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Krępski T, Piasecka A, Święcicka M, Kańczurzewska M, Sawikowska A, Dmochowska-Boguta M, Rakoczy-Trojanowska M, Matuszkiewicz M. Leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f. sp. secalis) triggers substantial changes in rye (Secale cereale L.) at the transcriptome and metabolome levels. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:107. [PMID: 38347436 PMCID: PMC10863301 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a cereal crop highly tolerant to environmental stresses, including abiotic and biotic stresses (e.g., fungal diseases). Among these fungal diseases, leaf rust (LR) is a major threat to rye production. Despite extensive research, the genetic basis of the rye immune response to LR remains unclear. RESULTS An RNA-seq analysis was conducted to examine the immune response of three unrelated rye inbred lines (D33, D39, and L318) infected with compatible and incompatible Puccinia recondita f. sp. secalis (Prs) isolates. In total, 877 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at 20 and 36 h post-treatment (hpt). Most of the DEGs were up-regulated. Two lines (D39 and L318) had more up-regulated genes than down-regulated genes, whereas the opposite trend was observed for line D33. The functional classification of the DEGs helped identify the largest gene groups regulated by LR. Notably, these groups included several DEGs encoding cytochrome P450, receptor-like kinases, methylesterases, pathogenesis-related protein-1, xyloglucan endotransglucosylases/hydrolases, and peroxidases. The metabolomic response was highly conserved among the genotypes, with line D33 displaying the most genotype-specific changes in secondary metabolites. The effect of pathogen compatibility on metabolomic changes was less than the effects of the time-points and genotypes. Accordingly, the secondary metabolome of rye is altered by the recognition of the pathogen rather than by a successful infection. The results of the enrichment analysis of the DEGs and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) reflected the involvement of phenylpropanoid and diterpenoid biosynthesis as well as thiamine metabolism in the rye immune response. CONCLUSION Our work provides novel insights into the genetic and metabolic responses of rye to LR. Numerous immune response-related DEGs and DAMs were identified, thereby clarifying the mechanisms underlying the rye response to compatible and incompatible Prs isolates during the early stages of LR development. The integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses elucidated the contributions of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid pathways to the rye immune response to Prs. This combined analysis of omics data provides valuable insights relevant for future research conducted to enhance rye resistance to LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Krępski
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Piasecka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, 61-704, Poland
| | - M Święcicka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Kańczurzewska
- Institute of Mathematics, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, 60-965, Poland
| | - A Sawikowska
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, 60-637, Poland
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, 61-704, Poland
| | - M Dmochowska-Boguta
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, Blonie, 05-870, Poland
| | - M Rakoczy-Trojanowska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Matuszkiewicz
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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Ameur H, Tlais AZA, Paganoni C, Cozzi S, Suman M, Di Cagno R, Gobbetti M, Polo A. Tailor-made fermentation of sourdough reduces the acrylamide content in rye crispbread and improves its sensory and nutritional characteristics. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 410:110513. [PMID: 38043376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Thirty strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae E8.9 (wild type) were used to formulate fifteen combinations of starters by mixing two or three LAB with the yeast (ratio LAB: yeast, 10: 1). Such combinations were used to prepare rye sourdough and their performance in term of acidification and biochemical characteristics during fermentation at two temperatures (30 and 37 °C) and duration (4 and 8 h) were screened. The best thirteen sourdough formulations were selected and used for rye crispbread making. The analysis of acrylamide concentration demonstrated that 11 out 13 formulations resulted in significant decreases of concentration compared to the baker's yeast (control), with reductions up to 79.6 %. The rye sourdough crispbreads showed also higher amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) compared to the baker's yeast control. Two rye sourdough crispbreads, selected to represent the opposite extremes within the thirteen formulations in term of VOC profiles and fermentation performances, demonstrated better sensory and nutritional features, such as phytic acid reduction (up to 47.3 %), and enhanced total free amino acid compared to the control. These evidences suggest the potential of tailored sourdough fermentations as alternative and suitable biotechnological strategy for lowering acrylamide levels in rye crispbread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Ameur
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Libera Universitá di Bolzano, Piazza Universitá, 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Ali Zein Alabiden Tlais
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Libera Universitá di Bolzano, Piazza Universitá, 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | | | - Serena Cozzi
- Barilla G. e R. Fratelli S.p.A., via Mantova, 166, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Michele Suman
- Barilla G. e R. Fratelli S.p.A., via Mantova, 166, 43122 Parma, Italy; Department for Sustainable Food Process, Catholic University Sacred Heart, via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Libera Universitá di Bolzano, Piazza Universitá, 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Libera Universitá di Bolzano, Piazza Universitá, 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Andrea Polo
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Libera Universitá di Bolzano, Piazza Universitá, 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
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Liu C, Wang J, Fu S, Wang L, Li H, Wang M, Huang Y, Shi Q, Zhou Y, Guo X, Zhu C, Zhang J, Han F. Establishment of a set of wheat-rye addition lines with resistance to stem rust. Theor Appl Genet 2022; 135:2469-2480. [PMID: 35676422 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Complete new wheat-rye disomic, telosomic addition lines and various chromosomal aberrations were developed and characterized by molecular cytogenetic method as novel chromosome engineering materials. A new stem rust resistance (Ug99) gene was located on 3RL. Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), is a devastating fungal disease worldwide. A recently emerged great threat to global wheat production is Pgt strain Ug99 and its derivatives, which have overcome most of the commonly used resistance genes. Rye (Secale cereale L.), closely related to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), is a significant and valuable resource of resistance genes for wheat germplasm improvement. It is of great importance and urgency to identify new resistance gene sources of rye and transfer them into wheat. In this study, two complete sets of wheat-rye addition lines were established through wide hybridization, chromosome doubling and backcrossing. A wheat-rye 3RL telosomic addition line was identified with high resistance to stem rust strain Ug99. PCR-based markers specific for the rye chromosome were developed. Furthermore, abundant chromosomal aberrations such as minichromosomes, ring chromosomes as well as centromere reduction and expansion were identified in the progeny of wheat-rye addition lines by multicolor GISH and FISH. The line carrying a novel resistance gene to stem rust can be utilized as a bridge material for wheat disease resistance breeding. The chromosomal and centromeric variation within the wheat-rye hybrids can further contribute to genetic diversity of their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China
| | - Shulan Fu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Long Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianrui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Congle Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Fangpu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Laidig F, Feike T, Klocke B, Macholdt J, Miedaner T, Rentel D, Piepho HP. Long-term breeding progress of yield, yield-related, and disease resistance traits in five cereal crops of German variety trials. Theor Appl Genet 2021; 134:3805-3827. [PMID: 34652455 PMCID: PMC8580907 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03929-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Considerable breeding progress in cereal and disease resistances, but not in stem stability was found. Ageing effects decreased yield and increased disease susceptibility indicating that new varieties are constantly needed. Plant breeding and improved crop management generated considerable progress in cereal performance over the last decades. Climate change, as well as the political and social demand for more environmentally friendly production, require ongoing breeding progress. This study quantified long-term trends for breeding progress and ageing effects of yield, yield-related traits, and disease resistance traits from German variety trials for five cereal crops with a broad spectrum of genotypes. The varieties were grown over a wide range of environmental conditions during 1988-2019 under two intensity levels, without (I1) and with (I2) fungicides and growth regulators. Breeding progress regarding yield increase was the highest in winter barley followed by winter rye hybrid and the lowest in winter rye population varieties. Yield gaps between I2 and I1 widened for barleys, while they shrank for the other crops. A notable decrease in stem stability became apparent in I1 in most crops, while for diseases generally a decrasing susceptibility was found, especially for mildew, brown rust, scald, and dwarf leaf rust. The reduction in disease susceptibility in I2 (treated) was considerably higher than in I1. Our results revealed that yield performance and disease resistance of varieties were subject to considerable ageing effects, reducing yield and increasing disease susceptibility. Nevertheless, we quantified notable achievements in breeding progress for most disease resistances. This study indicated an urgent and continues need for new improved varieties, not only to combat ageing effects and generate higher yield potential, but also to offset future reduction in plant protection intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Laidig
- Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 23, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - T Feike
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Strategies and Technology Assessment, Stahnsdorfer Damm 81, 14532, Kleinmachnow, Germany
| | - B Klocke
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Strategies and Technology Assessment, Stahnsdorfer Damm 81, 14532, Kleinmachnow, Germany
| | - J Macholdt
- Institute of Plant Breeding I and Agronomy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Environmental Chemistry and Physics, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Miedaner
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 21, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - D Rentel
- Bundessortenamt, Osterfelddamm 60, 30627, Hannover, Germany
| | - H P Piepho
- Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 23, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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Gruner P, Schmitt AK, Flath K, Piepho HP, Miedaner T. Mapping and validating stem rust resistance genes directly in self-incompatible genetic resources of winter rye. Theor Appl Genet 2021; 134:1989-2003. [PMID: 33688982 PMCID: PMC8263455 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Individual stem rust resistance genes could be directly mapped within self-incompatible rye populations. Genetic resources of rye (Secale cereale L.) are cross-pollinating populations that can be highly diverse and are naturally segregating. In this study, we show that this segregation could be used for mapping stem rust resistance. Populations of pre-selected donors from the Russian Federation, the USA and Austria were tested on a single-plant basis for stem rust resistance by a leaf-segment test with three rust isolates. Seventy-four plants per population were genotyped with a 10 K-SNP chip. Using cumulative logit models, significant associations between the ordinal infection score and the marker alleles could be found. Three different loci (Pgs1, Pgs2, Pgs3) in three populations were highly significant, and resistance-linked markers could be validated with field experiments of an independent seed sample from the original population and were used to fix two populations for resistance. We showed that it is possible to map monogenically inherited seedling resistance genes directly in genetic resources, thus providing a competitive alternative to linkage mapping approaches that require a tedious and time-consuming inbreeding over several generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gruner
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anne-Kristin Schmitt
- Institute for Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Julius-Kuehn Institute, Stahnsdorfer Damm 81, 14532, Kleinmachnow, Germany
| | - Kerstin Flath
- Institute for Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Julius-Kuehn Institute, Stahnsdorfer Damm 81, 14532, Kleinmachnow, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Piepho
- Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Miedaner
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Zięba P, Sękara A, Bernaś E, Krakowska A, Sułkowska-Ziaja K, Kunicki E, Suchanek M, Muszyńska B. Supplementation with Magnesium Salts-A Strategy to Increase Nutraceutical Value of Pleurotus djamor Fruiting Bodies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113273. [PMID: 34071646 PMCID: PMC8198667 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of substrates supplemented with minerals is a promising strategy for increasing the nutraceutical value of Pleurotus spp. The current research was performed to analyze the effect of substrate supplementation with magnesium (Mg) salts on the Mg content, biomass, and chemical composition of pink oyster mushroom (Pleurotus djamor) fruiting bodies. Before inoculation, substrate was supplemented with MgCl2 × 6 H2O and MgSO4, both salts were applied at three concentrations: 210, 420, and 4200 mg of Mg per 2 kg of substrate. The harvest period included three flushes. Substrate supplementation with 4200 mg of Mg caused the most significant decrease in mushroom productivity, of about 28% for both Mg salts. The dry matter content in fruiting bodies was significantly lower in the treatment in which 210 mg of Mg was applied as MgSO4 in comparison to the control. Supplementation effectively increased the Mg content in fruiting bodies of P. djamor by 19–85% depending on the treatment, and significantly affected the level of remaining bioelements and anions. One hundred grams of pink oyster fruiting bodies, supplemented with Mg salts, provides more than 20% of the Mg dietary value recommended by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA); thus, supplementation can be an effective technique for producing mushrooms that are rich in dietary Mg. Although P. djamor grown in supplemented substrate showed lower productivity, this was evident only in the fresh weight because the differences in dry weight were negligible. Mg supplementation increased the antioxidant activity of the fruiting bodies, phenolic compounds, and some amino acids, including L-tryptophan, and vitamins (thiamine and l-ascorbic acid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Zięba
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland; (P.Z.); (E.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Sękara
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland; (P.Z.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Emilia Bernaś
- Department of Plant Product Technology and Nutrition Hygiene, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 122 Balicka Street, 30-149 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Agata Krakowska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (K.S.-Z.); (B.M.)
| | - Edward Kunicki
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland; (P.Z.); (E.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Suchanek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Bożena Muszyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (K.S.-Z.); (B.M.)
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He H, Du H, Liu R, Liu T, Yang L, Gong S, Tang Z, Du H, Liu C, Han R, Sun W, Wang L, Zhu S. Characterization of a new gene for resistance to wheat powdery mildew on chromosome 1RL of wild rye Secale sylvestre. Theor Appl Genet 2021; 134:887-896. [PMID: 33388886 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PmSESY, a new wheat powdery mildew resistance gene was characterized and genetically mapped to the terminal region of chromosome 1RL of wild rye Secale sylvestre. The genus Secale is an important resource for wheat improvement. The Secale species are usually considered as non-adapted hosts of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) that causes wheat powdery mildew. However, as a wild species of cultivated rye, S. sylvestre is rarely studied. Here, we reported that 25 S. sylvestre accessions were susceptible to isolate BgtYZ01, whereas the other five confer effective resistance to all the tested isolates of Bgt. A population was then constructed by crossing the resistant accession SESY-01 with the susceptible accession SESY-11. Genetic analysis showed that the resistance in SESY-01 was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated as PmSESY. Subsequently, combining bulked segregant RNA-Seq (BSR-Seq) analysis with molecular analysis, PmSESY was mapped into a 1.88 cM genetic interval in the terminus of the long arm of 1R, which was closely flanked by markers Xss06 and Xss09 with genetic distances of 0.87 cM and 1.01 cM, respectively. Comparative mapping demonstrated that the corresponding physical region of the PmSESY locus was about 3.81 Mb in rye cv. Lo7 genome, where 30 disease resistance-related genes were annotated, including five NLR-type disease resistance genes, three kinase family protein genes, three leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase genes and so on. This study gives a new insight into S. sylvestre that shows divergence in response to Bgt and reports a new powdery mildew resistance gene that has potential to be used for resistance improvement in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagang He
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- School of Environment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Haonan Du
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Renkang Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Tianlei Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Shuangjun Gong
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Zongxiang Tang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Haimei Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Crop Research Institution, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Ran Han
- Crop Research Institution, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Weihong Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Lei Wang
- INDEL Biological Technology Corporation, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Shanying Zhu
- School of Environment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Choińska R, Piasecka-Jóźwiak K, Chabłowska B, Dumka J, Łukaszewicz A. Biocontrol ability and volatile organic compounds production as a putative mode of action of yeast strains isolated from organic grapes and rye grains. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:1135-1146. [PMID: 32372375 PMCID: PMC7334268 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The inhibiting activity of three yeast strains belonging to Pichia kudriavzevii, Pichia occidentalis, and Meyerozyma quilliermondii/Meyerozyma caribbica genera against common plant pathogens representing Mucor spp., Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium cereals, Fusarium poae, as well as Botrytis cinerea genera was investigated. The yeast strains tested had a positive impact on growth inhibition of all target plant pathogens. The degree of inhibition was more than 50% and varied depending on both the yeast antagonist and the mold. Ethyl esters of medium-chain fatty acids, phenylethyl alcohol, and its acetate ester prevailed among the analyzed volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by yeasts in the presence of the target plant pathogens. Due to the method used, assuming no contact between the antagonist and the pathogen, the antagonistic activity of the yeast strains studied resulted mainly from the production of biologically active VOCs. Moreover, the antagonistic activity was not only restricted to a single plant pathogen but effective towards molds of different genera, making the yeast strains studied very useful for potential application in biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Choińska
- Department of Fermentation Technology, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 36 Rakowiecka, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Piasecka-Jóźwiak
- Department of Fermentation Technology, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 36 Rakowiecka, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Chabłowska
- Department of Fermentation Technology, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 36 Rakowiecka, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Dumka
- Department of Fermentation Technology, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 36 Rakowiecka, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Łukaszewicz
- Department of Fermentation Technology, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 36 Rakowiecka, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
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Li J, Dundas I, Dong C, Li G, Trethowan R, Yang Z, Hoxha S, Zhang P. Identification and characterization of a new stripe rust resistance gene Yr83 on rye chromosome 6R in wheat. Theor Appl Genet 2020; 133:1095-1107. [PMID: 31955232 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A physical map of Secale cereale chromosome 6R was constructed using deletion mapping, and a new stripe rust resistance gene Yr83 was mapped to the deletion bin of FL 0.73-1.00 of 6RL. Rye (Secale cereale L., RR) possesses valuable genes for wheat improvement. In the current study, we report a resistance gene conferring stripe rust resistance effective from seedling to adult plant stages located on chromosome 6R. This chromosome was derived from triticale line T-701 and also carries highly effective resistance to the cereal cyst nematode species Heterodera avenae Woll. A wheat-rye 6R(6D) disomic substitution line exhibited high levels of seedling resistance to Australian pathotypes of the stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici; Pst) pathogen and showed an even greater resistance to the Chinese Pst pathotypes in the field. Ten chromosome 6R deletion lines and five wheat-rye 6R translocation lines were developed earlier in the attempt to transfer the nematode resistance gene to wheat and used herein to map the stripe rust resistance gene. These lines were subsequently characterized by sequential multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mc-FISH), genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), mc-GISH, PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG), and chromosome 6R-specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-Seq) marker analyses to physically map the stripe rust resistance gene. The new stripe rust resistance locus was located in a chromosomal bin with fraction length (FL) 0.73-1.00 on 6RL and was named Yr83. A wheat-rye translocation line T6RL (#5) carrying the stripe rust resistance gene will be useful as a new germplasm in breeding for resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Li
- Plant Breeding Institute, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, 2570, Australia
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Ian Dundas
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
| | - Chongmei Dong
- Plant Breeding Institute, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Guangrong Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Richard Trethowan
- Plant Breeding Institute, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Zujun Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Sami Hoxha
- Plant Breeding Institute, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Peng Zhang
- Plant Breeding Institute, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, 2570, Australia.
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10
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Li G, Tang L, Yin Y, Zhang A, Yu Z, Yang E, Tang Z, Fu S, Yang Z. Molecular dissection of Secale africanum chromosome 6R afr in wheat enabled localization of genes for resistance to powdery mildew and stripe rust. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:134. [PMID: 32234016 PMCID: PMC7106737 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Introgression of chromatin from Secale species into common wheat has for decades been a successful strategy for controlling the wheat diseases. The wild Secale species, Secale africanum Stapf., is a valuable source for resistance to foliar disease of wheat. A wheat-S. africanum chromosome 6Rafr substitution line displayed resistance to both powdery mildew and stripe rust at the adult-plant stage. RESULTS Wheat-S. africanum chromosome 6Rafr deletion and translocation lines were produced and identified by sequential non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) using multiple Oligo-based probes. Different ND-FISH patterns were observed between S. cereale 6R and S. africanum 6Rafr. With reference to the physical map of the draft genome sequence of rye inbred line Lo7, a comprehensive PCR marker analysis indicated that insertions and deletions had occurred by random exchange between chromosomes 6R and 6Rafr. A survey of the wheat- S. africanum 6Rafr lines for disease resistance indicated that a powdery mildew resistance gene(s) was present on the long arm of 6Rafr at FL0.85-1.00, and that a stripe rust resistance gene(s) was located in the terminal region of 6RafrS at FL0.95-1.00. The wheat-S. africanum 6Rafr introgression lines also displayed superior agronomic traits, indicating that the chromosome 6Rafr may have little linkage drag in the wheat background. CONCLUSIONS The combination of molecular and cytogenetic methods allowed to precisely identify the chromosome rearrangements in wheat- S. africanum 6Rafr substitution, deletion and translocation lines, and compare the structural difference between chromosomes 6R and 6Rafr. The wheat- S. africanum 6Rafr lines containing gene(s) for powdery mildew and stripe rust resistance could be used as novel germplasm for wheat breeding by chromosome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrong Li
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingrong Tang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Ahui Zhang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhihui Yu
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Ennian Yang
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Zongxiang Tang
- Province Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shulan Fu
- Province Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zujun Yang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China.
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11
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Ma P, Han G, Zheng Q, Liu S, Han F, Wang J, Luo Q, An D. Development of Novel Wheat-Rye Chromosome 4R Translocations and Assignment of Their Powdery Mildew Resistance. Plant Dis 2020; 104:260-268. [PMID: 31644391 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-19-0160-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rye (Secale cereale L.) is an important gene donor for wheat improvement because of its many valuable traits, especially disease resistance. Development of novel wheat-rye translocations with disease resistance can contribute to transferring resistance into common wheat. In a previous study, a wheat-rye T4BL·4RL and T7AS·4RS translocation line (WR41-1) was developed by distant hybridization, and it was speculated that its resistance to powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), was derived from rye based on pedigree analysis. To make accurate use of chromosome 4R in wheat improvement, a set of new 4R translocations involving different arm translocations (e.g., 4RS monosomic, 4RL monosomic, 4RL disomic, 4RS monosomic plus 4RL monosomic, 4RS monosomic plus 4RL disomic, and 4RS disomic plus 4RL disomic translocations) was developed from crosses with common wheat. Those translocations were characterized by genomic in situ hybridization and expressed sequence tag simple sequence repeat marker analysis. To confirm the source of powdery mildew resistance, the translocation plants were tested against Bgt isolate E09. The results indicated that all translocations with 4RL were resistant at all tested growth stages, whereas those with only 4RS translocation or no alien translocation were susceptible. This further indicated that the powdery mildew resistance of WR41-1 was derived from the alien chromosome arm 4RL. To effectively use 4RL resistance in wheat improvement, two competitive allele-specific PCR markers specific for chromosome arm 4RL were developed to detect the alien chromosome in the wheat genome. These new translocation lines with diagnostic markers can efficiently serve as important bridges for wheat improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Ma
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Guohao Han
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Fangpu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Qiaoling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Diaoguo An
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
- Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Kuligowski M, López Otero R, Polanowska K, Montet D, Jasińska-Kuligowska I, Nowak J. Influence of fermentation by different microflora consortia on pulque and pulque bread properties. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:6307-6314. [PMID: 31260113 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulque bread is a traditional Mexican product obtained by fermentation using microflora present only in pulque. In this study, the possibility of creating a pulque microbial consortium under laboratory conditions and its applications were evaluated. A laboratory-made consortium was compared with a consortium originating in Mexico in bread and pulque production. They were tested in various growth medium systems: pulque made from agave sap and malt extract, Mexican wheat and rye pulque bread, and European wheat and rye bread. RESULTS Depending on the growth medium, consortiums showed differing influence on many factors, such as specific volume, weight loss after baking, soluble proteins, and crust and crumb color. Indigenous starters increased sensorial acceptance of pulque and Mexican rye bread, decreased pH, and increased titratable acidity of the breads at the highest level whereas laboratory consortia improved sensory acceptance of wheat breads. The laboratory-prepared starter in some cases improved antiradical activity. All pulques received similar consumer evaluations. However, malt pulque was the least appreciated beverage. CONCLUSION The results show the possibility of creating a pulque microbial consortium under laboratory conditions. Depending on the flour type and the breadmaking technique, the use of a particular microbial consortium allowed modification of certain physicochemical parameters. In conclusion, it is feasible to modify bread parameters to obtain features corresponding to consumer demands by using an appropriate microflora, pulque, or flour type. Moreover, this research describes, for the first time, the use of rye malt for pulque and rye flour for pulque bread preparation as raw materials. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Kuligowski
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ricardo López Otero
- La Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100, Colonia Centro, Toluca de Lerdo, Mexico
| | - Katarzyna Polanowska
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Didier Montet
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Iwona Jasińska-Kuligowska
- Department of Food Commodity, Faculty of Commodity Sciences, Poznań University of Economics and Business, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek Nowak
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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13
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Bourras S, Kunz L, Xue M, Praz CR, Müller MC, Kälin C, Schläfli M, Ackermann P, Flückiger S, Parlange F, Menardo F, Schaefer LK, Ben-David R, Roffler S, Oberhaensli S, Widrig V, Lindner S, Isaksson J, Wicker T, Yu D, Keller B. The AvrPm3-Pm3 effector-NLR interactions control both race-specific resistance and host-specificity of cereal mildews on wheat. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2292. [PMID: 31123263 PMCID: PMC6533294 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The wheat Pm3 resistance gene against the powdery mildew pathogen occurs as an allelic series encoding functionally different immune receptors which induce resistance upon recognition of isolate-specific avirulence (AVR) effectors from the pathogen. Here, we describe the identification of five effector proteins from the mildew pathogens of wheat, rye, and the wild grass Dactylis glomerata, specifically recognized by the PM3B, PM3C and PM3D receptors. Together with the earlier identified AVRPM3A2/F2, the recognized AVRs of PM3B/C, (AVRPM3B2/C2), and PM3D (AVRPM3D3) belong to a large group of proteins with low sequence homology but predicted structural similarities. AvrPm3b2/c2 and AvrPm3d3 are conserved in all tested isolates of wheat and rye mildew, and non-host infection assays demonstrate that Pm3b, Pm3c, and Pm3d are also restricting the growth of rye mildew on wheat. Furthermore, divergent AVR homologues from non-adapted rye and Dactylis mildews are recognized by PM3B, PM3C, or PM3D, demonstrating their involvement in host specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Bourras
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Division of Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lukas Kunz
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Minfeng Xue
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Central China, Wuhan, 430064, China
- College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Coraline Rosalie Praz
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marion Claudia Müller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carol Kälin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schläfli
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Ackermann
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Flückiger
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francis Parlange
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Menardo
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Roi Ben-David
- Institute of Plant Science, ARO-Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Stefan Roffler
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Oberhaensli
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Widrig
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Lindner
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonatan Isaksson
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wicker
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dazhao Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Central China, Wuhan, 430064, China.
- College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Beat Keller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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An D, Ma P, Zheng Q, Fu S, Li L, Han F, Han G, Wang J, Xu Y, Jin Y, Luo Q, Zhang X. Development and molecular cytogenetic identification of a new wheat-rye 4R chromosome disomic addition line with resistances to powdery mildew, stripe rust and sharp eyespot. Theor Appl Genet 2019; 132:257-272. [PMID: 30374527 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A wheat-rye 4R chromosome disomic addition line with resistances to powdery mildew, stripe rust, sharp eyespot and high kernel number per spike was developed and characterized by molecular cytogenetic method as novel resistant germplasm. Rye (Secale cereale L.), a close relative of common wheat, is an important and valuable gene donor with multiple disease resistance for wheat improvement. However, resistance genes derived from rye have successively lost resistance to pathogens due to the coevolution of pathogen virulence and host resistance. Development and identification of new effective resistance gene sources from rye therefore are of special importance and urgency. In the present study, a wheat-rye line WR35 was produced through distant hybridization, embryo rescue culture, chromosome doubling and backcrossing. WR35 was then proven to be a new wheat-rye 4R disomic addition line using sequential GISH (genomic in situ hybridization), mc-FISH (multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization) and ND-FISH (non-denaturing FISH) with multiple probes, mc-GISH (multicolor GISH), rye chromosome arm-specific marker analysis and SLAF-seq (specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing) analysis. At the adult stage, WR35 exhibited high levels of resistance to the powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, Bgt) and stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Pst) pathogens prevalent in China, and a highly virulent isolate of Rhizoctonia cerealis, the cause of wheat sharp eyespot. At the seedling stage, it was highly resistant to 22 of 23 Bgt isolates and four Pst races. Based on its disease responses to different pathogen isolates, WR35 may possess resistance gene(s) for powdery mildew, stripe rust and sharp eyespot, which differed from the known resistance genes from rye. In addition, WR35 was cytologically stable and produced high kernel number per spike. Therefore, WR35 with multi-disease resistances and desirable agronomic traits should serve as a promising bridging parent for wheat chromosome engineering breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diaoguo An
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Pengtao Ma
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shulan Fu
- Province Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lihui Li
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangpu Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guohao Han
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuli Jin
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiaoling Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
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15
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Du H, Tang Z, Duan Q, Tang S, Fu S. Using the 6RL Ku Minichromosome of Rye ( Secale cereale L.) to Create Wheat-Rye 6D/6RL Ku Small Segment Translocation Lines with Powdery Mildew Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123933. [PMID: 30544574 PMCID: PMC6320790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long arms of rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome 6 (6RL) carry powdery mildew resistance genes. However, these sources of resistance have not yet been successfully used in commercial wheat cultivars. The development of small segment translocation chromosomes carrying resistance may result in lines carrying the 6R chromosome becoming more commercially acceptable. However, no wheat-rye 6RL small segment translocation line with powdery mildew resistance has been reported. In this study, a wheat-rye 6RLKu minichromosome addition line with powdery mildew resistance was identified, and this minichromosome was derived from the segment between L2.5 and L2.8 of the 6RLKu chromosome arm. Following irradiation, the 6RLKu minichromosome divided into two smaller segments, named 6RLKumi200 and 6RLKumi119, and these fragments participated in the formation of wheat-rye small segment translocation chromosomes 6DS/6RLKumi200 and 6DL/6RLKumi119, respectively. The powdery mildew resistance gene was found to be located on the 6RLKumi119 segment. Sixteen 6RLKumi119-specific markers were developed, and their products were cloned and sequenced. Nucleotide BLAST searches indicated that 14 of the 16 sequences had 91–100% similarity with nine scaffolds derived from 6R chromosome of S. cereale L. Lo7. The small segment translocation chromosome 6DL/6RLKumi119 makes the practical utilization in agriculture of powdery mildew resistance gene on 6RLKu more likely. The nine scaffolds are useful for further studying the structure and function of this small segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Zongxiang Tang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Qiong Duan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Shuyao Tang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Shulan Fu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China.
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16
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Jin Z, Gillespie J, Barr J, Wiersma JJ, Sorrells ME, Zwinger S, Gross T, Cumming J, Bergstrom GC, Brueggeman R, Horsley RD, Schwarz PB. Malting of Fusarium Head Blight-Infected Rye ( Secale cereale): Growth of Fusarium graminearum, Trichothecene Production, and the Impact on Malt Quality. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E369. [PMID: 30208600 PMCID: PMC6162642 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10090369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This project was initiated with the goal of investigating the malt quality of winter rye cultivars and hybrids grown in the United States in 2014 and 2015, but high levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) were subsequently found in many of the malt samples. DON levels in 75% of the investigated rye samples (n = 117) were actually below 1.0 mg/kg, as quantified by a gas chromatography combined with electron capture detector (GC-ECD). However, 83% of the samples had DON in excess of 1.0 mg/kg following malting, and the average DON level in malted rye was 10.6 mg/kg. In addition, relatively high levels of 3-acetate DON (3-ADON), 15-acetate DON (15-ADON), nivalenol (NIV), and DON-3-glucoside (D3G) were observed in some rye malts. Our results show that rye grain DON is likely a poor predicator of type B trichothecenes in malt in practice, because high levels of malt DON, 15-ADONm and D3G were produced, even when the rye samples with DON levels below 0.50 mg/kg were processed. Fusarium Tri5 DNA content in rye was highly associated with malt DON levels (r = 0.83) in a small subset of samples (n = 55). The impact of Fusarium infection on malt quality was demonstrated by the significant correlations between malt DON levels and wort viscosity, β-glucan content, wort color, wort p-coumaric acid content, and total phenolic content. Additional correlations of rye Fusarium Tri5 DNA contents with malt diastatic power (DP), wort free amino nitrogen (FAN) content, and arabinoxylan content were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jin
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, Dept. 7670, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| | - James Gillespie
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, Dept. 7670, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| | - John Barr
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, Dept. 7670, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| | - Jochum J Wiersma
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Crookston, MN 56716, USA.
| | - Mark E Sorrells
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Steve Zwinger
- Carrington Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 219, Carrington, ND 58421, USA.
| | - Thomas Gross
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, Dept. 7660, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| | - Jaime Cumming
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Gary C Bergstrom
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Robert Brueggeman
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, Dept. 7660, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| | - Richard D Horsley
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, Dept. 7670, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| | - Paul B Schwarz
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, Dept. 7670, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
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17
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Kind S, Schurack S, Hinsch J, Tudzynski P. Brachypodium distachyon as alternative model host system for the ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea. Mol Plant Pathol 2018; 19:1005-1011. [PMID: 28452203 PMCID: PMC6638158 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To investigate its susceptibility to ergot infection, we inoculated Brachypodium distachyon with Claviceps purpurea and compared the infection symptoms with those on rye (Secale cereale). We showed that, after inoculation of Brachypodium with Claviceps, the same disease symptoms occurred in comparable temporal and spatial patterns to those on rye. The infection rate of Claviceps on this host was reduced compared with rye, but the disease could be surveyed by fungal genomic DNA quantification. Mutants of Claviceps which were virulence attenuated on rye were also affected on Brachypodium. We were able to show that pathogenesis-related gene expression changed in a typical manner for biotrophic pathogen attack. Our results indicated that the Claviceps-Brachypodium interaction was dependent on salicylic acid, cytokinin and auxin. We consider Brachypodium to be a suitable and useful alternative host; the increased sensitivity compared with rye will be valuable for the identification of infection mechanisms. Future progess in understanding the Claviceps-plant interaction will be facilitated by the use of a well-characterized model host system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kind
- Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of PlantsWestphalian Wilhelms UniversitySchlossplatz 8, Muenster D‐48143Germany
| | - Selma Schurack
- Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of PlantsWestphalian Wilhelms UniversitySchlossplatz 8, Muenster D‐48143Germany
- Present address:
Chair of Terrestrial MicrobiologyCEPLAS/Institute of Botany, University of CologneZülpicher Straße 47a, Cologne D‐50674Germany.
| | - Janine Hinsch
- Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of PlantsWestphalian Wilhelms UniversitySchlossplatz 8, Muenster D‐48143Germany
| | - Paul Tudzynski
- Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of PlantsWestphalian Wilhelms UniversitySchlossplatz 8, Muenster D‐48143Germany
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18
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Milczarski P, Masojć P, Krajewski P, Stochmal A, Kowalczyk M, Angelov M, Ivanova V, Schollenberger M, Wakuliński W, Banaszak Z, Banaszak K, Rakoczy-Trojanowska M. QTL mapping for benzoxazinoid content, preharvest sprouting, α-amylase activity, and leaf rust resistance in rye (Secale cereale L.). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189912. [PMID: 29267335 PMCID: PMC5739458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mapping population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) representing 541 × Ot1-3 cross exhibited wide variations of benzoxazinoid (BX) content in leaves and roots, brown rust resistance, α-amylase activity in the grain, and resistance to preharvest sprouting. QTL mapping of major BX species using a DArT-based map revealed a complex genetic architecture underlying the production of these main secondary metabolites engaged in stress and allelopathy responses. The synthesis of BX in leaves and roots was found to be regulated by different QTL. The QTL for the BX content, rust resistance, α-amylase activity, and preharvest sprouting partially overlapped; this points to their common genetic regulation by a definite subset of genes. Only one QTL for BX located on chromosome 7R coincided with the loci of the ScBx genes, which were mapped as two clusters on chromosomes 5RS (Bx3-Bx5) and 7R (Bx1-Bx2). The QTL common for several BX species, rust resistance, preharvest sprouting, and α-amylase activity are interesting objects for further exploration aimed at developing common markers for these important agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Milczarski
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Piotr Masojć
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Krajewski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Stochmal
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation–State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kowalczyk
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation–State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Mihail Angelov
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Monika Rakoczy-Trojanowska
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
- Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden—Centre For Biological Diversity Conservation in Powsin Warszawa, Poland
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19
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Oeser B, Kind S, Schurack S, Schmutzer T, Tudzynski P, Hinsch J. Cross-talk of the biotrophic pathogen Claviceps purpurea and its host Secale cereale. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:273. [PMID: 28372538 PMCID: PMC5379732 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The economically important Ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea is an interesting biotrophic model system because of its strict organ specificity (grass ovaries) and the lack of any detectable plant defense reactions. Though several virulence factors were identified, the exact infection mechanisms are unknown, e.g. how the fungus masks its attack and if the host detects the infection at all. RESULTS We present a first dual transcriptome analysis using an RNA-Seq approach. We studied both, fungal and plant gene expression in young ovaries infected by the wild-type and two virulence-attenuated mutants. We can show that the plant recognizes the fungus, since defense related genes are upregulated, especially several phytohormone genes. We present a survey of in planta expressed fungal genes, among them several confirmed virulence genes. Interestingly, the set of most highly expressed genes includes a high proportion of genes encoding putative effectors, small secreted proteins which might be involved in masking the fungal attack or interfering with host defense reactions. As known from several other phytopathogens, the C. purpurea genome contains more than 400 of such genes, many of them clustered and probably highly redundant. Since the lack of effective defense reactions in spite of recognition of the fungus could very well be achieved by effectors, we started a functional analysis of some of the most highly expressed candidates. However, the redundancy of the system made the identification of a drastic effect of a single gene most unlikely. We can show that at least one candidate accumulates in the plant apoplast. Deletion of some candidates led to a reduced virulence of C. purpurea on rye, indicating a role of the respective proteins during the infection process. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that- despite the absence of effective plant defense reactions- the biotrophic pathogen C. purpurea is detected by its host. This points to a role of effectors in modulation of the effective plant response. Indeed, several putative effector genes are among the highest expressed genes in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitt Oeser
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, D-48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Sabine Kind
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, D-48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Selma Schurack
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, D-48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmutzer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Paul Tudzynski
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, D-48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Janine Hinsch
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, D-48143 Münster, Germany
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20
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Koistinen VM, Nordlund E, Katina K, Mattila I, Poutanen K, Hanhineva K, Aura AM. Effect of Bioprocessing on the In Vitro Colonic Microbial Metabolism of Phenolic Acids from Rye Bran Fortified Breads. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:1854-1864. [PMID: 28206756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cereal bran is an important source of dietary fiber and bioactive compounds, such as phenolic acids. We aimed to study the phenolic acid metabolism of native and bioprocessed rye bran fortified refined wheat bread and to elucidate the microbial metabolic route of phenolic acids. After incubation in an in vitro colon model, the metabolites were analyzed using two different methods applying mass spectrometry. While phenolic acids were released more extensively from the bioprocessed bran bread and ferulic acid had consistently higher concentrations in the bread type during fermentation, there were only minor differences in the appearance of microbial metabolites, including the diminished levels of certain phenylacetic acids in the bioprocessed bran. This may be due to rye matrix properties, saturation of ferulic acid metabolism, or a rapid formation of intermediary metabolites left undetected. In addition, we provide expansion to the known metabolic pathways of phenolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville M Koistinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland , Post Office Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Emilia Nordlund
- Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) , Post Office Box 1000, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kati Katina
- Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) , Post Office Box 1000, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki , Post Office Box 66, Agnes Sjöbergin Katu 2, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ismo Mattila
- Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) , Post Office Box 1000, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
- Steno Diabetes Center , Niels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) , Post Office Box 1000, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland , Post Office Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Marja Aura
- Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) , Post Office Box 1000, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
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21
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Praz CR, Bourras S, Zeng F, Sánchez‐Martín J, Menardo F, Xue M, Yang L, Roffler S, Böni R, Herren G, McNally KE, Ben‐David R, Parlange F, Oberhaensli S, Flückiger S, Schäfer LK, Wicker T, Yu D, Keller B. AvrPm2 encodes an RNase-like avirulence effector which is conserved in the two different specialized forms of wheat and rye powdery mildew fungus. New Phytol 2017; 213:1301-1314. [PMID: 27935041 PMCID: PMC5347869 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There is a large diversity of genetically defined resistance genes in bread wheat against the powdery mildew pathogen Blumeria graminis (B. g.) f. sp. tritici. Many confer race-specific resistance to this pathogen, but until now only the mildew avirulence gene AvrPm3a2/f2 that is recognized by Pm3a/f was known molecularly. We performed map-based cloning and genome-wide association studies to isolate a candidate for the mildew avirulence gene AvrPm2. We then used transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana to demonstrate specific and strong recognition of AvrPm2 by Pm2. The virulent AvrPm2 allele arose from a conserved 12 kb deletion, while there is no protein sequence diversity in the gene pool of avirulent B. g. tritici isolates. We found one polymorphic AvrPm2 allele in B. g. triticale and one orthologue in B. g. secalis and both are recognized by Pm2. AvrPm2 belongs to a small gene family encoding structurally conserved RNase-like effectors, including Avra13 from B. g. hordei, the cognate Avr of the barley resistance gene Mla13. These results demonstrate the conservation of functional avirulence genes in two cereal powdery mildews specialized on different hosts, thus providing a possible explanation for successful introgression of resistance genes from rye or other grass relatives to wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coraline R. Praz
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZürichZürich8008Switzerland
| | - Salim Bourras
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZürichZürich8008Switzerland
| | - Fansong Zeng
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil ScienceHubei Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan430064China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Central ChinaWuhan430064China
- College of Life ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | | | - Fabrizio Menardo
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZürichZürich8008Switzerland
| | - Minfeng Xue
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil ScienceHubei Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan430064China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Central ChinaWuhan430064China
- College of Life ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil ScienceHubei Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan430064China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Central ChinaWuhan430064China
- College of Life ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Stefan Roffler
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZürichZürich8008Switzerland
| | - Rainer Böni
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZürichZürich8008Switzerland
| | - Gerard Herren
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZürichZürich8008Switzerland
| | - Kaitlin E. McNally
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZürichZürich8008Switzerland
| | - Roi Ben‐David
- Institute of Plant ScienceARO‐Volcani CenterBet Dagan50250Israel
| | - Francis Parlange
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZürichZürich8008Switzerland
| | - Simone Oberhaensli
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZürichZürich8008Switzerland
| | - Simon Flückiger
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZürichZürich8008Switzerland
| | - Luisa K. Schäfer
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZürichZürich8008Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wicker
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZürichZürich8008Switzerland
| | - Dazhao Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil ScienceHubei Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan430064China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Central ChinaWuhan430064China
- College of Life ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Beat Keller
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZürichZürich8008Switzerland
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22
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Miedaner T, Schmitt AK, Klocke B, Schmiedchen B, Wilde P, Spieß H, Szabo L, Koch S, Flath K. Analyzing Genetic Diversity for Virulence and Resistance Phenotypes in Populations of Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. secalis) and Winter Rye (Secale cereale). Phytopathology 2016; 106:1335-1343. [PMID: 27349739 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-15-0252-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. secalis) leads to considerable yield losses in rye-growing areas with continental climate, from Eastern Germany to Siberia. For implementing resistance breeding, it is of utmost importance to (i) analyze the diversity of stem rust populations in terms of pathotypes (= virulence combinations) and (ii) identify resistance sources in winter rye populations. We analyzed 323 single-uredinial isolates mainly collected from German rye-growing areas across 3 years for their avirulence/virulence on 15 rye inbred differentials. Out of these, 226 pathotypes were detected and only 56 pathotypes occurred more than once. This high diversity was confirmed by a Simpson index of 1.0, a high Shannon index (5.27), and an evenness index of 0.97. In parallel, we investigated stem rust resistance among and within 121 heterogeneous rye populations originating mainly from Russia, Poland, Austria, and the United States across 3 to 15 environments (location-year combinations). While German rye populations had an average stem rust severity of 49.7%, 23 nonadapted populations were significantly (P < 0.01) more resistant with a stem rust severity ranging from 3 to 40%. Out of these, two modern Russian breeding populations and two old Austrian landraces were the best harboring 32 to 70% fully resistant plants across 8 to 10 environments. These populations with the lowest disease severity in adult-plant stage in the field also displayed resistance in leaf segment tests. In conclusion, stem rust populations are highly diverse and the majority of resistances in rye populations seems to be race specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Miedaner
- First and eighth authors: State Plant Breeding Institute, Universität Hohenheim (720), Fruwirthstrasse 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; second, third, and ninth authors: Julius-Kühn Institute, Institute of Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Stahnsdorfer Damm 81, 14532 Kleinmachnow, Germany; fourth and fifth authors: KWS LOCHOW GMBH, Bergen, Germany; and sixth and seventh authors: Landbauschule Dottenfelderhof e.V., 61118 Bad Vilbel, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Schmitt
- First and eighth authors: State Plant Breeding Institute, Universität Hohenheim (720), Fruwirthstrasse 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; second, third, and ninth authors: Julius-Kühn Institute, Institute of Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Stahnsdorfer Damm 81, 14532 Kleinmachnow, Germany; fourth and fifth authors: KWS LOCHOW GMBH, Bergen, Germany; and sixth and seventh authors: Landbauschule Dottenfelderhof e.V., 61118 Bad Vilbel, Germany
| | - Bettina Klocke
- First and eighth authors: State Plant Breeding Institute, Universität Hohenheim (720), Fruwirthstrasse 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; second, third, and ninth authors: Julius-Kühn Institute, Institute of Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Stahnsdorfer Damm 81, 14532 Kleinmachnow, Germany; fourth and fifth authors: KWS LOCHOW GMBH, Bergen, Germany; and sixth and seventh authors: Landbauschule Dottenfelderhof e.V., 61118 Bad Vilbel, Germany
| | - Brigitta Schmiedchen
- First and eighth authors: State Plant Breeding Institute, Universität Hohenheim (720), Fruwirthstrasse 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; second, third, and ninth authors: Julius-Kühn Institute, Institute of Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Stahnsdorfer Damm 81, 14532 Kleinmachnow, Germany; fourth and fifth authors: KWS LOCHOW GMBH, Bergen, Germany; and sixth and seventh authors: Landbauschule Dottenfelderhof e.V., 61118 Bad Vilbel, Germany
| | - Peer Wilde
- First and eighth authors: State Plant Breeding Institute, Universität Hohenheim (720), Fruwirthstrasse 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; second, third, and ninth authors: Julius-Kühn Institute, Institute of Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Stahnsdorfer Damm 81, 14532 Kleinmachnow, Germany; fourth and fifth authors: KWS LOCHOW GMBH, Bergen, Germany; and sixth and seventh authors: Landbauschule Dottenfelderhof e.V., 61118 Bad Vilbel, Germany
| | - Hartmut Spieß
- First and eighth authors: State Plant Breeding Institute, Universität Hohenheim (720), Fruwirthstrasse 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; second, third, and ninth authors: Julius-Kühn Institute, Institute of Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Stahnsdorfer Damm 81, 14532 Kleinmachnow, Germany; fourth and fifth authors: KWS LOCHOW GMBH, Bergen, Germany; and sixth and seventh authors: Landbauschule Dottenfelderhof e.V., 61118 Bad Vilbel, Germany
| | - Lilla Szabo
- First and eighth authors: State Plant Breeding Institute, Universität Hohenheim (720), Fruwirthstrasse 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; second, third, and ninth authors: Julius-Kühn Institute, Institute of Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Stahnsdorfer Damm 81, 14532 Kleinmachnow, Germany; fourth and fifth authors: KWS LOCHOW GMBH, Bergen, Germany; and sixth and seventh authors: Landbauschule Dottenfelderhof e.V., 61118 Bad Vilbel, Germany
| | - Silvia Koch
- First and eighth authors: State Plant Breeding Institute, Universität Hohenheim (720), Fruwirthstrasse 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; second, third, and ninth authors: Julius-Kühn Institute, Institute of Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Stahnsdorfer Damm 81, 14532 Kleinmachnow, Germany; fourth and fifth authors: KWS LOCHOW GMBH, Bergen, Germany; and sixth and seventh authors: Landbauschule Dottenfelderhof e.V., 61118 Bad Vilbel, Germany
| | - Kerstin Flath
- First and eighth authors: State Plant Breeding Institute, Universität Hohenheim (720), Fruwirthstrasse 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; second, third, and ninth authors: Julius-Kühn Institute, Institute of Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Stahnsdorfer Damm 81, 14532 Kleinmachnow, Germany; fourth and fifth authors: KWS LOCHOW GMBH, Bergen, Germany; and sixth and seventh authors: Landbauschule Dottenfelderhof e.V., 61118 Bad Vilbel, Germany
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Qi W, Tang Y, Zhu W, Li D, Diao C, Xu L, Zeng J, Wang Y, Fan X, Sha L, Zhang H, Zheng Y, Zhou Y, Kang H. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of a new wheat-rye 1BL•1RS translocation line expressing superior stripe rust resistance and enhanced grain yield. Planta 2016; 244:405-16. [PMID: 27084678 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A new wheat-rye 1BL•1RS translocation line, with the characteristics of superior stripe rust resistance and high thousand-kernel weight and grain number per spike, was developed and identified from progenies of wheat-rye- Psathyrostachys huashanica trigeneric hybrids. The wheat-rye 1BL•1RS translocation line from Petkus rye has contributed substantially to the world wheat production. However, due to extensive growing of cultivars with disease resistance genes from short arm of rye chromosome 1R and coevolution of pathogen virulence and host resistance, these cultivars successively lost resistance to pathogens. In this study, a new wheat-rye line K13-868, derived from the progenies of wheat-rye-Psathyrostachys huashanica trigeneric hybrids, was identified and analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE), and molecular markers. Cytological studies indicated that the mean chromosome configuration of K13-868 at meiosis was 2n = 42 = 0.14 I + 18.78 II (ring) + 2.15 II (rod). Sequential FISH and GISH results demonstrated that K13-868 was a compensating wheat-rye 1BL•1RS Robertsonian translocation line. Acid PAGE analysis revealed that clear specific bands of rye 1RS were expressed in K13-868. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) and rye 1RS-specific markers ω-sec-p1/ω-sec-p2 and O-SEC5'-A/O-SEC3'-R suggested that the 1BS arm of wheat had been substituted by the 1RS arm of rye. At the seedling and adult growth stage, compared with its recurrent wheat parent SM51 and six other wheat cultivars containing the 1RS arm in southwestern China, K13-868 showed high levels of resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Pst) pathogens prevalent in China, which are virulent to Yr10 and Yr24/Yr26. In addition, K13-868 expresses higher thousand-kernel weight and more grain number per spike than these controls in two growing seasons, suggesting that this line may carry yield-related genes of rye. This translocation line, with significant characteristics of resistance to stripe rust and high thousand-kernel weight and grain number per spike, could be utilized as a valuable germplasm for wheat improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Qi
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Tang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Daiyan Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengdou Diao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lina Sha
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiqin Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Houyang Kang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Pociecha E, Rapacz M, Dziurka M, Kolasińska I. Mechanisms involved in the regulation of photosynthetic efficiency and carbohydrate partitioning in response to low- and high-temperature flooding triggered in winter rye (Secale cereale) lines with distinct pink snow mold resistances. Plant Physiol Biochem 2016; 104:45-53. [PMID: 27010744 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In terms of climate changes and global warming, winter hardiness could be determined by unfavorable environmental conditions other than frost. These could include flooding from melting snow and/or rain, coincident with fungal diseases. Therefore, we designed an experiment to identify potential common mechanisms of flooding tolerance and snow mold resistance, involving the regulation of photosynthetic efficiency and carbohydrate metabolism at low temperatures. Snow mold-resistant and susceptible winter rye (Secale cereale) plants were characterized by considerably different patterns of response to flooding. These differences were clearer at low temperature, thus confirming a possible role of the observed changes in snow mold tolerance. The resistant plants were characterized by lower PSII quantum yields at low temperature, combined with much higher energy flux for energy dissipation from the PSII reaction center. During flooding, the level of soluble carbohydrates increased in the resistant plants and decreased in the susceptible ones. Thus increase in resistant line was connected with a decrease in the energy dissipation rate in PSII/increased photosynthetic activity (energy flux for electron transport), a lower rate of starch degradation and higher rates of sucrose metabolism in leaves. The resistant lines accumulated larger amounts of total soluble carbohydrates in the crowns than in the leaves. Irrespective of flooding treatment, the resistant lines allocated more sugars for cell wall composition, both in the leaves and crowns. Our results clearly indicated that studies on carbohydrate changes at low temperatures or during anoxia should investigate not only the alterations in water-soluble and storage carbohydrates, but also cell wall carbohydrates. The patterns of changes observed after low and high-temperature flooding were different, indicating separate control mechanisms of these responses. These included changes in the photosynthetic apparatus, starch accumulation and cell wall carbohydrate accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pociecha
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
| | - M Rapacz
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Dziurka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - I Kolasińska
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland
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Bakker MG, Acharya J, Moorman TB, Robertson AE, Kaspar TC. The Potential for Cereal Rye Cover Crops to Host Corn Seedling Pathogens. Phytopathology 2016; 106:591-601. [PMID: 26926485 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-15-0214-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cover cropping is a prevalent conservation practice that offers substantial benefits to soil and water quality. However, winter cereal cover crops preceding corn may diminish beneficial rotation effects because two grass species are grown in succession. Here, we show that rye cover crops host pathogens capable of causing corn seedling disease. We isolated Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum, Pythium sylvaticum, and P. torulosum from roots of rye and demonstrate their pathogenicity on corn seedlings. Over 2 years, we quantified the densities of these organisms in rye roots from several field experiments and at various intervals of time after rye cover crops were terminated. Pathogen load in rye roots differed among fields and among years for particular fields. Each of the four pathogen species increased in density over time on roots of herbicide-terminated rye in at least one field site, suggesting the broad potential for rye cover crops to elevate corn seedling pathogen densities. The radicles of corn seedlings planted following a rye cover crop had higher pathogen densities compared with seedlings following a winter fallow. Management practices that limit seedling disease may be required to allow corn yields to respond positively to improvements in soil quality brought about by cover cropping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Bakker
- First, third, and fifth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, 1015 N University Blvd, Ames, IA 50011; and second and fourth authors: Iowa State University, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, 351 Bessey Hall, Ames 50011
| | - Jyotsna Acharya
- First, third, and fifth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, 1015 N University Blvd, Ames, IA 50011; and second and fourth authors: Iowa State University, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, 351 Bessey Hall, Ames 50011
| | - Thomas B Moorman
- First, third, and fifth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, 1015 N University Blvd, Ames, IA 50011; and second and fourth authors: Iowa State University, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, 351 Bessey Hall, Ames 50011
| | - Alison E Robertson
- First, third, and fifth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, 1015 N University Blvd, Ames, IA 50011; and second and fourth authors: Iowa State University, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, 351 Bessey Hall, Ames 50011
| | - Thomas C Kaspar
- First, third, and fifth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, 1015 N University Blvd, Ames, IA 50011; and second and fourth authors: Iowa State University, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, 351 Bessey Hall, Ames 50011
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26
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Suwannarach N, Bussaban B, Nuangmek W, Pithakpol W, Jirawattanakul B, Matsui K, Lumyong S. Evaluation of Muscodor suthepensis strain CMU-Cib462 as a postharvest biofumigant for tangerine fruit rot caused by Penicillium digitatum. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:339-45. [PMID: 25616221 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated both the in vitro and in vivo biofumigant ability of the endophytic fungus Muscodor suthepensis CMU-Cib462 to control Penicillium digitatum, the main cause of tangerine fruit rot. RESULTS Volatile compounds from M. suthepensis inhibited mycelial growth of the pathogen. The most abundant compound was 2-methylpropanoic acid, followed by 3-methylbutan-1-ol. They showed median effective doses (ED50) on P. digitatum growth of 74.91 ± 0.73 and 250.29 ± 0.29 µL L(-1) airspace respectively. Rye grain was found to be a suitable solid medium for M. suthepensis inoculum production. The results indicated that mycofumigation with a 30 g rye grain culture of M. suthepensis for 12 h controlled tangerine fruit rot. The percentage weight loss and soluble solids concentration of fumigated tangerines were similar to those of non-infected and non-fumigated fruits. CONCLUSION Muscodor suthepensis has potential as a biofumigant for controlling postharvest disease of tangerine fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakarin Suwannarach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Boonsom Bussaban
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Postharvest Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wipornpan Nuangmek
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Wasna Pithakpol
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | | | - Kenji Matsui
- Graduate School of Medicine and Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Postharvest Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Li C, Mörtelmaier C, Winter J, Gallert C. Co-digestion of wheat and rye bread suspensions with source-sorted municipal biowaste. Waste Manag 2015; 40:63-71. [PMID: 25843354 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Acidification of wheat bread (WBS), rye bread (RBS) and fresh biowaste suspensions (FBS), leading to lactate+acetate, lactate+acetate+n-buyrate, and acetate+propionate+n-butyrate, respectively, and biogas production as well as population dynamics were investigated. Co-fermentation of FBS (14 kg m(-3) d(-1) organic loading rate (OLR)) with WBS or RBS was stable up to an OLR of 22 kg m(-3) d(-1) and resulted in up to 3 times as much biogas. During co-fermentation at more than 20 kg m(-3) d(-1) OLR the total population increased more than 2-fold, but the originally low share of propionate-oxidizing bacteria significantly decreased. The proportion of methanogens also decreased. Whereas the proportion of Methanosarcinales to Methanomicrobiales in biowaste and biowaste+WBS remained constant, Methanosarcinales and in particular Methanosaeta spec. in the biowaste+RBS assay almost completely disappeared. Methanomicrobiales increased instead, indicating propionate oxidation via acetate cleavage to CO2 and hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Li
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biology for Engineers and Biotechnology of Wastewater, Am Fasanengarten, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Christoph Mörtelmaier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biology for Engineers and Biotechnology of Wastewater, Am Fasanengarten, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Josef Winter
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biology for Engineers and Biotechnology of Wastewater, Am Fasanengarten, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Claudia Gallert
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biology for Engineers and Biotechnology of Wastewater, Am Fasanengarten, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany; University of Applied Science, Hochschule Emden-Leer, Faculty of Technology, Division Microbiology - Biotechnology, Constantiaplatz 4, D-26723 Emden, Germany.
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Miedaner T, Geiger HH. Biology, genetics, and management of ergot (Claviceps spp.) in rye, sorghum, and pearl millet. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:659-78. [PMID: 25723323 PMCID: PMC4379517 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7030659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ergot is a disease of cereals and grasses caused by fungi in the genus Claviceps. Of particular concern are Claviceps purpurea in temperate regions, C. africana in sorghum (worldwide), and C. fusiformis in pearl millet (Africa, Asia). The fungi infect young, usually unfertilized ovaries, replacing the seeds by dark mycelial masses known as sclerotia. The percentage of sclerotia in marketable grain is strictly regulated in many countries. In winter rye, ergot has been known in Europe since the early Middle Ages. The alkaloids produced by the fungus severely affect the health of humans and warm-blooded animals. In sorghum and pearl millet, ergot became a problem when growers adopted hybrid technology, which increased host susceptibility. Plant traits reducing ergot infection include immediate pollination of receptive stigmas, closed flowering (cleistogamy), and physiological resistance. Genetic, nonpollen-mediated variation in ergot susceptibility could be demonstrated in all three affected cereals. Fungicides have limited efficacy and application is weather dependent. Sorting out the sclerotia from the harvest by photocells is expensive and time consuming. In conclusion, molecular-based hybrid rye breeding could improve pollen fertility by introgressing effective restorer genes thus bringing down the ergot infection level to that of conventional population cultivars. A further reduction might be feasible in the future by selecting more resistant germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Miedaner
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Hartwig H Geiger
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics,University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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29
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Magnucka EG, Pietr SJ, Kozubek A, Zarnowski R. Various effects of the photosystem II--inhibiting herbicides on 5-n-alkylresorcinol accumulation in rye seedlings. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2014; 116:56-62. [PMID: 25454521 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of three PSII-inhibiting herbicides, lenacil, linuron, and pyrazon, on the accumulation of 5-n-alkylresorcinols in rye seedlings (Secale cereale L.) grown under various light and thermal conditions was studied. All used chemicals increased resorcinolic lipid content in both green and etiolated plants grown at 29 °C. At 22 °C pyrazon and lenacil decreased the content of alkylresorcinols in plants kept in the darkness and increased their amount in the light-grown seedlings. In turn, level of resorcinolic lipids was decreased by linuron in both etiolated and green plants. At the lowest tested temperature lenacil enhanced production of alkylresorcinols only in etiolated rye seedlings, whereas the light-independent stimulatory action of pyrazon on alkylresorcinol accumulation in rye grown at 15 °C was observed. Additionally, only the latter did not exert a negative effect on rye seedling growth under any of tested conditions. Compared with respective controls, the herbicides used also markedly modified the qualitative pattern of resorcinolic homologs. Interestingly, the observed changes generally favored the enhanced antifungal activity of these compounds. Our study provides novel information on the influence of PSII inhibitors on alkylresorcinol metabolism in rye seedlings. The unquestionable achievement of this work is the observation that low dose of pyrazon mainly stimulated both growth and alkylresorcinol synthesis in rye seedlings, a non-target plant. Moreover, our experimental work showed unambiguously that the observed pyrazon-driven accumulation and homolog pattern modification of alkylresorcinols dramatically improved the resistance of winter rye to infections caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta G Magnucka
- Agricultural Microbiology Lab, Department of Plant Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Stanisław J Pietr
- Agricultural Microbiology Lab, Department of Plant Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Kozubek
- Lipids and Liposomes Lab, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Robert Zarnowski
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 4125 Microbial Sciences Building, 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
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30
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Kalih R, Maurer HP, Hackauf B, Miedaner T. Effect of a rye dwarfing gene on plant height, heading stage, and Fusarium head blight in triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack). Theor Appl Genet 2014; 127:1527-36. [PMID: 24852306 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-014-2316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The rye-derived dwarfing gene Ddw1 on chromosome 5R acts in triticale in considerably reducing plant height, increasing FHB severity and delaying heading stage. Triticale, an amphiploid hybrid between durum wheat and rye, is an European cereal mainly grown in Germany, France, Poland, and Belarus for feeding purposes. Dwarfing genes might further improve the genetic potential of triticale concerning lodging resistance and yield. However, they might have pleiotropic effects on other, agronomically important traits including Fusarium head blight. Therefore, we analyzed a population of 199 doubled haploid (DH) lines of the cross HeTi117-06 × Pigmej for plant height, heading stage, and FHB severity across 2 locations and 2 years. The most prominent QTL was detected on chromosome 5R explaining 48, 77, and 71 % of genotypic variation for FHB severity, plant height, and heading stage, respectively. The frequency of recovery in cross validation was ≥90 % for all three traits. Because the markers that detect dwarfing gene Ddw1 in rye are also in our population the most closely linked markers, we assume that this major QTL resembles Ddw1. For FHB severity two, for plant height three, and for heading stage five additional QTL were detected. Caused by the considerable genetic variation for heading stage and FHB severity within the progeny with the dwarfing allele, short-strawed, early heading and FHB-resistant lines can be developed when population size is large enough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Kalih
- State Plant Breeding Institute, Universitaet Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
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31
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Hurni S, Brunner S, Buchmann G, Herren G, Jordan T, Krukowski P, Wicker T, Yahiaoui N, Mago R, Keller B. Rye Pm8 and wheat Pm3 are orthologous genes and show evolutionary conservation of resistance function against powdery mildew. Plant J 2013; 76:957-69. [PMID: 24124925 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of wheat through breeding has relied strongly on the use of genetic material from related wild and domesticated grass species. The 1RS chromosome arm from rye was introgressed into wheat and crossed into many wheat lines, as it improves yield and fungal disease resistance. Pm8 is a powdery mildew resistance gene on 1RS which, after widespread agricultural cultivation, is now widely overcome by adapted mildew races. Here we show by homology-based cloning and subsequent physical and genetic mapping that Pm8 is the rye orthologue of the Pm3 allelic series of mildew resistance genes in wheat. The cloned gene was functionally validated as Pm8 by transient, single-cell expression analysis and stable transformation. Sequence analysis revealed a complex mosaic of ancient haplotypes among Pm3- and Pm8-like genes from different members of the Triticeae. These results show that the two genes have evolved independently after the divergence of the species 7.5 million years ago and kept their function in mildew resistance. During this long time span the co-evolving pathogens have not overcome these genes, which is in strong contrast to the breakdown of Pm8 resistance since its introduction into commercial wheat 70 years ago. Sequence comparison revealed that evolutionary pressure acted on the same subdomains and sequence features of the two orthologous genes. This suggests that they recognize directly or indirectly the same pathogen effectors that have been conserved in the powdery mildews of wheat and rye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severine Hurni
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008, Zürich, Switzerland
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Gräfenhan T, Patrick SK, Roscoe M, Trelka R, Gaba D, Chan JM, McKendry T, Clear RM, Tittlemier SA. Fusarium damage in cereal grains from Western Canada. 1. Phylogenetic analysis of moniliformin-producing fusarium species and their natural occurrence in mycotoxin-contaminated wheat, oats, and rye. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:5425-5437. [PMID: 23683177 DOI: 10.1021/jf400651p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Harvest samples of common wheat (Triticum aestivum), oats (Avena sativa), and rye (Secale cereale) from producers in western Canada were analyzed for fungal infection by toxigenic Fusarium species and contamination by trichothecenes and moniliformin (MON). Fusarium graminearum and F. avenaceum were the two most frequently isolated species from samples of rye and wheat collected in 2010. F. poae and F. sporotrichioides were more commonly detected in randomly selected oat seeds. Other toxigenic Fusarium species including F. acuminatum, F. culmorum, and F. pseudograminearum as well as Phaeosphaeria nodorum (a.k.a. Septoria nodorum) were recovered primarily from fusarium-damaged kernels of wheat. Pure cultures of F. avenaceum, F. acuminatum, and other related species known to produce moniliformin were isolated from incubated seeds based on micro- and macromorphological criteria. The phylogenetic analysis inferred from partial DNA sequences of the acl1 and tef-1α genes revealed two major clades representing F. avenaceum and F. acuminatum, respectively. These clades comprised all Canadian isolates of the two species and a number of reference cultures studied earlier for their propensity to form moniliformin in vitro and in planta. However, some reference cultures previously reported to produce significant amounts of moniliformin formed minor phylogenetic lineages that represent rather distinct but closely related species. Concomitantly, cereal samples were analyzed for the presence of deoxynivalenol and moniliformin. These two Fusarium toxins were observed most frequently in common wheat, at concentrations up to 1.1 and 4.0 mg/kg, respectively. There was no apparent relationship between moniliformin concentrations and detection of F. avenaceum and F. acuminatum in rye and oat samples. Geographical analysis of the distribution of moniliformin and F. avenaceum and F. acuminatum across the Canadian Prairies also did not indicate a strong relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Gräfenhan
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Schleusner Y, Bandte M, Gossmann M, Heiermann M, Plöchl M, Büttner C. Survival of Alternaria alternata during anaerobic digestion of biomass in stirred tank reactors. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2012; 77:79-84. [PMID: 23878963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The survival of Alternaria alternate during anaerobic digestion was investigated in context of a joint research project. The aim of this project was to estimate the phytosanitary risk of dissemination of pathogens by returning treated biomass as organic fertilizer to arable land. The studies were carried out in lab-scale stirred tank reactors under mesophilic conditions. After insertion of infected plant material into the reactors the influence on the viability of the fungal pathogen was studied concerning exposure time, pretreatment and storage of the digestates for four weeks or six months. The results clearly showed that anaerobic digestion leads to a complete inactivation of A. alternate already after an exposure time of six hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Schleusner
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, Department für Nutzpflanzen- und Tierwissenschaften, Fachgebiet Phytomedizin, Lentzezallee 55/57, DE-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Hu Y, Stromeck A, Loponen J, Lopes-Lutz D, Schieber A, Gänzle MG. LC-MS/MS quantification of bioactive angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides in rye malt sourdoughs. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:11983-11989. [PMID: 21985248 DOI: 10.1021/jf2033329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study quantified antiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides in rye malt sourdoughs supplemented with gluten proteins and fermented with six strains of Lactobacillus spp. Bioinformatic analysis of prolamins from barley, rye, and wheat demonstrated that the ACE inhibitory peptides LQP, LLP, VPP, and IPP are frequently encrypted in their primary sequence. These tripeptides were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Tripeptide levels in sourdoughs were generally higher as compared to the chemically acidified controls. Sourdoughs fermented with different strains showed different concentrations of LQP and LLP. These differences corresponded to strain-specific differences in PepO and PepN activities. The highest levels of peptides VPP, IPP, LQP, and LLP, 0.23, 0.71, 1.09, and 0.09 mmol (kg DM)(-1), respectively, were observed in rye malt: gluten sourdoughs fermented with Lactobacillus reuteri TMW 1.106 and added protease. These concentrations were 6-7 times higher as compared to sourdough without fungal protease and exceed the IC(50) by 100-1000-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 410 Ag/For Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2P5, Canada
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35
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Franzmann C, Wächter J, Dittmer N, Humpf HU. Ricinoleic acid as a marker for ergot impurities in rye and rye products. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:4223-4229. [PMID: 20297816 DOI: 10.1021/jf1006903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ergot alkaloid and ricinoleic acid contents of 63 ergot sclerotia samples from rye throughout Germany of the harvest years 2006-2009 were determined. Alkaloid contents were analyzed by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) and ricinoleic acid contents by means of gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). Ergot alkaloid amounts ranged from 0.01 to 0.2 g/100 g of sclerotia with an average amount of 0.08 g/100 g. Ergotamine and ergocristine were identified as lead alkaloids representing 57% (w/w) of the total alkaloid content. The average ricinoleic acid amount in the ergot sclerotia was 10.3 g/100 g. Because of the low variation of ricinoleic acid content in the ergot sclerotia, a new method for the determination of ricinoleic acid in rye products as a marker for ergot contaminations was developed. This method allows the determination of ergot impurities as low as 0.01% (w/w). Furthermore, 29 rye products (flours, bread mix, bread) were investigated for their ricinoleic acid and ergot alkaloid contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Franzmann
- Institut fur Lebensmittelchemie, Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat, Munster, Munster, Germany
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36
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Erem F, Sontag-Strohm T, Certel M, Salovaara H, Loponen J. Functional characteristics of egg white proteins within wheat, rye, and germinated-rye sourdoughs. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:1263-1269. [PMID: 20043636 DOI: 10.1021/jf903228x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Egg white (EW) proteins are functional proteins, which possess certain biological activities (antimicrobial, antigenic, and peptidase-inhibitory) that may influence the food processing or vice versa can be affected by processing. This study investigated the behavior of EW proteins within sourdough systems with respect to proteolysis and fermentation parameters, and the ability of EW to build foam structures with sourdoughs. Of the EW proteins, ovotransferrin was hydrolyzed in all sourdoughs (wheat, rye, and germinated-rye), whereas the breakdown of ovalbumin was specific for germinated-rye sourdoughs, with the cysteine endopeptidases being responsible for the hydrolysis. The presence of EW in sourdough fermentations had no influence on the prolamin hydrolysis or the growth of starter culture, indicating that the peptidase-inhibitory and antimicrobial properties of EW play no important role in sourdoughs. EW foams, however, appeared as potential structure builders in sourdough applications and could serve as alternative structural agents in the production of baked goods with low gluten content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fundagül Erem
- Department of Food Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Merzaeva OV, Shirokikh IG. [Production of auxins by the endophytic bacteria of winter rye]. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 2010; 46:51-57. [PMID: 20198917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the actinomycetes and coryneform bacteria isolated from the root tissues of winter rye to produce auxin in a liquid culture was studied. The isolates of coryneform bacteria produced indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA) into the medium in the amount of 9.0-95.0 microg/ml and the isolates of actinomycetes in the amount of 39.5-83.0 microg/ml. The maximal IAA accumulation in culture liquid of actinomycetes coincided, in general, with the beginning of the stationary growth phase. The dependences of IAA synthesis by actinomycetes on the composition and pH of nutrient medium, tryptophan concentration, and aeration conditions were determined. Biological activity of the bacterial IAA was assessed. Treatment of winter rye seeds with coryneform auxin-producing bacteria increased the germination capacity and enhanced an intensive seedling growth in vitro.
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Poll C, Brune T, Begerow D, Kandeler E. Small-scale diversity and succession of fungi in the detritusphere of rye residues. Microb Ecol 2010; 59:130-140. [PMID: 19495854 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-009-9541-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 05/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Transport of litter carbon in the detritusphere might determine fungal abundance and diversity at the small scale. Rye residues were applied to the surface of soil cores with two different water contents and incubated at 10 degrees C for 2 and 12 weeks. Fungal community structure was analysed by constructing clone libraries of 18S rDNA and subsequent sequencing. Litter addition induced fungal succession in the adjacent soil and decreased detectable fungal diversity mainly due to the huge supply of substrates. Ergosterol content and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activity indicated fungal growth after 2 weeks. Simultaneously, the structure of the fungal community changed, with Mortierellaceae proliferating during the initial phase of litter decomposition. Ergosterol measurements were unable to detect this early fungal growth because Mortierellaceae do not produce ergosterol. In the late phase during decomposition of polymeric substrates, like cellulose and chitin, the fungal community was dominated by Trichocladium asperum. Water content influenced community composition only during the first 2 weeks due to its influence on transport processes in the detritusphere and on competition between fungal species. Our results underline the importance of species identification in understanding decomposition processes in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Poll
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Oeser B, Beaussart F, Haarmann T, Lorenz N, Nathues E, Rolke Y, Scheffer J, Weiner J, Tudzynski P. Expressed sequence tags from the flower pathogen Claviceps purpurea. Mol Plant Pathol 2009; 10:665-84. [PMID: 19694956 PMCID: PMC6640482 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00560.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY The ascomycete Claviceps purpurea (ergot) is a biotrophic flower pathogen of rye and other grasses. The deleterious toxic effects of infected rye seeds on humans and grazing animals have been known since the Middle Ages. To gain further insight into the molecular basis of this disease, we generated about 10 000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs)-about 25% originating from axenic fungal culture and about 75% from tissues collected 6-20 days after infection of rye spikes. The pattern of axenic vs. in planta gene expression was compared. About 200 putative plant genes were identified within the in planta library. A high percentage of these were predicted to function in plant defence against the ergot fungus and other pathogens, for example pathogenesis-related proteins. Potential fungal pathogenicity and virulence genes were found via comparison with the pathogen-host interaction database (PHI-base; http://www.phi-base.org) and with genes known to be highly expressed in the haustoria of the bean rust fungus. Comparative analysis of Claviceps and two other fungal flower pathogens (necrotrophic Fusarium graminearum and biotrophic Ustilago maydis) highlighted similarities and differences in their lifestyles, for example all three fungi have signalling components and cell wall-degrading enzymes in their arsenal. In summary, the analysis of axenic and in planta ESTs yielded a collection of candidate genes to be evaluated for functional roles in this plant-microbe interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitt Oeser
- Institut für Botanik, Westf. Wilhelms Universität Münster, Schlossgarten 3, D 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Lee MR. The history of ergot of rye (Claviceps purpurea) I: from antiquity to 1900. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2009; 39:179-184. [PMID: 19847980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This article outlines the history of ergot of rye up to 1900. Ergot is a fungal disease that affects many grasses but is particularly damaging to rye. It occurs as the result of an infection by the parasitic organism Claviceps purpurea, which produces characteristic black spurs on the grass. When incorporated into grain, the ergot fungus can cause severe outbreaks of poisoning in humans called ergotism. There are two main clinical forms of toxicity, gangrenous and convulsive, where coma and death often supervene: the death rate for ergotism has been reported to be between 10 and 20 per cent in major outbreaks. Historical accounts note that ergot could accelerate labour, stop postpartum haemorrhage and inhibit lactation. At the end of the nineteenth century ergot was still regarded as a 'glorious chemical mess', but help would arrive in the early 1900s and the complex jigsaw would be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Lee
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Mirdita V, Dhillon BS, Geiger HH, Miedaner T. Genetic variation for resistance to ergot (Claviceps purpurea [Fr.] Tul.) among full-sib families of five populations of winter rye (Secale cereale L.). Theor Appl Genet 2008; 118:85-90. [PMID: 18797841 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-008-0878-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 08/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ergot (Claviceps purpurea [Fr.] Tul.) is a serious disease of rye (Secale cereale L.) and it adversely affects the quality of grain. The present investigation was undertaken to study genotypic variability among full-sib families (FSF) of five open-pollinated (OP) winter rye populations of highly diverse origin, namely Dankovskie Selekcyine (Poland), Charkovskaja (Ukraine), NEM4 (Russia), Halo and Carokurz, both from Germany. About 50 FSF were developed at random in each population, and the FSF of each population were evaluated in separate but adjacent experiments conducted in four environments under artificial inoculation. A mixture of conidia of C. purpurea isolates was sprayed thrice during the flowering period. The materials were manually harvested at yellow-ripe stage. Resistance trait recorded was disease severity, i.e. percent ergot sclerotia in grain by weight. Mean ergot severity ranged from 2.29 to 4.08% for the five populations across environments. Significant genotypic variation (P < 0.01) due to FSF and FSF x environment interaction was observed within each population. Genotypic variation within all populations was higher than that among five populations. All populations showed high estimates of heritability (0.72-0.89). The study indicated that the evaluated OP populations are rich reservoirs of genetic variation that should also be used in hybrid breeding. Recurrent selection to further improve ergot resistance should be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mirdita
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Abstract
Sourdough has been used since ancient times and its ability to improve the quality and increase the shelf-life of bread has been widely described. During sourdough fermentation, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce a number of metabolites which have been shown to have a positive effect on the texture and staling of bread, e.g. organic acids, exopolysaccharides (EPS) and/or enzymes. EPS produced by LAB have the potential to replace more expensive hydrocolloids used as bread improvers. Organic acids affect the protein and starch fractions of flour. Additionally, the drop in pH associated with acid production causes an increase in the proteases and amylases activity of the flour, thus leading to a reduction in staling. While improving the textural qualities of bread, sourdough fermentation also results in increased mineral bioavailability and reduced phytate content. In this review we will be discussing the effect of sourdough on wheat and rye bread as well as the potential of sourdough to improve the quality of gluten-free bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke K Arendt
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland.
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Katina K, Laitila A, Juvonen R, Liukkonen KH, Kariluoto S, Piironen V, Landberg R, Aman P, Poutanen K. Bran fermentation as a means to enhance technological properties and bioactivity of rye. Food Microbiol 2007; 24:175-86. [PMID: 17008162 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2006.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Response surface methodology was applied to study the effects of fermentation on the levels of phytochemicals (folates, phenolic compounds, alkylresorcinols) and on the solubilization of pentosans in rye bran from native and peeled grains. Furthermore, the microbial composition of the brans before and after fermentation was studied. Peeling reduced the microbial load and lower microbial counts were detected in the fermentation experiments carried out with the bran from peeled grains. High temperature and long fermentation time favoured the growth of indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and a diverse microbial community was detected. The brans contained low levels of aerobic spore-forming bacteria, but their number was not increased during the fermentations. Fermentation of both brans increased the levels of folates, easily extractable total phenolics and free ferulic acid. During fermentation of bran from native grains, the levels of alkylresorcinols slightly increased but during fermentation of bran from peeled grains they decreased. Significant increase in soluble pentosans was established in both types of rye bran fermentations. Enhanced bioactivity and solubilization of pentosans with limited microbial growth were obtained after 12-14 h fermentation at 25 degrees C. The results suggest that fermentation is a potential bioprocessing technology for improved technological properties and bioactivity of rye bran.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Katina
- VTT Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
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Akinsanmi OA, Chakraborty S, Backhouse D, Simpfendorfer S. Passage through alternative hosts changes the fitness of Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium pseudograminearum. Environ Microbiol 2007; 9:512-20. [PMID: 17222149 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Species of the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Fusarium that cause head blight and crown rot of cereals including wheat also infect a number of alternative host plants. This raises the prospect of more damaging pathogen strains originating and persisting as highly successful saprophytes on hosts other than wheat. The immediate impact on pathogenic (aggressiveness) and saprophytic (growth rate and fecundity) behaviour of six isolates with low, moderate or high initial aggressiveness was examined in two species of Fusarium after their passage through 10 alternative plant hosts. One passage through alternative hosts significantly reduced the pathogenic fitness of most isolates, but this change was not associated with a concomitant change in their overall saprophytic behaviour. The overall weak association between aggressiveness, fecundity and growth rate both before and after passage through the alternative hosts indicate that pathogenic and saprophytic fitness traits may be independently controlled in both Fusarium species. Thus, there was no trade-off between pathogenic and saprophytic fitness in these necrotrophic plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufemi A Akinsanmi
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia.
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Zhang HY, Ren ZL. Study on powdery mildew resistance transfer from S. cereale L.cv. Weiling rye into wheat. Fen Zi Xi Bao Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2007; 40:31-40. [PMID: 17357447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Weiling rye (S. cereale L.cv.), a Chinese dwarf rye, confers high powdery mildew (Erysiphe gramininis f.sp.tritici) in China. My8443, a wheat cultivars infecting seriously powdery mildew disease, was used as the female parent and Weiling rye was used as the donor of powdery mildew resistance in the study. A new wheat-rye translocation line,named No.147,was developed from BC2F6 progenies of wheat cultivars My8443 and Weiling rye to transfer the resistance from Weiling rye to common wheat. The powdery mildew resistance of No.147 and its parents were investigated in seedling and adult stages by artificially inoculating the mixture of advanced pathogenic races in room and field and the single pathogenic race in room. Improved Giemsa C-banding technique and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH,Genomic in situ hybridization) were used to identify wheat and rye chromosomes. Acid polyacylamide gel electrophoresis(APAGE) separation of endosperm gliadin and simple sequence repeat(SSR) PCR amplification of 11 SCM-Secale cereale markers also were employed for 1RS confirmation in the study. The results showed that No.147 was a new 1BL/1RS wheat-rye chromosome translocation with high powdery mildew resistance derived from Weiling rye. The reason on the formation of the new wheat-rye chromosome translocation was analyzed. The utilizations of resistance gene resource derived from Chinese Weiling rye and the new 1BL/1RS translocation line in wheat genetics and breeding improvement were discussed in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sicence, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an Sichuan 625014
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Fu SL, Tang ZX, Zhang HQ, Yang ZJ, Ren ZL. [Transfer of a rye small chromosomal segment with powdery mildew-resistant gene(s) into common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)]. Yi Chuan 2006; 28:1396-400. [PMID: 17098708 DOI: 10.1360/yc-006-1396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The advanced progeny lines (BC1F5) from the monosomic addition lines between common wheat cultivar Mianyang 11, which is highly susceptible to powdery mildew, and an inbred rye line R12 were analyzed for selection of wheat-rye translocations. Based on a rye-specific repetitive sequence of pSc20H, which spread over all chromosomes of rye but did not existed in wheat, a set of PCR primer was designed and used to identify the rye chromosome segments in wheat. From 300 of the BC1F5 progeny lines 70 were found to contain chromosome composition of rye. An advanced line, 96II691-830-98, originated from 6R monosomic addition line was observed to be immune to powdery mildew, different from its wheat parent Mianyang 11. A small segment of rye chromosome at telomere in a pair of wheat chromosome in the line was found by means of GISH. The results indicated that a small segment of rye chromosome 6R carrying the gene(s) for resistance to powdery mildew has been transferred into common wheat. In the progeny of monosomic addition lines a high frequency of wheat-alien species translocation with various segments of chromosomes could be found by application of both PCR and GISH technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lan Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
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Dolci P, Guglielmo F, Secchi F, Ozino OI. Persistence and efficacy of Beauveria brongniartii strains applied as biocontrol agents against Melolontha melolontha in the Valley of Aosta (northwest Italy). J Appl Microbiol 2006; 100:1063-72. [PMID: 16630007 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02808.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To monitor and select genetically characterized strains of Beauveria brongniartii to be used as microbiological control agents against Melolontha melolontha in different climatic conditions of the Valley of Aosta (northwest Italy). METHODS AND RESULTS Molecular random amplified polymorphic DNA markers allowed monitoring of five B. brongniartii strains (C2, F, K2, N3 and W2) in field trials. Ten sites were chosen at Jovençan, Saint-Pierre and Quart areas, where a mixture of the five strains colonizing rye kernels was applied to the soil of each M. melolontha infested site. Growth, persistence and virulence on M. melolontha larvae of five fungal strains were evaluated in two subsequent 24-month studies. Beauveria brongniartii grew best at the Jovençan sites. Not only did strain F persist better than the other strains in most soil samples but it was also the most virulent strain. Strain F was isolated the most frequently from infected M. melolontha larvae recovered from the test sites. A general decrease in the larvae rate was detected in the test field soil. CONCLUSIONS Strain F of B. brongniartii was better than other strains in growth, persistence and virulence against M. melolontha larvae in the test site soil. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Results obtained from preliminary field trials support the use of strain F as a biological control agent against M. melolontha in the Valley of Aosta even if further targeted studies are still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dolci
- Department of Exploitation and Protection of Agricultural and Forestry Resources, Microbiology and Agricultural Industries, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy.
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Hongisto SM, Paajanen L, Saxelin M, Korpela R. A combination of fibre-rich rye bread and yoghurt containing Lactobacillus GG improves bowel function in women with self-reported constipation. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006; 60:319-24. [PMID: 16251881 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of fibre-rich rye bread and yoghurt containing Lactobacillus GG (LGG) on intestinal transit time and bowel function, and to test whether they have an interaction in cases of self-reported constipation. DESIGN The study was carried out as a two-by-two factorial design. SETTING Free-living subjects. SUBJECTS A total of 59 healthy women with self-reported constipation, recruited by advertisement. INTERVENTIONS After a baseline period, the subjects were randomized into four diet groups: (1) rye bread+LGG yoghurt, (2) rye bread, (3) LGG yoghurt, and (4) control. The 3-week dietary intervention was followed by a 3-week follow-up period. During each period, total intestinal transit time was measured and the subjects recorded faecal frequency and consistency, difficulty in defecation and gastrointestinal symptoms. RESULTS The rye bread shortened total intestinal transit time (mean difference, -0.7; CI(95), -1.1 to -0.2; P=0.007), increased faecal frequency (0.3; CI(95), 0.1 to 0.5; P=0.001), softened faeces (-0.3; CI(95), -0.4 to -0.2; P<0.001) and made defecation easier (-0.4; CI(95), -0.5 to -0.2; P<0.001), but also increased gastrointestinal symptoms (1.6; CI(95), 0.7 to 2.4; P<0.001) compared to the low-fibre toast consumed in the LGG and control groups. There were fewer symptoms in the rye bread+LGG group compared to the rye bread group (-1.3; CI(95), -2.4 to -0.2; P=0.027). CONCLUSIONS Fibre-rich rye bread can be recommended in the treatment of constipation, and the simultaneous consumption of LGG yoghurt relieves the adverse gastrointestinal effects associated with increased intake of fibre. SPONSORSHIP Valio Ltd, R&D, and Fazer Bakeries Ltd.
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Shirokikh IG, Zenova GM, Merzaeva OV, Lapygina EV, Lysak LV. [Number and structure of actinomycetes complexes in the rhizosphere winter rye, oat and red clover]. Izv Akad Nauk Ser Biol 2006:496-501. [PMID: 17022483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The actinomycetes complexes in the rhizosphere of three agricultural plants by using the methods of luminescense microscopy and cup sowing were investigated. It was established, that concentration of prokaryotic biomass and biomass of actinomycetes mycelium in rhizosphere of plants is higher than in free from the radicals to soil. Rhizosphera of the oat (Avena sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is colonized by Streptomyces, Micromonospora and olygospore species. Dominante actinomycetes of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) are classified into the genera Micromonospora. It was shown that numbers and biomass of actinomycetes mycelium were fond to decreased, diversity of actinomycetes in contrast is increased in the series: "winter rye--oat--red clover". In connection with ecological safety the capability of increase with prokaryotes naturally disease suppressive soil and stability of plants to pathogen is discussed.
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