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Khanam SJ, Khan MN. Examining the influence of child nutritional disorders on early childhood development in Bangladesh: insights from the multiple indicator cluster survey. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e76. [PMID: 38384260 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between various forms of child nutritional disorders and early childhood development in Bangladesh. DESIGN We analysed data from the nationally representative cross-sectional 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. Early childhood development was evaluated using the Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI), which comprised 10 yes-or-no questions across four domains: literacy-numeracy, physical well-being, socio-emotional development, and learning abilities. Nutritional disorders (e.g. stunting, wasting, and underweight) were measured based on the World Health Organization's height and weight guidelines. To investigate the relationships between child development and nutritional disorders, we used multilevel logistic regression models. SETTING Bangladesh. PARTICIPANTS Data of 9,455 children aged 3 and 4 years. RESULTS Approximately 38 % of the children analysed experienced a nutritional disorder, with stunting being the most prevalent at 28·15 %. Overall, 25·27 % did not meet expected developmental progress measured by the ECDI. Stunted children were more likely to be off track developmentally, while those without any nutritional disorder were more likely to be on track. Socio-demographic factors, including age, sex, attendance in early childhood education programme, maternal education, maternal functional difficulties, region, and income, were identified as determinants of ECDI. CONCLUSIONS Childhood nutrition and socio-demographic factors significantly affect multiple developmental domains and overall ECDI among children aged 3-4 years. Prioritising policies and programmes that improve nutrition and address these determinants are crucial for fostering optimal development in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimlin Jahan Khanam
- Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nuruzzaman Khan
- Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
- Centre for Women's Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Berhanu G, Dessalegn B, Ali H, Animut K. Determinants of nutritional status among primary school students in Dilla Town; Application of an ordinal logistic regression model. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13928. [PMID: 36895335 PMCID: PMC9988510 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most frequent reasons for children's poor physical and mental development is malnutrition, becoming a more significant issue in most developing nations, including Ethiopia. Prior research used multiple anthropometric measurements separately to pinpoint undernutrition concerns in children. However, the impact of each explanatory variable on a single response category was not considered in these investigations. This study used a single composite index of anthropometric parameters to identify the factors affecting elementary school students' nutritional condition. Methods In Dilla, Ethiopia, 494 primary school students took part in a cross-sectional institutional survey during the 2021 academic year. Principal component analysis was used to create a single composite measure of nutritional status using z-scores for the anthropometric indices of height-for-age and body mass index-for-age. The relative effectiveness of a partial proportional odds model was compared with several other ordinal regression models to identify the important variables for children's nutritional status. Results 27.94% of primary school students were undernourished (7.29% severely and 20.65% moderately). According to the fitted partial proportional odds model, the mother's education level (secondary or higher) was positively correlated with the nutritional status of primary school students, given that in this case the students ate three or more times per day and had a high dietary diversity score (OR = 5.94; CI: 2.2-16.0). Nevertheless, there was a negative correlation between larger family size (OR = 0.56; CI: 0.32-0.97), unprotected groundwater (OR = 0.76; CI: 0.6-0.96), and severely food insecure households (OR = 0.3; CI: 0.14-0.68). Conclusion In Dilla, Ethiopia, undernutrition among primary school students is a serious issue. It is essential to implement nutrition education and school feeding programs, improve drinking water sources, and boost the community's economy to alleviate the problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getasew Berhanu
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Behailu Dessalegn
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Helen Ali
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, College of Health and Medical Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Animut
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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Sisay M, Atenafu A, Hunegnaw MT, Lorato MM. Prevalence and factors associated with stunting and thinness among school age children in rural primary schools, East Dembia District, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:128. [DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00624-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
To assess the prevalence and factors associated with stunting and thinness among school-age children in rural primary schools in the East Dembia District, Northwest Ethiopia.
Methods
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted using a systematic random sampling procedure to select 840 school-aged children. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Height and weight measurements were taken, and a combined wet mount and concentration technique was used. Epi Data 3.1 was used to enter data, which was then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered significantly associated with stunting and thinness.
Results
The prevalence of stunting and thinness was 25.5 and 13.0%, respectively. Being infected with an intestinal parasite (AOR =4.34; 95% CI: 2.52, 12.27), being in the age group 11–14 years (AOR =3.73; 95% CI: 2.19, 6.34), having the lowest dietary diversity practice (AOR =4.61; 95% CI: 1.73, 12.27), unimproved water sources (AOR =1.76; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.91), not practicing good hygiene practice (AOR =1.71; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.804) and having an unimproved latrine type (AOR =1.72; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.89) were significantly associated with stunting. On the other hand, unsecured food (AOR =1.74; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.81), eating less than 3 meals per day (AOR = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.11, 6.46), and untreated water (AOR =1.72; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.75) were factors associated significantly with thinness.
Conclusion
Stunting and thinness are predominant public health problems in the study area, provided that the prevalence of stunting is slightly higher than that of a national survey on health and nutrition in schoolchildren, whereas the prevalence of thinness is lower when compared to the same national survey. In this study, the primary factor that was significantly associated with stunting was dietary diversity; the primary factor that was associated with thinness was eating fewer than 3 meals per day. So, an integrated strategy is important to alleviate undernutrition among school-aged children in the current study area.
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Childhood stunting and subsequent educational outcomes: a marginal structural model analysis from a South African longitudinal study. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:3016-3024. [PMID: 36008100 PMCID: PMC9991553 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022001823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between childhood stunting and grade completion (as educational outcome) in South Africa. DESIGN Longitudinal study. Data were obtained using the National Income Dynamics Study over five waves (2008 to 2017). Children were tracked at wave 1 in 2008 until wave 5 in 2017 to determine their total years of schooling. We controlled for time-variant and time-varying confounding with a marginal structural model to estimate the associations between childhood stunting and subsequent grade completion. SETTING Nationally representative study of South African households. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2629 children aged 2 and 3 years in 2008. RESULTS We observed a substantial decrease in the prevalence of stunting between wave 1 (28·2 %) and wave 4 (8·6 %). Our marginal structural model results suggest that childhood stunting was significantly associated with decreased odds (22 % less likely) of grade completion (OR = 0·78; 95 % CI: 0·40, 0·86; P = 0·015), while those who were only stunted during early childhood had a 29 % reduction in the odds of grade completion (OR = 0·71; 95 % CI: 0·51, 0·82; P = 0·020). CONCLUSION These findings underscore the fact that stunting is a significant predictor of academic achievement, whose effects might be long-lasting.
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Wiliyanarti PF, Wulandari Y, Nasrullah D. Behavior in fulfilling nutritional needs for Indonesian children with stunting: Related culture, family support, and mother’s knowledge. J Public Health Res 2022; 11:22799036221139938. [DOI: 10.1177/22799036221139938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stunting in children has adverse consequences such as a decrease in cognition, language, and academic performance. Most of the children in Indonesia were diagnosed with stunting. The aim of this study was to measure factors affecting behavior in fulfilling nutritional needs among children under the age of 5 years with stunting. Design and method: This study used a cross-sectional design. Data were collected from mothers who had children under the age of 5 years (6–48 months) in Talang village, Pamekasan Regency, Madura using a self-report questionnaire. The total sample in this study was 120, selected using a random sampling technique. The independent variables were maternal characteristics, culture, family support, and mother’s knowledge, while the dependent variable was the behavior in fulfilling nutritional needs among children. We used a self-report questionnaire to measure variables. Logistic regression was used to analyze factors affecting the behavior of fulfilling nutrition interventions. We used a statistical significance p < 0.05. Results: Culture, family support, and knowledge were factors that affecting behavior of fulfilling nutritional needs among children under the age of 5 years with stunting, 0.279 (OR = 0.279, 95% CI: 0.084-0.920, p = 0.036); (OR = 2.435, 95% CI: 1.270-4.667, p = 0.007; OR = 4.860, 95% CI: 1.548-15.261, p = 0.724), respectively. Conclusion: Behavioral in Fulfilling nutritional needs determines the health status of children. Therefore, the awareness of parents, knowledge, and multisectoral is needed to prevent stunting among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pipit Festi Wiliyanarti
- Department of Community Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yuanita Wulandari
- Department of Maternity Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dede Nasrullah
- Department of Gerontological Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Indonesia
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Zerga AA, Tadesse SE, Ayele FY, Ayele SZ. Impact of malnutrition on the academic performance of school children in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221122398. [PMID: 36161209 PMCID: PMC9500247 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221122398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to identify the impact of malnutrition on the academic performance of children in Ethiopia. Method The protocol of this study is registered in PROSPERO with a registration number CRD42021242269. A comprehensive search of studies from HINARY, MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and Google was conducted. All published and unpublished studies conducted about the effect of any forms of malnutrition on academic performance of elementary school children in Ethiopia using the English language were included. Quality of the articles was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. The pooled log odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was determined to identify the effect of malnutrition on academic performance. I-square statistics was applied to check the degree of heterogeneity between studies. The presence of publication or small study bias had been assessed by Funnel plots, Egger's weighted regression test, and Begg's rank correlation test. Result A total of 10 studies were included in this study. The pooled prevalence of good academic performance among elementary school students in Ethiopia was 58% (95% confidence interval: 48%, 69%). Stunting (odds ratio = 0.48; 95% confidence interval: 0.30, 0.79), underweight (odds ratio = 0.38; 95% confidence interval: 0.27, 0.53), and iodine deficiency (odds ratio = 0.49; 95% confidence interval: 0.31, 0.78) had a significant association with the academic performance. Rural residence (odds ratio = 0.61; 95% confidence interval: 0.44, 0.83), being female (odds ratio = 0.53; 95% confidence interval: 0.37, 0.77), and uneducated parent (odds ratio = 0.51; 95% confidence interval: 0.44, 0.58) were also factors associated with good academic performance of primary school children in Ethiopia. Conclusion This study concluded that malnutrition in the form of stunting, underweight, and iodine deficiency affected the academic performance of elementary school children in Ethiopia. So, the Ministry of Health worked better to strengthen the nutrition intervention at the critical periods of brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aregash Abebayehu Zerga
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Eshete Tadesse
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Fanos Yeshanew Ayele
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Segenet Zewdie Ayele
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Gansaonré RJ, Moore L, Bleau LP, Kobiané JF, Haddad S. Stunting, age at school entry and academic performance in developing countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatr 2022; 111:1853-1861. [PMID: 35691004 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To review evidence of the effects of stunting, or height-for-age, on schooling level and schooling trajectories, defined as the combination of school entry age, grade repetition, and dropouts. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of studies (last update March 20, 2021) that assessed the association between stunting, or height-for-age, and at least one component of school trajectory using five databases (PubMed, Embase, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Web of Science and PsycINFO). Two independent reviewers performed study selection and data extraction. Pooled effects were calculated using the generic inverse variance weighting random effect model. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. PROSPERO ID CRD42020198346. RESULTS We screened 3944 articles and 16 were eligible for the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. Meta-analysis showed that an increase in height-for-age leads to an increase in early enrollment [OR=1.34 (95% CI, 1.07-1.67)], a reduction in late enrollment [OR=0.63 (95% CI, 0.51-0.78)], an increase in schooling level [MD=0.24 (95% CI, 0.14-0.34)], and a reduction of school overage [OR=0.79 (95% CI, 0.70-0.90)]. Stunted children were more likely to repeat a grade than non-stunted [OR=1.59 (95% CI, 1.18-2.14). CONCLUSION This review suggests that stunting in childhood might negatively affect school trajectories. Future research should evaluate the effect of stunting on school trajectories and the modification effect of socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabi Joël Gansaonré
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Lynne Moore
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Traumatologie-Urgence-Soins intensifs, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Louis-Philippe Bleau
- VITAM - Centre de recherche en santé durable de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Kobiané
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Slim Haddad
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Molla W, Argaw D, Kabthymer RH, Wudneh A. Prevalence and associated factors of wasting among school children in Ethiopia: Multi-centered cross-sectional study. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Argaw D, Hussen Kabthymer R, Endale T, Wudneh A, Daniel Meshesha M, Tadesse Hirbu J, Bayisa Y, Abebe L, Tilahun R, Aregawi S, Lodebo Funga M, Wodaynew T, Demisse B, Cherinet Eritero A, Getachew Assefa D, Daganchew Zeleke E, Mengistu N, Temesgen Alemu K, Molla W. Stunting and associated factors among primary school children in Ethiopia: School-based cross-sectional study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICA NURSING SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijans.2022.100451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Katiso SW, Kerbo AA, Dake SK. Adolescents' nutritional status and its association with academic performance in South Ethiopia; a facility-based cross-sectional study. BMC Nutr 2021; 7:15. [PMID: 33910651 PMCID: PMC8082903 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-021-00420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable stages of life in which malnutrition inhibits academic performance through poor growth and development, mental retardation, poor overall cognitive function and poor health status. However, there is a dearth of evidence regarding the association between nutritional status and academic performance among adolescent students. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association of nutritional status and academic performance among adolescent secondary school students in Wolaita Sodo town, Southern Ethiopia. METHODS A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 670 systematically selected adolescents in secondary schools of Wolaita Sodo town from April to June 2019. The academic performance of the adolescents was measured using the mean mark score of two consecutive semesters' results of all subjects. Data were analyzed using Stata software Version 15. Descriptive statistics, binary and multiple linear regression analysis were done. Statistical association of dependent and independent variables was declared at p-value < 0.05. RESULTS The mean academic performance of students was 69.21 ± 0.42 (95% CI: 68.34-70.02%). A mean mark score of students increased by 1.89 (β = 1.89; 95%CI: 1.14, 2.64) for a unit increase in BMI for age z-score. Being female decreased a mean mark score by 2.63 (β = - 2.63; 95%CI: - 4.28, - 0.98) and being from a separated parents decreased by 4.73 (β = - 4. 73; 95%CI: - 6.73, - 2.74). A mean mark score of students from the first wealth class decreased by 9.92 (- 9.92; 95%CI: - 12.79, - 7.04) as compared to students from the highest wealth class. Attending private schools increased the mean mark score of students by 4.18 (β = 4.18; 95% CI: 2.46, 5.90). CONCLUSIONS Interventions targeted at adolescents' nutritional status should be designed and implemented. The town education office and concerned bodies should launch a school feeding program for public schools. Development and income generation activities should target households in the first wealth status. Schools are recommended to design additional teaching and learning schemes such as tutorial classes for girl students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selamawit Woldeyohanes Katiso
- Department of Reproductive Health and Nutrition, Wolaita Sodo University, College of Health Science and Medicine, School of Public Health, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Amene Abebe Kerbo
- Department of Reproductive Health and Nutrition, Wolaita Sodo University, College of Health Science and Medicine, School of Public Health, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Samson Kastro Dake
- Department of Reproductive Health and Nutrition, Wolaita Sodo University, College of Health Science and Medicine, School of Public Health, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
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Pradana Putri A, Rong JR. Parenting functioning in stunting management: A concept analysis. J Public Health Res 2021; 10. [PMID: 33855428 PMCID: PMC8129738 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stunting, a global issue, is the retarded growth and development of children resulting from inadequate nutrition, frequent infection, and insufficient psychosocial stimulation. It is usually an indicator of poor parenting. The role of parents is important for children's growth, development and learning. Parenting functioning is a concept health care professionals use to describe parenting activities for the purpose of intervention. But, the health professionals and patients have different understanding on parental functioning. There is a need to have a consistent definition of parenting functioning, and therefore this study aims to analyze the concept. Walker and Avant's method of concept analysis was used to study parenting functioning for the purpose of improving management of stunting. The attributes of parenting functioning are knowledge, competency, effort, responsibility, partnership, caring, teaching and communicating. Antecedents for parenting functioning are relationship, children's characteristics, careful observation and vicarious experiences. The consequences are positive child-rearing practice, less psychological stress and children's wellness. The empirical referents for parenting functioning are Keys to Interactive Parenting Scale (KIPS) and Parenting Interaction with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO). In conclusion, this analytical concept can provide insights into nursing and public health colleagues to improve understanding of parenting functioning and to facilitate development of instrument to improve to an advance stage and to improve the stunting management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anggie Pradana Putri
- International Nursing PhD Program, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei.
| | - Jin-Ru Rong
- International Nursing PhD Program, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei.
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Mekonnen Z, Hassen D, Debalke S, Tiruneh A, Asres Y, Chelkeba L, Zemene E, Belachew T. Soil-transmitted helminth infections and nutritional status of school children in government elementary schools in Jimma Town, Southwestern Ethiopia. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120954696. [PMID: 32953118 PMCID: PMC7475784 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120954696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Soil-transmitted helminth infections and malnutrition are major health problems of school-age children in developing countries. Malnutrition and soil-transmitted helminth infections often co-exist with synergetic consequences. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminths and its association with nutritional status of school-age children. Methods School-based cross-sectional study was carried out from April to May 2014 among 404 elementary school-age children in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia. Data on background characteristics were collected using structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were taken according to World Health Organization standard. Fresh single stool sample was collected from each study participant and examined using direct wet mount and McMaster techniques. Anthropometric indices were generated using WHO AnthroPlus software. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to isolate independent predictors of intestinal parasitic infection and nutritional status using STATA-MP software. All tests were two-sided and P < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites and soil-transmitted helminths were 68.6% (n = 277) and 55.0% (n = 222), respectively. A total of eight species of intestinal parasites were identified in this study, Trichuris trichiura being the most common parasite identified followed by Ascaris lumbricoides. Study participants who had a habit of open defecation were two times more likely to be infected with soil-transmitted helminths (adjusted odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.0-3.4). The overall prevalence of stunting and thinness were 21.0% (n = 85) and 6.9% (n = 28), respectively. The odds of stunting was significantly high (adjusted odds ratio = 4.0, 95% confidence interval: 1.7-9.7) among children who had fathers working as daily labourers and children with personal dietary diversity score of ⩽3 (adjusted odds ratio = 3.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.5-8.0). T. trichiura infection (adjusted odds ratio = 9.4, 95% confidence interval: 2.0-44.8) was identified as an independent predictor of stunting among school-age children. Conclusion Both the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths and stunting are high among school-age children in Jimma Town. Although there was no statistically significant association between the STHs, in general, T. trichiura was reported as predictor of stunting. The results imply the need for strengthening strategies for reduction of parasitic infection to curb the pervasively high prevalence of stunting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeleke Mekonnen
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | | | - Serkadis Debalke
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Tiruneh
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Yaregal Asres
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Legesse Chelkeba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Endalew Zemene
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tefera Belachew
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Seyoum D, Tsegaye R, Tesfaye A. Under nutrition as a predictor of poor academic performance; the case of Nekemte primary schools students, Western Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:727. [PMID: 31694712 PMCID: PMC6836505 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Though gradual improvements are exist; Ethiopia's learning outcomes are still low in primary schools. Academic achievement of school age children can be affected by several factors such as nutritional status, socio-economic and demographic factors. The aim of this study was to assess predictors of poor academic performance in Nekemte Primary school students, Western Ethiopia. RESULTS A total of 362 schoolchildren and their parents were involved in the study. The study involved interviewing the participants and their parents, anthropometric measurement of participants and their document review. The prevalence of stunting and underweight was 30.2% and 45.9% respectively. Of the total study participants, 32.2% of them were poor in academic achievement. Variables like Being underweight (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.57; 95% Confidence interval (CI) 0.23-0.82), Skipping breakfast (AOR: 2.1; 95% CI 1.42-5.76), stunting (AOR: 0.66; 95% CI 0.12-0.93), being male (AOR: 2.8; 95% CI 1.79-4.52), participants whom mothers didn't attend formal education (AOR: 0.62; 95% CI 0.37-0.92) were significantly associated with academic performance. Thus, Modifiable factors like under nutrition should be a great concern to improve the overall achievement of children in schooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejene Seyoum
- Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Reta Tsegaye
- Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
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