1
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Biswas N, Bahr A, Howard J, Bonin JL, Grazda R, MacNamara KC. Survivors of polymicrobial sepsis are refractory to G-CSF-induced emergency myelopoiesis and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell mobilization. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:639-653. [PMID: 38608679 PMCID: PMC11103789 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis survivors exhibit immune dysfunction, hematological changes, and increased risk of infection. The long-term impacts of sepsis on hematopoiesis were analyzed using a surgical model of murine sepsis, resulting in 50% survival. During acute disease, phenotypic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) were reduced in the bone marrow (BM), concomitant with increased myeloid colony-forming units and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Upon recovery, BM HSPCs were increased and exhibited normal function in the context of transplantation. To evaluate hematopoietic responses in sepsis survivors, we treated recovered sham and cecal ligation and puncture mice with a mobilizing regimen of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) at day 20 post-surgery. Sepsis survivors failed to undergo emergency myelopoiesis and HSPC mobilization in response to G-CSF administration. G-CSF is produced in response to acute infection and injury to expedite the production of innate immune cells; therefore, our findings contribute to a new understanding of how sepsis predisposes to subsequent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupam Biswas
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Amber Bahr
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Jennifer Howard
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Jesse L Bonin
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Rachel Grazda
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Katherine C MacNamara
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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2
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Mierzejewski B, Różycka J, Stremińska W, Brągiel-Pieczonka A, Sidor K, Hoser G, Bartoszewicz Z, Gewartowska M, Frontczak-Baniewicz M, Ciemerych MA, Brzóska E, Skirecki T. The Role of Pericytes in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Murine Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00164-0. [PMID: 38705380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome that is most commonly triggered by infection-related inflammation. Lung pericytes can respond to infection and act as immune and proangiogenic cells; moreover, these cells can differentiate into myofibroblasts in nonresolving ARDS and contribute to the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we aimed to characterize the role of lung cells, which present characteristics of pericytes, such as peri-endothelial location and expression of a panel of specific markers. To study their role in ARDS, we used a murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced resolving ARDS. We confirmed the development of ARDS after LPS instillation, which was resolved 14 days after onset. Using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, we observed early expansion of neural-glial antigen 2+ β-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor+ pericytes in murine lungs with loss of CD31+ β-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor+ endothelial cells. These changes were accompanied by specific changes in lung structure and loss of vascular integrity. On day 14 after ARDS onset, the composition of pericytes and endothelial cells returned to baseline values. LPS-induced ARDS activated NOTCH signaling in lung pericytes, the inhibition of which during LPS stimulation reduced the expression of its downstream target genes, pericyte markers, and angiogenic factors. Together, lung pericytes in response to inflammatory injury activate NOTCH signaling that supports their maintenance and in turn can contribute to recovery of the microvascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Mierzejewski
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Różycka
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Aneta Brągiel-Pieczonka
- Department of Translational Immunology and Experimental Intensive Care, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Sidor
- Department of Translational Immunology and Experimental Intensive Care, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Hoser
- Department of Translational Immunology and Experimental Intensive Care, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Bartoszewicz
- Department of Internal Diseases and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gewartowska
- Electron Microscopy Research Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Maria Anna Ciemerych
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Brzóska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skirecki
- Department of Translational Immunology and Experimental Intensive Care, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
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3
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Cajander S, Kox M, Scicluna BP, Weigand MA, Mora RA, Flohé SB, Martin-Loeches I, Lachmann G, Girardis M, Garcia-Salido A, Brunkhorst FM, Bauer M, Torres A, Cossarizza A, Monneret G, Cavaillon JM, Shankar-Hari M, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Winkler MS, Skirecki T, Osuchowski M, Rubio I, Bermejo-Martin JF, Schefold JC, Venet F. Profiling the dysregulated immune response in sepsis: overcoming challenges to achieve the goal of precision medicine. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2024; 12:305-322. [PMID: 38142698 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(23)00330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is characterised by a dysregulated host immune response to infection. Despite recognition of its significance, immune status monitoring is not implemented in clinical practice due in part to the current absence of direct therapeutic implications. Technological advances in immunological profiling could enhance our understanding of immune dysregulation and facilitate integration into clinical practice. In this Review, we provide an overview of the current state of immune profiling in sepsis, including its use, current challenges, and opportunities for progress. We highlight the important role of immunological biomarkers in facilitating predictive enrichment in current and future treatment scenarios. We propose that multiple immune and non-immune-related parameters, including clinical and microbiological data, be integrated into diagnostic and predictive combitypes, with the aid of machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques. These combitypes could form the basis of workable algorithms to guide clinical decisions that make precision medicine in sepsis a reality and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cajander
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Brendon P Scicluna
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mater Dei hospital, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Markus A Weigand
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raquel Almansa Mora
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Stefanie B Flohé
- Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ignacio Martin-Loeches
- St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Hospital Clinic, Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gunnar Lachmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Massimo Girardis
- Department of Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Alberto Garcia-Salido
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Pediatric Critical Care Unit, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank M Brunkhorst
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Antoni Torres
- Pulmonology Department. Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Ciberes, IDIBAPS, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- Immunology Laboratory, Hôpital E Herriot - Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Hôpital E Herriot, Lyon, France
| | | | - Manu Shankar-Hari
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Martin Sebastian Winkler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tomasz Skirecki
- Department of Translational Immunology and Experimental Intensive Care, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Osuchowski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ignacio Rubio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jesus F Bermejo-Martin
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; School of Medicine, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joerg C Schefold
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Venet
- Immunology Laboratory, Hôpital E Herriot - Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supeérieure de Lyon, Universiteé Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
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4
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Bourayou E, Perchet T, Meunier S, Bouvier H, Mailhe MP, Melanitou E, Cumano A, Golub R. Bone marrow monocytes sustain NK cell-poiesis during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113676. [PMID: 38217855 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are the predominant lymphocyte population in the liver. At the onset of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an accumulation of activated NK cells is observed in the liver in parallel with inflammatory monocyte recruitment and an increased systemic inflammation. Using in vivo and in vitro experiments, we unveil a specific stimulation of NK cell-poiesis during NASH by medullary monocytes that trans-present interleukin-15 (IL-15) and secrete osteopontin, a biomarker for patients with NASH. This cellular dialogue leads to increased survival and maturation of NK precursors that are recruited to the liver, where they dampen the inflammatory monocyte infiltration. The increase in the production of both osteopontin and the IL-15/IL-15Rα complex by bone marrow monocytes is induced by endotoxemia. We propose a tripartite gut-liver-bone marrow axis regulating the immune population dynamics and effector functions during liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Bourayou
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Lymphocyte and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Perchet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Lymphocyte and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Meunier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Lymphocyte and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France; Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Hugo Bouvier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Lymphocyte and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Mailhe
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Lymphocyte and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Evie Melanitou
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ana Cumano
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Lymphocyte and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rachel Golub
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Lymphocyte and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France.
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5
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Lilly EA, Bender BE, Noverr MC, Fidel PL. Protection against lethal sepsis following immunization with Candida species varies by isolate and inversely correlates with bone marrow tissue damage. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0025223. [PMID: 37702509 PMCID: PMC10580931 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00252-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Protection against lethal Candida albicans (Ca)/Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) intra-abdominal infection (IAI)-mediated sepsis can be achieved by a novel form of trained innate immunity (TII) involving Gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that are induced by inoculation (immunization) with low virulence Candida species [i.e., Candida dubliniensis (Cd)] that infiltrate the bone marrow (BM). In contrast, more virulent Candida species (i.e., C. albicans), even at sub-lethal inocula, fail to induce similar levels of protection. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the level of TII-mediated protection induced by Ca strains inversely correlates with damage in the BM as a reflection of virulence. Mice were immunized by intraperitoneal inoculation with several parental and mutant strains of C. albicans deficient in virulence factors (hyphal formation and candidalysin production), followed by an intraperitoneal Ca/Sa challenge 14 d later and monitored for sepsis and mortality. Whole femur bones were collected 24 h and 13 d after immunization and assessed for BM tissue/cellular damage via ferroptosis and histology. While immunization with standard but not sub-lethal inocula of most wild-type C. albicans strains resulted in considerable mortality, protection against lethal Ca/Sa IAI challenge varied by strain was usually less than that for C. dubliniensis, with no differences observed between parental and corresponding mutants. Finally, levels of protection afforded by the Ca strains were inversely correlated with BM tissue damage (R 2 = -0.773). TII-mediated protection against lethal Ca/Sa sepsis induced by Candida strain immunization inversely correlates with BM tissue/cellular damage as a reflection of localized virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Lilly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Breah E. Bender
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mairi C. Noverr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Paul L. Fidel
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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6
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Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Dimopoulos G, Flohé S, Kotsaki A, van der Poll T, Skirecki T, Torres A, Netea MG. THE EUROPEAN SHOCK SOCIETY MEETS THE IMMUNOSEP CONSORTIUM FOR PERSONALIZED SEPSIS TREATMENT. Shock 2023; 59:21-25. [PMID: 36867758 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The unacceptable high mortality of severe infections and sepsis led over the years to understand the need for adjunctive immunotherapy to modulate the dysregulated host response of the host. However, not all patients should receive the same type of treatment. The immune function may largely differ from one patient to the other. The principles of precision medicine require that some biomarker is used to capture the immune function of the host and guide the best candidate therapy. This is the approach of the ImmunoSep randomized clinical trial (NCT04990232) where patients are allocated to treatment with anakinra or recombinant interferon gamma tailored to immune signs of macrophage activation-like syndrome and immunoparalysis respectively. ImmunoSep is a first-in-class paradigm of precision medicine for sepsis. Other approaches need to consider classification by sepsis endotypes, targeting T cell and application of stem cells. Basic principle for any trial to be successful is the delivery of appropriate antimicrobial therapy as standard-of-care taking into consideration not just the likelihood for resistant pathogens but also the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic mode of action of the administered antimicrobial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Dimopoulos
- 3rd Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stefanie Flohé
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Antigoni Kotsaki
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tomasz Skirecki
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antoni Torres
- Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Ciesielski TH, Zhang X, Tacconelli A, Lutsar I, de Cabre VM, Roilides E, Ciccacci C, Borgiani P, Scott WK, Williams SM, Sirugo G. Late-onset neonatal sepsis: genetic differences by sex and involvement of the NOTCH pathway. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:1085-1095. [PMID: 35835848 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-Onset Neonatal Sepsis (LOS) is a rare condition, involving widespread infection, immune disruption, organ dysfunction, and often death. Because exposure to pathogens is not completely preventable, identifying susceptibility factors is critical to characterizing the pathophysiology and developing interventions. Prior studies demonstrated both genetics and infant sex influence susceptibility. Our study was designed to identify LOS associated genetic variants. METHODS We performed an exploratory genome wide association study (GWAS) with 224 LOS cases and 273 controls from six European countries. LOS was defined as sepsis presenting from 3 to 90 days of age; diagnosis was established by clinical criteria consensus guidelines. We tested for association with both autosomal and X-chromosome variants in the total sample and in sex-stratified analyses. RESULTS In total, 71 SNPs associated with neonatal sepsis at p < 1 × 10-4 in at least one analysis. Most importantly, sex-stratified analyses revealed associations with multiple SNPs (28 in males and 16 in females), but no variants from single-sex analyses associated with sepsis in the other sex. Pathway analyses showed NOTCH signaling is over-represented among genes linked to these SNPS. CONCLUSION Our results indicate genetic susceptibility to LOS is sexually dimorphic and corroborate that NOTCH signaling plays a role in determining risk. IMPACT Genes associate with late onset neonatal sepsis. Notch pathway genes are overrepresented in associations with sepsis. Genes associating with sepsis do not overlap between males and females. Sexual dimorphism can lead to sex specific treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy H Ciesielski
- The Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Mary Ann Swetland Center for Environmental Health at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xueyi Zhang
- The Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Irja Lutsar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Emmanuel Roilides
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 3rd Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Cinzia Ciccacci
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Prevenzione, Facolta' di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universita' di Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Unicamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Borgiani
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Prevenzione, Facolta' di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universita' di Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - William K Scott
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Scott M Williams
- The Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.
- 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Cleveland, USA.
| | - Giorgio Sirugo
- Institute of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman SPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvaniachool of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
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8
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Sangwan V, Al-Marzouki L, Pal S, Stavrakos V, Alzahrani M, Antonatos D, Nevo Y, Camilleri-Broët S, Rayes R, Bourdeau F, Giannias B, Bertos N, Bailey S, Rousseau S, Cools-Lartigue J, Spicer JD, Ferri L. Inhibition of LPS-mediated TLR4 activation abrogates gastric adenocarcinoma-associated peritoneal metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2022; 39:323-333. [PMID: 34767138 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Surgical resection, the cornerstone of curative intent treatment for gastric adenocarcinoma, is associated with a high rate of infection-related post-operative complications, leading to an increased incidence of metastasis to the peritoneum. However, the mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an antigen from Gram-negative bacteria, represents a potential mechanism via induction of local and systemic inflammation through activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR). Here, we use both a novel ex vivo model of peritoneal metastasis and in vivo animal models to assess gastric cancer cell adhesion to peritoneum both before and after inhibition of the TLR4 pathway. We demonstrate that activation of TLR4 by either LPS or Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) significantly increases the adherence of gastric cancer cells to human peritoneal mesothelial cells, and that this increased adherence is abrogated by inhibition of the TLR4 signal cascade and downstream TAK1 and MEK1/2 pathways. We also demonstrate that the influence of LPS on adherence extends to peritoneal tissue and metastatic spread. Furthermore, we show that loss of TLR4 at the site of metastasis reduces tumor cell adhesion, implicating the TLR4 signaling cascade in potentiating metastatic adhesion and peritoneal spread. These results identify potential therapeutic targets for the clinical management of patients undergoing resection for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Sangwan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Luai Al-Marzouki
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sanjima Pal
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vivian Stavrakos
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Malak Alzahrani
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pathology, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dorothy Antonatos
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yehonatan Nevo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sophie Camilleri-Broët
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Roni Rayes
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - France Bourdeau
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Betty Giannias
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicholas Bertos
- Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Swneke Bailey
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Simon Rousseau
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jonathan Cools-Lartigue
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Spicer
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Ferri
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada. .,Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room L8-505, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1A4, Canada.
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9
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Rahn S, Becker-Pauly C. Meprin and ADAM proteases as triggers of systemic inflammation in sepsis. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:534-556. [PMID: 34762736 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory disorders (SIDs) comprise a broad range of diseases characterized by dysregulated excessive innate immune responses. Severe forms of SIDs can lead to organ failure and death, and their increasing incidence represents a major issue for the healthcare system. Protease-mediated ectodomain shedding of cytokines and their receptors represents a central mechanism in the regulation of inflammatory responses. The metalloprotease A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) 17 is the best-characterized ectodomain sheddase capable of releasing TNF-α and soluble IL-6 receptor, which are decisive factors of systemic inflammation. Recently, meprin metalloproteases were also identified as IL-6 receptor sheddases and activators of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. In different mouse models of SID, particularly those mimicking a sepsis-like phenotype, ADAM17 and meprins have been found to promote disease progression. In this review, we summarize the role of ADAM10, ADAM17, and meprins in the onset and progression of sepsis and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Rahn
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
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10
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Gargani S, Lourou N, Arapatzi C, Tzanos D, Saridaki M, Dushku E, Chatzimike M, Sidiropoulos ND, Andreadou M, Ntafis V, Hatzis P, Kostourou V, Kontoyiannis DL. Inactivation of AUF1 in Myeloid Cells Protects From Allergic Airway and Tumor Infiltration and Impairs the Adenosine-Induced Polarization of Pro-Angiogenic Macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:752215. [PMID: 35222366 PMCID: PMC8873154 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.752215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The four isoforms of the RNA-binding protein hnRNPD/AUF1 have been proposed to limit the use of inflammatory mRNAs in innate immune cells. Mice engineered to lack AUF1s in all tissues are sensitive to acute inflammatory assaults; however, they also manifest complex degenerations obscuring assessment of AUF1s’ roles in innate immune cells. Here, we restricted a debilitating AUF1 mutation to the mouse myeloid lineage and performed disease-oriented phenotypic analyses to assess the requirement of AUF1s in variable contexts of innate immune reactivity. Contrary to the whole-body mutants, the myeloid mutants of AUF1s did not show differences in their susceptibility to cytokine storms occurring during endotoxemia; neither in type-I cell-mediated reactions driving intestinal inflammation by chemical irritants. Instead, they were resistant to allergic airway inflammation and displayed reductions in inflammatory infiltrates and an altered T-helper balance. The ex-vivo analysis of macrophages revealed that the loss of AUF1s had a minimal effect on their proinflammatory gene expression. Moreover, AUF1s were dispensable for the classical polarization of cultured macrophages by LPS & IFNγ correlating with the unchanged response of mutant mice to systemic and intestinal inflammation. Notably, AUF1s were also dispensable for the alternative polarization of macrophages by IL4, TGFβ and IL10, known to be engaged in allergic reactions. In contrast, they were required to switch proinflammatory macrophages towards a pro-angiogenic phenotype induced by adenosine receptor signals. Congruent to this, the myeloid mutants of AUF1 displayed lower levels of vascular remodeling factors in exudates from allergen exposed lungs; were unable to support the growth and inflammatory infiltration of transplanted melanoma tumors; and failed to vascularize inert grafts unless supplemented with angiogenic factors. Mechanistically, adenosine receptor signals enhanced the association of AUF1s with the Vegfa, Il12b, and Tnf mRNAs to differentially regulate and facilitate the pro-angiogenic switch. Our data collectively demonstrates that AUF1s do not act as general anti-inflammatory factors in innate immune cells but have more specialized roles in regulons allowing specific innate immune cell transitions to support tissue infiltration and remodeling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Gargani
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Fundamental Biomedical Research, Vari, Greece
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Niki Lourou
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Fundamental Biomedical Research, Vari, Greece
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Arapatzi
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Fundamental Biomedical Research, Vari, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tzanos
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Fundamental Biomedical Research, Vari, Greece
| | - Marania Saridaki
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Fundamental Biomedical Research, Vari, Greece
| | - Esmeralda Dushku
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Margarita Chatzimike
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Fundamental Biomedical Research, Vari, Greece
| | - Nikolaos D. Sidiropoulos
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Margarita Andreadou
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Fundamental Biomedical Research, Vari, Greece
| | - Vasileios Ntafis
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Fundamental Biomedical Research, Vari, Greece
| | - Pantelis Hatzis
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Fundamental Biomedical Research, Vari, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Kostourou
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Fundamental Biomedical Research, Vari, Greece
| | - Dimitris L. Kontoyiannis
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Fundamental Biomedical Research, Vari, Greece
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- *Correspondence: Dimitris L. Kontoyiannis, ;
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11
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Barman PK, Goodridge HS. Microbial Sensing by Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells 2022; 40:14-21. [PMID: 35511863 PMCID: PMC9072977 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Balanced production of immune cells is critical for the maintenance of steady-state immune surveillance, and increased production of myeloid cells is sometimes necessary to eliminate pathogens. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) sensing of commensal microbes and invading pathogens has a notable impact on hematopoiesis. In this review, we examine how commensal microbes regulate bone marrow HSPC activity to maintain balanced hematopoiesis in the steady state, and how HSPCs proliferate and differentiate during emergency myelopoiesis in response to infection. HSPCs express a variety of pattern recognition receptors and cytokine receptors that they use to sense the presence of microbes, either directly via detection of microbial components and metabolites, or indirectly by responding to cytokines produced by other host cells. We describe direct and indirect mechanisms of microbial sensing by HSPCs and highlight evidence demonstrating long-term effects of acute and chronic microbial stimuli on HSPCs. We also discuss a possible connection between myeloid-biased hematopoiesis and elevated levels of circulating microbiome-derived components in the context of aging and metabolic stress. Finally, we highlight the prospect of trained immunity-based vaccines that could exploit microbial stimulation of HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijus K Barman
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Helen S Goodridge
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Corresponding author: Helen S. Goodridge, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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12
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Sasaki Y, Guo YM, Goto T, Ubukawa K, Asanuma K, Kobayashi I, Sawada K, Wakui H, Takahashi N. IL-6 Generated from Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells through TLR4 Signaling Promotes Emergency Granulopoiesis by Regulating Transcription Factor Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1078-1086. [PMID: 34341172 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Emergency granulopoiesis, also known as demand-adapted granulopoiesis, is defined as the response of an organism to systemic bacterial infections, and it results in neutrophil mobilization from reservoir pools and increased myelopoiesis in the bone marrow. Indirect and direct initiating mechanisms of emergency granulopoiesis have been hypothesized. However, the detailed mechanism of hyperactive myelopoiesis in the bone marrow, which leads to granulocyte left shift, remains unknown. In this study, we report that TLR4 is expressed on granulo-monocytic progenitors, as well as mobilized human peripheral blood CD34+ cells, which account for 0.2% of monocytes in peripheral blood, and ∼ 10% in bone marrow. LPS, a component of Gram-negative bacteria that results in a systemic bacterial infection, induces the differentiation of peripheral blood CD34+ cells into myelocytes and monocytes in vitro via the TLR4 signaling pathway. Moreover, CD34+ cells directly responded to LPS stimulation by activating the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, and they produced IL-6 that promotes emergency granulopoiesis by phosphorylating C/EBPα and C/EBPβ, and this effect was suppressed by the action of an IL-6 receptor inhibitor. This work supports the finding that TLR is expressed on human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and it provides evidence that human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells can directly sense pathogens and produce cytokines exerting autocrine and/or paracrine effects, thereby promoting differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Sasaki
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Yong-Mei Guo
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan;
| | - Tatsufumi Goto
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Kumi Ubukawa
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Ken Asanuma
- Division of Radio Isotope, Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan; and
| | - Isuzu Kobayashi
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sawada
- Medical Corporation Hokubukai Utsukushigaoka Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hideki Wakui
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Naoto Takahashi
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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13
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Skirecki T, Drechsler S, Jeznach A, Hoser G, Jafarmadar M, Kawiak J, Osuchowski MF. An Early Myelosuppression in the Acute Mouse Sepsis Is Partly Outcome-Dependent. Front Immunol 2021; 12:708670. [PMID: 34367170 PMCID: PMC8339578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.708670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) respond to bacterial infections by expansion to myeloid cells. Sepsis impairs this process by suppressing differentiation of stem cells subsequently contributing to an ineffective immune response. Whether the magnitude of HSPCs impairment in sepsis is severity-dependent remains unknown. This study investigated dynamics of the HSPC immune-inflammatory response in the bone marrow, splenic, and blood compartments in moribund and surviving septic mice. The 12-week-old outbred CD-1 female mice (n=65) were subjected to a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis, treated with antibiotics and fluid resuscitation, and stratified into predicted-to-die (P-DIE) and predicted-to-survive (P-SUR) cohorts for analysis. CLP strongly reduced the common myeloid and multipotent progenitors, short- and long-term hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) counts in the bone marrow; lineage−ckit+Sca-1+ and short-term HSC suppression was greater in P-DIE versus P-SUR mice. A profound depletion of the common myeloid progenitors occurred in the blood (by 75%) and spleen (by 77%) of P-DIE. In P-SUR, most common circulating HSPCs subpopulations recovered to baseline by 72 h post-CLP. Analysis of activated caspase-1/-3/-7 revealed an increased apoptotic (by 30%) but not pyroptotic signaling in the bone marrow HSCs of P-DIE mice. The bone marrow from P-DIE mice revealed spikes of IL-6 (by 5-fold), CXCL1/KC (15-fold), CCL3/MIP-1α (1.7-fold), and CCL2/MCP-1 (2.8-fold) versus P-SUR and control (TNF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, -5, -10 remained unaltered). Summarizing, our findings demonstrate that an early sepsis-induced impairment of myelopoiesis is strongly outcome-dependent but varies among compartments. It is suggestive that the HSCPC loss is at least partly due to an increased apoptosis but not pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Skirecki
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Susanne Drechsler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aldona Jeznach
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Hoser
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mohammad Jafarmadar
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jerzy Kawiak
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin F Osuchowski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Center, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Kelly LS, Darden DB, Fenner BP, Efron PA, Mohr AM. The Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Response to Hemorrhage, Injury, and Sepsis: A Review of Pathophysiology. Shock 2021; 56:30-41. [PMID: 33234838 PMCID: PMC8141062 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) have both unique and common responses following hemorrhage, injury, and sepsis. HSPCs from different lineages have a distinctive response to these "stress" signals. Inflammation, via the production of inflammatory factors, including cytokines, hormones, and interferons, has been demonstrated to impact the differentiation and function of HSPCs. In response to injury, hemorrhagic shock, and sepsis, cellular phenotypic changes and altered function occur, demonstrating the rapid response and potential adaptability of bone marrow hematopoietic cells. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiology of emergency myelopoiesis and the role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, impaired erythropoiesis, as well as the mobilization of HSPCs from the bone marrow. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic options to optimize HSPC function after severe trauma or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Kelly
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
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15
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Caiado F, Pietras EM, Manz MG. Inflammation as a regulator of hematopoietic stem cell function in disease, aging, and clonal selection. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212381. [PMID: 34129016 PMCID: PMC8210622 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an evolutionarily selected defense response to infection or tissue damage that involves activation and consumption of immune cells in order to reestablish and maintain organismal integrity. In this process, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are themselves exposed to inflammatory cues and via proliferation and differentiation, replace mature immune cells in a demand-adapted fashion. Here, we review how major sources of systemic inflammation act on and subsequently shape HSC fate and function. We highlight how lifelong inflammatory exposure contributes to HSC inflamm-aging and selection of premalignant HSC clones. Finally, we explore emerging areas of interest and open questions remaining in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Caiado
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,University of Zürich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric M Pietras
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Markus G Manz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,University of Zürich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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16
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Hamilton SE, Badovinac VP, Beura LK, Pierson M, Jameson SC, Masopust D, Griffith TS. New Insights into the Immune System Using Dirty Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 205:3-11. [PMID: 32571979 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mouse (Mus musculus) is the dominant organism used to investigate the mechanisms behind complex immunological responses because of their genetic similarity to humans and our ability to manipulate those genetics to understand downstream function. Indeed, our knowledge of immune system development, response to infection, and ways to therapeutically manipulate the immune response to combat disease were, in large part, delineated in the mouse. Despite the power of mouse-based immunology research, the translational efficacy of many new therapies from mouse to human is far from ideal. Recent data have highlighted how the naive, neonate-like immune system of specific pathogen-free mice differs dramatically in composition and function to mice living under barrier-free conditions (i.e., "dirty" mice). In this review, we discuss major findings to date and challenges faced when using dirty mice and specific areas of immunology research that may benefit from using animals with robust and varied microbial exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Hamilton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Vladimir P Badovinac
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Lalit K Beura
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Mark Pierson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Stephen C Jameson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - David Masopust
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Thomas S Griffith
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455; .,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and.,Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417
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17
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Laudanski K. Humanized Mice as a Tool to Study Sepsis-More Than Meets the Eye. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2403. [PMID: 33673691 PMCID: PMC7957591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background. Repetitive animal studies that have disappointed upon translation into clinical therapies have led to an increased appreciation of humanized mice as a remedy to the shortcomings of rodent-based models. However, their limitations have to be understood in depth. (2) Methods. This is a narrative, comprehensive review of humanized mice and sepsis literature to understand the model's benefits and shortcomings. (3) Results: Studies involving humanized models of sepsis include bacterial, viral, and protozoan etiology. Humanized mice provided several unique insights into the etiology and natural history of sepsis and are particularly useful in studying Ebola, and certain viral and protozoan infections. However, studies are relatively sparse and based on several different models of sepsis and humanized animals. (4) Conclusions. The utilization of humanized mice as a model for sepsis presents complex limitations that, once surpassed, hold some potential for the advancement of sepsis etiology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Department of Neurology, Leonard Davis Institute of Healthcare Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19194, USA
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18
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Wang P, Wang J, Li YH, Wang L, Shang HC, Wang JX. Phenotypical Changes of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Sepsis Patients: Correlation With Immune Status? Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:640203. [PMID: 33542693 PMCID: PMC7850983 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.640203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction associated with high risk of death. The immune response of sepsis is complex and varies over time. The immune cells are derived from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) which can respond to many infections. Our previous study found that sepsis causes HSPC dysregulation in mouse. But few studies have previously investigated the kinetics of HSPC and its contribution to immune system in sepsis patients. Purpose: We aimed to identify the kinetics of HSPCs and their contribution to immune system in sepsis patients. Methods: We enrolled eight sepsis patients and five healthy control subjects. Peripheral blood (PB) samples from each patient were collected three times: on the first, fourth, and seventh days, once from each healthy control subject. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated by density centrifugation and stained with cocktails of antibodies. Populations of HSPCs and their subpopulation were analyzed by flow cytometry. Immune cells were characterized by flow cytometry and blood cell analysis. Correlations between HSPCs and immune cells were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test. Results: We found that the frequency of HSPCs (CD34+ cells and CD34+CD38+ cells) in sepsis patients on day 4 was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls. The most pronounced change in subpopulation analysis is the frequency of common myeloid progenitors (CMPs; CD34+CD38+CD135+CD45RA−). But no difference in the immunophenotypically defined hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs; CD34+CD38−CD90+CD45RA−) in sepsis patients was observed due to rare HSC numbers in PB. The number of PBMCs and lymphocytes are decreased, whereas the white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil counts were increased in sepsis patients. Importantly, we found a negative correlation between CD34+ on day 1 and WBC and lymphocytes on day 4 from correlation analysis in sepsis patients. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the HSPC and its subpopulation in sepsis patients expanded. Importantly, the changes in HSPCs at early time points in sepsis patients have negative correlations with later immune cells. Our results may provide a novel diagnostic indicator and a new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Hao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Cai Shang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Xun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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19
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Abstract
Mice are a suitable animal model for sepsis studies because they recapitulate many aspects of the pathophysiology observed in septic human patients. It is ethically preferable to use mice for research over higher sentient species, when scientifically appropriate. Mice are also advantageous for research due to their small size, modest housing needs, the availability of genetically modified strains, and the broad range of reagents available for scientific assays on this species. Nevertheless, there are some intrinsic differences between mice and humans that should be recognized when considering the translational potential of sepsis therapies. It is often wise to complement traditional mouse studies with animal models that exhibit even greater similarity to humans, and in particular, models that better recapitulate the human immune response. Humanized mice are a promising tool to bridge this interspecies research gap. Herein, we provide a protocol to generate BLT humanized mice and describe their sepsis phenotype after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).
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20
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Chen J, Chen R, Huang S, Zu B, Zhang S. Atezolizumab alleviates the immunosuppression induced by PD‑L1‑positive neutrophils and improves the survival of mice during sepsis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:144. [PMID: 33655320 PMCID: PMC7751480 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atezolizumab can reduce immunosuppression caused by T lymphocyte apoptosis in various cancer types. The current study aimed to investigate whether this drug can also alleviate immunosuppression during sepsis. For that purpose, a C57BL/6 mouse sepsis model was generated. Mice were randomly assigned to three groups: Sham, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and atezolizumab groups. Atezolizumab was administered <em>in vivo</em> by intraperitoneal injection. The expression of programmed death ligand‑1 (PD‑L1) on neutrophils and programmed death‑1 (PD‑1) on T lymphocytes was evaluated, and endotoxin concentration, intestinal permeability, ileum histopathological score and tight junction protein expression were assessed to determine the extent of disease in each group. The rate of T lymphocyte apoptosis was determined to assess the effects of atezolizumab on T lymphocyte apoptosis <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em>. Survival times were also recorded to compare mouse prognosis during sepsis. In the CLP group, the proportion of PD‑L1+ neutrophils was significantly higher at 48, 72 and 96 h in blood, and at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h in bone marrow, compared with those of the sham group (P<0.05). The proportion of PD‑1+ T lymphocytes was also upregulated at 72 h in blood. In the atezolizumab group, endotoxin concentration, intestinal permeability and ileum histopathological score were lower compared with those in the CLP group (P<0.05), whereas the expression of claudin‑1 and occludin proteins on ileum was higher compared with that in the CLP group (P<0.05). Both <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> experiments indicated that the rate of T lymphocyte apoptosis following atezolizumab treatment was lower compared with that in the CLP group (P<0.05). Survival analysis demonstrated that mice in the atezolizumab group survived longer compared with those in the CLP group (P<0.05). The current study demonstrated that treatment with atezolizumab may be an effective method for treating immunosuppression induced by sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Chen
- The First Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian 351100, P.R. China
| | - Ruiyuan Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Shaoxiong Huang
- The First Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian 351100, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zu
- The First Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian 351100, P.R. China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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21
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Ruan WS, Feng MX, Xu J, Xu YG, Song CY, Lin LY, Li L, Lu YQ. Early Activation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Participate in Sepsis-Induced Immune Suppression via PD-L1/PD-1 Axis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1299. [PMID: 32719675 PMCID: PMC7347749 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been reported to keep elevating during sepsis. The current study was performed to investigate the immunosuppressive effect of MDSCs and their subsets with the underlying mechanisms. Methods: The immunosuppressive status was manifested by the apoptosis of splenocytes, quantity of T cells and PD-1 expression. The dynamics of quantity and PD-L1 level of MDSCs and the subsets were determined over time. The subset of MDSCs with high PD-L1 level was co-cultured with T cells to observe the suppressive effect. Results: Abdominal abscess was observed after 7 days post-sepsis. Five biomarkers related to organ functions were all significantly higher in the CLP group. The survival rate was consistent with the middle grade severity of sepsis model. Apoptosis of splenocytes increased over time during sepsis; CD4 + T cell decreased from day 1 post-sepsis; CD8+ T cells significantly reduced at day 7. The PD-1 expression in spleen was upregulated from an early stage of sepsis, and negatively related with the quantity of T cells. MDSCs were low at day 1 post-sepsis, but increased to a high level later; the dynamics of PMN-MDSC was similar to MDSCs. PD-L1 on MDSCs was highest at day 1 post-sepsis; PMN-MDSC was the main subset expressing PD-L1. The PMN-MDSC with high PD-L1 expression level extracted on day 1 after surgery from CLP mice significantly inhibited the proliferation of T cells. Conclusions: Sepsis-induced immunosuppression is initiated from a very early stage, a high expression level of PD-L1 on MDSCs and the main subset, PMN-MDSC might play a critical role suppressive role on T cells through PD-L1/PD-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shuyi Ruan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Xiao Feng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ge Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong-Ying Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ying Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Qiang Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Clere-Jehl R, Mariotte A, Meziani F, Bahram S, Georgel P, Helms J. JAK-STAT Targeting Offers Novel Therapeutic Opportunities in Sepsis. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:987-1002. [PMID: 32631717 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by exaggerated host responses to infections taking place in two phases: (i) a systemic (hyper)inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), participating in multiple organ failure (MOF), a major complication of septic shock, followed by (ii) a compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS), leading to sepsis-induced immunosuppression and resulting in late infections and long-term mortality. The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT)-dependent signaling pathway is involved in both manifestations, hence playing a key role during sepsis. It is also involved in emergency myelopoiesis, which participates in host defense. The aim of this review is to highlight and refine the recent implications of this signaling pathway in sepsis and illustrate why its central position makes it a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Clere-Jehl
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France; ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Mariotte
- ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ferhat Meziani
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Seiamak Bahram
- ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Georgel
- ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Julie Helms
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France; ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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23
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CXCR5 Knockdown Attenuates Hippocampal Neurogenesis Deficits and Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of Sepsis-associated Encephalopathy. Neuroscience 2020; 433:212-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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24
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Cavaillon J, Singer M, Skirecki T. Sepsis therapies: learning from 30 years of failure of translational research to propose new leads. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e10128. [PMID: 32176432 PMCID: PMC7136965 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201810128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis has been identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global health priority. There has been a tremendous effort to decipher underlying mechanisms responsible for organ failure and death, and to develop new treatments. Despite saving thousands of animals over the last three decades in multiple preclinical studies, no new effective drug has emerged that has clearly improved patient outcomes. In the present review, we analyze the reasons for this failure, focusing on the inclusion of inappropriate patients and the use of irrelevant animal models. We advocate against repeating the same mistakes and propose changes to the research paradigm. We discuss the long-term consequences of surviving sepsis and, finally, list some putative approaches-both old and new-that could help save lives and improve survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mervyn Singer
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Tomasz Skirecki
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care MedicineCentre of Postgraduate Medical EducationWarsawPoland
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25
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Skirecki T, Drechsler S, Hoser G, Jafarmadar M, Siennicka K, Pojda Z, Kawiak J, Osuchowski MF. The Fluctuations of Leukocytes and Circulating Cytokines in Septic Humanized Mice Vary With Outcome. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1427. [PMID: 31297113 PMCID: PMC6607920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains a major challenge in translational research given its heterogeneous pathophysiology and the lack of specific therapeutics. The use of humanized mouse chimeras with transplanted human hematopoietic cells may improve the clinical relevance of pre-clinical studies. However, knowledge of the human immuno-inflammatory response during sepsis in humanized mice is scarce; it is unclear how similar or divergent mouse and human-origin immuno-inflammatory responses in sepsis are. In this study, we evaluated the early outcome-dependent immuno-inflammatory response in humanized mice generated in the NSG strain after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis. Mice were observed for 32 h post-CLP and were assigned to either predicted-to-die (P-DIE) or predicted-to-survive (P-SUR) groups for retrospective comparisons. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 6 and 24 h, whereas the bone marrow and spleen were collected between 24 and 32 h post-CLP. In comparison to P-SUR, P-DIE humanized mice had a 3-fold higher frequency of human splenic monocytes and their CD80 expression was reduced by 1.3-fold; there was no difference in the HLA-DR expression. Similarly, the expression of CD80 on the bone marrow monocytes from P-DIE mice was decreased by 32% (p < 0.05). Sepsis induced a generalized up-regulation of both human and murine plasma cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, IL-8/KC, MCP-1); it was additionally aggravated in P-DIE vs. P-SUR. Human cytokines were strongly overridden by the murine ones (approx. ratio 1:9) but human TNFα was 7-fold higher than mouse TNFα. Interestingly, transplantation of human cells did not influence murine cytokine response in NSG mice, but humanized NSG mice were more susceptible to sepsis in comparison with NSG mice (79 vs. 33% mortality; p < 0.05). In conclusion, our results show that humanized mice reflect selected aspects of human immune responses in sepsis and therefore may be a feasible alternative in preclinical immunotherapy modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Skirecki
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Susanne Drechsler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Grazyna Hoser
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mohammad Jafarmadar
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Siennicka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zygmunt Pojda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kawiak
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin F Osuchowski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Abstract
Human immune system (HIS) mice are created by transplanting human immune cells or their progenitor cells into highly immunodeficient recipient mouse hosts, thereby "humanizing" their immune systems. Over past decades, the field of HIS mice has evolved rapidly, as modifications of existing immunodeficient mouse strains have been developed, resulting in increasing levels of human tissue engraftment as humanization is optimized. Current HIS mouse models not only permit elevated levels of human cell engraftment but also demonstrate graft stability. As such, HIS mice are being extensively used to study the human innate and adaptive immune response against microbial infections in vivo. Compared to nonhumanized animal models, which are frequently infected with surrogate or adapted microbes, the HIS mouse models allow the analysis of interactions between human immune cells and bona fide pathogenic microbes, making them a more clinically relevant model. This article reviews the development of HIS mice and covers the different strategies used to humanize mice, as well as discussing the use of HIS mice for studying bacterial infections that cause human disease.
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27
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Skirecki T, Cavaillon JM. Inner sensors of endotoxin – implications for sepsis research and therapy. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:239-256. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Skirecki
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103 Street, 01–813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jean-Marc Cavaillon
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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28
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Mobilization of Stem and Progenitor Cells in Septic Shock Patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3289. [PMID: 30824730 PMCID: PMC6397313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39772-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Septic shock is associated with multiple injuries to organs and tissues. These events may induce the regenerative response of adult stem cells. However, little is known about how endogenous stem cells are modulated by sepsis. This study analyzed the circulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) in the peripheral blood of patients with septic shock. Thirty-three patients with septic shock and twenty-two healthy control subjects were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Blood samples were collected on the first, third and seventh days of septic shock. Populations of stem cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Chemotactic mediators were analyzed by HPLC and ELISA. Populations of early HSCs (Lin-CD133+CD45+ and CD34+CD38−) were mobilized to the peripheral blood after an initial decrease. Mobilized HSCs showed significantly increased expression of Ki-67, a marker of cell proliferation. Circulating EPCs and VSELs were mobilized to the blood circulation upon the first day of sepsis. Patients with a greater number of Lin-CD133+CD45+ HSCs and Lin-CD34+CD45− VSELs had a significantly lower probability of 60-day survival. The concentration of CXCL12 was elevated in the blood of septic patients, while the concentration of sphingosine-1-phosphate was significantly decreased. As an emergency early response to sepsis, VSELs and EPCs were mobilized to the peripheral blood, while the HSCs showed delayed mobilization. Differential mobilization of stem cell subsets reflected changes in the concentration of chemoattractants in the blood. The relationship between the probability of death and a large number of HSCs and VSELs in septic shock patients can be used as a novel prognostic marker and may provide new therapeutic approaches.
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29
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Lin S, Huang G, Cheng L, Li Z, Xiao Y, Deng Q, Jiang Y, Li B, Lin S, Wang S, Wu Q, Yao H, Cao S, Li Y, Liu P, Wei W, Pei D, Yao Y, Wen Z, Zhang X, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Cui S, Sun X, Qian X, Li P. Establishment of peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived humanized lung cancer mouse models for studying efficacy of PD-L1/PD-1 targeted immunotherapy. MAbs 2018; 10:1301-1311. [PMID: 30204048 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1518948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models used to evaluate efficacies of immune checkpoint inhibitors are insufficient or inaccurate. We thus examined two xenograft models used for this purpose, with the aim of optimizing them. One method involves the use of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cell line-derived xenografts (PBMCs-CDX model). For this model, we implanted human lung cancer cells into NOD-scid-IL2Rg-/- (NSI) mice, followed by injection of human PBMCs. The second method involves the use of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and CDX (HSPCs-CDX model). For this model, we first reconstituted the human immune system by transferring human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs-derived humanized model) and then transplanted human lung cancer cells. We found that the PBMCs-CDX model was more accurate in evaluating PD-L1/PD-1 targeted immunotherapies. In addition, it took only four weeks with the PBMCs-CDX model for efficacy evaluation, compared to 10-14 weeks with the HSPCs-CDX model. We then further established PBMCs-derived patient-derived xenografts (PDX) models, including an auto-PBMCs-PDX model using cancer and T cells from the same tumor, and applied them to assess the antitumor efficacies of anti-PD-L1 antibodies. We demonstrated that this PBMCs-derived PDX model was an invaluable tool to study the efficacies of PD-L1/PD-1 targeted cancer immunotherapies. Overall, we found our PBMCs-derived models to be excellent preclinical models for studying immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouheng Lin
- a Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China.,c Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Guohua Huang
- d Department of Respiratory medicine, Nanfang Hospital , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Lin Cheng
- b Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China.,c Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhen Li
- e MabSpace Biosciences Co. Ltd , Suzhou , China
| | - Yiren Xiao
- b Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China.,c Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Qiuhua Deng
- d Department of Respiratory medicine, Nanfang Hospital , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yuchuan Jiang
- f Department of Thoracic Oncology , Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou , China
| | - Baiheng Li
- b Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China.,c Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Simiao Lin
- b Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China.,c Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Suna Wang
- b Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China.,c Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Qiting Wu
- b Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China.,c Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Huihui Yao
- g Department of Outpatient , The 91th Military Hospital , Jiaozuo , China
| | - Su Cao
- h Division of General Pediatrics , The 91th Military Hospital , Jiaozuo , China
| | - Yang Li
- i Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Pentao Liu
- j School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Centre , University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Wei Wei
- k Guangdong Cord Blood Bank , Guangdong , China
| | - Duanqing Pei
- b Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China.,c Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yao Yao
- b Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China.,c Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhesheng Wen
- f Department of Thoracic Oncology , Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xuchao Zhang
- l Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Medical Research Center , Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yilong Wu
- l Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Medical Research Center , Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- m Department of Radiology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shuzhong Cui
- n Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- o Key Lab for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynaecology and Obstetrics , The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | | | - Peng Li
- b Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China.,c Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China.,n Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
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30
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Laudanski K, Stentz M, DiMeglio M, Furey W, Steinberg T, Patel A. Potential Pitfalls of the Humanized Mice in Modeling Sepsis. Int J Inflam 2018; 2018:6563454. [PMID: 30245803 PMCID: PMC6139216 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6563454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Humanized mice are a state-of-the-art tool used to study several diseases, helping to close the gap between mice and human immunology. This review focuses on the potential obstacles in the analysis of immune system performance between humans and humanized mice in the context of severe acute inflammation as seen in sepsis or other critical care illnesses. The extent to which the reconstituted human immune system in mice adequately compares to the performance of the human immune system in human hosts is still an evolving question. Although certain viral and protozoan infections can be replicated in humanized mice, whether a highly complex and dynamic systemic inflammation like sepsis can be accurately represented by current humanized mouse models in a clinically translatable manner is unclear. Humanized mice are xenotransplant animals in the most general terms. Several organs (e.g., bone marrow mesenchymal cells, endothelium) cannot interact with the grafted human leukocytes effectively due to species specificity. Also the interaction between mice gut flora and the human immune system may be paradoxical. Often, grafting is performed utilizing an identical batch of stem cells in highly inbred animals which fails to account for human heterogeneity. Limiting factors include the substantial cost and restricting supply of animals. Finally, humanized mice offer an opportunity to gain knowledge of human-like conditions, requiring careful data interpretation just as in nonhumanized animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Stentz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Matthew DiMeglio
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
| | - William Furey
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
| | - Toby Steinberg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arpit Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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31
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Efron PA, Mohr AM, Bihorac A, Horiguchi H, Hollen MK, Segal MS, Baker HV, Leeuwenburgh C, Moldawer LL, Moore FA, Brakenridge SC. Persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism and the development of chronic critical illness after surgery. Surgery 2018; 164:178-184. [PMID: 29807651 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As early as the 1990s, chronic critical illness, a distinct syndrome of persistent high-acuity illness requiring management in the ICU, was reported under a variety of descriptive terms including the "neuropathy of critical illness," "myopathy of critical illness," "ICU-acquired weakness," and most recently "post-intensive care unit syndrome." The widespread implementation of targeted shock resuscitation, improved organ support modalities, and evidence-based protocolized ICU care has resulted in significantly decreased in-hospital mortality within surgical ICUs, specifically by reducing early multiple organ failure deaths. However, a new phenotype of multiple organ failure has now emerged with persistent but manageable organ dysfunction, high resource utilization, and discharge to prolonged care facilities. This new multiple organ failure phenotype is now clinically associated with the rapidly increasing incidence of chronic critical illness in critically ill surgery patients. Although the underlying pathophysiology driving chronic critical illness remains incompletely described, the persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome has been proposed as a mechanistic framework in which to explain the increased incidence of chronic critical illness in surgical ICUs. The purpose of this review is to provide a historic perspective of the epidemiologic evolution of multiple organ failure into persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome; describe the mechanism that drives and sustains chronic critical illness, and review the long-term outcomes of surgical patients who develop chronic critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Azra Bihorac
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Hiroyuki Horiguchi
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - McKenzie K Hollen
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Mark S Segal
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Henry V Baker
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Institute on Aging and the Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainseville
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Frederick A Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Scott C Brakenridge
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
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Liang D, Huang A, Jin Y, Lin M, Xia X, Chen X, Huang A. Protective effects of exogenous NaHS against sepsis-induced myocardial mitochondrial injury by enhancing the PGC-1α/NRF2 pathway and mitochondrial biosynthesis in mice. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:1422-1430. [PMID: 29887956 PMCID: PMC5992544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study aimed to examine whether exogenous NaHS can protect myocardial mitochondrial injury from sepsis by enhancing the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1α (PGC-1α)/ nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway and mitochondrial biosynthesis in mice. Animals were divided into sham-operated, sepsis, sepsis + 25 μmol/L NaHS, sepsis + 50 μmol/L NaHS, sepsis + 100 μmol/L NaHS, and sepsis + 200 μmol/L NaHS groups. The myocardial damage was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining for myocardial microstructure and serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) detection. The myocardial mitochondrial damage was evaluated through transmission electron microscopic observation of mitochondrial microstructure and detection of the degree of myocardial mitochondrial swelling. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level was used to appraise the mitochondrial function. The mRNA expression levels of Nrf2, PGC-1α, and Tfam were analyzed to explore the molecular mechanism. RESULTS In the sepsis group, the structure of myocardial tissue and mitochondria were significantly damaged, the serum cTnI level increased (P < 0.05), the ATP level reduced, the degree of myocardial mitochondrial swelling aggravated, and the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2, PGC-1α, and Tfam increased (P < 0.05). After NaHS treatment, the structure of myocardial tissue and mitochondria improved, the cTnI level reduced, the ATP level increased, the degree of myocardial mitochondrial swelling alleviated, and the mRNA expression level of Nrf2, PGC-1α, and Tfam increased continuously in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Exogenous NaHS had a protective effect against myocardial mitochondrial injury in sepsis. The mechanism might lie in enhancing the PGC-1α/NRF2 pathway and mitochondrial biosynthesis.
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Janec KJ, Yuan H, Norton JE, Kelner RH, Hirt CK, Betensky RA, Guinan EC. rBPI 21 (Opebacan) Promotes Rapid Trilineage Hematopoietic Recovery in a Murine Model of High-Dose Total Body Irradiation. Am J Hematol 2018; 93:10.1002/ajh.25136. [PMID: 29752735 PMCID: PMC6230507 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of providing adequate care after radiation exposure has drawn increasing attention. While most therapeutic development has focused on improving survival at lethal radiation doses, acute hematopoietic syndrome (AHS) occurs at substantially lower exposures. Thus, it is likely that a large proportion of such a radiation-exposed population will manifest AHS of variable degree and that the medical and socioeconomic costs of AHS will accrue. Here, we examined the potential of rBPI21 (opebacan), used without supportive care, to accelerate hematopoietic recovery after radiation where expected survival was substantial (42-75%) at 30 days). rBPI21 administration was associated with accelerated recovery of hematopoietic precursors and normal marrow cellularity, with increases in megakaryocyte numbers particularly marked. This translated into attaining normal trilineage peripheral blood counts 2-3 weeks earlier than controls. Elevations of hematopoietic growth factors observed in plasma and the marrow microenvironment suggest the mechanism is likely multifactorial and not confined to known endotoxin-neutralizing and cytokine down-modulating activities of rBPI21 . These observations deserve further exploration in radiation models and other settings where inadequate hematopoiesis is a prominent feature. These experiments also model the potential of therapeutics to limit the allocation of scarce resources after catastrophic exposures as an endpoint independent of lethality mitigation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J. Janec
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
| | - Huaiping Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
| | - James E. Norton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
| | - Rowan H. Kelner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
| | - Christian K. Hirt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
| | - Rebecca A. Betensky
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA
| | - Eva C. Guinan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
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Hsu AY, Gurol T, Sobreira TJP, Zhang S, Moore N, Cai C, Zhang ZY, Deng Q. Development and Characterization of an Endotoxemia Model in Zebra Fish. Front Immunol 2018; 9:607. [PMID: 29651289 PMCID: PMC5884884 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endotoxemia is a condition in which endotoxins enter the blood stream and cause systemic and sometimes lethal inflammation. Zebra fish provides a genetically tractable model organism for studying innate immunity, with additional advantages in live imaging and drug discovery. However, a bona fide endotoxemia model has not been established in zebra fish. Here, we have developed an acute endotoxemia model in zebra fish by injecting a single dose of LPS directly into the circulation. Hallmarks of human acute endotoxemia, including systemic inflammation, extensive tissue damage, circulation blockade, immune cell mobilization, and emergency hematopoiesis, were recapitulated in this model. Knocking out the adaptor protein Myd88 inhibited systemic inflammation and improved zebra fish survival. In addition, similar alternations of pathways with human acute endotoxemia were detected using global proteomic profiling and MetaCore™ pathway enrichment analysis. Furthermore, treating zebra fish with a protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 11 (Shp2) inhibitor decreased systemic inflammation, immune mobilization, tissue damage, and improved survival in the endotoxemia model. Together, we have established and characterized the phenotypic and gene expression changes of a zebra fish endotoxemia model, which is amenable to genetic and pharmacological discoveries that can ultimately lead to a better mechanistic understanding of the dynamics and interplay of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Y Hsu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Theodore Gurol
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Tiago J P Sobreira
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Natalie Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Chufan Cai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression and Catabolism after Severe Injury or Infection. ANNUAL UPDATE IN INTENSIVE CARE AND EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2018 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-73670-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Venet F, Monneret G. Advances in the understanding and treatment of sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017; 14:121-137. [PMID: 29225343 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction that is caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis can induce acute kidney injury and multiple organ failures and represents the most common cause of death in the intensive care unit. Sepsis initiates a complex immune response that varies over time, with the concomitant occurrence of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. As a result, most patients with sepsis rapidly display signs of profound immunosuppression, which is associated with deleterious consequences. Scientific advances have highlighted the role of metabolic failure, epigenetic reprogramming, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, immature suppressive neutrophils and immune alterations in primary lymphoid organs (the thymus and bone marrow) in sepsis. An improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying this immunosuppression as well as of the similarities between sepsis-induced immunosuppression and immune defects in cancer or immunosenescence has led to novel therapeutic strategies aimed at stimulating immune function in patients with sepsis. Trials assessing the therapeutic benefit of IL-7, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and antibodies against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) for the treatment of sepsis are in progress. The reappraisal of sepsis pathophysiology has also resulted in a novel approach to the design of clinical trials evaluating sepsis treatments, based on an evaluation of the immune status and biomarker-based stratification of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Venet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Immunology Department, Flow Division, 69003 Lyon, France.,Equipe d'Accueil 7426, Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Immunology Department, Flow Division, 69003 Lyon, France.,Equipe d'Accueil 7426, Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 69003 Lyon, France
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Le Burel S, Thepenier C, Boutin L, Lataillade JJ, Peltzer J. Effect of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on T Cells in a Septic Context: Immunosuppression or Immunostimulation? Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1477-1489. [PMID: 28747098 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a complex process, including a first wave of damage partially due to the body's response to pathogens, followed by a phase of immune cell dysfunction. The efficacy of a pharmacological approach facing a rapidly evolving system implies a perfect timing of administration-this difficulty could explain the recent failure of clinical trials. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are usually defined as immunosuppressive and their beneficial effects in preclinical models of acute sepsis have been shown to rely partly on such ability. If nonregulated, this phenotype could be harmful in the immunosuppressed context arising hours after sepsis onset. However, MSCs being environment sensitive, we hypothesized that they could reverse their immunosuppressive properties when confronted with suffering immune cells. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of human MSCs on activated human lymphocytes in an in vitro endotoxemia model. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) underwent a 24-h lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intoxication and were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in contact with MSCs. MSCs induced a differential effect on lymphocytes depending on PBMC intoxication with LPS. Unintoxicated lymphocytes were highly proliferative with PHA and were inhibited by MSCs, whereas LPS-intoxicated lymphocytes showed a low proliferation rate, but were supported by MSCs, even when monocytes were depleted. These data, highlighting MSC plasticity in their immunomodulatory activity, pave the way for further studies investigating the mechanisms of mutual interactions between MSCs and immune cells in sepsis. Thus, MSCs might be able to fight against both early sepsis-induced hyperinflammatory response and later time points of immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Le Burel
- Unité de Thérapie Tissulaire et Traumatologie de Guerre (T3G), Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées "Jean Julliard" Hôpital Percy , Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Clamart, France
| | - Cédric Thepenier
- Unité de Thérapie Tissulaire et Traumatologie de Guerre (T3G), Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées "Jean Julliard" Hôpital Percy , Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Clamart, France
| | - Laetitia Boutin
- Unité de Thérapie Tissulaire et Traumatologie de Guerre (T3G), Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées "Jean Julliard" Hôpital Percy , Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Clamart, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Lataillade
- Unité de Thérapie Tissulaire et Traumatologie de Guerre (T3G), Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées "Jean Julliard" Hôpital Percy , Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Clamart, France
| | - Juliette Peltzer
- Unité de Thérapie Tissulaire et Traumatologie de Guerre (T3G), Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées "Jean Julliard" Hôpital Percy , Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Clamart, France
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Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Modulates Neutrophil Recruitment in a Murine Model of Endotoxemia. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:4315412. [PMID: 28852269 PMCID: PMC5567445 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4315412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system consists of endogenous lipid mediators and cannabinoid receptors (CB) 1 and 2. It has previously been demonstrated that activation of the leukocyte-expressed CB2 has anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. Here, we report its role under baseline conditions and in a model of low-dose endotoxemia by comparing CB2 knockout to littermate control mice. CB2-deficient mice displayed significantly more neutrophils and fewer monocytes in the bone marrow under steady state. In initial validation experiments, administration of 1 mg/kg LPS to male C57BL/6J mice was shown to transiently upregulate systemic proinflammatory mediators (peaked at 2 hours) and mobilise bone marrow neutrophils and monocytes into circulation. In CB2 knockout mice, the level of the metalloproteinase MMP-9 was significantly elevated by 2 hours and we also observed augmented recruitment of neutrophils to the spleen in addition to increased levels of Ccl2, Ccl3, Cxcl10, and Il6. Collectively, our data show that the absence of CB2 receptor increases the levels of innate immune cell populations in the bone marrow under steady state. Furthermore, during an acute systemic inflammatory insult, we observe a highly reproducible and site-specific increase in neutrophil recruitment and proinflammatory chemokine expression in the spleen of CB2 knockout mice.
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Kawaguchi T, Foster BA, Young J, Takabe K. Current Update of Patient-Derived Xenograft Model for Translational Breast Cancer Research. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2017; 22:131-139. [PMID: 28451789 PMCID: PMC5511343 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-017-9378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of patients with breast cancer (BrCa), BrCa remains the third leading cause of cancer death for women in the US due to intrinsic or acquired resistance to therapy. Continued understanding of gene expression profiling and genomic sequencing has clarified underlying intratumoral molecular heterogeneity. Recently, the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models have emerged as a novel tool to address the issues of BrCa genomics and tumor heterogeneity, and to critically transform translational BrCa research in the preclinical setting. PDX models are generated by xenografting cancer tissue fragments obtained from patients to immune deficient mice, and can be passaged into next generations of mice. Generally, in contrast to conventional xenograft using cancer cell lines, PDXs are biologically more stable and recapitulate the individual tumor morphology, gene expression, and drug susceptibility of each patient. PDX may better model the original patient's tumor by retaining tumor heterogeneity, gene expression, and similar response to treatment. PDX models are thus thought to be more translationally relevant, especially as a drug development tool, because PDXs can capture the genetic character and heterogeneity that exists within a single patient's tumor and across a population of patients' tumors. PDX models also hold enormous potential for identifying predictive markers for therapeutic response. It has been repeatedly shown that PDX models demonstrate similar levels of activity as compared to the clinical response to therapeutic interventions. Therefore, this enables identification of therapeutic interventions that can most likely benefit a patient. This allows us to address the issues of BrCa genomics and tumor heterogeneity using PDXs in "pre-clinical" trials. Herein, we reviewed recent scientific development and future perspectives using PDX models in BrCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Kawaguchi
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Barbara A Foster
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Jessica Young
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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40
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Rodewohl A, Scholbach J, Leichsenring A, Köberle M, Lange F. Age-dependent cellular reactions of the human immune system of humanized NOD scid gamma mice on LPS stimulus. Innate Immun 2017; 23:258-275. [PMID: 28162006 DOI: 10.1177/1753425917690814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite sepsis being a life-threatening disease, targeted drugs that improve the therapy of affected patients are still lacking. Infants and adults differ in the maturity level of their immune system and this results in distinct reactions to Gram-negative bacteria. To study reactions of human immune cells in vivo, we used NOD scid gamma mice transplanted with human CD34+ stem cells to engraft a functional human immune system. Human cells undergo differentiation and maturation in these mice after transplantation and, accordingly, animals were divided into two groups: 8-13 wk and 15-22 wk after transplantation. Endotoxemia was induced by injecting LPS. Six h later, mice were euthanized. In both groups, LPS stimulation induced a decrease of CD14+ monocytes in peripheral blood, an up-regulation of activation markers on different cell subsets such as myeloid dendritic cells, and a release of the human cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10. However, significant differences were detected with regard to the amounts of released cytokines, and 8-13-wk-old mice produced more IL-6, while PTX3 was mainly released by 15-22-wk-old animals. Thus, here we provide a potential model for preclinical research of sepsis in infants and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Rodewohl
- 1 Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany.,2 Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johanna Scholbach
- 1 Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany.,3 Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Leichsenring
- 1 Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Margarethe Köberle
- 1 Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany.,2 Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska Lange
- 1 Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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Walsh NC, Kenney LL, Jangalwe S, Aryee KE, Greiner DL, Brehm MA, Shultz LD. Humanized Mouse Models of Clinical Disease. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2016; 12:187-215. [PMID: 27959627 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-052016-100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunodeficient mice engrafted with functional human cells and tissues, that is, humanized mice, have become increasingly important as small, preclinical animal models for the study of human diseases. Since the description of immunodeficient mice bearing mutations in the IL2 receptor common gamma chain (IL2rgnull) in the early 2000s, investigators have been able to engraft murine recipients with human hematopoietic stem cells that develop into functional human immune systems. These mice can also be engrafted with human tissues such as islets, liver, skin, and most solid and hematologic cancers. Humanized mice are permitting significant progress in studies of human infectious disease, cancer, regenerative medicine, graft-versus-host disease, allergies, and immunity. Ultimately, use of humanized mice may lead to the implementation of truly personalized medicine in the clinic. This review discusses recent progress in the development and use of humanized mice and highlights their utility for the study of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Walsh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Laurie L Kenney
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Sonal Jangalwe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Ken-Edwin Aryee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Michael A Brehm
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
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Baird A, Deng C, Eliceiri MH, Haghi F, Dang X, Coimbra R, Costantini TW, Torbett BE, Eliceiri BP. Mice engrafted with human hematopoietic stem cells support a human myeloid cell inflammatory response in vivo. Wound Repair Regen 2016; 24:1004-1014. [PMID: 27663454 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mice engrafted with human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (CD34+ -HSPCs) have been used to study human infection, diabetes, sepsis, and burn, suggesting that they could be highly amenable to characterizing the human inflammatory response to injury. To this end, human leukocytes infiltrating subcutaneous implants of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponges were analyzed in immunodeficient NSG mice reconstituted with CD34+ -HSPCs. It was reported that human CD45+ (hCD45+ ) leukocytes were present in PVA sponges 3 and 7 days postimplantation and could be localized within the sponges by immunohistochemistry. The different CD45+ subtypes were characterized by flow cytometry and the profile of human cytokines they secreted into PVA wound fluid was assessed using a human-specific multiplex bead analyses of human IL-12p70, TNFα, IL-10, IL-6, IL1β, and IL-8. This enabled tracking the functional contributions of HLA-DR+ , CD33+ , CD19+ , CD62L+ , CD11b+ , or CX3CR1+ hCD45+ infiltrating inflammatory leukocytes. PCR of cDNA prepared from these cells enabled the assessment and differentiation of human, mouse, and uniquely human genes. These findings support the hypothesis that mice engrafted with CD34+ -HSPCs can be deployed as precision avatars to study the human inflammatory response to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Baird
- Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Chenliang Deng
- Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Matthew H Eliceiri
- Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Fatima Haghi
- Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Xitong Dang
- Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California.,The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Raul Coimbra
- Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Todd W Costantini
- Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Bruce E Torbett
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Brian P Eliceiri
- Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
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Could stem cells be the future therapy for sepsis? Blood Rev 2016; 30:439-452. [PMID: 27297212 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The severity and threat of sepsis is well known, and despite several decades of research, the mortality continues to be high. Stem cells have great potential to be used in various clinical disorders. The innate ability of stem cells such as pluripotency, self-renewal makes them potential agents for therapeutic intervention. The pathophysiology of sepsis is a plethora of complex mechanisms which include the initial microbial infection, followed by "cytokine storm," endothelial dysfunction, coagulation cascade, and the late phase of apoptosis and immune paralysis which ultimately results in multiple organ dysfunction. Stem cells could potentially alter each step of this complex pathophysiology of sepsis. Multiple organ dysfunction associated with sepsis most often leads to death and stem cells have shown their ability to prevent the organ damage and improve the organ function. The possible mechanisms of therapeutic potential of stem cells in sepsis have been discussed in detail. The route of administration, dose level, and timing also play vital role in the overall effect of stem cells in sepsis.
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