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Tao H, Zhu P, Xia W, Chu M, Chen K, Wang Q, Gu Y, Lu X, Bai J, Geng D. The Emerging Role of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain in Skeletal Aging. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1784-1812. [PMID: 37815897 PMCID: PMC11272194 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis is crucial for ensuring healthy mitochondria and normal cellular function. This process is primarily responsible for regulating processes that include mitochondrial OXPHOS, which generates ATP, as well as mitochondrial oxidative stress, apoptosis, calcium homeostasis, and mitophagy. Bone mesenchymal stem cells express factors that aid in bone formation and vascular growth. Positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow affects the differentiation of osteoclasts. Furthermore, the metabolic regulation of cells that play fundamental roles in various regions of the bone, as well as interactions within the bone microenvironment, actively participates in regulating bone integrity and aging. The maintenance of cellular homeostasis is dependent on the regulation of intracellular organelles, thus understanding the impact of mitochondrial functional changes on overall bone metabolism is crucially important. Recent studies have revealed that mitochondrial homeostasis can lead to morphological and functional abnormalities in senescent cells, particularly in the context of bone diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal diseases results in abnormal metabolism of bone-associated cells and a secondary dysregulated microenvironment within bone tissue. This imbalance in the oxidative system and immune disruption in the bone microenvironment ultimately leads to bone dysplasia. In this review, we examine the latest developments in mitochondrial respiratory chain regulation and its impacts on maintenance of bone health. Specifically, we explored whether enhancing mitochondrial function can reduce the occurrence of bone cell deterioration and improve bone metabolism. These findings offer prospects for developing bone remodeling biology strategies to treat age-related degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiang Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenyu Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Miao Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qiufei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, First People’s Hospital of Changshu City, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ye Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, First People’s Hospital of Changshu City, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Haian Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Grayson C, Mailloux RJ. Coenzyme Q 10 and nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase: Sentinels for mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:260-271. [PMID: 37573896 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria use hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a mitokine for cell communication. H2O2 output for signaling depends on its rate of production and degradation, both of which are strongly affected by the redox state of the coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) pool and NADPH availability. Here, we propose the CoQ pool and nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) have evolved to be central modalities for mitochondrial H2O2 signaling. Both factors play opposing yet equally important roles in dictating H2O2 availability because they are connected to one another by two central parameters in bioenergetics: electron supply and Δp. The CoQ pool is the central point of convergence for electrons from various dehydrogenases and the electron transport chain (ETC). The increase in Δp creates a significant amount of protonic backpressure on mitochondria to promote H2O2 genesis through CoQ pool reduction. These same factors also drive the activity of NNT, which uses electrons and the Δp to eliminate H2O2. In this way, electron supply and the magnitude of the Δp manifests as a redox connection between the two sentinels, CoQ and NNT, which serve as opposing yet equally important forces required for budgeting H2O2. Taken together, CoQ and NNT are sentinels linked through mitochondrial bioenergetics to manage H2O2 availability for interorganelle and intercellular redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn Grayson
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
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3
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Recombinant Adenovirus siRNA Knocking Down the Ndufs4 Gene Alleviates Myocardial Apoptosis Induced by Oxidative Stress Injury. Cardiol Res Pract 2023; 2023:8141129. [PMID: 36741296 PMCID: PMC9897913 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8141129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress results in myocardial cell apoptosis and even life-threatening heart failure in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Specific blocking of the complex I could reduce cell apoptosis. Ndufs4 is a nuclear-encoded subunit of the mitochondrial complex I and participates in the electron transport chain. In this study, we designed and synthesized siRNA sequences knocking down the rat Ndufs4 gene, constructed recombinant adenovirus Ndufs4 siRNA (Ad-Ndufs4 siRNA), and primarily verified the role of Ndufs4 in oxidative stress injury. The results showed that the adenovirus infection rate was about 90%, and Ndufs4 mRNA and protein were decreased by 76.7% and 64.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the flow cytometry assay indicated that the cell apoptosis rate of the Ndufs4 siRNA group was significantly decreased as compared with the H2O2-treated group. In conclusion, we successfully constructed Ndufs4 siRNA recombinant adenovirus; furthermore, the downexpression of the Ndufs4 gene may alleviate H2O2-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis.
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4
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Tang LX, Wei B, Jiang LY, Ying YY, Li K, Chen TX, Huang RF, Shi MJ, Xu H. Intercellular mitochondrial transfer as a means of revitalizing injured glomerular endothelial cells. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:729-743. [PMID: 36188114 PMCID: PMC9516466 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i9.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can rescue injured target cells via mitochondrial transfer. However, it has not been fully understood how bone marrow-derived MSCs repair glomeruli in diabetic kidney disease (DKD).
AIM To explore the mitochondrial transfer involved in the rescue of injured glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) by MSCs, both in vitro and in vivo.
METHODS In vitro experiments were performed to investigate the effect of co-culture with MSCs on high glucose-induced GECs. The transfer of mitochondria was visualized using fluorescent microscopy. GECs were freshly sorted and ultimately tested for apoptosis, viability, mRNA expression by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, protein expression by western blot, and mitochondrial function. Moreover, streptozotocin-induced DKD rats were infused with MSCs, and renal function and oxidative stress were detected with an automatic biochemical analyzer and related-detection kits after 2 wk. Kidney histology was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and immunohistochemical staining.
RESULTS Fluorescence imaging confirmed that MSCs transferred mitochondria to injured GECs when co-cultured in vitro. We found that the apoptosis, proliferation, and mitochondrial function of injured GECs were improved following co-culture. Additionally, MSCs decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α] and pro-apoptotic factors (caspase 3 and Bax). Mitochondrial transfer also enhanced the expression of superoxide dismutase 2, B cell lymphoma-2, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) 3, and mitofusin 2 and inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) and dynamin-related protein 1 expression. Furthermore, MSCs significantly ameliorated functional parameters (blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine) and decreased the production of malondialdehyde, advanced glycation end products, and ROS, whereas they increased the levels of GPx and superoxide dismutase in vivo. In addition, significant reductions in the glomerular basement membrane and renal interstitial fibrosis were observed following MSC treatment.
CONCLUSION MSCs can rejuvenate damaged GECs via mitochondrial transfer. Additionally, the improvement of renal function and pathological changes in DKD by MSCs may be related to the mechanism of mitochondrial transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yongkang Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Jinhua 321300, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bing Wei
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lu-Yao Jiang
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, The First People’s Hospital of Yongkang Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Jinhua 321300, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - You-You Ying
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yongkang Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Jinhua 321300, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yongkang Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Jinhua 321300, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tian-Xi Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of Yongkang Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Jinhua 321300, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ruo-Fei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yongkang Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Jinhua 321300, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Miao-Jun Shi
- Department of Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of Yongkang Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Jinhua 321300, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Hemodialysis/Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of Yongkang Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Jinhua 321300, Zhejiang Province, China
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5
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Navaratnarajah T, Bellmann M, Seibt A, Anand R, Degistirici Ö, Meisel R, Mayatepek E, Reichert A, Baertling F, Distelmaier F. Mesenchymal stem cells improve redox homeostasis and mitochondrial respiration in fibroblast cell lines with pathogenic MT-ND3 and MT-ND6 variants. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:256. [PMID: 35715829 PMCID: PMC9205113 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02932-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequent biochemical defect of inherited mitochondrial disease is isolated complex I deficiency. There is no cure for this disorder, and treatment is mainly supportive. In this study, we investigated the effects of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on skin fibroblast derived from three individuals with complex I deficiency carrying different pathogenic variants in mitochondrial DNA-encoded subunits (MT-ND3, MT-ND6). Complex I-deficient fibroblasts were transiently co-cultured with bone marrow-derived MSCs. Mitochondrial transfer was analysed by fluorescence labelling and validated by Sanger sequencing. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using MitoSOX Red. Moreover, mitochondrial respiration was analysed by Seahorse XFe96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Levels of antioxidant proteins were investigated via immunoblotting. Co-culturing of complex I-deficient fibroblast with MSCs lowered cellular ROS levels. The effect on ROS production was more sustained compared to treatment of patient fibroblasts with culture medium derived from MSC cultures. Investigation of cellular antioxidant defence systems revealed an upregulation of SOD2 (superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial) and HO-1 (heme oxygenase 1) in patient-derived cell lines. This adaptive response was normalised upon MSC treatment. Moreover, Seahorse experiments revealed a significant improvement of mitochondrial respiration, indicating a mitigation of the oxidative phosphorylation defect. Experiments with repetitive MSC co-culture at two consecutive time points enhanced this effect. Our study indicates that MSC-based treatment approaches might constitute an interesting option for patients with mitochondrial DNA-encoded mitochondrial diseases. We suggest that this strategy may prove more promising for defects caused by mitochondrial DNA variants compared to nuclear-encoded defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharsini Navaratnarajah
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marlen Bellmann
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annette Seibt
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruchika Anand
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Özer Degistirici
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roland Meisel
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fabian Baertling
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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6
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Hou Y, Ding W, Wu P, Liu C, Ding L, Liu J, Wang X. Adipose-derived stem cells alleviate liver injury induced by type 1 diabetes mellitus by inhibiting mitochondrial stress and attenuating inflammation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:132. [PMID: 35365229 PMCID: PMC8973806 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a worldwide health priority due to autoimmune destruction and is associated with an increased risk of multiorgan complications. Among these complications, effective interventions for liver injury, which can progress to liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, are lacking. Although stem cell injection has a therapeutic effect on T1D, whether it can cure liver injury and the underlying mechanisms need further investigation. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D were treated with adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) or PBS via the tail vein formed the ADSC group or STZ group. Body weights and blood glucose levels were examined weekly for 6 weeks. RNA-seq and PCR array were used to detect the difference in gene expression of the livers between groups. Results In this study, we found that ADSCs injection alleviated hepatic oxidative stress and injury and improved liver function in rats with T1D; potential mechanisms included cytokine activity, energy metabolism and immune regulation were potentially involved, as determined by RNA-seq. Moreover, ADSC treatment altered the fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) levels in T1D rat livers, implying its repair capacity. Disordered intracellular energy metabolism, which is closely related to mitochondrial stress and dysfunction, was inhibited by ADSC treatment. PCR array and ingenuity pathway analyses suggested that the ADSC-induced suppression of mitochondrial stress is related to decreased necroptosis and apoptosis. Moreover, mitochondria-related alterations caused liver inflammation, resulting in liver injury involving the T lymphocyte-mediated immune response. Conclusions Overall, these results improve our understanding of the curative effect of ADSCs on T1D complications: ADSCs attenuate liver injury by inhibiting mitochondrial stress (apoptosis and dysfunctional energy metabolism) and alleviating inflammation (inflammasome expression and immune disorder). These results are important for early intervention in liver injury and for delaying the development of liver lesions in patients with T1D. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02760-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Hou
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenyu Ding
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Peishan Wu
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lina Ding
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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7
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van de Wal MAE, Adjobo-Hermans MJW, Keijer J, Schirris TJJ, Homberg JR, Wieckowski MR, Grefte S, van Schothorst EM, van Karnebeek C, Quintana A, Koopman WJH. Ndufs4 knockout mouse models of Leigh syndrome: pathophysiology and intervention. Brain 2022. [PMID: 34849584 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab426%jbrain] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are small cellular constituents that generate cellular energy (ATP) by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Dysfunction of these organelles is linked to a heterogeneous group of multisystemic disorders, including diabetes, cancer, ageing-related pathologies and rare mitochondrial diseases. With respect to the latter, mutations in subunit-encoding genes and assembly factors of the first OXPHOS complex (complex I) induce isolated complex I deficiency and Leigh syndrome. This syndrome is an early-onset, often fatal, encephalopathy with a variable clinical presentation and poor prognosis due to the lack of effective intervention strategies. Mutations in the nuclear DNA-encoded NDUFS4 gene, encoding the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S4 (NDUFS4) of complex I, induce 'mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 1' (MC1DN1) and Leigh syndrome in paediatric patients. A variety of (tissue-specific) Ndufs4 knockout mouse models were developed to study the Leigh syndrome pathomechanism and intervention testing. Here, we review and discuss the role of complex I and NDUFS4 mutations in human mitochondrial disease, and review how the analysis of Ndufs4 knockout mouse models has generated new insights into the MC1ND1/Leigh syndrome pathomechanism and its therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A E van de Wal
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, RIMLS, RCMM, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom J J Schirris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RIMLS, RCMM, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sander Grefte
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Clara van Karnebeek
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, RIMLS, RCMM, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Personalized Medicine Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Emma Personalized Medicine Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Quintana
- Mitochondrial Neuropathology Laboratory, Institut de Neurociències and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Werner J H Koopman
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, RIMLS, RCMM, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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8
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Huang T, Zhang T, Gao J. Targeted mitochondrial delivery: A therapeutic new era for disease treatment. J Control Release 2022; 343:89-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Yan W, Li L, Ge L, Zhang F, Fan Z, Hu L. The cannabinoid receptor I (CB1) enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by rescue impaired mitochondrial metabolism function under inflammatory condition. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:22. [PMID: 35063024 PMCID: PMC8781353 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease leading to bone resorption and periodontal tissue disruption under inflammatory stimulation. The osteogenic differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is impaired under the inflammatory environment, which limits the effect of treatment. The cannabinoid receptor I (CB1)
is the main effector of the endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS), and our previous study verified that CB1 could enhance the osteo/dentinogenic differentiation of dental MSCs, which might be a target for alveolar bone regeneration. However, the effect of CB1 on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs derived from bone remains unknown. In present study, we investigated the role and mechanism of CB1 on mitochondrial function and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) under inflammatory environment. Methods Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining, quantitative calcium analysis, and osteogenic markers were used to detect the osteogenic differentiation ability of BMSCs. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the gene expression. Seahorse Cell Mito Stress Test was used to detect the oxygen consumption rate (OCR). JC-10 assay was used to determine the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Results CB1 increased osteogenic differentiation potential and mitochondrial energy metabolism, including the OCR, MMP, and enhanced the expressions of Nrf1 and Nrf2 in hBMSCs without or with TNF-α or INF-γ stimulation. Then, the inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), rotenone (ROT), inhibited the osteogenic differentiation in hBMSCs, and CB1 could rescue ROT impaired osteogenic differentiation potentials of hBMSCs without or with TNF-α or INF-γ stimulation. Activation of ETC by Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) could restore the impaired osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by depletion of CB1 without or with TNF-α or INF-γ stimulation. Mechanismly, CB1 could activate the JNK signaling pathway, p38 MAPK signaling pathway, and inhibit the Erk1/2 signaling pathway. Conclusions The activating of CB1 enhanced the osteogenic differentiation by rescuing the mitochondrial metabolism function in hBMSCs under the inflammatory environment, suggesting that CB1 is a potential target for enhancing bone regeneration under the inflammatory environment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02702-9.
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10
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van de Wal M, Adjobo-Hermans M, Keijer J, Schirris T, Homberg J, Wieckowski MR, Grefte S, van Schothorst EM, van Karnebeek C, Quintana A, Koopman WJH. Ndufs4 knockout mouse models of Leigh syndrome: pathophysiology and intervention. Brain 2021; 145:45-63. [PMID: 34849584 PMCID: PMC8967107 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are small cellular constituents that generate cellular energy (ATP) by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Dysfunction of these organelles is linked to a heterogeneous group of multisystemic disorders, including diabetes, cancer, ageing-related pathologies and rare mitochondrial diseases. With respect to the latter, mutations in subunit-encoding genes and assembly factors of the first OXPHOS complex (complex I) induce isolated complex I deficiency and Leigh syndrome. This syndrome is an early-onset, often fatal, encephalopathy with a variable clinical presentation and poor prognosis due to the lack of effective intervention strategies. Mutations in the nuclear DNA-encoded NDUFS4 gene, encoding the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S4 (NDUFS4) of complex I, induce ‘mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 1’ (MC1DN1) and Leigh syndrome in paediatric patients. A variety of (tissue-specific) Ndufs4 knockout mouse models were developed to study the Leigh syndrome pathomechanism and intervention testing. Here, we review and discuss the role of complex I and NDUFS4 mutations in human mitochondrial disease, and review how the analysis of Ndufs4 knockout mouse models has generated new insights into the MC1ND1/Leigh syndrome pathomechanism and its therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa van de Wal
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, RIMLS, RCMM, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Merel Adjobo-Hermans
- Department of Biochemistry (286), RIMLS, RCMM, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Schirris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RIMLS, RCMM, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sander Grefte
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Clara van Karnebeek
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, RIMLS, RCMM, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Quintana
- Mitochondrial Neuropathology Laboratory, Institut de Neurociències and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Werner J H Koopman
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, RIMLS, RCMM, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Mohana Devi S, Abishek Kumar B, Mahalaxmi I, Balachandar V. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy: Current approaches and future perspectives on Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated rescue. Mitochondrion 2021; 60:201-218. [PMID: 34454075 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) is an inherited optic nerve disorder. It is a mitochondrially inherited disease due to point mutation in the MT-ND1, MT-ND4, and MT-ND6 genes of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) coding for complex I subunit proteins. These mutations affect the assembly of the mitochondrial complex I and hence the electron transport chain leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage. Optic nerve cells like retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are more sensitive to mitochondrial loss and oxidative damage which results in the progressive degeneration of RGCs at the axonal region of the optic nerve leading to bilateral vision loss. Currently, gene therapy using Adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) is widely studied for the therapeutics application in LHON. Our review highlights the application of cell-based therapy for LHON. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to rescue cells from the pre-apoptotic stage by transferring healthy mitochondria through tunneling nanotubes (TNT) for cellular oxidative function. Empowering the transfer of healthy mitochondria using MSCs may replace the mitochondria with pathogenic mutation and possibly benefit the cells from progressive damage. This review discusses the ongoing research in LHON and mitochondrial transfer mechanisms to explore its scope in inherited optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam Mohana Devi
- SN ONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India.
| | - B Abishek Kumar
- SN ONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Iyer Mahalaxmi
- Livestock Farming and Bioresource Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vellingiri Balachandar
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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12
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MicroRNA-128 inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis and function via targeting PGC1α and NDUFS4. Mitochondrion 2021; 60:160-169. [PMID: 34384932 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The size and morphology of mitochondria are very heterogeneous and correlates well with their healthy functioning. In many pathological conditions, mitochondrial morphology is altered due to impaired mitochondrial dynamics (a collective term for mitochondrial fusion and fission) and dysfunction. The current study aimed at identifying the role of microRNA-128 (miR-128) in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. Previously, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) has been shown to co-activate key intermediates of mitochondrial biogenesis, function, and dynamics; however, the upstream regulatory network remains largely unknown. We, herein using in silico analysis followed by in vitro experiments in C2C12 myoblasts, showed that miR-128 reduces mitochondrial biogenesis by directly targeting PGC1α. The expression of downstream genes, nuclear respiratory factors 1 and 2 (NRF1 and NRF2, respectively), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) were decreased in C2C12 myoblasts upon overexpression of miR-128. Also, miR-128 is shown to promote mitochondrial dysfunction by directly targeting NADH Dehydrogenase (Ubiquinone) Fe-S Protein 4 (NDUFS4). The mitochondrial dynamics and morphology were impaired post miR-128 overexpression, as revealed by downregulation of fusion proteins (mitofusin1 and 2, i.e., MFN1 and MFN2, respectively) and upregulation of fission protein (dynamin-related protein 1, i.e., DRP1). Conversely, inhibition of miR-128 expression improved mitochondrial biogenesis, function, and dynamics, as evidenced by increased mitochondrial mass and ATP production after antimiR-128 treatment. Our findings reveal that inhibition of miR-128 can be a new potential target for reversing the effects of metabolic disorders of skeletal muscle as observed during many pathophysiological conditions such as obesity and type II diabetes.
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13
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Yang G, Kim YN, Kim H, Lee BK. Effect of Human Umbilical Cord Matrix-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:975-988. [PMID: 34347277 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a severe sequela caused by bisphosphonates (BPs), which are widely used to treat osteoporosis or other malignancies. However, the mechanism underlying BRONJ remains unclear. Recently, human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have been studied for treatment of diverse diseases and injuries. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of hUC-MSCs in BRONJ. METHODS The therapeutic effects of hUC-MSCs were examined in rat bone marrow (rBM)-derived cells using cell viability, colony-forming, and real-time PCR assays and FACS for analyzing essential proinflammatory and bone regeneration markers in vitro. To demonstrate the in vivo therapeutic and adverse effects of transfused hUC-MSCs, micro-CT, H&E staining, IHC (Angiogenesis marker gene expression) staining, and parathyroid hormone (PTH)/calcium assay were conducted in a BRONJ-induced animal model. RESULTS BP-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation in rBM-derived cells decreased, after co-culture with hUC-MSCs. The expression levels of bone regeneration markers (RUNX2, OSX, and BMP-2) significantly increased in BP-treated rBM-derived cells, after co-culture with hUC-MSCs. The BP-induced abnormal shift in RANKL/OPG expression ratio in rBM-derived cells was normalized by hUC-MSCs. Consistent with these in vitro results, transfused hUC-MSCs markedly decreased BRONJ and significantly healed injured mucosa in the BRONJ-induced animal model. The animals exhibited serious destruction of the kidney structure and increases in serum PTH and calcium levels, which were significantly normalized by hUC-MSC transfusion. CONCLUSION hUC-MSCs exerted therapeutic effects on BRONJ in vitro and in vivo through their anti-cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory activity and ability to recover bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwanghyun Yang
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Nam Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjeong Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bu-Kyu Lee
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Gomzikova MO, James V, Rizvanov AA. Mitochondria Donation by Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Current Understanding and Mitochondria Transplantation Strategies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653322. [PMID: 33898449 PMCID: PMC8058353 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of mitochondria donation is found in various tissues of humans and animals and is attracting increasing attention. To date, numerous studies have described the transfer of mitochondria from stem cells to injured cells, leading to increased ATP production, restoration of mitochondria function, and rescue of recipient cells from apoptosis. Mitochondria transplantation is considered as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of mitochondrial diseases and mitochondrial function deficiency. Mitochondrial dysfunction affects cells with high energy needs such as neural, skeletal muscle, heart, and liver cells and plays a crucial role in type 2 diabetes, as well as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's diseases, ischemia, stroke, cancer, and age-related disorders. In this review, we summarize recent findings in the field of mitochondria donation and mechanism of mitochondria transfer between cells. We review the existing clinical trials and discuss advantages and disadvantages of mitochondrial transplantation strategies based on the injection of stem cells, isolated functional mitochondria, or EVs containing mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina O Gomzikova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,M.M. Shemyakin-Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria James
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,M.M. Shemyakin-Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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15
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Yan HS, Hang C, Chen SW, Wang KK, Bo P. Salvianolic acid B combined with mesenchymal stem cells contributes to nucleus pulposus regeneration. Connect Tissue Res 2020; 61:435-444. [PMID: 31023105 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1611794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether salvianolic acid B is able to enhance repair of degenerated intervertebral discs by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through the promotion of MSC differentiation into nucleus pulposus cells in a nucleus-pulposus-like environment and by enhancing the trophic effect of MSCs on residual nucleus pulposus cells (mediated by transforming growth factor-β1). MATERIALS AND METHODS Successful intervertebral disc degeneration models, established by aspiration of the nucleus pulposus in New Zealand white rabbits, were randomly divided into eight groups: Group A was treated with MSC transplantation. Group B was treated with MSC transplantation and salvianolic acid B, with the subgroups B1, B2, B3, and B4 receiving 0.01 mg/L, 0.1 mg/L, 1 mg/L, and 10 mg/L salvianolic acid B, respectively. Groups C and D were treated with phosphate buffer saline and sham graft, respectively. Group E was the normal control group. At the end of week 8, the type II collagen, proteoglycan, transforming growth factor-β1, and water contents in each group were examined by semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry, spectrophotometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and magnetic resonance, respectively. RESULTS The content of type II collagen, proteoglycan, transforming growth factor-β1, and water in groups B3 and B4 were significantly higher than those in group A (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Salvianolic acid B (1 mg/L to 10 mg/L) plus MSC transplantation was more effective in repairing degenerated intervertebral discs than was stem cell transplantation alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Shen Yan
- Medical College, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Science, Yangzhou Polytechnic College , Yangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Hang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Shu-Wen Chen
- Department of Mathematics and Information Technology, Jiangsu Second Normal University , Nanjing, China
| | - Ke-Ke Wang
- Department of Medical Science, Yangzhou Polytechnic College , Yangzhou, China
| | - Ping Bo
- Medical College, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, China
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16
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Zhang J, Zhang C, Yang H, Han X, Fan Z, Hou B. Depletion of PRDM9 enhances proliferation, migration and chemotaxis potentials in human periodontal ligament stem cells. Connect Tissue Res 2020; 61:498-508. [PMID: 31096797 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1620224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (PDLSCs) are important for periodontal tissue regeneration, but how these cells are regulated remains unclear. PRDM (PRDI-BF1 and RIZ homology domain containing) genes play key roles in cell proliferation and differentiation. The present study aimed to investigate the role of one PRDM gene, PRDM9, in the proliferation, migration and chemotaxis potential of PDLSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell proliferation was examined on the basis of the cell doubling time, cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assays, and flow cytometry analysis of the cell cycle. Gene expression was detected by Western blotting and real-time RT-PCR. Scratch migration and Transwell chemotaxis assays were used to analyse cell migration and chemotaxis abilities. Microarray analysis and ChIP assays were used to examine the downstream genes of PRDM9 and the corresponding mechanism. RESULTS The results showed that knock-down of PRDM9 enhanced cell proliferation by promoting cell cycle progression and rapid transition from the G1 to S phase via downregulation of p21 and p27 and upregulation of cyclin E. Additionally, depletion of PRDM9 increased the migration and chemotaxis potential of PDLSCs. Microarray results showed that 13 genes, including IGFBP5, IFI44L, and POSTN, were upregulated and 34 genes, including PIP, were downregulated after the depletion of PRDM9. Furthermore, we observed that the depletion of PRDM9 promoted the transcription of IGFBP5 by increasing H3K4me3 methylation in the IGFBP5 promoter. CONCLUSION These discoveries indicated that depletion of PRDM9 increased the cell proliferation, migration and chemotaxis potential of PDLSCs and revealed important downstream genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Haoqing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tianjin Stomatology Hospital, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Benxiang Hou
- Department of Endodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
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17
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Sodhi K, Denvir J, Liu J, Sanabria JR, Chen Y, Silverstein R, Xie Z, Abraham NG, Shapiro JI. Oxidant-Induced Alterations in the Adipocyte Transcriptome: Role of the Na,K-ATPase Oxidant Amplification Loop. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165923. [PMID: 32824688 PMCID: PMC7460641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Recently we have noted that adipocyte specific expression of the peptide, NaKtide, which was developed to attenuate the Na,K-ATPase oxidant amplification loop, could ameliorate the phenotypical features of uremic cardiomyopathy. We performed this study to better characterize the cellular transcriptomes that are involved in various biological pathways associated with adipocyte function occurring with renal failure. (2) Methods: RNAseq was performed on the visceral adipose tissue of animals subjected to partial nephrectomy. Specific expression of NaKtide in adipocytes was achieved using an adiponectin promoter. To better understand the cause of gene expression changes in vivo, 3T3L1 adipocytes were exposed to indoxyl sulfate (IS) or oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL), with and without pNaKtide (the cell permeant form of NaKtide). RNAseq was also performed on these samples. (3) Results: We noted a large number of adipocyte genes were altered in experimental renal failure. Adipocyte specific NaKtide expression reversed most of these abnormalities. High correlation with some cardiac specific phenotypical features was noted amongst groups of these genes. In the murine adipocytes, both IS and oxLDL induced similar pathway changes as were noted in vivo, and pNaKtide appeared to reverse these changes. Network analysis demonstrated tremendous similarities between the network revealed by gene expression analysis with IS compared with oxLDL, and the combined in vitro dataset was noted to also have considerable similarity to that seen in vivo with experimental renal failure. (4) Conclusions: This study suggests that the myriad of phenotypical features seen with experimental renal failure may be fundamentally linked to oxidant stress within adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Sodhi
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (K.S.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (J.R.S.)
| | - James Denvir
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (K.S.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Jiang Liu
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (K.S.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Juan R. Sanabria
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (K.S.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Yiliang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (Y.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Roy Silverstein
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (Y.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Zijian Xie
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (K.S.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Nader G. Abraham
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | - Joseph I. Shapiro
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (K.S.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (J.R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(304)-691-1704
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18
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Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Mediated Mitochondrial Transfer and the Therapeutic Potential in Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8838046. [PMID: 32724315 PMCID: PMC7364205 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8838046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can be derived from various tissues. Due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, MSCs have been extensively researched and tested for treatment of different diseases/indications. One mechanism that MSCs exert functions is through the transfer of mitochondria, a key player involved in many biological processes in health and disease. Mitochondria transfer is bidirectional and has an impact on both donor and recipient cells. In this review, we discussed how MSC-mediated mitochondrial transfer may affect cellular metabolism, survival, proliferation, and differentiation; how this process influences inflammatory processes; and what is the molecular machinery that mediates mitochondrial transfer. In the end, we summarized recent advances in preclinical research and clinical trials for the treatment of stroke and spinal cord injury, through application of MSCs and/or MSC-derived mitochondria.
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19
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Wang F, Chen S, Ren L, Wang Y, Li Z, Song T, Zhang H, Yang Q. The Effect of Silibinin on Protein Expression Profile in White Adipose Tissue of Obese Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:55. [PMID: 32184719 PMCID: PMC7059093 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of silibinin on the protein expression profile of white adipose tissue (WAT) in obese mice by using Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Methods According to experimental requirements, 36 C57BL/6JC mice were randomly divided into normal diet group (WC group), high fat diet group (WF group), and high fat diet + silibinin group (WS group). WS group was intragastrically administered with 54 mg/kg body weight of silibinin, and the WC group and the WF group were intragastrically administered with equal volume of normal saline. Serum samples were collected to detect fasting blood glucose and blood lipids. IPGTT was used to measure the blood glucose value at each time point and calculate the area under the glucose curve. TMT combined with LC-MS/MS were used to study the expression of WAT, and its cellular processes, biological processes, corresponding molecular functions, and related network molecular mechanisms were analyzed by bioinformatics. Finally, RT-PCR and LC-MS/MS were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of FABP5, Plin4, GPD1, and AGPAT2, respectively. Results Although silibinin did not reduce the mice's weight, it did improve glucose metabolism. In addition, silibinin decreased the concentration of TC, TG, and LDL-C and increased the concentration of HDL-C in the serum of mice. In the WF/WS group, 182 differentially expressed proteins were up-regulated and 159 were down-regulated. While in the WS/WF group, 362 differentially expressed proteins were up-regulated and 176 were down-regulated. Further analysis found that these differential proteins are mainly distributed in the peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR), lipolysis of fat cells, metabolism of glycerides, oxidative phosphorylation, and other signaling pathways, and participate in cell processes and lipid metabolism through catalysis and integration functions. Specifically, silibinin reduced the expression of several key factors such as FABP5, Plin4, GPD1, and AGPTA2. Conclusion High fat diet (HFD) can increase the expression of lipid synthesis and transport-related proteins and reduce mitochondrial related proteins, thereby increasing lipid synthesis, reducing energy consumption, and improving lipid metabolism in vivo. Silibinin can reduce lipid synthesis, increase energy consumption, and improve lipid metabolism in mice in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Luping Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yichao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.,North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zelin Li
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tiantian Song
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - He Zhang
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiwen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
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20
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Hao Y, Wu M, Wang J. Fibroblast growth factor-2 ameliorates tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced osteogenic damage of human bone mesenchymal stem cells by improving oxidative phosphorylation. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 52:101538. [PMID: 32084581 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. The metabolic switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is vital for energy supply during osteogenic differentiation. However, the metabolic switch is inhibited under inflammatory stimulation. FGF2 has shown that it can improve osteogenic differentiation and promote autoimmune inflammation. In this study, we investigated whether FGF2 can ameliorate TNF-a-inhibited osteogenic damage by improving OXPHOS. Effects of TNF-α or FGF2 on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs were evaluated by MTT assay, qRT-PCR, and ALP activity tests. The function of FGF2 on the TNF-a-inhibited metabolic switch was determined by Mito Stress test. The results showed that TNF-α was able to inhibit the osteogenic differentiation and OXPHOS of hBMSCs. FGF2 has no obvious function in improving the osteogenic-related genes, but it can ameliorate the impaired osteogenesis and OCR value caused by TNF-α. These findings suggest that FGF2 can prevent the impaired osteogenic differentiation and metabolic switch of hBMSCs under inflammatory stimulation, which might enhance the regeneration capacity of hBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Hao
- Department of Oral Implantology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minting Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinming Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Espinosa G, Plaza A, Schenffeldt A, Alarcón P, Gajardo G, Uberti B, Morán G, Henríquez C. Equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells inhibit reactive oxygen species production by neutrophils. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 221:109975. [PMID: 32087476 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are the largest leukocyte population in the blood of most mammals including horses, and play an important defensive role in many infectious diseases. However, the mechanisms that increase PMN as one of the main cellular subsets in the defense against pathogens could also be involved in the pathophysiology of dysregulated inflammatory conditions. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous population with a modulatory potential on the inflammatory response and are known to interact with nearly all cells of the immune system, including PMN. In this study, the in vitro modulation of equine bone marrow-derived MSCs on equine PMN phagocytosis, ROS production, and NETs generation was assessed. RESULTS In co-culture with MSCs, unstimulated PMN produce less ROS (2.88 % ± 1.43) than PMN in single culture (5.89 % ± 2.63) (p = 0.016). Moreover, PMN co-cultured with MSCs remain conditioned to produce fewer ROS after PMA stimulation in comparison to PMN in single culture (p < 0.05). Additionally, it was found that incubation with MSC supernatant strongly inhibited ROS production (83 % ± 6.35 less than control) without affecting phagocytosis or capacity for NETosis (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a modulatory effect of equine BM-derived MSCs on PMN respiratory burst, without impairing other important microbicidal functions. This supports the potential use of equine MSCs in excessive or persistent inflammatory conditions in which neutrophils are the main effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Espinosa
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
| | - Anita Plaza
- Instituto de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
| | - Andrés Schenffeldt
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
| | - Pablo Alarcón
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
| | - Gonzalo Gajardo
- Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
| | - Benjamín Uberti
- Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
| | - Gabriel Morán
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
| | - Claudio Henríquez
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
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22
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Chen R, Ren L, Cai Q, Zou Y, Fu Q, Ma Y. The role of epigenetic modifications in the osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. Connect Tissue Res 2019; 60:507-520. [PMID: 31203665 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1593395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, stem cells have drawn extensive attention from scientists due to their full potential in tissue engineering, gene therapy, and cell therapy. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), which represent one type of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), hold great promise in bone tissue engineering due to their painless collection procedure, their ability to self-renew and their multi-lineage differentiation properties. Major epigenetic mechanisms, which involve DNA methylation, histone modifications and RNA interference (RNAi), are known to represent one of the determining factors of ADSC fate and differentiation. Understanding the epigenetic modifications of ADSCs may provide a clue for improving stem cell therapy in bone repair and regeneration. The aim of this review is to present the recent advances in understanding the epigenetic mechanisms that facilitate ADSC differentiation into an osteogenic lineage, in addition to the characteristics of the main epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Lin Ren
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Qingwei Cai
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yang Zou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou , China
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23
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rBMSC/Cav-1 F92A Mediates Oxidative Stress in PAH Rat by Regulating SelW/14-3-3 η and CA1/Kininogen Signal Transduction. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:6768571. [PMID: 31781243 PMCID: PMC6855026 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6768571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives Carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1)/kininogen and selenoprotein W (SelW)/14-3-3η signal transduction orchestrate oxidative stress, which can also be regulated by nitric oxide (NO). The mutated caveolin-1 (Cav-1F92A) gene may enhance NO production. This study explored the effect of Cav-1F92A-modified rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSC/Cav-1F92A) on oxidative stress regulation through CA1/kininogen and SelW/14-3-3η signal transduction in a rat model of monocrotaline- (MCT-) induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Method PAH was induced in rats through the subcutaneous injection of MCT. Next, rBMSC/Vector (negative control), rBMSC/Cav-1, rBMSC/Cav-1F92A, or rBMSC/Cav-1F92A+L-NAME were administered to the rats. Changes in pulmonary hemodynamic and vascular morphometry and oxidative stress levels were evaluated. CA1/kininogen and SelW/14-3-3η signal transduction, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) dimerization, and eNOS/NO/sGC/cGMP pathway changes were determined through real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, or immunohistochemical analyses. Results In MCT-induced PAH rats, rBMSC/Cav-1F92A treatment reduced right ventricular systolic pressure, vascular stenosis, and oxidative stress; downregulated CA1/kininogen signal transduction; upregulated SelW/14-3-3η signal transduction; and reactivated the NO pathway. Conclusions In a rat model of MCT-induced PAH, rBMSC/Cav-1F92A reduced oxidative stress by regulating CA1/kininogen and SelW/14-3-3η signal transduction.
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24
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Abstract
Significance: In addition to their classical role in cellular ATP production, mitochondria are of key relevance in various (patho)physiological mechanisms including second messenger signaling, neuro-transduction, immune responses and death induction. Recent Advances: Within cells, mitochondria are motile and display temporal changes in internal and external structure ("mitochondrial dynamics"). During the last decade, substantial empirical and in silico evidence was presented demonstrating that mitochondrial dynamics impacts on mitochondrial function and vice versa. Critical Issues: However, a comprehensive and quantitative understanding of the bidirectional links between mitochondrial external shape, internal structure and function ("morphofunction") is still lacking. The latter particularly hampers our understanding of the functional properties and behavior of individual mitochondrial within single living cells. Future Directions: In this review we discuss the concept of mitochondrial morphofunction in mammalian cells, primarily using experimental evidence obtained within the last decade. The topic is introduced by briefly presenting the central role of mitochondria in cell physiology and the importance of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) therein. Next, we summarize in detail how mitochondrial (ultra)structure is controlled and discuss empirical evidence regarding the equivalence of mitochondrial (ultra)structure and function. Finally, we provide a brief summary of how mitochondrial morphofunction can be quantified at the level of single cells and mitochondria, how mitochondrial ultrastructure/volume impacts on mitochondrial bioreactions and intramitochondrial protein diffusion, and how mitochondrial morphofunction can be targeted by small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elianne P. Bulthuis
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Merel J.W. Adjobo-Hermans
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H.G.M. Willems
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Werner J.H. Koopman
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Werner J.H. Koopman, Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, Nijmegen NL-6500 HB, The Netherlands
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25
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Terrell D, Comander J. Current Stem-Cell Approaches for the Treatment of Inherited Retinal Degenerations. Semin Ophthalmol 2019; 34:287-292. [DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2019.1620808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Terrell
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Comander
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Fiori A, Terlizzi V, Kremer H, Gebauer J, Hammes HP, Harmsen MC, Bieback K. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells as potential therapy in diabetic retinopathy. Immunobiology 2018; 223:729-743. [PMID: 29402461 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a multifactorial microvascular disease induced by hyperglycemia and subsequent metabolic abnormalities. The resulting cell stress causes a sequela of events that ultimately can lead to severe vision impairment and blindness. The early stages are characterized by activation of glia and loss of pericytes, endothelial cells (EC) and neuronal cells. The integrity of the retinal microvasculature becomes affected, and, as a possible late response, macular edema may develop as a common reason for vision loss in patients with non-proliferative DR. Moreover, the local ischemia can trigger vasoproliferation leading to vision-threating proliferative DR (PDR) in humans. Available treatment options include control of metabolic and hemodynamic factors. Timely intervention of advanced DR stages with laser photocoagulation, intraocular anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or glucocorticoid drugs can reduce vision loss. As the pathology involves cell loss of both the vascular and neuroglial compartments, cell replacement strategies by stem and progenitor cells have gained considerable interest in the past years. Compared to other disease entities, so far little is known about the efficacy and potential mode of action of cell therapy in treatment of DR. In preclinical models of DR different cell types have been applied ranging from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and endothelial progenitor cells to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). The latter cell population can combine various modes of action (MoA), thus they are among the most intensely tested cell types in cell therapy. The aim of this review is to discuss the rationale for using MSC as potential cell therapy to treat DR. Accordingly, we will revise identified MoA of MSCs and speculate how these may support the repair of the damaged retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Fiori
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Terlizzi
- Dept. Endocrinology, 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Lab for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (CAVAREM), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heiner Kremer
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Germany
| | - Julian Gebauer
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- Dept. Endocrinology, 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin C Harmsen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Lab for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (CAVAREM), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Germany.
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More than a powerplant: the influence of mitochondrial transfer on the epigenome. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 3:16-24. [PMID: 29750205 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Each cell in the human body, with the exception of red blood cells, contains multiple copies of mitochondria that house their own genetic material, the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondria are the cell's powerplant due to their massive ATP generation. However, the mitochondrion is also a hub for metabolite production from the TCA cycle, fatty acid beta-oxidation, and ketogenesis. In addition to producing macromolecules for biosynthetic reactions and cell replication, several mitochondrial intermediate metabolites serve as cofactors or substrates for epigenome modifying enzymes that regulate chromatin structure and impact gene expression. Here, we discuss connections between mitochondrial metabolites and enzymatic writers and erasers of chromatin modifications. We do this from the unique perspective of cell-to-cell mitochondrial transfer and its potential impact on mitochondrial replacement therapies.
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