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Minhinnick A, Santos-Gonzalez F, Wilson M, Lorgelly P. How is Value Defined in Molecular Testing in Cancer? A Scoping Review. APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY 2024:10.1007/s40258-024-00901-4. [PMID: 38980555 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-024-00901-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify how value is defined in studies that focus on the value of molecular testing in cancer and the extent to which broadening the conceptualisation of value in healthcare has been applied in the molecular testing literature. METHODS A scoping review was undertaken using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidance. Medline, Embase, EconLit and Cochrane Library were searched in August 2023. Articles were eligible if they reported costs relative to outcomes, novel costs, or novel outcomes of molecular testing in cancer. Results were synthesised and qualitative content analysis was performed with deductive and inductive frameworks. RESULTS Ninety-one articles were included in the review. The majority (75/91) were conventional economic analyses (comparative economic evaluations and budget impact assessments) and undertaken from a healthcare system perspective (38/91). Clinical outcomes dominate the assessment of value (61/91), with quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) the most common outcome measure (45/91). Other definitions of value were diverse (e.g. psychological impact, access to trials), inconsistent, and largely not in keeping with evolving guidance. CONCLUSIONS Broader concepts of value were not commonly described in the molecular testing literature focusing on cancer. Conventional approaches to measuring the health costs and outcomes of molecular testing in cancer prevail with little focus on non-clinical elements of value. There are emerging reports of non-clinical outcomes of testing information, particularly psychological consequences. Intrinsic attributes of the testing process and preferences of those who receive testing information may determine the realised societal value of molecular testing and highlight challenges to implementing such a value framework.
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Augustovski F, Argento F, Alcaraz A, García Martí S, Pichon Riviere A, Alfie V. Toward the Implementation of a Value Framework for Diagnostic Technologies: Operationalization, Piloting, and Validation in Latin America. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2024; 27:570-577. [PMID: 38408638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2023.09.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In 2020, a group of 30 stakeholders from Latin America established 15 criteria for a diagnostic technologies value framework (D-VF) to help assess and inform decisions on diagnostic technologies. This article aims to present the operationalization, piloting, and initial validation of the framework for its implementation. METHODS This work was carried out collaboratively with a variety of stakeholders. Three sequential phases were undertaken: (1) operationalization of the D-VF through a literature search for conceptual definitions and assessment tools, (2) piloting of the D-VF through a rapid health technology assessment document applying the methodology of the framework, and (3) a face validation process conducted through a virtual workshop, where usefulness and implementation aspects of the framework were assessed. RESULTS The operationalization of the framework was conducted, and a methodological user guide was published. The D-VF criteria were applied in a health technology assessment document on human papilloma virus testing in cervical cancer screening. Also, an open-access training program was developed. Stakeholders agreed on the usefulness of the D-VF for assessment and decision-making stages of diagnostic technologies. However, they highlighted the need to improve technical capacities and the potential for added complexity when applying a D-VF with many criteria. The absence of an established value framework for diagnostic technologies in Latin America and the potential for strengthening technical capacities made the project valuable to those involved. CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic technologies value framework was shown to be fit for implementation in real-life decision-making settings after the operationalization, piloting, and initial validation phases. Further experiences are important to support its implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Augustovski
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Fernando Argento
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Alcaraz
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Andrés Pichon Riviere
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Alfie
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Chen Y, Deng X, Lin D, Yang P, Wu S, Wang X, Zhou H, Chen X, Wang X, Wu W, Ke K, Huang W, Tan X. Predicting 1-, 3-, 5-, and 8-year all-cause mortality in a community-dwelling older adult cohort: relevance for predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine. EPMA J 2023; 14:713-726. [PMID: 38094581 PMCID: PMC10713970 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-023-00342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population aging is a global public health issue involving increased prevalence of age-related diseases, and concomitant burden on medical resources and the economy. Ninety-two diseases have been identified as age-related, accounting for 51.3% of the global adult disease burden. The economic cost per capita for older people over 60 years is 10 times that of the younger population. From the aspects of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM), developing a risk-prediction model can help identify individuals at high risk for all-cause mortality and provide an opportunity for targeted prevention through personalized intervention at an early stage. However, there is still a lack of predictive models to help community-dwelling older adults do well in healthcare. OBJECTIVES This study aims to develop an accurate 1-, 3-, 5-, and 8-year all-cause mortality risk-prediction model by using clinical multidimensional variables, and investigate risk factors for 1-, 3-, 5-, and 8-year all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older adults to guide primary prevention. METHODS This is a two-center cohort study. Inclusion criteria: (1) community-dwelling adult, (2) resided in the districts of Chaonan or Haojiang for more than 6 months in the past 12 months, and (3) completed a health examination. Exclusion criteria: (1) age less than 60 years, (2) more than 30 incomplete variables, (3) no signed informed consent. The primary outcome of the study was all-cause mortality obtained from face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, and the medical death database from 2012 to 2021. Finally, we enrolled 5085 community-dwelling adults, 60 years and older, who underwent routine health screening in the Chaonan and Haojiang districts, southern China, from 2012 to 2021. Of them, 3091 participants from Chaonan were recruited as the primary training and internal validation study cohort, while 1994 participants from Haojiang were recruited as the external validation cohort. A total of 95 clinical multidimensional variables, including demographics, lifestyle behaviors, symptoms, medical history, family history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and electrocardiogram (ECG) data were collected to identify candidate risk factors and characteristics. Risk factors were identified using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) models and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. A nomogram predictive model for 1-, 3-, 5- and 8-year all-cause mortality was constructed. The accuracy and calibration of the nomogram prediction model were assessed using the concordance index (C-index), integrated Brier score (IBS), receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and calibration curves. The clinical validity of the model was assessed using decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS Nine independent risk factors for 1-, 3-, 5-, and 8-year all-cause mortality were identified, including increased age, male, alcohol status, higher daily liquor consumption, history of cancer, elevated fasting glucose, lower hemoglobin, higher heart rate, and the occurrence of heart block. The acquisition of risk factor criteria is low cost, easily obtained, convenient for clinical application, and provides new insights and targets for the development of personalized prevention and interventions for high-risk individuals. The areas under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram model were 0.767, 0.776, and 0.806, and the C-indexes were 0.765, 0.775, and 0.797, in the training, internal validation, and external validation sets, respectively. The IBS was less than 0.25, which indicates good calibration. Calibration and decision curves showed that the predicted probabilities were in good agreement with the actual probabilities and had good clinical predictive value for PPPM. CONCLUSION The personalized risk prediction model can identify individuals at high risk of all-cause mortality, help offer primary care to prevent all-cause mortality, and provide personalized medical treatment for these high-risk individuals from the PPPM perspective. Strict control of daily liquor consumption, lowering fasting glucose, raising hemoglobin, controlling heart rate, and treatment of heart block could be beneficial for improving survival in elderly populations. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13167-023-00342-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yequn Chen
- Department of Community Monitoring, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong China
| | - Xiulian Deng
- Department of Community Monitoring, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong China
| | - Dong Lin
- Department of Community Monitoring, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong China
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027 Australia
| | - Peixuan Yang
- Department of Health Management Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong China
| | - Shiwan Wu
- Department of Community Monitoring, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong China
| | - Xidong Wang
- Department of Community Monitoring, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Community Monitoring, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong China
| | - Ximin Chen
- Department of Community Monitoring, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Community Monitoring, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong China
| | - Weichai Wu
- Department of Community Monitoring, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong China
| | - Kaibing Ke
- Department of Community Monitoring, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong China
| | - Wenjia Huang
- Department of Community Monitoring, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong China
| | - Xuerui Tan
- Clinical Research Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Jinping District, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong China
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Hayashi N, Fukada I, Ohmoto A, Yamazaki M, Wang X, Hosonaga M, Takahashi S. Evaluation of an inflammation-based score for identification of appropriate patients for comprehensive genomic profiling. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:109. [PMID: 36260237 PMCID: PMC9582079 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00574-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Performance status (PS) is widely used as an assessment of general condition in patients before performing comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP). However, PS scoring is dependent on each physician, and there is no objective and universal indicator to identify appropriate patients for CGP. Overall, 263 patients were scored using the modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) from 0 to 2 based on the combination of serum albumin and c-reactive protein (CRP): 0, albumin ≥ 3.5 g/dl and CRP ≤ 0.5 mg/dl; 1, albumin < 3.5 g/dl or CRP > 0.5 mg/dl; and 2, albumin < 3.5 g/dl and CRP > 0.5 mg/dl. Overall survival was compared between mGPS 0-1 and mGPS 2 groups. The prognosis of patients with PS 0-1 and mGPS 2 was also evaluated. Thirty-nine patients (14.8%) were mGPS 2. Patients with mGPS 2 had significant shorter survival (14.7 months vs 4.6 months, p < 0.01). Twenty-eight patients were PS 0-1 and mGPS 2, and their survival was also short (5.6 months). Evaluation of mGPS is a simple and useful method for identifying patients with adequate prognosis using CGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Hayashi
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
- Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ippei Fukada
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
- Breast Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohmoto
- Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masumi Yamazaki
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
- The Center for Advanced Medical Development, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Hosonaga
- Breast Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunji Takahashi
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
- Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- The Center for Advanced Medical Development, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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de Vasconcelos Silva ACP, Araujo BM, Spiegel T, da Cunha Reis A. May value-based healthcare practices contribute to comprehensive care for cancer patients? A systematic literature review. J Cancer Policy 2022; 34:100350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpo.2022.100350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Holloway K, Miller FA. The Consultant's intermediary role in the regulation of molecular diagnostics in the US. Soc Sci Med 2022; 304:112929. [PMID: 32201019 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular diagnostics are fast becoming a big business, with the promise of personalized medicine fueling the growth of "blockbuster" tests with high expectations for health system impact and commercial success. We investigate the polycentric regulatory regime for molecular diagnostics in the US, drawing attention to the prominent role of coverage and reimbursement systems in setting regulatory standards for this industry. We hone in on the private consultants who assist molecular diagnostics companies to gain broad clinical uptake of their products. Through a web-based search of consulting companies, analysis of their online materials, and 13 qualitative interviews with consultants, we describe the role of these actors in the coverage and reimbursement of novel diagnostics and highlight the production of evidence as a critical part of the process. We argue that consultants operate as regulatory intermediaries, helping to develop the evidentiary standards for payment decisions that ultimately benefit their clients, the manufacturers. We suggest that public policy discussions over how best to realize the promise of personalized medicine should be re-oriented to consider whose interests are represented in the regulatory regime governing access to these technologies.
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Sato T, Enoki T, Karasawa Y, Someya H, Taguchi M, Harimoto K, Takayama K, Kanda T, Ito M, Takeuchi M. Inflammatory Factors of Macular Atrophy in Eyes With Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treated With Aflibercept. Front Immunol 2021; 12:738521. [PMID: 34721402 PMCID: PMC8548619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a leading cause of blindness in older people. Low-grade inflammation is well-known as one of the pathogenic mechanisms in nAMD. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy is the first-line treatment for nAMD, although macula atrophy (MA) developed under anti-VEGF therapy causes irreversible visual function impairment and is recognized as a serious disorder. Here, we show specific expression patterns of aqueous humor (AH) cytokines in nAMD eyes developing MA under intravitreal injection of aflibercept (IVA) as an anti-VEGF antibody and present predictive cytokines as biomarkers for the incidence of MA in nAMD eyes under IVA treatment. Methods Twenty-eight nAMD patients received three consecutive monthly IVA, followed by a pro re nata regimen for 2 years. AH specimens were collected before first IVA (pre-IVA) and before third IVA (post-IVA). AH cytokine levels, visual acuity (VA), and central retinal thickness (CRT) were measured. Results Two-year incidence of MA was 21.4%. In nAMD eyes developing MA [MA (+) group], pre-IVA levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, VEGF and post-IVA level of MCP-1 were higher than those in nAMD eyes without MA [MA (−) group]. In hierarchical cluster analysis, pre-IVA MCP-1 and VEGF were grouped into the same subcluster, as were post-IVA MCP-1 and CRT. In principal component analysis, principal component loading (PCL) of pre-IVA interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) was 0.61, but PCL of post-IVA IP-10 decreased to −0.09. In receiver operating characteristic analysis and Kaplan–Meier curves, pre-IVA MCP-1, MIP-1β, and VEGF and post-IVA interleukin-6, MCP-1, and MIP-1β were detected as predictive factors for MA incidence. In 2-year clinical course, changes of VA in groups with high levels of pre-IVA MIP-1β (over 39.9 pg/ml) and VEGF (over 150.4 pg/ml) were comparable to those in MA (+) group. Conclusion Substantial loss of IP-10 effects and persistent inflammation contribute to incidence of MA, and screening of AH cytokine levels could be a useful method to predict MA incidence in nAMD eyes under anti-VEGF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | | | - Yoko Karasawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Someya
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Manzo Taguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kozo Harimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kei Takayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kanda
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Masataka Ito
- Department of Developmental Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Masaru Takeuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Liu L, Zhu S. Computational Methods for Prediction of Human Protein-Phenotype Associations: A Review. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 1:171-185. [PMID: 36939789 PMCID: PMC9590544 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-021-00019-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the relationship between human proteins (genes) and phenotypes is one of the fundamental tasks in phenomics research. The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) builds upon a standardized logical vocabulary to describe the abnormal phenotypes encountered in human diseases and paves the way towards the computational analysis of their genetic causes. To date, many computational methods have been proposed to predict the HPO annotations of proteins. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive review of the existing approaches to predicting HPO annotations of novel proteins, identifying missing HPO annotations, and prioritizing candidate proteins with respect to a certain HPO term. For each topic, we first give the formalized description of the problem, and then systematically revisit the published literatures highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, followed by the discussion on the challenges and promising future directions. In addition, we point out several potential topics to be worthy of exploration including the selection of negative HPO annotations and detecting HPO misannotations. We believe that this review will provide insight to the researchers in the field of computational phenotype analyses in terms of comprehending and developing novel prediction algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Liu
- School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Shanfeng Zhu
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200433 China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, 200433 China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
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Augustovski F, Alfie V, Alcaraz A, García Martí S, Drummond MF, Pichon-Riviere A. A Value Framework for the Assessment of Diagnostic Technologies: A Proposal Based on a Targeted Systematic Review and a Multistakeholder Deliberative Process in Latin America. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2021; 24:486-496. [PMID: 33840426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES there are very few value frameworks (VFs) to assess health technologies that are focused on diagnostic tests; they usually do not reflect a multistakeholder process; and they are all developed in high-income countries. Our project performed a targeted systematic review, with the objective of proposing an evidence-based, up-to-date VF informed by a multinational multistakeholder group working in the health technology assessment (HTA) space. METHODS (1) A targeted systematic review, with the aim to identify existing VFs and their dimensions; and (2) generation a VF proposal through a mixed-methods, qualitative-quantitative approach. RESULTS From 73 citations identified, 20 met our inclusion criteria and served to provide the initial list of dimensions for our VF. An initial list of criteria and subcriteria for a preliminary VF was proposed. After a full-day deliberative face-to-face meeting with 30 relevant stakeholders from seven Latin American countries and the United Kingdom, the final VF was defined, consisting of 15 criteria: five "essential or core," six highly relevant, three moderately relevant, and one of low relevance. Barriers and facilitators of value assessment of diagnostic technologies were also discussed. CONCLUSIONS We propose a VF oriented to diagnostic technologies based on a targeted systematic review and a participatory process with key HTA stakeholders. It is the first to be produced in a lower and middle income setting but can also be potentially useful in other contexts aimed to assist decision-making processes with these particularly complex health technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Augustovski
- Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics Department, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council), Argentina.
| | - Veronica Alfie
- Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics Department, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Alcaraz
- Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics Department, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián García Martí
- Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics Department, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Andrés Pichon-Riviere
- Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics Department, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council), Argentina
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Nichols BS, Chelales E, Wang R, Schulman A, Gallagher J, Greenup RA, Geradts J, Harter J, Marcom PK, Wilke LG, Ramanujam N. Quantitative assessment of distant recurrence risk in early stage breast cancer using a nonlinear combination of pathological, clinical and imaging variables. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960235. [PMID: 32573935 PMCID: PMC8521784 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Use of genomic assays to determine distant recurrence risk in patients with early stage breast cancer has expanded and is now included in the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual. Algorithmic alternatives using standard clinical and pathology information may provide equivalent benefit in settings where genomic tests, such as OncotypeDx, are unavailable. We developed an artificial neural network (ANN) model to nonlinearly estimate risk of distant cancer recurrence. In addition to clinical and pathological variables, we enhanced our model using intraoperatively determined global mammographic breast density (MBD) and local breast density (LBD). LBD was measured with optical spectral imaging capable of sensing regional concentrations of tissue constituents. A cohort of 56 ER+ patients with an OncotypeDx score was evaluated. We demonstrated that combining MBD/LBD measurements with clinical and pathological variables improves distant recurrence risk prediction accuracy, with high correlation (r = 0.98) to the OncotypeDx recurrence score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S. Nichols
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Erika Chelales
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Roujia Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Amanda Schulman
- Department of Surgery, The University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jennifer Gallagher
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rachel A. Greenup
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joseph Geradts
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Josephine Harter
- Department of Pathology, The University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Paul K. Marcom
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lee G. Wilke
- Department of Surgery, The University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nirmala Ramanujam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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Govaerts L, Simoens S, Van Dyck W, Huys I. Shedding Light on Reimbursement Policies of Companion Diagnostics in European Countries. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2020; 23:606-615. [PMID: 32389226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ensuring access to precision medicine has been an issue because in some European countries, desynchronized reimbursement decision-making occurs between the medicine and the companion diagnostic (CDx). This has resulted in cases in which precision medicine is reimbursed but not the CDx. In overcoming this issue, an alignment of the decision-making process for reimbursement between the 2 entities should be considered. As pharmaceutical reimbursement procedures are meticulously covered in the literature, we set out to systematically map in vitro diagnostic (IVD) reimbursement procedures and identify policies for aligning these procedures with the pharmaceutical reimbursement procedures. METHODS We selected 8 European countries for this analysis. For each country, we characterized the national benefit basket entailing the IVD medical acts in outpatient care, evaluated the procedure for inclusion, and identified alternative reimbursement practices for CDx. Targeted searches, using publicly accessible sources, were conducted to identify relevant reimbursement policies and laws. RESULTS We systematically describe the reimbursement process in 8 European countries. Alternative procedures for CDx reimbursement were identified in Belgium and Germany. Alternative policies attributed to the practice of precision medicine were identified in England and Italy. In France, some CDx are included in the "coverage with evidence" development program. Specifically, the health technology assessment agencies of France and England commented on the assessment of companion diagnostics and their clinical utility. CONCLUSION CDx reimbursement procedures have recently been implemented in some countries. This was seemingly done primarily to ensure access to the precision medicine and only secondary to the value they would provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurenz Govaerts
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Healthcare Management Centre, Vlerick Business School, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Steven Simoens
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Walter Van Dyck
- Healthcare Management Centre, Vlerick Business School, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Huys
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Kasztura M, Richard A, Bempong NE, Loncar D, Flahault A. Cost-effectiveness of precision medicine: a scoping review. Int J Public Health 2019; 64:1261-1271. [PMID: 31650223 PMCID: PMC6867980 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-019-01298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Precision medicine (PM) aims to improve patient outcomes by stratifying or individualizing diagnosis and treatment decisions. Previous reviews found inconclusive evidence as to the cost-effectiveness of PM. The purpose of this scoping review was to describe current research findings on the cost-effectiveness of PM and to identify characteristics of cost-effective interventions.
Methods We searched PubMed with a combination of terms related to PM and economic evaluations and included studies published between 2014 and 2017.
Results A total of 83 articles were included, of which two-thirds were published in Europe and the USA. The majority of studies concluded that the PM intervention was at least cost-effective compared to usual care. However, the willingness-to-pay thresholds varied widely. Key factors influencing cost-effectiveness included the prevalence of the genetic condition in the target population, costs of genetic testing and companion treatment and the probability of complications or mortality. Conclusions This review may help inform decisions about reimbursement, research and development of PM interventions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00038-019-01298-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kasztura
- Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Aude Richard
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nefti-Eboni Bempong
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dejan Loncar
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Flahault
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Chen Q, Chen DY, Xu XZ, Liu YY, Yin TT, Li D. Platelet/Lymphocyte, Lymphocyte/Monocyte, and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratios as Biomarkers in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:6474-6481. [PMID: 31462627 PMCID: PMC6733153 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as biomarkers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). MATERIAL AND METHODS Demographic and laboratory data were acquired for 198 RA and 103 RA-ILD patients and 290 healthy controls. The subjects were categorized into female and male groups and further subcategorized based on age into <60 years and ≥60 years subgroups. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), receiver operating characteristics (ROC), Pearson analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the association of PLR, NLR, and LMR with RA and RA-ILD. RESULTS Mean PLR and NLR were lowest in the control group, followed by the RA and RA-ILD groups (p<0.05). Mean LMR was lowest in the RA-ILD group, followed by the RA and control groups (p<0.05). The area under the ROC (AUROC) values of the PLR to distinguish between RA and controls, RA-ILD and controls, and RA-ILD and RA were 0.676, 0.776, and 0.650, respectively (p<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis suggested a significantly positive association between the level of PLR and the level of DAS28 (p<0.001). The odds ratio of PLR was 1.101 for RA (p=0.023) and 1.217 for RA-ILD (p<0.001) when compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS PLR may be applied as a new biomarker for predicting and diagnosing RA and RA-ILD and for distinguishing RA-ILD patients from RA patients and healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Dong-Yu Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xi-Zhu Xu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Ting-Ting Yin
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Dong Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Wurcel V, Cicchetti A, Garrison L, Kip M, Koffijberg H, Kolbe A, Leeflang M, Merlin T, Mestre-Ferrandiz J, Oortwijn W, Oosterwijk C, Tunis S, Zamora B. The Value of Diagnostic Information in Personalised Healthcare: A Comprehensive Concept to Facilitate Bringing This Technology into Healthcare Systems. Public Health Genomics 2019; 22:8-15. [DOI: 10.1159/000501832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Kip MMA, Hummel JM, Eppink EB, Koffijberg H, Hopstaken RM, IJzerman MJ, Kusters R. Understanding the adoption and use of point-of-care tests in Dutch general practices using multi-criteria decision analysis. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2019; 20:8. [PMID: 30630430 PMCID: PMC6327588 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-018-0893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing number of available point-of-care (POC) tests challenges clinicians regarding decisions on which tests to use, how to efficiently use them, and how to interpret the results. Although POC tests may offer benefits in terms of low turn-around-time, improved patient's satisfaction, and health outcomes, only few are actually used in clinical practice. Therefore, this study aims to identify which criteria are, in general, important in the decision to implement a POC test, and to determine their weight. Two POC tests available for use in Dutch general practices (i.e. the C-reactive protein (CRP) test and the glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) test) serve as case studies. The information obtained from this study can be used to guide POC test development and their introduction in clinical practice. METHODS Relevant criteria were identified based on a literature review and semi-structured interviews with twelve experts in the field. Subsequently, the criteria were clustered in four groups (i.e. user, organization, clinical value, and socio-political context) and the relative importance of each criterion was determined by calculating geometric means as implemented in the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Of these twelve experts, ten participated in a facilitated group session, in which their priorities regarding both POC tests (compared to central laboratory testing) were elicited. RESULTS Of 20 criteria in four clusters, the test's clinical utility, its technical performance, and risks (associated with the treatment decision based on the test result) were considered most important for using a POC test, with relative weights of 22.2, 12.6 and 8.5%, respectively. Overall, the experts preferred the POC CRP test over its laboratory equivalent, whereas they did not prefer the POC HbA1c test. This difference was mainly explained by their strong preference for the POC CRP test with regard to the subcriterion 'clinical utility'. CONCLUSIONS The list of identified criteria, and the insights in their relative impact on successful implementation of POC tests, may facilitate implementation and use of existing POC tests in clinical practice. In addition, having experts score new POC tests on these criteria, provides developers with specific recommendations on how to increase the probability of successful implementation and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M A Kip
- Department of Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - J Marjan Hummel
- Department of Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Elra B Eppink
- Department of Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Koffijberg
- Department of Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maarten J IJzerman
- Department of Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Kusters
- Department of Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, Den Bosch, The Netherlands
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Madhavan S, Subramaniam S, Brown TD, Chen JL. Art and Challenges of Precision Medicine: Interpreting and Integrating Genomic Data Into Clinical Practice. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2018; 38:546-553. [PMID: 30231369 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_200759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Precision medicine is at the forefront of innovation in cancer care. With the development of technologies to rapidly sequence DNA from tumors, cell-free DNA, proteins, and even metabolites coupled with the rapid decline in the cost of genomic sequencing, there has been an exponential increase in the amount of data generated for each patient diagnosed with cancer. The ability to harness this explosion of data will be critical to improving treatments for patients. Precision medicine lends itself to big data or "informatics" approaches and is focused on storing, accessing, sharing, and studying these data while taking necessary precautions to protect patients' privacy. Major cancer care stakeholders have developed a variety of systems to incorporate precision medicine technologies into patient care as soon as possible and also to provide the ability to store and analyze the omics and clinical data aggregately in the future. Scaling these precision medicine programs within the confines of health care system silos is challenging, and research consortiums are being formed to overcome these limitations. Incorporating and interpreting the results of precision medicine sequencing is complex and rapidly changing, necessitating reliance on a group of experts. This is often performed at molecular tumor boards at large academic and research institutions with available in-house expertise, but alternative models clinical decision support software or of virtual tumor boards potentially expand these advances to almost any patient, regardless of site of care. The promises of precision medicine will be more quickly realized by expanding collaborations to rapidly process and interpret the growing volumes of omics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Madhavan
- From the Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Somasundaram Subramaniam
- From the Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Thomas D Brown
- From the Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - James L Chen
- From the Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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EVIDENCE REQUIRED BY HEALTH TECHNOLGY ASSESSMENT AND REIMBURSEMENT BODIES EVALUATING DIAGNOSTIC OR PROGNOSTIC ALGORITHMS THAT INCLUDE OMICS DATA. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2018; 34:368-377. [PMID: 30136642 DOI: 10.1017/s026646231800048x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multi-analyte assays with algorithmic analyses (MAAAs) use combinations of circulating and clinical markers including omics-based sources for diagnostic and/or prognostic purposes. Assessing MAAAs is challenging under existing health technology assessment (HTA) methods or practices. We undertook a scoping review to explore the HTA methods used for MAAAs to identify the criteria used for clinical research and reimbursement purposes. METHODS This review included only non-companion (stand-alone) tests that are actionable and that have been evaluated by leading HTA or insurer/reimbursement bodies up to September 2017. RESULTS Twenty-five reports and articles evaluating seventeen MAAAs were examined, most of which have been developed in oncology. The two main models used were the EUnetHTA Core model and the Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention ACCE framework. Clinical validity and utility criteria were used, as were economic, ethical, legal, and social aspects. Economic evidence on MAAAs was scarce, and there is no consensus on whether the perspectives used are sufficiently broad to include all relevant stakeholders. CONCLUSIONS Clinical utility and efficiency were the most used criteria, with stronger evidence needed linking the use of the algorithm with the clinical outcomes in real-life practice. HTA bodies must as well consider questions related to the analytical validity of MAAAs or with organizational aspects. The two main models, the EUnetHTA Core model and the ACCE framework, could be adapted to the assessment of MAAAs.
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Mathé E, Hays JL, Stover DG, Chen JL. The Omics Revolution Continues: The Maturation of High-Throughput Biological Data Sources. Yearb Med Inform 2018; 27:211-222. [PMID: 30157526 PMCID: PMC6115204 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1667085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim is to provide a comprehensive review of state-of-the art omics approaches, including proteomics, metabolomics, cell-free DNA, and patient cohort matching algorithms in precision oncology. METHODS In the past several years, the cancer informatics revolution has been the beneficiary of a data explosion. Different complementary omics technologies have begun coming into their own to provide a more nuanced view of the patient-tumor interaction beyond that of DNA alterations. A combined approach is beneficial to the patient as nearly all new cancer therapeutics are designed with an omics biomarker in mind. Proteomics and metabolomics provide us with a means of assaying in real-time the response of the tumor to treatment. Circulating cell-free DNA may allow us to better understand tumor heterogeneity and interactions with the host genome. RESULTS Integration of increasingly available omics data increases our ability to segment patients into smaller and smaller cohorts, thereby prompting a shift in our thinking about how to use these omics data. With large repositories of patient omics-outcomes data being generated, patient cohort matching algorithms have become a dominant player. CONCLUSIONS The continued promise of precision oncology is to select patients who are most likely to benefit from treatment and to avoid toxicity for those who will not. The increased public availability of omics and outcomes data in patients, along with improved computational methods and resources, are making precision oncology a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewy Mathé
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John L. Hays
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel G. Stover
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James L. Chen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Chawla A, Peeples M, Li N, Anhorn R, Ryan J, Signorovitch J. Real-world utilization of molecular diagnostic testing and matched drug therapies in the treatment of metastatic cancers. J Med Econ 2018; 21:543-552. [PMID: 29295635 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2017.1423488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the frequency of biopsies and molecular diagnostic testing (human DNA/RNA analysis), anti-cancer drug use (genomically-matched targeted therapy [GMTT], unmatched targeted therapy [UTT], endocrine therapy [ET], and chemotherapy [CT]), and medical service costs among adults with metastatic cancer. METHODS Adults diagnosed with metastatic breast, non-small cell lung (NSCLC), colorectal, head and neck, ovarian, and uterine cancer (2010Q1-2015Q1) were identified in the OptumHealth Care Solutions claims database and followed from first metastatic diagnosis for ≥1 month and until the end of data availability. Utilization was assessed for each cancer cohort (all and patients aged ≥65 years); per-patient-per-month (PPPM) medical service costs were assessed for all patients. Testing frequency estimates were applied to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program data to estimate the number of untested patients (2010-2014). RESULTS Patients with metastatic cancer (n = 8,193; breast [n = 3,414], NSCLC [n = 2,231], colorectal [n = 1,611], head and neck [n = 511], ovarian [n = 275], and uterine [n = 151]) were 63 years old (mean), with 11.1-22.2 months of observation. Biopsy and molecular diagnostic testing frequencies ranged from 7% (uterine) to 73% (ovarian), and from 34% (head and neck) to 52% (breast), respectively. Few were treated with GMTT (breast, 11%; NSCLC, 9%; colorectal, 6%). Treatment with UTT ranged from 0.7% (uterine) to 21% (colorectal). Biopsy, diagnostic testing, and anti-cancer drug therapy were less frequent for those ≥65 years. Medical service costs (PPPM, mean) ranged from $6,618 (head and neck) to $9,940 (ovarian). The estimated number of untested new patients with metastatic cancer was 636,369 (all) and 341,397 (≥65). LIMITATIONS In addition to the limitations of claims analyses, diagnostic testing frequency may be under-estimated if patients underwent testing prior to study inclusion. CONCLUSIONS The low frequency of molecular diagnostic testing suggests there are opportunities to better inform management of patients with advanced cancer, particularly decisions to treat with GMTT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nanxin Li
- b Analysis Group, Inc. , Boston , MA , USA
| | | | - Jason Ryan
- c Foundation Medicine, Inc. , Cambridge , MA , USA
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Bubnov RV, Drahulian MV, Buchek PV, Gulko TP. High regenerative capacity of the liver and irreversible injury of male reproductive system in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis rat model. EPMA J 2018; 9:59-75. [PMID: 29515688 PMCID: PMC5833895 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-017-0115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis (LF) is a chronic disease, associated with many collateral diseases including reproductive dysfunction. Although the normal liver has a large regenerative capacity the complications of LF could be severe and irreversible. Hormone and sex-related issues of LF development and interactions with male reproductive have not been finally studied. The aim was to study the reproductive function of male rats in experimental CCl4-induced liver fibrosis rat model, and the capability for restoration of both the liver and male reproduction system. MATERIALS Studies were conducted on 20 3-month old Wistar male rats. The experimental animals were injected with freshly prepared 50% olive oil solution of carbohydrate tetrachloride (CCl4). On the 8th week after injection we noted the manifestations of liver fibrosis. The rats were left to self-healing of the liver for 8 weeks. All male rats underwent ultrasound and biopsy of the liver and testes on the 8th and 16th weeks. The male rats were mated with healthy females before CCl4 injection, after modeling LF on the 8th week, and after self-healing of the liver. Pregnancy was monitored on ultrasound. RESULTS On the 8th week of experiment we observed ultrasound manifestation of advanced liver fibrosis, including hepatosplenomegaly, portal hypertension. Ultrasound exam of the rat testes showed testicular degeneration, hydrocele, fibrosis, scarring, petrifications, size reduction, and restriction of testicular descent; testes size decreased from 1.24 ± 0.62 ml to 0.61 ± 0.13, p < 0.01. Liver histology showed granular dystrophy of hepatocytes, necrotic areas, lipid inclusions in parenchyma. Rats with liver fibrosis demonstrated severe injury of the reproductive system and altering of fertility: the offspring of male rats with advanced LF was 4.71 ± 0.53 born alive vs 9.55 ± 0.47 born from mating with healthy males, p < 0.001. Eight weeks after last CCl4 injection, we revealed signs of liver regeneration, significant recovery of its structure. The ALT and AST levels significantly decreased and reached background measurements. As a result of the second interbreeding after liver self-healing no significant difference was found vs previous mating. CONCLUSION Carbohydrate tetrachloride induces injury of liver parenchyma evoking fast and severe liver fibrosis, and is associated with irreversible structural and functional changes in testes, reducing fertility, decreasing potential pregnancy rate, and affecting its development. Liver showed high potential to regenerate, however the self-restoring after liver fibrosis was not accompanied with recovery of the reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostyslav V. Bubnov
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
- Clinical Hospital ‘Pheophania’ of State Affairs Department, Zabolotny str., 21, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Maria V. Drahulian
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny str., 150, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Polina V. Buchek
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny str., 150, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Tamara P. Gulko
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny str., 150, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
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Barwell J, Shaw J, Lim M, Shukla RY, Lowry J. A response to the Chief Medical Officer's report on Genomic Medicine: a catalyst for transformation. Per Med 2018; 15:5-8. [PMID: 29714111 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2017-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Barwell
- University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
- University of Leicester, Department of Cancer Studies & Molecular Medicine, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Jacqui Shaw
- University of Leicester, Department of Cancer Studies & Molecular Medicine, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Ming Lim
- University of Liverpool, Management School, Foundation Building, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Riddhi Y Shukla
- University of Leicester, Department of Cancer Studies & Molecular Medicine, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Joanna Lowry
- University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
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Terkola R, Antoñanzas F, Postma M. Economic evaluation of personalized medicine: a call for real-world data. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2017; 18:1065-1067. [PMID: 28382502 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-017-0890-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Terkola
- University of Florida-College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, USA
- Unit of PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology and -Economics (PTEE), Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maarten Postma
- Unit of PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology and -Economics (PTEE), Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Science in Healthy Aging and Healthcare (SHARE), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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The bare necessities? A realist review of necessity argumentations used in health care coverage decisions. Health Policy 2017; 121:731-744. [PMID: 28550936 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Policy makers and insurance companies decide on coverage of care by both calculating (cost-) effectiveness and assessing the necessity of coverage. AIM To investigate argumentations pertaining to necessity used in coverage decisions made by policy makers and insurance companies, as well as those argumentations used by patients, authors, the public and the media. METHODS This study is designed as a realist review, adhering to the RAMESES quality standards. Embase, Medline and Web of Science were searched and 98 articles were included that detailed necessity-based argumentations. RESULTS We identified twenty necessity-based argumentation types. Seven are only used to argue in favour of coverage, five solely for arguing against coverage, and eight are used to argue both ways. A positive decision appears to be facilitated when patients or the public set the decision on the agenda. Moreover, half the argumentation types are only used by patients, authors, the public and the media, whereas the other half is also used by policy makers and insurance companies. The latter group is more accepted and used in more different countries. CONCLUSION The majority of necessity-based argumentation types is used for either favouring or opposing coverage, and not for both. Patients, authors, the public and the media use a broader repertoire of argumentation types than policy makers and insurance companies.
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Akhmetov I, Bubnov RV. Innovative payer engagement strategies: will the convergence lead to better value creation in personalized medicine? EPMA J 2017; 8:5-15. [PMID: 28228864 PMCID: PMC5306421 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-017-0078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background As reimbursement authorities are gaining greater power to influence the prescription behavior of physicians, it remains critical for life science companies focusing on personalized medicine to develop “tailor-made” payer engagement strategies to secure reimbursement and assure timely patient access to their innovative products. Depending on the types of such engagement, pharmaceutical and diagnostic companies may benefit by obtaining access to medical and pharmacy claims data, getting invaluable upfront inputs on evidence requirements and clinical trial design, and strengthening trust by payers, therefore avoiding uncertainties with regards to pricing, reimbursement, and research and development reinvestment. This article aims to study the evolving trend of partnering among two interdependent, yet confronting, stakeholder groups—payers and producers—as well as to identify the most promising payer engagement strategies based on cocreation of value introduced by life science companies in the past few years. We analyzed the recent case studies from both therapeutic and diagnostic realms considered as the “best practices” in payer engagement. The last 5 years were a breakout period for deals between life science companies and reimbursement authorities in the area of personalized medicine with a number of felicitous collaborative practices established already, and many more yet to emerge. We suggest that there are many ways for producers and payers to collaborate throughout the product life cycle—from data exchange and scientific counseling to research collaboration aimed at reducing healthcare costs, addressing adherence issues, and diminishing risks associated with future launches. Conclusions The presented case studies provide clear insights on how successful personalized medicine companies customize their state-of-the-art payer engagement strategies to ensure closer proximity with payers and establish longer-term trust-based relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildar Akhmetov
- Strategic Market Intelligence Department, Unicorn, P.O. Box 91, Zhytomyr, 10020 Ukraine
| | - Rostyslav V Bubnov
- Clinical Hospital "Pheophania" of State Affairs Department, Zabolotny Str., 21, Kyiv, 03680 Ukraine ; 0000 0004 0385 8977grid.418751.eZabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03680 Ukraine
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Golubnitschaja O, Baban B, Boniolo G, Wang W, Bubnov R, Kapalla M, Krapfenbauer K, Mozaffari MS, Costigliola V. Medicine in the early twenty-first century: paradigm and anticipation - EPMA position paper 2016. EPMA J 2016; 7:23. [PMID: 27800037 PMCID: PMC5078893 DOI: 10.1186/s13167-016-0072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Golubnitschaja
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
- Radiologic Department, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
- Breast Cancer Research Centre, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Babak Baban
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
- Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Giovanni Boniolo
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Chirurgico Specialistiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 64A, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Wei Wang
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- WHO Expert Panel (Member), Geneva, Switzerland
- Global Health Epidemiology Reference Group (GHERG), Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rostyslav Bubnov
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
- Clinical hospital “Pheophania” of State Affairs Department, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Marko Kapalla
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kurt Krapfenbauer
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mahmood S. Mozaffari
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
- Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Vincenzo Costigliola
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
- European Medical Association, Brussels, Belgium
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Ferreira CG, Achatz MI, Ashton-Prolla P, Begnami MD, Marchini FK, Stefani SD. Brazilian health-care policy for targeted oncology therapies and companion diagnostic testing. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17:e363-e370. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(16)30171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Anaya JM, Duarte-Rey C, Sarmiento-Monroy JC, Bardey D, Castiblanco J, Rojas-Villarraga A. Personalized medicine. Closing the gap between knowledge and clinical practice. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:833-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Moiseyenko YV, Sukhorukov VI, Pyshnov GY, Mankovska IM, Rozova KV, Miroshnychenko OA, Kovalevska OE, Madjar SAY, Bubnov RV, Gorbach AO, Danylenko KM, Moiseyenko OI. Antarctica challenges the new horizons in predictive, preventive, personalized medicine: preliminary results and attractive hypotheses for multi-disciplinary prospective studies in the Ukrainian "Akademik Vernadsky" station. EPMA J 2016; 7:11. [PMID: 27247701 PMCID: PMC4886406 DOI: 10.1186/s13167-016-0060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Antarctica is a unique place to study the health condition under the influence of environmental factors on the organism in pure form. Since the very beginning of the scientific presence of Ukraine in the Antarctic, biomedical research has been developed for the monitoring of individual biomarkers of winterers and medical accompaniment in Antarctic expeditions. The aim of the study was to analyze and discuss the retrospective data of long-term monitoring and observations in Ukrainian Antarctica station “Akademik Vernadsky,” providing multi-scale biomedical information with regard to conditions of a perfect isolation from technological and social influences and under extreme environmental factors. Methods Medical and biological studies have been performed with the participation of all 20 Ukrainian wintering expeditions. We surveyed 200 males aged 20–60 years (mean age 37 years). Extensive medical examinations were carried out before the expedition, during the selection of candidates, and after returning, and particular functions were monitored during the entire stay in Antarctica. The medical records were analyzed to study the reaction of the human organism on phenomena like “Antarctic syndrome,” dysadaptation, anxiety, desynchronosis, photoperiodism, influence of climatic and meteofactors like “Schumann resonance,” infrasound, “ozone hole,” and “sterile” environment; important aspects of its role on human health were precisely studied and discussed. Results The examinations showed the multi-level symptoms of the processes of dysregulation and dysadaptation, as functional tension in the sympathetic-adrenal system rights, especially during urgent adaptation to the Antarctic (1-month stay at the station) and, to a lesser extent, after returning from an expedition to Kyiv. At the initial, adaptation to the conditions of the Antarctic levels of urinary catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, DOPA) increased compared with the start of the expedition (23.2 ± 4.3 and 53.3 ± 5 2 mmol/l, p < 0.001; 67.1 ± 12.3 and 138.3 ± 16.9 mmol/l, p < 0.01; 1749.6 ± 476.5 vs 7094.6 ± 918.3 mmol/l, p < 0.001; 129.6 ± 12.3 and 349.9 ± 40.6 mmol/l, p < 0.001, respectively). In the blood serum of 100 % of the expedition, we found an increase of oxidative stress markers—the level of TBARS increased by 41.2 %, i.e., the activation of free radical peroxidation. Thus, in 80 % of the participants, we observed a reduction in the activity of the SOD antiradical enzyme vs 58 % in the controls. Changes in brain electrical activity after a long stay at the Antarctic stations showed increasing delta rhythms, signs of CNS protective inhibition, likely due to hypoxia. We found changes in the concentrations of microelements (iron, copper, zinc, etc.) in the blood of winterers after the expedition. The polychrome-adaptive method of correcting the changes of the psycho-emotional state in a monochrome Antarctic environment was successfully applied. Conclusions The preliminary results of the retrospective study and our own observations of the fundamental physiological mechanisms of the negative influence of extreme environmental factors on an organism in the absence of man-made origin factors allow the determination of many mechanisms of “pre-pathology” processes which promise to develop the pathogenetically based pro-active prevention methods for a number of common diseases to set prospective interdisciplinary research in predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevhen V Moiseyenko
- National Antarctic Scientific Center of Ministry of Education of Ukraine, 16, Taras Shevchenko Boulevard, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine ; Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 4, Bogomoletz str., Kyiv, 01024 Ukraine
| | - Viktor I Sukhorukov
- Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Narcology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 46, Akademika Pavlova str., Kharkiv, 61068 Ukraine
| | - Georgiy Yu Pyshnov
- Institute for Occupational Health of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Saksaganskogo str., 75, Kyiv, 01033 Ukraine
| | - Iryna M Mankovska
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 4, Bogomoletz str., Kyiv, 01024 Ukraine
| | - Kateryna V Rozova
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 4, Bogomoletz str., Kyiv, 01024 Ukraine
| | - Olena A Miroshnychenko
- Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University, 40, Velyka Berdychivska Str., Zhytomyr, 10008 Ukraine
| | - Olena E Kovalevska
- G.S. Kostyuk Institute of Psychology of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, 2, Pankivska str., Kyiv, 01033 Ukraine
| | | | - Rostyslav V Bubnov
- Clinical Hospital 'Pheophania' of State Management of Affairs Department, 21, Zabolotny str., Kyiv, 03680 Ukraine ; Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154, Zabolotny Str., Kyiv, 03680 Ukraine ; Ukrainian Academy of Informatics, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anatoliy O Gorbach
- Clinical Hospital 'Pheophania' of State Management of Affairs Department, 21, Zabolotny str., Kyiv, 03680 Ukraine ; Ukrainian Academy of Informatics, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kostiantyn M Danylenko
- National Antarctic Scientific Center of Ministry of Education of Ukraine, 16, Taras Shevchenko Boulevard, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Olga I Moiseyenko
- National Scientific Center 'Mykola Strazhesko Institute of Cardiology' of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 5, Narodnoho Opolchennya str., Kyiv, Ukraine
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