Septic shock complicated by disseminated herpes simplex virus-1 infection: a case report

Exploring the Pathophysiology of Long COVID: The Central Role of Low-Grade Inflammation and Multisystem Involvement

Long COVID (LC), also referred to as Post COVID-19 Condition, Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC), and other terms, represents a complex multisystem disease persisting after the acute phase of COVID-19. Characterized by a myriad of symptoms across different organ systems, LC presents significant diagnostic and management challenges. Central to the disorder is the role of low-grade inflammation, a non-classical inflammatory response that contributes to the chronicity and diversity of symptoms observed. This review explores the pathophysiological underpinnings of LC, emphasizing the importance of low-grade inflammation as a core component. By delineating the pathogenetic relationships and clinical manifestations of LC, this article highlights the necessity for an integrated approach that employs both personalized medicine and standardized protocols aimed at mitigating long-term consequences. The insights gained not only enhance our understanding of LC but also inform the development of therapeutic strategies that could be applicable to other chronic conditions with similar pathophysiological features.

Rare Spiroplasma Bloodstream Infection in Patient after Surgery, China, 2022

We report a case of Spiroplasma bloodstream infection in a patient in China who developed pulmonary infection, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, and septic shock after emergency surgery for type A aortic dissection. One organism closely related to Spiroplasma eriocheiris was isolated from blood culture and identified by whole-genome sequencing.

Potential of Interleukin (IL)-12 Group as Antivirals: Severe Viral Disease Prevention and Management

The interleukin (IL)-12 family consists of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that are able to signal the activation of host antiviral immunity while preventing over-reactive immune reactions due to active virus replication and viral clearance. Amongst others, IL-12 and IL-23 are produced and released by innate immune cells such as monocytes and macrophages to signal the proliferation of T cells and release of effector cytokines, which subsequently activate host defence against virus infections. Interestingly, the dualities of IL-27 and -35 are evidently shown in the course of virus infections; they regulate the synthesis of cytokines and antiviral molecules, proliferation of T cells, and viral antigen presentation in order to maximize virus clearance by the host immune system. In terms of anti-inflammatory reactions, IL-27 signals the formation of regulatory T cells (Treg) which in turn secrete IL-35 to control the scale of inflammatory response that takes place during virus infections. Given the multitasking of the IL-12 family in regards to the elimination of virus infections, its potential in antiviral therapy is unequivocally important. Thus, this work aims to delve deeper into the antiviral actions of the IL-12 family and their applications in antiviral therapies.

Septic shock due to candida and disseminated herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV1) after elective spinal surgery in an immunocompromised patient with chronic HSV1 infection

Herpes simplex virus is an infection that can result in a variety of symptoms ranging from blistering or ulcers to severe, systemic manifestations. We report a case of patient who underwent elective spinal surgery and developed invasive herpes as well as candidiasis postoperatively without any direct evidence of immunosuppression.