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Arnoux-Courseaux M, Coudert Y. Re-examining meristems through the lens of evo-devo. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:413-427. [PMID: 38040554 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The concept of the meristem was introduced in 1858 to characterize multicellular, formative, and proliferative tissues that give rise to the entire plant body, based on observations of vascular plants. Although its original definition did not encompass bryophytes, this concept has been used and continuously refined over the past 165 years to describe the diverse apices of all land plants. Here, we re-examine this matter in light of recent evo-devo research and show that, despite displaying high anatomical diversity, land plant meristems are unified by shared genetic control. We also propose a modular view of meristem function and highlight multiple evolutionary mechanisms that are likely to have contributed to the assembly and diversification of the varied meristems during the course of plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moïra Arnoux-Courseaux
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, INRIA, Lyon 69007, France; Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-DBSCI-LPCV, 17 avenue des Martyrs, F-38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Yoan Coudert
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, INRIA, Lyon 69007, France.
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Moriyama Y, Koga H, Tsukaya H. Decoding the leaf apical meristem of Guarea glabra Vahl (Meliaceae): insight into the evolution of indeterminate pinnate leaves. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5166. [PMID: 38431750 PMCID: PMC10908829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55882-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In seed plants, growth of shoots and roots is indeterminate, while leaves are typically determinate organs that cease to grow after a certain developmental stage. This is due to the characteristics of the leaf meristem, where cell proliferation activity is retained only for a limited period. However, several plants exhibit indeterminacy in their leaves, exemplified by the pinnate compound leaves of Guarea and Chisocheton genera in the Meliaceae family. In these plants, the leaf meristem at the tip of the leaf retains meristematic activity and produces leaflets over years, resulting in a single leaf that resembles a twig. The molecular mechanism underlying the indeterminate leaf meristem of these plants has not been examined. In this research, we used Guarea glabra as a model to investigate the development of indeterminate pinnate leaves. Transcriptome analyses revealed that the gene expression profile in leaf apex tissue differed from that in the shoot apex. However, a class 1 KNOTTED-LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOX1) gene which is lost in Brassicaceae was highly expressed in both tissues. We established an in situ hybridisation system for this species using Technovit 9100 to analyse the spatial expression patterns of genes. We revealed that the leaf meristematic region of G. glabra expresses KNOX1, LEAFY and ANGUSTIFORIA3 simultaneously, suggesting the involvement of these genes in the indeterminacy of the leaf meristem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutake Moriyama
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koga
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Petrone-Mendoza E, Vergara-Silva F, Olson ME. Plant morpho evo-devo. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:1257-1276. [PMID: 37423784 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Evo-devo is often thought of as being the study of which genes underlie which phenotypes. However, evo-devo is much more than this, especially in plant science. In leaf scars along stems, cell changes across wood growth rings, or flowers along inflorescences, plants trace a record of their own development. Plant morpho evo-devo provides data that genes could never furnish on themes such as heterochrony, the evolution of temporal phenotypes, modularity, and phenotype-first evolution. As plant science surges into increasingly -omic realms, it is essential to keep plant morpho evo-devo in full view as an honored member of the evo-devo canon, ensuring that plant scientists can, wherever they are, generate fundamental insights at the appropriate level of biological organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Petrone-Mendoza
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, CDMX, México
| | - Francisco Vergara-Silva
- Laboratorio de Teoría Evolutiva e Historia de la Ciencia, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mark E Olson
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México.
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Pabón-Mora N, Suárez-Baron H, Madrigal Y, Alzate JF, González F. Expression and Functional Studies of Leaf, Floral, and Fruit Developmental Genes in Non-model Species. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2686:365-401. [PMID: 37540370 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3299-4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Researchers working on evolutionary developmental plant biology are inclined to choose non-model taxa to address how specific features have been acquired during ontogeny and fixed during phylogeny. In this chapter we describe methods to extract RNA, to assemble de-novo transcriptomes, to isolate orthologous genes within gene families, and to evaluate expression and function of target genes. We have successfully optimized these protocols for non-model plant species including ferns, gymnosperms, and a large assortment of angiosperms. In the latter, we have ranged a large number of families including Aristolochiaceae, Apodanthaceae, Chloranthaceae, Orchidaceae, Papaveraceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae, and Tropaeolaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harold Suárez-Baron
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali, Colombia
| | - Yesenia Madrigal
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan F Alzate
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica-CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria-SIU, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Favio González
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
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Fouracre JP, Harrison CJ. How was apical growth regulated in the ancestral land plant? Insights from the development of non-seed plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:100-112. [PMID: 35771646 PMCID: PMC9434304 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Land plant life cycles are separated into distinct haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte stages. Indeterminate apical growth evolved independently in bryophyte (moss, liverwort, and hornwort) and fern gametophytes, and tracheophyte (vascular plant) sporophytes. The extent to which apical growth in tracheophytes co-opted conserved gametophytic gene networks, or exploited ancestral sporophytic networks, is a long-standing question in plant evolution. The recent phylogenetic confirmation of bryophytes and tracheophytes as sister groups has led to a reassessment of the nature of the ancestral land plant. Here, we review developmental genetic studies of apical regulators and speculate on their likely evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim P Fouracre
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - C Jill Harrison
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
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