses of stomatal aperture of the Stb16q NILs during infection revealed that Stb16q triggers a temporary stomatal closure in response to an avirulent isolate. Finally, we showed that infiltrating avirulent isolates into leaves of the Stb6 and Stb9 NILs also partially bypasses resistances, suggesting that arrest during stomatal penetration might be a common major mechanism for Stb-mediated resistances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Battache
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marc-Henri Lebrun
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Kaori Sakai
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Olivier Soudière
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Cambon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thierry Langin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cyrille Saintenac
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- *Correspondence: Cyrille Saintenac,
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Wang X, Zhang H, Nyamesorto B, Luo Y, Mu X, Wang F, Kang Z, Lagudah E, Huang L. A new mode of NPR1 action via an NB-ARC-NPR1 fusion protein negatively regulates the defence response in wheat to stem rust pathogen. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:959-972. [PMID: 32544264 PMCID: PMC7589253 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
NPR1 has been found to be a key transcriptional regulator in some plant defence responses. There are nine NPR1 homologues (TaNPR1) in wheat, but little research has been done to understand the function of those NPR1-like genes in the wheat defence response against stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) pathogens. We used bioinformatics and reverse genetics approaches to study the expression and function of each TaNPR1. We found six members of TaNPR1 located on homoeologous group 3 chromosomes (designated as TaG3NPR1) and three on homoeologous group 7 chromosomes (designated as TaG7NPR1). The group 3 NPR1 proteins regulate transcription of SA-responsive PR genes. Downregulation of all the TaNPR1 homologues via virus-induced gene co-silencing resulted in enhanced resistance to stem rust. More specifically downregulating TaG7NPR1 homeologues or Ta7ANPR1 expression resulted in stem rust resistance phenotype. By contrast, knocking down TaG3NPR1 alone did not show visible phenotypic changes in response to the rust pathogen. Knocking out Ta7ANPR1 enhanced resistance to stem rust. The Ta7ANPR1 locus is alternatively spliced under pathogen inoculated conditions. We discovered a new mode of NPR1 action in wheat at the Ta7ANPR1 locus through an NB-ARC-NPR1 fusion protein negatively regulating the defence to stem rust infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life SciencesNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant PathologyMontana State UniversityBozemanMT59717‐3150USA
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant PathologyMontana State UniversityBozemanMT59717‐3150USA
| | - Bernard Nyamesorto
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant PathologyMontana State UniversityBozemanMT59717‐3150USA
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life SciencesNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Xiaoqian Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life SciencesNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Fangyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life SciencesNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Evans Lagudah
- CSIRO Agriculture & FoodGPO Box 1700CanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant PathologyMontana State UniversityBozemanMT59717‐3150USA
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