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Bautista-González S, Carrillo González NJ, Campos-Ordoñez T, Acosta Elías MA, Pedroza-Montero MR, Beas-Zárate C, Gudiño-Cabrera G. Raman spectroscopy to assess the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into a glial phenotype. Regen Ther 2023; 24:528-535. [PMID: 37841662 PMCID: PMC10570561 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent precursor cells with the ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell linage, including the Schwann-like fate that promotes regeneration after lesion. Raman spectroscopy provides a precise characterization of the osteogenic, adipogenic, hepatogenic and myogenic differentiation of MSCs. However, the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) towards a glial phenotype (Schwann-like cells) has not been characterized before using Raman spectroscopy. Method We evaluated three conditions: 1) cell culture from rat bone marrow undifferentiated (uBMSCs), and two conditions of differentiation; 2) cells exposed to olfactory ensheathing cells-conditioned medium (dBMSCs) and 3) cells obtained from olfactory bulb (OECs). uBMSCs phenotyping was confirmed by morphology, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry using antibodies of cell surface: CD90 and CD73. Glial phenotype of dBMSCs and OECs were verified by morphology and immunocytochemistry using markers of Schwann-like cells and OECs such as GFAP, p75 NTR and O4. Then, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of Raman spectroscopy was performed to discriminate components from the high wavenumber region between undifferentiated and glial-differentiated cells. Raman bands at the fingerprint region also were used to analyze the differentiation between conditions. Results Differences between Raman spectra from uBMSC and glial phenotype groups were noted at multiple Raman shift values. A significant decrease in the concentration of all major cellular components, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids were found in the glial phenotype groups. PCA analysis confirmed that the highest spectral variations between groups came from the high wavenumber region observed in undifferentiated cells and contributed with the discrimination between glial phenotype groups. Conclusion These findings support the use of Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of uBMSCs and its differentiation in the glial phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulei Bautista-González
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo y Regeneración Neural, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Nidia Jannette Carrillo González
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo y Regeneración Neural, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Tania Campos-Ordoñez
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo y Regeneración Neural, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mónica Alessandra Acosta Elías
- Laboratorio de Biofísica Médica, Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Martín Rafael Pedroza-Montero
- Laboratorio de Biofísica Médica, Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Carlos Beas-Zárate
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo y Regeneración Neural, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Graciela Gudiño-Cabrera
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo y Regeneración Neural, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
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2
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Pastrana-Otero I, Majumdar S, Gilchrist AE, Harley BAC, Kraft ML. Identification of the Differentiation Stages of Living Cells from the Six Most Immature Murine Hematopoietic Cell Populations by Multivariate Analysis of Single-Cell Raman Spectra. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11999-12007. [PMID: 36001072 PMCID: PMC9628127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to expand hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in vitro are motivated by their use in the treatment of leukemias and other blood and immune system diseases. The combinations of extrinsic cues within the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche that lead to HSC fate decisions remain unknown. New noninvasive and location-specific techniques are needed to enable identification of the differentiation stages of individual hematopoietic cells on biomaterial microarray screening platforms that minimize the usage of rare HSCs. Here, we show that a combination of Raman microspectroscopy and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) enables the location-specific identification of individual living cells from the six most immature hematopoietic cell populations, HSC, multipotent progenitor (MPP)-1, MPP-2, MPP-3, common myeloid progenitor, and common lymphoid progenitor. Better than 90% accuracy was achieved. We show that the accuracy of this differentiation stage identification was based on spectral features associated with cell biochemistries. This work establishes that PLS-DA can capture the subtle spectral variations between as many as six closely related cell populations in the presence of potentially significant within-population spectral variation. This noninvasive approach can be used to screen HSC fate decisions elicited by extrinsic cues within biomaterial microarray screening platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isamar Pastrana-Otero
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sayani Majumdar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Aidan E Gilchrist
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mary L Kraft
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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3
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Liu P, Mao Y, Xie Y, Wei J, Yao J. Stem cells for treatment of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis: clinical progress and therapeutic potential. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:356. [PMID: 35883127 PMCID: PMC9327386 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cost-effective treatment strategies for liver fibrosis or cirrhosis are limited. Many clinical trials of stem cells for liver disease shown that stem cells might be a potential therapeutic approach. This review will summarize the published clinical trials of stem cells for the treatment of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and provide the latest overview of various cell sources, cell doses, and delivery methods. We also describe the limitations and strengths of various stem cells in clinical applications. Furthermore, to clarify how stem cells play a therapeutic role in liver fibrosis, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of stem cells for treatment of liver fibrosis, including liver regeneration, immunoregulation, resistance to injury, myofibroblast repression, and extracellular matrix degradation. We provide a perspective for the prospects of future clinical implementation of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinyan Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongcui Mao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ye Xie
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiayun Wei
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jia Yao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.
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4
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Vibrational Spectroscopy for In Vitro Monitoring Stem Cell Differentiation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235554. [PMID: 33256146 PMCID: PMC7729886 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell technology has attracted considerable attention over recent decades due to its enormous potential in regenerative medicine and disease therapeutics. Studying the underlying mechanisms of stem cell differentiation and tissue generation is critical, and robust methodologies and different technologies are required. Towards establishing improved understanding and optimised triggering and control of differentiation processes, analytical techniques such as flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, RNA in situ hybridisation analysis, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting have contributed much. However, progress in the field remains limited because such techniques provide only limited information, as they are only able to address specific, selected aspects of the process, and/or cannot visualise the process at the subcellular level. Additionally, many current analytical techniques involve the disruption of the investigation process (tissue sectioning, immunostaining) and cannot monitor the cellular differentiation process in situ, in real-time. Vibrational spectroscopy, as a label-free, non-invasive and non-destructive analytical technique, appears to be a promising candidate to potentially overcome many of these limitations as it can provide detailed biochemical fingerprint information for analysis of cells, tissues, and body fluids. The technique has been widely used in disease diagnosis and increasingly in stem cell technology. In this work, the efforts regarding the use of vibrational spectroscopy to identify mechanisms of stem cell differentiation at a single cell and tissue level are summarised. Both infrared absorption and Raman spectroscopic investigations are explored, and the relative merits, and future perspectives of the techniques are discussed.
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5
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Mikael PE, Willard C, Koyee A, Barlao CG, Liu X, Han X, Ouyang Y, Xia K, Linhardt RJ, Dordick JS. Remodeling of Glycosaminoglycans During Differentiation of Adult Human Bone Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Toward Hepatocytes. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:278-289. [PMID: 30572803 PMCID: PMC6389772 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need to generate functional hepatocytes to aid in liver repair and regeneration upon availability of a renewable, and potentially personalized, source of human hepatocytes (hHEP). Currently, the vast majority of primary hHEP are obtained from human tissue through cadavers. Recent advances in stem cell differentiation have opened up the possibility to obtain fully functional hepatocytes from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, or adult stem cells. With respect to the latter, human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) can serve as a source of autogenetic and allogenic multipotent stem cells for liver repair and regeneration. A major aspect of hBMSC differentiation is the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and, in particular, the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the differentiation process. In this study, we examine the influence of four distinct culture conditions/protocols (T1-T4) on GAG composition and hepatic markers. α-Fetoprotein and hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α were expressed continually over 21 days of differentiation, as indicated by real time quantitative PCR analysis, while albumin (ALB) expression did not begin until day 21. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) appears to be more effective than activin A in promoting hepatic-like cells through the mesenchymal-epithelial transition, perhaps due to the former binding to the HGF receptor to form a unique complex that diversifies the biological functions of HGF. Of the four protocols tested, uniform hepatocyte-like morphological changes, ALB secretion, and glycogen storage were found to be highest with protocol T2, which involves both early- and late-stage combinations of growth factors. The total GAG profile of the hBMSC ECM is rich in heparan sulfate (HS) and hyaluronan, both of which fluctuate during differentiation. The GAG profile of primary hHEP showed an HS-rich ECM, and thus, it may be possible to guide hBMSC differentiation to more mature hepatocytes by controlling the GAG profile expressed by differentiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paiyz E. Mikael
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Charles Willard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Aurvan Koyee
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Charmaine-Grace Barlao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Xiaorui Han
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Yilan Ouyang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Ke Xia
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
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6
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Lü D, Sun S, Zhang F, Luo C, Zheng L, Wu Y, Li N, Zhang C, Wang C, Chen Q, Long M. Microgravity-induced hepatogenic differentiation of rBMSCs on board the SJ-10 satellite. FASEB J 2018; 33:4273-4286. [PMID: 30521385 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802075r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are able to differentiate into functional hepatocytelike cells, which are expected to serve as a potential cell source in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and clinical treatment of liver injury. Little is known about whether and how space microgravity is able to direct the hepatogenic differentiation of BMSCs in the actual space microenvironment. In this study, we examined the effects of space microgravity on BMSC hepatogenic differentiation on board the SJ-10 Recoverable Scientific Satellite. Rat BMSCs were cultured and induced in hepatogenic induction medium for 3 and 10 d in custom-made space cell culture hardware. Cell growth was monitored periodically in orbit, and the fixed cells and collected supernatants were retrieved back to the Earth for further analyses. Data indicated that space microgravity improves the differentiating capability of the cells by up-regulating hepatocyte-specific albumin and cytokeratin 18. The resulting cells tended to be maturated, with an in-orbit period of up to 10 d. In space, mechanosensitive molecules of β1-integrin, β-actin, α-tubulin, and Ras homolog gene family member A presented enhanced expression, whereas those of cell-surface glycoprotein CD44, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, vinculin, cell division control protein 42 homolog, and Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase yielded reduced expression. Also observed in space were the depolymerization of actin filaments and the accumulation of microtubules and vimentin through the altered expression and location of focal adhesion complexes, Rho guanosine 5'-triphosphatases, as well as the enhanced exosome-mediated mRNA transfer. This work furthers the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of space microgravity in directing hepatogenic differentiation of BMSCs.-Lü, D., Sun, S., Zhang, F., Luo, C., Zheng, L., Wu, Y., Li, N., Zhang, C., Wang, C., Chen, Q., Long, M. Microgravity-induced hepatogenic differentiation of rBMSCs on board the SJ-10 satellite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyuan Lü
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shujin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhua Luo
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Lu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Chengzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Mian Long
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Nanobiosensing Platforms for Real-Time and Non-Invasive Monitoring of Stem Cell Pluripotency and Differentiation. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18092755. [PMID: 30134637 PMCID: PMC6163950 DOI: 10.3390/s18092755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Breakthroughs in the biomedical and regenerative therapy fields have led to the influential ability of stem cells to differentiate into specific types of cells that enable the replacement of injured tissues/organs in the human body. Non-destructive identification of stem cell differentiation is highly necessary to avoid losses of differentiated cells, because most of the techniques generally used as confirmation tools for the successful differentiation of stem cells can result in valuable cells becoming irrecoverable. Regarding this issue, recent studies reported that both Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical sensing possess excellent characteristics for monitoring the behavior of stem cells, including differentiation. In this review, we focus on numerous studies that have investigated the detection of stem cell pluripotency and differentiation in non-invasive and non-destructive manner, mainly by using the Raman and electrochemical methods. Through this review, we present information that could provide scientific or technical motivation to employ or further develop these two techniques for stem cell research and its application.
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8
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Kumamoto Y, Harada Y, Takamatsu T, Tanaka H. Label-free Molecular Imaging and Analysis by Raman Spectroscopy. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2018; 51:101-110. [PMID: 30083018 PMCID: PMC6066646 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.18019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Raman scattering of a cell conveys the intrinsic information inherent to chemical structures of biomolecules. The spectroscopy of Raman scattering, or Raman spectroscopy, allows label-free and quantitative molecular sensing of a biological sample in situ without disruption. For the last five decades Raman spectroscopy has been widely utilized in biological research fields. However, it is just within the latest decade that molecular imaging and discrimination of living cells and tissues have become practically available. Here we overview recent progress in Raman spectroscopy and its application to life sciences. We discuss imaging of functional molecules in living cells and tissues; e.g., cancer cells and ischemic or infarcted hearts, together with a number of studies in the biomedical fields. We further explore comprehensive understandings of a complex spectrum by multivariate analysis for, e.g., accurate peripheral nerve detection, and characterization of the histological differences in the healing process of myocardial infarct. Although limitations still remain, e.g., weakness of the scattering intensity and practical difficulty in comprehensive molecular analysis, continuous progress in related technologies will allow wider use of Raman spectroscopy for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Kumamoto
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Yoshinori Harada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Tetsuro Takamatsu
- Department of Medical Photonics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
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9
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Salehi H, Al-Arag S, Middendorp E, Gergely C, Cuisinier F, Orti V. Dental pulp stem cells used to deliver the anticancer drug paclitaxel. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:103. [PMID: 29650042 PMCID: PMC5897939 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding stem cell behavior as a delivery tool in cancer therapy is essential for evaluating their future clinical potential. Previous in-vivo studies proved the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for local delivery of the commonest anticancer drug, paclitaxel (PTX). Dental pulp is a relatively abundant noninvasive source of MSCs. We assess dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), for the first time, as anticancer drug carriers. Confocal Raman microscopy is a unique tool to trace drug and cell viability without labeling. Methods Drug uptake and cell apoptosis are identified through confocal Raman microscope. We traced translocation of cytochrome c enzyme from the mitochondria, as a biomarker for apoptosis, after testing both cancer and stem cells. The viability of stem cells was checked by means of confocal Raman microscope and by cytotoxicity assays. Results In this study, we prove that DPSCs can be loaded in vitro with the anticancerous drug without affecting their viability, which is later released in the culture medium of breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells) in a time-dependent fashion. The induced cytotoxic damage in MCF-7 cells was observed consequently after PTX release by DPSCs. Additionally, quantitative Raman images of intracellular drug uptake in DPSCs and MCF-7 cells were obtained. Cytotoxic assays prove the DPSCs to be more resistant to PTX as compared to bone marrow-derived MSCs, provided similar conditions. Conclusions Applications of dental stem cells for targeted treatment of cancer could be a revolution to reduce morbidity due to chemotherapy, and to increase the efficacy of systemic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Csilla Gergely
- L2C, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Valerie Orti
- LBN, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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10
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Parrotta E, De Angelis MT, Scalise S, Candeloro P, Santamaria G, Paonessa M, Coluccio ML, Perozziello G, De Vitis S, Sgura A, Coluzzi E, Mollace V, Di Fabrizio EM, Cuda G. Two sides of the same coin? Unraveling subtle differences between human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells by Raman spectroscopy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:271. [PMID: 29183402 PMCID: PMC5706396 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, hold enormous promise for many biomedical applications, such as regenerative medicine, drug testing, and disease modeling. Although induced pluripotent stem cells resemble embryonic stem cells both morphologically and functionally, the extent to which these cell lines are truly equivalent, from a molecular point of view, remains controversial. METHODS Principal component analysis and K-means cluster analysis of collected Raman spectroscopy data were used for a comparative study of the biochemical fingerprint of human induced pluripotent stem cells and human embryonic stem cells. The Raman spectra analysis results were further validated by conventional biological assays. RESULTS Raman spectra analysis revealed that the major difference between human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells is due to the nucleic acid content, as shown by the strong positive peaks at 785, 1098, 1334, 1371, 1484, and 1575 cm-1, which is enriched in human induced pluripotent stem cells. CONCLUSIONS Here, we report a nonbiological approach to discriminate human induced pluripotent stem cells from their native embryonic stem cell counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Parrotta
- Research Center for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Loc., Germaneto, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa De Angelis
- Research Center for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Loc., Germaneto, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Scalise
- Research Center for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Loc., Germaneto, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Patrizio Candeloro
- BioNEM Lab., Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Loc., Germaneto, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Santamaria
- Research Center for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Loc., Germaneto, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Paonessa
- Research Center for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Loc., Germaneto, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Coluccio
- BioNEM Lab., Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Loc., Germaneto, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gerardo Perozziello
- BioNEM Lab., Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Loc., Germaneto, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefania De Vitis
- Research Center for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Loc., Germaneto, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonella Sgura
- Department of Science, University of Rome "Roma tre", viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Coluzzi
- Department of Science, University of Rome "Roma tre", viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Loc., Germaneto, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Enzo Mario Di Fabrizio
- SMILEs Lab., Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Research Center for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Loc., Germaneto, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Ember KJI, Hoeve MA, McAughtrie SL, Bergholt MS, Dwyer BJ, Stevens MM, Faulds K, Forbes SJ, Campbell CJ. Raman spectroscopy and regenerative medicine: a review. NPJ Regen Med 2017; 2:12. [PMID: 29302348 PMCID: PMC5665621 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-017-0014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine spans a wide area of the biomedical landscape-from single cell culture in laboratories to human whole-organ transplantation. To ensure that research is transferrable from bench to bedside, it is critical that we are able to assess regenerative processes in cells, tissues, organs and patients at a biochemical level. Regeneration relies on a large number of biological factors, which can be perturbed using conventional bioanalytical techniques. A versatile, non-invasive, non-destructive technique for biochemical analysis would be invaluable for the study of regeneration; and Raman spectroscopy is a potential solution. Raman spectroscopy is an analytical method by which chemical data are obtained through the inelastic scattering of light. Since its discovery in the 1920s, physicists and chemists have used Raman scattering to investigate the chemical composition of a vast range of both liquid and solid materials. However, only in the last two decades has this form of spectroscopy been employed in biomedical research. Particularly relevant to regenerative medicine are recent studies illustrating its ability to characterise and discriminate between healthy and disease states in cells, tissue biopsies and in patients. This review will briefly outline the principles behind Raman spectroscopy and its variants, describe key examples of its applications to biomedicine, and consider areas of regenerative medicine that would benefit from this non-invasive bioanalytical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J. I. Ember
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ UK
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU UK
| | - Marieke A. Hoeve
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU UK
| | - Sarah L. McAughtrie
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Mads S. Bergholt
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Benjamin J. Dwyer
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU UK
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Karen Faulds
- 0000000121138138grid.11984.35Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Building, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD UK
| | - Stuart J. Forbes
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU UK
| | - Colin J. Campbell
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ UK
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