1
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Reinhold C, Knorr S, McFleder RL, Rauschenberger L, Muthuraman M, Arampatzi P, Gräfenhan T, Schlosser A, Sendtner M, Volkmann J, Ip CW. Gene-environment interaction elicits dystonia-like features and impaired translational regulation in a DYT-TOR1A mouse model. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 193:106453. [PMID: 38402912 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
DYT-TOR1A dystonia is the most common monogenic dystonia characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and lack of therapeutic options. Despite some insights into its etiology, the disease's pathophysiology remains unclear. The reduced penetrance of about 30% suggests that extragenetic factors are needed to develop a dystonic phenotype. In order to systematically investigate this hypothesis, we induced a sciatic nerve crush injury in a genetically predisposed DYT-TOR1A mouse model (DYT1KI) to evoke a dystonic phenotype. Subsequently, we employed a multi-omic approach to uncover novel pathophysiological pathways that might be responsible for this condition. Using an unbiased deep-learning-based characterization of the dystonic phenotype showed that nerve-injured DYT1KI animals exhibited significantly more dystonia-like movements (DLM) compared to naive DYT1KI animals. This finding was noticeable as early as two weeks following the surgical procedure. Furthermore, nerve-injured DYT1KI mice displayed significantly more DLM than nerve-injured wildtype (wt) animals starting at 6 weeks post injury. In the cerebellum of nerve-injured wt mice, multi-omic analysis pointed towards regulation in translation related processes. These observations were not made in the cerebellum of nerve-injured DYT1KI mice; instead, they were localized to the cortex and striatum. Our findings indicate a failed translational compensatory mechanisms in the cerebellum of phenotypic DYT1KI mice that exhibit DLM, while translation dysregulations in the cortex and striatum likely promotes the dystonic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette Reinhold
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Knorr
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Tom Gräfenhan
- Core Unit Systems Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlosser
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chi Wang Ip
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany.
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2
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McQuail J, Matera G, Gräfenhan T, Bischler T, Haberkant P, Stein F, Vogel J, Wigneshweraraj S. Global Hfq-mediated RNA interactome of nitrogen starved Escherichia coli uncovers a conserved post-transcriptional regulatory axis required for optimal growth recovery. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:2323-2339. [PMID: 38142457 PMCID: PMC10954441 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA binding protein Hfq has a central role in the post-transcription control of gene expression in many bacteria. Numerous studies have mapped the transcriptome-wide Hfq-mediated RNA-RNA interactions in growing bacteria or bacteria that have entered short-term growth-arrest. To what extent post-transcriptional regulation underpins gene expression in growth-arrested bacteria remains unknown. Here, we used nitrogen (N) starvation as a model to study the Hfq-mediated RNA interactome as Escherichia coli enter, experience, and exit long-term growth arrest. We observe that the Hfq-mediated RNA interactome undergoes extensive changes during N starvation, with the conserved SdsR sRNA making the most interactions with different mRNA targets exclusively in long-term N-starved E. coli. Taking a proteomics approach, we reveal that in growth-arrested cells SdsR influences gene expression far beyond its direct mRNA targets. We demonstrate that the absence of SdsR significantly compromises the ability of the mutant bacteria to recover growth competitively from the long-term N-starved state and uncover a conserved post-transcriptional regulatory axis which underpins this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh McQuail
- Section of Molecular Microbiology and Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Gianluca Matera
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tom Gräfenhan
- Core Unit Systems Medicine, University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bischler
- Core Unit Systems Medicine, University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Per Haberkant
- Proteomics Core Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, D-69117,Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Stein
- Proteomics Core Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, D-69117,Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Vogel
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sivaramesh Wigneshweraraj
- Section of Molecular Microbiology and Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
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3
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Bamforth J, Chin T, Ashfaq T, Gamage NW, Pleskach K, Tittlemier SA, Henriquez MA, Kurera S, Lee SJ, Patel B, Gräfenhan T, Walkowiak S. Corrigendum: A survey of Fusarium species and ADON genotype on Canadian wheat grain. Front Fungal Biol 2023; 4:1271067. [PMID: 37746115 PMCID: PMC10512207 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2023.1271067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.1062444.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Bamforth
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tiffany Chin
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tehreem Ashfaq
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Kerri Pleskach
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Maria Antonia Henriquez
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Centre, Morden, MB, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Plant Science, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shimosh Kurera
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Microbiology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sung-Jong Lee
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Bhaktiben Patel
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tom Gräfenhan
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Julius-Maximilian-University, Core Unit Systems Medicine, Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Sean Walkowiak
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Plant Science, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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4
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Bamforth J, Chin T, Ashfaq T, Gamage NW, Pleskach K, Tittlemier SA, Henriquez MA, Kurera S, Lee SJ, Patel B, Gräfenhan T, Walkowiak S. A survey of Fusarium species and ADON genotype on Canadian wheat grain. Front Fungal Biol 2022; 3:1062444. [PMID: 37746237 PMCID: PMC10512222 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.1062444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Wheat is a staple food that is important to global food security, but in epidemic years, fungal pathogens can threaten production, quality, and safety of wheat grain. Globally, one of the most important fungal diseases of wheat is Fusarium head blight (FHB). This disease can be caused by several different Fusarium species with known differences in aggressiveness and mycotoxin-production potential, with the trichothecene toxin deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivatives being of particular concern. In North America, the most predominant species causing FHB is F. graminearum, which has two distinct sub-populations that are commonly classified into two main chemotypes/genotypes based on their propensity to form trichothecene derivatives, namely 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON). Materials and methods We used a panel of 13 DNA markers to perform species and ADON genotype identification for 55, 444 wheat kernels from 7, 783 samples originating from across Canada from 2014 to 2020. Results and discussion Based on single-seed analyses, we demonstrate the relationships between Fusarium species and trichothecene chemotype with sample year, sample location, wheat species (hexaploid and durum wheat), severity of Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK), and accumulation of DON. Results indicate that various Fusarium species are present across wheat growing regions in Canada; however, F. graminearum is the most common species and 3-ADON the most common genotype. We observed an increase in the occurrence of the 3-ADON genotype, particularly in the western Prairie regions. Our data provides important information on special-temporal trends in Fusarium species and chemotypes that can aid with the implementation of integrated disease management strategies to control the detrimental effects of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Bamforth
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tiffany Chin
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tehreem Ashfaq
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Kerri Pleskach
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Maria Antonia Henriquez
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Centre, Morden, MB, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Plant Science, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shimosh Kurera
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Microbiology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sung-Jong Lee
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Bhaktiben Patel
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tom Gräfenhan
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Julius-Maximilian-University, Core Unit Systems Medicine, Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Sean Walkowiak
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Plant Science, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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5
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Chen W, Cheung HK, McMillan M, Turkington TK, Izydorczyk MS, Gräfenhan T. The dynamics of indigenous epiphytic bacterial and fungal communities of barley grains through the commercial malting process in Western Canada. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1352-1364. [PMID: 36082140 PMCID: PMC9445228 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Corresponding author. Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - H.Y. Kitty Cheung
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Morgan McMillan
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Kelly Turkington
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | | | - Tom Gräfenhan
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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6
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Qiu H, Yuan XY, Cabral T, Manguiat K, Robinson A, Wood H, Grant C, McQueen P, Westmacott G, Beniac DR, Lin L, Carpenter M, Kobasa D, Gräfenhan T. Development and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 variant-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Antiviral Res 2021; 196:105206. [PMID: 34762975 PMCID: PMC8572761 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination and administration of monoclonal antibody cocktails are effective tools to control the progression of infectious diseases and to terminate pandemics such as COVID-19. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 mutants with enhanced transmissibility and altered antigenicity requires broad-spectrum therapies. Here we developed a panel of SARS-CoV-2 specific mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and characterized them based on ELISA, Western immunoblot, isotyping, and virus neutralization. Six neutralizing mAbs that exhibited high-affinity binding to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were identified, and their amino acid sequences were determined by mass spectrometry. Functional assays confirmed that three mAbs, F461G11, F461G15, and F461G16 neutralized four variants of concern (VOC): B.1.1.7 (alpha), B.1.351 (beta), P.1 (gamma) and B.1.617.2 (delta) These mAbs are promising candidates for COVID-19 therapy, and understanding their interactions with virus spike protein should support further vaccine and antibody development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Qiu
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada.
| | - Xin-Yong Yuan
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Teresa Cabral
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Kathy Manguiat
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Alyssia Robinson
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Heidi Wood
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Chris Grant
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Peter McQueen
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Garrett Westmacott
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Daniel R Beniac
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Lisa Lin
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Michael Carpenter
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Tom Gräfenhan
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada.
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7
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Gamage NW, Bamforth J, Ashfaq T, Bernard K, Gräfenhan T, Walkowiak S. Profiling of Bacillus cereus on Canadian grain. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259209. [PMID: 34735500 PMCID: PMC8568128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms that cause foodborne illnesses challenge the food industry; however, environmental studies of these microorganisms on raw grain, prior to food processing, are uncommon. Bacillus cereus sensu lato is a diverse group of bacteria that is common in our everyday environment and occupy a wide array of niches. While some of these bacteria are beneficial to agriculture due to their entomopathogenic properties, others can cause foodborne illness; therefore, characterization of these bacteria is important from both agricultural and food safety standpoints. We performed a survey of wheat and flax grain samples in 2018 (n = 508) and 2017 (n = 636) and discovered that B. cereus was present in the majority of grain samples, as 56.3% and 85.2%, in two years respectively. Whole genome sequencing and comparative genomics of 109 presumptive B. cereus isolates indicates that most of the isolates were closely related and formed two genetically distinct groups. Comparisons to the available genomes of reference strains suggested that the members of these two groups are not closely related to strains previously reported to cause foodborne illness. From the same data set, another, genetically more diverse group of B. cereus was inferred, which had varying levels of similarity to previously reported strains that caused disease. Genomic analysis and PCR amplification of genes linked to toxin production indicated that most of the isolates carry the genes nheA and hbID, while other toxin genes and gene clusters, such as ces, were infrequent. This report of B. cereus on grain from Canada is the first of its kind and demonstrates the value of surveillance of bacteria naturally associated with raw agricultural commodities such as cereal grain and oilseeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janice Bamforth
- Canadian Grain Commission, Government of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Tehreem Ashfaq
- Canadian Grain Commission, Government of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kathryn Bernard
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Government of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Tom Gräfenhan
- Canadian Grain Commission, Government of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Government of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- * E-mail: (TG); (SW)
| | - Sean Walkowiak
- Canadian Grain Commission, Government of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- * E-mail: (TG); (SW)
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8
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Gräfenhan T, Johnston PR, Vaughan MM, McCormick SP, Proctor RH, Busman M, Ward TJ, O'Donnell K. Fusarium praegraminearum sp. nov., a novel nivalenol mycotoxin-producing pathogen from New Zealand can induce head blight on wheat. Mycologia 2018; 108:1229-1239. [PMID: 27621289 DOI: 10.3852/16-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report on the molecular and morphological characterization of a novel type B trichothecene toxin-producing species (i.e. B clade) recovered from litter in a maize field near Wellington, New Zealand, which is described as Fusarium praegraminearum sp. nov. This species was initially identified as F. acuminatum based on morphological characters. However, it differs from this species by producing longer, slightly asymmetrically curved macroconidia in which the apical cell is not as pointed and by its much faster colony growth rate on agar. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of portions of 13 genes resolved F. praegraminearum as the most basal species within the B clade. Mycotoxin analyses demonstrated that it was able to produce 4-acetylnivalenol and 4,15-diacetylnivalenol trichothecenes, the nontrichothecene sesquiterpenes culmorin and hydroxy-culmorins, and the estrogen zearalenone in vitro. Results of a pathogenicity experiment revealed that F. praegraminearum induced moderate head blight on wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Gräfenhan
- a Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3C 3G8, Canada
| | - Peter R Johnston
- b Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua, Private Bag 92170, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Martha M Vaughan
- c Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604
| | - Susan P McCormick
- c Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604
| | - Robert H Proctor
- a Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3C 3G8, Canada
| | - Mark Busman
- a Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3C 3G8, Canada
| | - Todd J Ward
- a Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3C 3G8, Canada
| | - Kerry O'Donnell
- c Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604
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9
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Comte A, Gräfenhan T, Links MG, Hemmingsen SM, Dumonceaux TJ. Quantitative molecular diagnostic assays of grain washes for Claviceps purpurea are correlated with visual determinations of ergot contamination. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173495. [PMID: 28257512 PMCID: PMC5336299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the epiphytic microbiome of cereal grain using the universal barcode chaperonin-60 (cpn60). Microbial community profiling of seed washes containing DNA extracts prepared from field-grown cereal grain detected sequences from a fungus identified only to Class Sordariomycetes. To identify the fungal sequence and to improve the reference database, we determined cpn60 sequences from field-collected and reference strains of the ergot fungus, Claviceps purpurea. These data allowed us to identify this fungal sequence as deriving from C. purpurea, and suggested that C. purpurea DNA is readily detectable on agricultural commodities, including those for which ergot was not identified as a grading factor. To get a sense of the prevalence and level of C. purpurea DNA in cereal grains, we developed a quantitative PCR assay based on the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and applied it to 137 samples from the 2014 crop year. The amount of Claviceps DNA quantified correlated strongly with the proportion of ergot sclerotia identified in each grain lot, although there was evidence that non-target organisms were responsible for some false positives with the ITS-based assay. We therefore developed a cpn60-targeted loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay and applied it to the same grain wash samples. The time to positive displayed a significant, inverse correlation to ergot levels determined by visual ratings. These results indicate that both laboratory-based and field-adaptable molecular diagnostic assays can be used to detect and quantify pathogen load in bulk commodities using cereal grain washes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Comte
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tom Gräfenhan
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Matthew G. Links
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sean M. Hemmingsen
- National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tim J. Dumonceaux
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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10
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Nirenberg HI, Gerlach WF, Gräfenhan T. Phytophthora × pelgrandis, a new natural hybrid pathogenic toPelargonium grandiflorumhort. Mycologia 2017; 101:220-31. [DOI: 10.3852/06-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helgard I. Nirenberg
- Julius Kühn Institute-Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany
| | | | - Tom Gräfenhan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Biodiversity (Mycology and Botany), Ottawa, Ontario
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11
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Sivagnanam K, Komatsu E, Rampitsch C, Perreault H, Gräfenhan T. Rapid screening of Alternaria mycotoxins using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:357-361. [PMID: 26956149 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of the Alternaria genus produce various toxins whose occurrence in agricultural commodities is a major concern for humans and the environment. The present study developed a simple and efficient matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method for the rapid detection of Alternaria toxins. RESULTS A new method for the detection of alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) and tentoxin (TEN) by MALDI-TOF MS was developed. Different solid phase extraction (SPE) clean-up methods were tried to optimize the purification of wheat matrix, and an optimal extraction method was designed to recover the three Alternaria toxins. In addition, various MALDI matrices were examined and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) matrix gave good repeatability for all three Alternaria toxins. CONCLUSION This is the first study to report the detection of three important Alternaria toxins concurrently using MALDI-TOF MS and opens up the possibility of rapid screening of Alternaria toxins in several other cereals and food products. © 2016 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaran Sivagnanam
- Grain Research Lab, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Emy Komatsu
- Chemistry Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Hélène Perreault
- Chemistry Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tom Gräfenhan
- Grain Research Lab, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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12
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Senthilkumar T, Jayas D, White N, Fields P, Gräfenhan T. Detection of ochratoxin a in stored barley using Near-Infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5958/0974-8172.2016.00032.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Senthilkumar T, Jayas D, White N, Fields P, Gräfenhan T. Near-Infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging: theory and applications to detect fungal infection and mycotoxin contamination in food products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5958/0974-8172.2016.00029.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Al-Hatmi AMS, Van Den Ende AHGG, Stielow JB, Van Diepeningen AD, Seifert KA, McCormick W, Assabgui R, Gräfenhan T, De Hoog GS, Levesque CA. Evaluation of two novel barcodes for species recognition of opportunistic pathogens in Fusarium. Fungal Biol 2015; 120:231-45. [PMID: 26781379 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The genus Fusarium includes more than 200 species of which 73 have been isolated from human infections. Fusarium species are opportunistic human pathogens with variable aetiology. Species determination is best made with the combined phylogeny of protein-coding genes such as elongation factor (TEF1), RNA polymerase (RPB2) and the partial β-tubulin (BT2) gene. The internal transcribed spacers 1, 2 and 5.8S rRNA gene (ITS) have also been used, however, ITS cannot discriminate several closely related species and has nonorthologous copies in Fusarium. Currently, morphological approaches and tree-building methods are in use to define species and to discover hitherto undescribed species. Aftter a species is defined, DNA barcoding approaches can be used to identify species by the presence or absence of discrete nucleotide characters. We demonstrate the potential of two recently discovered DNA barcode loci, topoisomerase I (TOP1) and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), in combination with other routinely used markers such as TEF1, in an analysis of 144 Fusarium strains belonging to 52 species. Our barcoding study using TOP1 and PKG provided concordance of molecular data with TEF1. The currently accepted Fusarium species sampled were well supported in phylogenetic trees of both new markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M S Al-Hatmi
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Directorate General of Health Services, Ibri Hospital, Ministry of Health, P.C.: 100, P.O. Box : 393, Ibri, Oman.
| | | | - J Benjamin Stielow
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Keith A Seifert
- Biodiversity (Mycology and Microbiology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Wayne McCormick
- Biodiversity (Mycology and Microbiology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Rafik Assabgui
- Biodiversity (Mycology and Microbiology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Tom Gräfenhan
- Biodiversity (Mycology and Microbiology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - G Sybren De Hoog
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Peking University Health Science Center, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Beijing 100034, PR China; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang W Rd, Guangzhou, China; Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba 81531-990, Paraná, Brazil; King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
| | - C André Levesque
- Biodiversity (Mycology and Microbiology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
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Demeke T, Gräfenhan T, Holigroski M, Fernando U, Bamforth J, Lee SJ. Assessment of droplet digital PCR for absolute quantification of genetically engineered OXY235 canola and DP305423 soybean samples. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Links MG, Demeke T, Gräfenhan T, Hill JE, Hemmingsen SM, Dumonceaux TJ. Simultaneous profiling of seed-associated bacteria and fungi reveals antagonistic interactions between microorganisms within a shared epiphytic microbiome on Triticum and Brassica seeds. New Phytol 2014; 202:542-553. [PMID: 24444052 PMCID: PMC4235306 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In order to address the hypothesis that seeds from ecologically and geographically diverse plants harbor characteristic epiphytic microbiota, we characterized the bacterial and fungal microbiota associated with Triticum and Brassica seed surfaces. The total microbial complement was determined by amplification and sequencing of a fragment of chaperonin 60 (cpn60). Specific microorganisms were quantified by qPCR. Bacteria and fungi corresponding to operational taxonomic units (OTU) that were identified in the sequencing study were isolated and their interactions examined. A total of 5477 OTU were observed from seed washes. Neither total epiphytic bacterial load nor community richness/evenness was significantly different between the seed types; 578 OTU were shared among all samples at a variety of abundances. Hierarchical clustering revealed that 203 were significantly different in abundance on Triticum seeds compared with Brassica. Microorganisms isolated from seeds showed 99-100% identity between the cpn60 sequences of the isolates and the OTU sequences from this shared microbiome. Bacterial strains identified as Pantoea agglomerans had antagonistic properties toward one of the fungal isolates (Alternaria sp.), providing a possible explanation for their reciprocal abundances on both Triticum and Brassica seeds. cpn60 enabled the simultaneous profiling of bacterial and fungal microbiota and revealed a core seed-associated microbiota shared between diverse plant genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Links
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Tigst Demeke
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tom Gräfenhan
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Janet E Hill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Tim J Dumonceaux
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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17
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Foroud NA, Chatterton S, Reid LM, Turkington TK, Tittlemier SA, Gräfenhan T. Fusarium Diseases of Canadian Grain Crops: Impact and Disease Management Strategies. Fungal Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1188-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Using data from published mitochondrial or complete genomes, we developed and tested primers for amplification and sequencing of the barcode region of cytochrome oxidase 1 (COX1) of the fungal genus Fusarium, related genera of the order Hypocreales, and degenerate primers for fungi in the subdivision Pezizomycotina. The primers were successful for amplifying and sequencing COX1 barcodes from 13 genera of Hypocreales (Acremonium, Beauveria, Clonostachys, Emericellopsis, Fusarium, Gliocladium, Hypocrea, Lanatonectria, Lecanicillium, Metarhizium, Monocillium, Neonectria and Stilbella), 22 taxa of Fusarium, and two genera in other orders (Arthrosporium, Monilochaetes). Parologous copies of COX1 occurred in several strains of Fusarium. In some, copies of the same length were detected either by heterozygous bases in otherwise clean sequences or in different replicates of amplification and sequencing events; this may indicate multiple transcribed copies. Other strains included one or two introns. Two intron insertion sites had at least two nonhomologous intron sequences among Fusarium species. Irrespective of whether the multiple copy issue could be resolved by sequencing RNA transcripts, developing a precise COX1-based barcoding system for Fusarium may not be feasible. The overall divergence among homologous COX1 sequences obtained so far is rather low, with many species sharing identical sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Gilmore
- Biodiversity (Mycology & Botany), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6
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19
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Tittlemier SA, Roscoe M, Trelka R, Gaba D, Chan JM, Patrick SK, Sulyok M, Krska R, McKendry T, Gräfenhan T. Fusarium damage in small cereal grains from Western Canada. 2. Occurrence of fusarium toxins and their source organisms in durum wheat harvested in 2010. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:5438-5448. [PMID: 23683132 DOI: 10.1021/jf400652e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Samples of Canadian western amber durum harvested in 2010 were obtained as part of the Canadian Grain Commission Harvest Sample Program, inspected, and graded according to Canadian guidelines. A subset of Fusarium -damaged samples were analyzed for Fusarium species as well as mycotoxins associated with these species, including deoxynivalenol and other trichothecenes, moniliformin, enniatins, and beauvericin. Overall, Fusarium avenaceum and F. graminearum were the top two most frequently recovered species. Phaeosphaeria nodorum (a.k.a. Septoria nodorum ), F. culmorum , F. poae , F. acuminatum , and F. sporotrichioides were observed in samples as well. All samples analyzed for mycotoxins contained quantifiable concentrations of enniatins, whereas beauvericin, deoxynivalenol, and moniliformin were measured in approximately 75% of the samples. Concentrations in Fusarium -damaged samples ranged from 0.011 to 34.2 mg/kg of enniatins plus beauvericin, up to 4.7 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol, and up to 6.36 mg/kg of moniliformin. Comparisons of enniatins, beauvericin, and moniliformin concentrations to the occurrence of various Fusarium species suggest the existence of an infection threshold above which these emerging mycotoxins are present at higher concentrations. The current grading factor of Fusarium -damaged kernels manages concentrations of these emerging mycotoxins in grain; lower provisional grades were assigned to samples that contained the highest concentrations of enniatins, beauvericin, and moniliformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl A Tittlemier
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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20
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Gräfenhan T, Patrick SK, Roscoe M, Trelka R, Gaba D, Chan JM, McKendry T, Clear RM, Tittlemier SA. Fusarium damage in cereal grains from Western Canada. 1. Phylogenetic analysis of moniliformin-producing fusarium species and their natural occurrence in mycotoxin-contaminated wheat, oats, and rye. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:5425-5437. [PMID: 23683177 DOI: 10.1021/jf400651p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Harvest samples of common wheat (Triticum aestivum), oats (Avena sativa), and rye (Secale cereale) from producers in western Canada were analyzed for fungal infection by toxigenic Fusarium species and contamination by trichothecenes and moniliformin (MON). Fusarium graminearum and F. avenaceum were the two most frequently isolated species from samples of rye and wheat collected in 2010. F. poae and F. sporotrichioides were more commonly detected in randomly selected oat seeds. Other toxigenic Fusarium species including F. acuminatum, F. culmorum, and F. pseudograminearum as well as Phaeosphaeria nodorum (a.k.a. Septoria nodorum) were recovered primarily from fusarium-damaged kernels of wheat. Pure cultures of F. avenaceum, F. acuminatum, and other related species known to produce moniliformin were isolated from incubated seeds based on micro- and macromorphological criteria. The phylogenetic analysis inferred from partial DNA sequences of the acl1 and tef-1α genes revealed two major clades representing F. avenaceum and F. acuminatum, respectively. These clades comprised all Canadian isolates of the two species and a number of reference cultures studied earlier for their propensity to form moniliformin in vitro and in planta. However, some reference cultures previously reported to produce significant amounts of moniliformin formed minor phylogenetic lineages that represent rather distinct but closely related species. Concomitantly, cereal samples were analyzed for the presence of deoxynivalenol and moniliformin. These two Fusarium toxins were observed most frequently in common wheat, at concentrations up to 1.1 and 4.0 mg/kg, respectively. There was no apparent relationship between moniliformin concentrations and detection of F. avenaceum and F. acuminatum in rye and oat samples. Geographical analysis of the distribution of moniliformin and F. avenaceum and F. acuminatum across the Canadian Prairies also did not indicate a strong relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Gräfenhan
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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21
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Niessen L, Gräfenhan T, Vogel RF. ATP citrate lyase 1 (acl1) gene-based loop-mediated amplification assay for the detection of the Fusarium tricinctum species complex in pure cultures and in cereal samples. Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 158:171-85. [PMID: 22867849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The combined data set of the acl1 and tef-1α gene sequences of 61 fungal strains assigned to Fusarium tricinctum, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium acuminatum, Fusarium arthrosporioides, Fusarium flocciferum and Fusarium torulosum were used to study the phylogenetic relations between taxa. F. tricinctum, F. acuminatum and F. avenaceum formed distinct clades. Members of the F. tricinctum/F. acuminatum clade fall into three well supported lineages, of which the largest includes the epitype of F. tricinctum. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was used to amplify a 167 bp portion of the acl1 gene in F. tricinctum (Corda) Saccardo. DNA amplification was detected in-tube by indirect calcein fluorescence under black light after 60 min of incubation at 65.5 °C. The assay had a detection limit of 0.95 pg of purified genomic DNA of F. tricinctum CBS 410.86 per reaction, corresponding to ca. 18 genomic copies of the acl1 gene. Specificity of the assay was tested using purified DNA from 67 species and subspecies of Fusarium as well as 50 species comprising 22 genera of other filamentous fungi and yeasts. The assay detected 21 of the 23 F. tricinctum strains tested. Cross reactivity was observed with eight out of 13 strains in F. acuminatum but with none of 17 F. avenaceum strains tested. Specificity was further confirmed by conventional PCR with primers designed from the same gene. Detection of F. tricinctum from culture scrapings directly added to the reaction master mix, in DNA extracts from wheat, in single barley grains or in washings of bulk grain samples are proposed as possible applications showing the suitability of the method for food analysis. Finally it was demonstrated that the LAMP reaction can be run using simple lab equipment such as a heating block, water bath, hybridization oven or household equipment, e.g. a microwave oven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Niessen
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Steig 16, D-85350 Freising, Germany.
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Schroers HJ, Gräfenhan T, Nirenberg HI, Seifert KA. A revision of Cyanonectria and Geejayessia gen. nov., and related species with Fusarium-like anamorphs. Stud Mycol 2011; 68:115-38. [PMID: 21523191 PMCID: PMC3065987 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2011.68.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A revision of Fusarium-like species associated with the plant
genus Buxus led to a reconsideration of generic concepts in the
Fusarium clade of the Nectriaceae. Phylogenetic analyses of
the partial second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II (rpb2)
and the larger subunit of the ATP citrate lyase (acl1) gene exons
confirm the existence of a clade, here called the terminal Fusarium
clade, that includes genera such as Fusariumsensu stricto
(including its Gibberella teleomorphs), Albonectria,
Cyanonectria, “Haematonectria”, the newly
described genus Geejayessia, and “Nectria”
albida. Geejayessia accommodates five species. Four were
previously classified in Nectria sensu lato, namely the black
perithecial, KOH–species G. atrofusca and the orange or
reddish, KOH+ G. cicatricum, G. desmazieri and G.
zealandica.Geejayessia celtidicola is newly described.
Following our phylogenetic analyses showing its close relationship with
Cyanonectria cyanostoma, the former Gibbera buxi is
recombined as the second species of Cyanonectria. A three gene
phylogenetic analysis of multiple strains of each morphological species using
translation elongation factor 1 α (tef-1), rpb2 and
acl1 gene exons and introns confirms their status as distinct
phylogenetic species. Internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal RNA gene
cluster and nuclear large ribosomal subunit sequences were generated as
additional DNA barcodes for selected strains. The connection of Fusarium
buxicola, often erroneously reported as the anamorph of G.
desmazieri, with the bluish black and KOH+ perithecial species C.
buxi is reinstated. Most Cyanonectria and Geejayessia
species exhibit restricted host ranges on branches or twigs of Buxus
species, Celtisoccidentalis, or Staphyleatrifolia. Their perithecia form caespitose clusters on
well-developed, mostly erumpent stromata on the bark or outer cortex of the
host and are relatively thin-walled, mostly smooth, and therefore reminiscent
of the more or less astromatous, singly occurring perithecia of
Cosmospora, Dialonectria, and Microcera. The cell walls in
outer- and inner layers of the perithecial walls of Cyanonectria and
Geejayessia have inconspicuous pore-like structures, as do
representative species of Albonectria, Fusarium sensu stricto,
“Haematonectria”, and “Nectria”
albida. The taxonomic significance of these structures, which we call
Samuels' pores, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Schroers
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Gräfenhan T, Schroers HJ, Nirenberg HI, Seifert KA. An overview of the taxonomy, phylogeny, and typification of nectriaceous fungi in Cosmospora, Acremonium, Fusarium, Stilbella, and Volutella. Stud Mycol 2011; 68:79-113. [PMID: 21523190 PMCID: PMC3065986 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2011.68.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive phylogenetic reassessment of the ascomycete genus Cosmospora (Hypocreales, Nectriaceae) is undertaken using fresh isolates and historical strains, sequences of two protein encoding genes, the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2), and a new phylogenetic marker, the larger subunit of ATP citrate lyase (acl1). The result is an extensive revision of taxonomic concepts, typification, and nomenclatural details of many anamorph- and teleomorph-typified genera of the Nectriaceae, most notably Cosmospora and Fusarium. The combined phylogenetic analysis shows that the present concept of Fusarium is not monophyletic and that the genus divides into two large groups, one basal in the family, the other terminal, separated by a large group of species classified in genera such as Calonectria, Neonectria, and Volutella. All accepted genera received high statistical support in the phylogenetic analyses. Preliminary polythetic morphological descriptions are presented for each genus, providing details of perithecia, micro- and/or macro-conidial synanamorphs, cultural characters, and ecological traits. Eight species are included in our restricted concept of Cosmospora, two of which have previously documented teleomorphs and all of which have Acremonium-like microconidial anamorphs. A key is provided to the three anamorphic species recognised in Atractium, which is removed from synonymy with Fusarium and epitypified for two macroconidial synnematous species and one sporodochial species associated with waterlogged wood. Dialonectria is recognised as distinct from Cosmospora and two species with teleomorph, macroconidia and microconidia are accepted, including the new species D. ullevolea. Seven species, one with a known teleomorph, are classified in Fusicolla, formerly considered a synonym of Fusarium including members of the F. aquaeductuum and F. merismoides species complex, with several former varieties raised to species rank. Originally a section of Nectria, Macroconia is raised to generic rank for five species, all producing a teleomorph and macroconidial anamorph. A new species of the Verticillium-like anamorphic genus Mariannaea is described as M. samuelsii. Microcera is recognised as distinct from Fusarium and a key is included for four macroconidial species, that are usually parasites of scale insects, two of them with teleomorphs. The four accepted species of Stylonectria each produce a teleomorph and micro- and macroconidial synanamorphs. The Volutella species sampled fall into three clades. Pseudonectria is accepted for a perithecial and sporodochial species that occurs on Buxus. Volutella s. str. also includes perithecial and/or sporodochial species and is revised to include a synnematous species formerly included in Stilbella. The third Volutella-like clade remains unnamed. All fungi in this paper are named using a single name system that gives priority to the oldest generic names and species epithets, irrespective of whether they are originally based on anamorph or teleomorph structures. The rationale behind this is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gräfenhan
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Biodiversity (Mycology and Botany), 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
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24
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Hawksworth DL, Crous PW, Redhead SA, Reynolds DR, Samson RA, Seifert KA, Taylor JW, Wingfield MJ, Abaci Ö, Aime C, Asan A, Bai FY, de Beer ZW, Begerow D, Berikten D, Boekhout T, Buchanan PK, Burgess T, Buzina W, Cai L, Cannon PF, Crane JL, Damm U, Daniel HM, van Diepeningen AD, Druzhinina I, Dyer PS, Eberhardt U, Fell JW, Frisvad JC, Geiser DM, Geml J, Glienke C, Gräfenhan T, Groenewald JZ, Groenewald M, de Gruyter J, Guého-Kellermann E, Guo LD, Hibbett DS, Hong SB, de Hoog GS, Houbraken J, Huhndorf SM, Hyde KD, Ismail A, Johnston PR, Kadaifciler DG, Kirk PM, Kõljalg U, Kurtzman CP, Lagneau PE, Lévesque CA, Liu X, Lombard L, Meyer W, Miller A, Minter DW, Najafzadeh MJ, Norvell L, Ozerskaya SM, Öziç R, Pennycook SR, Peterson SW, Pettersson OV, Quaedvlieg W, Robert VA, Ruibal C, Schnürer J, Schroers HJ, Shivas R, Slippers B, Spierenburg H, Takashima M, Taşkın E, Thines M, Thrane U, Uztan AH, van Raak M, Varga J, Vasco A, Verkley G, Videira SI, de Vries RP, Weir BS, Yilmaz N, Yurkov A, Zhang N. The amsterdam declaration on fungal nomenclature. IMA Fungus 2011; 2:105-12. [PMID: 22679594 PMCID: PMC3317370 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2011.02.01.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Amsterdam Declaration on Fungal Nomenclature was agreed at an international symposium convened in Amsterdam on 19-20 April 2011 under the auspices of the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF). The purpose of the symposium was to address the issue of whether or how the current system of naming pleomorphic fungi should be maintained or changed now that molecular data are routinely available. The issue is urgent as mycologists currently follow different practices, and no consensus was achieved by a Special Committee appointed in 2005 by the International Botanical Congress to advise on the problem. The Declaration recognizes the need for an orderly transitition to a single-name nomenclatural system for all fungi, and to provide mechanisms to protect names that otherwise then become endangered. That is, meaning that priority should be given to the first described name, except where that is a younger name in general use when the first author to select a name of a pleomorphic monophyletic genus is to be followed, and suggests controversial cases are referred to a body, such as the ICTF, which will report to the Committee for Fungi. If appropriate, the ICTF could be mandated to promote the implementation of the Declaration. In addition, but not forming part of the Declaration, are reports of discussions held during the symposium on the governance of the nomenclature of fungi, and the naming of fungi known only from an environmental nucleic acid sequence in particular. Possible amendments to the Draft BioCode (2011) to allow for the needs of mycologists are suggested for further consideration, and a possible example of how a fungus only known from the environment might be described is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Hawksworth
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Botany, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Pedro W. Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Scott A. Redhead
- National Mycological Herbarium, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Don R. Reynolds
- Herbarium, University of California Berkeley, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building 2465, Berkeley, CA 94720-2465, USA
| | - Robert A. Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Keith A. Seifert
- National Mycological Herbarium, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - John W. Taylor
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA
| | - Michael J. Wingfield
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Özlem Abaci
- Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Catherine Aime
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University, Agricultural Center, 302 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Ahmet Asan
- Department of Biology, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey
| | - Feng-Yan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.3, 1st Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Z. Wilhelm de Beer
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Dominik Begerow
- AG Geobotanik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Derya Berikten
- Department of Biology, Anadolu University, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Teun Boekhout
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Treena Burgess
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, South St, Perth, 6150, Australia
| | - Walter Buzina
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, A 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Systematic Mycology & Lichenology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.10, North 4 Ring Road West (BeiSiHuanXiLu), HaiDian District, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Paul F. Cannon
- CABI Europe – UK and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK
| | - J. Leland Crane
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney Medical School - Westmead, University of Sydney Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, ICPMR, Level 3, Room 3114A, Darcy Road, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ulrike Damm
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Heide-Marie Daniel
- BCCM/MUCL, Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Mycology, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 3, bte 6, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Irina Druzhinina
- Area Gene Technology and Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul S. Dyer
- School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ursula Eberhardt
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Jack W. Fell
- RSMAS/University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Key Biscayne, Fl 33149, USA
| | - Jens C. Frisvad
- Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads B. 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David M. Geiser
- Fusarium Research Center, Department of Plant Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA 16802, USA
| | - József Geml
- National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9514, Einsteinweg 2, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chirlei Glienke
- Departament of Genetics, Federal University of Parana Curitiba – Brazil, PO Box 19071, 815310990 Brazil
| | - Tom Gräfenhan
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, 1404-303 Main Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3C 3G8, Canada
| | | | - Marizeth Groenewald
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Johannes de Gruyter
- Plant Protection Service, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Liang-Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.3, 1st Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | | | - Seung-Beom Hong
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Suwon, 441-707, Korea
| | - G. Sybren de Hoog
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Jos Houbraken
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Sabine M. Huhndorf
- Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, USA
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- PO Box 58, Bandoo Post Office, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Duygu G. Kadaifciler
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Vezneciler-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Paul M. Kirk
- CABI - Europe, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK
| | - Urmas Kõljalg
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, EE-51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Cletus P. Kurtzman
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604-3999 USA
| | - Paul-Emile Lagneau
- Regional Association for Health and Animal Identification, Drève du Prophète 2, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - C. André Lévesque
- National Mycological Herbarium, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.3, 1st Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lorenzo Lombard
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Wieland Meyer
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney Medical School - Westmead, University of Sydney Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, ICPMR, Level 3, Room 3114A, Darcy Road, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Andrew Miller
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, IL 61820-6970, USA
| | - David W. Minter
- Cybertruffle, 4 Esk Terrace, Whitby, North Yorkshire YO21 1PA, UK; CAB InternationaI, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey, TW20 9TY, UK
| | | | | | - Svetlana M. Ozerskaya
- All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms, G.K.Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino, Russia 142290
| | - Rasime Öziç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, TR-26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | | | - Stephen W. Peterson
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604-3999 USA
| | - Olga V. Pettersson
- Department of Microbiology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7025, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - William Quaedvlieg
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Vincent A. Robert
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Constantino Ruibal
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Botany, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Johan Schnürer
- Department of Microbiology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7025, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Roger Shivas
- Plant Pathology Herbarium (BRIP), Ecosciences Precinct, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Bernard Slippers
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Henk Spierenburg
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Masako Takashima
- Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Evrim Taşkın
- Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Celal Bayar University, 45140 Muradiye /Manisa, Turkey
| | - Marco Thines
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt (Main), Germany; and Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Siesmayerstrasse 70, D-60323 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Ulf Thrane
- Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads B. 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alev Haliki Uztan
- Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Biology Department, Ege University, Bornova/Izmir, Turkey
| | - Marcel van Raak
- Plant Protection Service, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - János Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - Aida Vasco
- Laboratorio de Taxonomía y Ecología de Hongos, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, A.A.1226 Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gerard Verkley
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Sandra I.R. Videira
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Ronald P. de Vries
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Bevan S. Weir
- Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Neriman Yilmaz
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Andrey Yurkov
- AG Geobotanik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Degenkolb T, Gräfenhan T, Berg A, Nirenberg HI, Gams W, Brückner H. Peptaibiomics: Screening for polypeptide antibiotics (peptaibiotics) from plant-protective Trichoderma species. Chem Biodivers 2007; 3:593-610. [PMID: 17193294 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200690063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Eight strains of Trichoderma species (T. strigosum, T. erinaceus, T. pubescens, T. stromaticum, and T. spirale as well as T. cf. strigosum, T. cf. pubescens) were selected because of their antagonistic potential against Eutypa dieback and Esca which are fungal diseases of grapevine trunks. These isolates were screened for the production of a group of polypeptide antibiotics named peptaibiotics, including its subgroups peptaibols and lipopeptaibols. Fully-grown fungal cultures on potato-dextrose agar were extracted with CH(2)Cl(2)/MeOH, and these extracts were subjected to SPE using C(18) cartridges. The methanolic eluates were analyzed by on-line LC/ESI-MS(n) coupling--a method which is referred to as 'peptaibiomics'. New seven-, ten-, and eleven-residue lipopeptaibols, with N-terminal alkanoyl, and C-terminal leucinol or isoleucinol residues were found and named lipostrigocins and lipopubescins. Furthermore, new 18-residue peptaibols named trichostromaticins and 19-residue peptaibols named trichostrigocins were discovered. One peptaibiotic carrying a free C-terminal valine (or isovaline) named trichocompactin XII was also sequenced. These results corroborate the hypothesis that peptaibiotics might contribute to the plant-protective action of their fungal producers. The data also point out that comparison of peptaibiotic sequences is of limited relevance in order to establish chemotaxonomic relationships among species of the genus Trichoderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Degenkolb
- Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Giessen, Giessen
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26
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Degenkolb T, Gräfenhan T, Nirenberg HI, Gams W, Brückner H. Trichoderma brevicompactum complex: Rich source of novel and recurrent plant-protective polypeptide antibiotics (peptaibiotics). J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54:7047-61. [PMID: 16968062 DOI: 10.1021/jf060788q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Three strains of Trichoderma brevicompactum and another four that are closely related to that species (Trichoderma cf. brevicompactum) were analyzed for the formation of polypeptide antibiotics (peptaibiotics) by LC/ESI-MS(n). These isolates were selected because of an antagonistic potential against Eutypa dieback and Esca disease of grapevine and have not yet been investigated for the production of peptide antibiotics. Fully grown cultures on potato dextrose agar were extracted with CH2Cl2/MeOH, and this extract was subjected to SPE using C18 cartridges. The methanolic eluates were analyzed by LC/ESI-MS(n). All strains were found to produce membrane-active alamethicins F30. In addition to that, novel peptaibiotics were detected, namely, 14 12-residue trichocryptins B, 12 11-residue trichocryptins A, 19 11-residue trichobrevins A and B, 6 10-residue trichoferins, and 17 8-residue trichocompactins. These compounds may partially be responsible for the plant-protective action of the producers. Chemotaxonomic considerations also indicated the necessity to introduce another new species that is closely related to T. brevicompactum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Degenkolb
- Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Giessen, Germany
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27
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Abstract
Trichoderma brevicompactum, T. viride, T. harzianum, T. atroviride, T. longibrachiatum, T. erinaceum, T. citrinoviride, and Hypocrea lutea were screened for production of trichothecenes after growth on one or several solid and liquid media. Trichothecenes were detected by liquid chromatography combined with online UV/vis spectroscopy and electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry. T. brevicompactum produced trichodermin and/or harzianum A on all media investigated, with liquid media yielding the largest amounts. Detection of octa-2Z,4E,6E-trienedioic acid in the harzianum-A-producing strains indicated that harzianum A was synthesized directly by esterification of trichodermol with octa-2Z,4E,6E-trienedioic acid. Both the T. viride strain from which trichodermin was originally isolated and the T. harzianum strain from which harzianum A was originally isolated were shown to belong to T. brevicompactum based on four independent criteria: metabolite profiles, micromorphology, macromorphology on yeast extract sucrose agar and potato dextrose agar, and DNA sequences of the ITS1/ITS2 regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Fog Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Biotechnology, BioCentrum-DTU, Technical University of Denmark
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28
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Campbell J, Volkmann-Kohlmeyer B, Gräfenhan T, Spatafora JW, Kohlmeyer J. A re-evaluation of Lulworthiales: relationships based on 18S and 28S rDNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 109:556-68. [PMID: 16018310 DOI: 10.1017/s0953756205002716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Lulworthiales consists of four genera: three that were removed from the Halosphaeriales, namely Lulworthia, Lindra, and Kohlmeyeriella; and Spathulospora, reassigned from the Spathulosporales. However, studies have shown that neither Lulworthia nor Lindra are monophyletic genera. This study was therefore undertaken to re-evaluate the genera of the Lulworthiales based on the SSU and LSU rDNA genes. Taxonomic revisions are proposed here for Lulworthia crassa, L. lignoarenaria, L. uniseptata and Lindra marinera: Lulworthia crassa is transferred into the genus Kohlmeyeriella; Lulwoidea gen. nov. is established for L. lignoarenaria; Lulwoana gen. nov. is established for L. uniseptata; and Lindra marinera is reduced to synonymy with L. thalassiae. Taxonomic descriptions are emended for the genus Lulworthia s. str., and for L. grandispora and Lindra thalassiae. A neotype is designated for Lulworthia grandispora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinx Campbell
- Department of Coastal Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, 703 East Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564, USA.
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